[Evaluation of the effect of free fibular flap transplantation in repairing mandibular osteoradionecrosis defect in 151 cases]

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of free fibula flap transplantation in repairing the defect of mandibular osteoradionecrosis (ORN). Methods: A total of 151 mandibular ORN patients undergoing free fibular flap transplantation were selected from August 2005 to September 2020 in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University. Among them, 109 patients were males and 42 patients were females, aged (54.1±10.1) (ranged 31-85) years old. The clinical data of the patients was collected and the survival rate of the flaps and postoperative function were calculated to evaluate the surgical efficacy. The χ² test was used for difference analysis. Results: Among the 151 patients, mandibular ORN caused by radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma accounted for 79.5% (120/151). The average time for mandibular ORN appeared was 5(6) years after radiotherapy. Facial artery [57.2%(87/152)] and superior thyroid artery (50/152, 32.9%) were the main anastomotic arteries in the recipient area. There was no significant difference in the necrosis rates of the two flaps [10.3%(9/87) and 12.5%(5/50), respectively, P=0.949]. The main anastomotic veins in the recipient area were the external jugular vein [48.4%(135/279)] and the common facial vein [26.5%(74/279)]. Twenty-five cases (16.6%) had one vein anastomosed, and 126 cases (83.44%) had two veins anastomosed. There was no significant difference in the flap necrosis rate between the two conditions [20.0%(5/25) and 7.1%(9/126), respectively, P=0.100]. Ninety-seven cases (64.2%) used the peroneal musculocutaneous-fascia composite flap to repair the maxillofacial soft and hard tissue defects. Thirteen cases (8.6%) underwent the restorations with digital virtual surgery design, of which 5 cases were repaired with dental implants at the same time. After the operations, lower respiratory tract infection occurred in 17 patients (11.3%), and upper respiratory tract obstruction occurred in 3 cases (2.0%). The survival rate of the flap after operation was 90.7% (136/151), and 21 patients (13.9%) had flap vascular crisis. Delayed healing of maxillofacial wounds occurred in 33 cases (21.9%). After 3 to 24 months of follow-ups, 110 patients (76.9%) had no fistula inside/outside the oral cavity, 118 patients (82.5%) had an improvement in opening mouth of increasing (≥0.5 cm) after surgery, 135 patients (94.4%) had pain relief, 97 cases (67.8%) could eat normal diet, semi-liquid or soft food, and 137 cases (95.8%) were satisfied or basically satisfied with the treatment effects. Conclusions: The free fibular flap transplantation is an effective method to repair mandibular ORN defects. Preoperative vascular assessment is helpful for the selection of recipient vessels. Facial artery, superior thyroid artery, external jugular vein and common facial vein can be used as the main recipient vessels. The repair of the peroneal musculocutaneous-fascia composite flap facilitates the closure of internal and external fistulas. Digital technology can help to restore the maxillofacial shape more accurately, improve the patient's occlusal and chewing function and enhance the quality of life of mandibular ORN patients.

Identification of a large dataset of SNPs in hair-fin anchovy (Setipinna tenuifilis) based on RAD-seq

Hair-fin anchovy (Setipinna tenuifilis) is an economically important fish distributed in the West Indian Ocean and the Northwest Pacific Ocean. In this study, 154 individuals in eight populations of S. tenuifilis were sequenced and 850 million raw reads were obtained using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq). First, we identified 14 012 044 hypothetical SNP markers. A dataset of 199 903 high-quality SNPs was collected after further screening. These SNPs have a strong ability to test the genetic diversity between the eight populations. The differentiation and genetic law between samples were explored based on SNPs in populations of S. tenuifilis. The results of this study will provide data for protecting the genetic resources of the species.

[Mechanism of gut-microbiota-liver axis in the pathogenesis of intestinal failure-associated liver disease]

Intestinal failure (IF) is defined as the critical reduction of functional intestines below the minimum needed to absorb nutrients and fluids, so that intravenous supplementation with parenteral nutrition (PN) is required to maintain health and/or growth. Although the benefits are evident, patients receiving PN can suffer from serious cholestasis due to lack of enteral feeding and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). One such complication that may arise is intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD). Evidences from recent studies suggest that alterations in the intestinal microbiota, as well as intraluminal bile acid driven signaling, may play a critical role in both hepatic and intestinal injury. Since Marshall first proposed the concept of the gut-liver axis in 1998, the role of gut-liver axis disorders in the development of IFALD has received considerable attention. The conversation between gut and liver is the key to maintain liver metabolism and intestinal homeostasis, which influences each other and is reciprocal causation. However, as a "forgotten organ" , intestinal microbiota on the pathogenesis of IFALD has not been well reflected. As such, we propose, for the first time, the concept of gut-microbiota-liver axis to emphasize the importance of intestinal microbiota in the interaction of gut-liver axis. Analysis and research on gut-microbiota-liver axis will be of great significance for understanding the pathogenesis of IFALD and improving the prevention and treatment measures.

[Research progress in pathogenesis of pneumoconiosis]

Pneumoconiosis is an occupational lung disease that is mainly caused by diffuse fibrosis of lung tissue due to long-term inhalation of productive dust during occupational activities and retention in the lungs. Macrophages, epithelial cells and other cells can release a large number of cytokines, such as transforming growth factor-β, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, etc. These cytokines can participate in pathologies such as local injury, inflammatory response, and pulmonary fibrosis. This article reviews the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of pneumoconiosis in order to provide a basis for further research.

Intestinal epithelium-derived BATF3 promotes colitis-associated colon cancer through facilitating CXCL5-mediated neutrophils recruitment

Inflammation is a critical player in the development and progression of colon cancer. Basic leucine zipper transcription factor ATF-like 3 (BATF3) plays an important role in infection and tumor immunity through regulating the development of conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s). However, the function of BATF3 in colitis and colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) remains unclear. Here, BATF3 wild-type and knockout mice were used to construct an AOM/DSS-induced CAC model. In addition, DSS-induced chronic colitis, bone marrow cross-transfusion (BMT), neutrophil knockout, and other animal models were used for in-depth research. We found that BATF3 deficiency in intestinal epithelial cells rather than in cDC1s inhibited CAC, which was depended on inflammatory stimulation. Mechanistically, BATF3 directly promoted transcription of CXCL5 by forming a heterodimer with JunD, and accelerated the recruitment of neutrophils through the CXCL5-CXCR2 axis, ultimately increasing the occurrence and development of CAC. Tissue microarray and TCGA data also indicated that high expression of BATF3 was positively correlated with poor prognosis of colorectal cancer and other inflammation-related tumors. In summary, our results demonstrate that intestinal epithelial-derived BATF3 relies on inflammatory stimulation to promote CAC, and BATF3 is expected to be a novel diagnostic indicator for colitis and CAC.

[Feasibility of near-infrared fluorescence imaging in assisting with the determination of the resection range of radiation intestinal injury]

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRFI) to assist in determining the resection range of radiation intestinal injury (RII). Methods: A descriptive cohort study was conducted. Clinical data of 10 RII patients who presented intestinal obstruction and received operation with more than 100 cm of small intestine had been resected atGeneral Department of Jinling Hospital from October 2014 to January 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The Novadaq SPY Intra-operative Imaging System was used in capturing and viewing fluorescent images. Firstly, the dense adhesion was mobilized and the obstructive intestine was fully freed under laparoscopy, then entering into abdomen from the corresponding incision. The surgeon determined the resection range according to the color of the intestinal serous layer of the diseased intestinal wall, the thickness of the intestinal wall, and the degree of swelling of the mesentery. Afterwards, intra-operative NIRFI was performed by intravenous injection of 2 ml indocyanine green (ICG) and the imaging results of the diseased intestinal arteriovenous phase were observed and recorded. The evaluation criteria for the final resection range were mainly based on the changes in mesenteric arterial phase imaging. In RII lesions, mesenteric vessels in mesenteric artery phase were disordered, and the comb-like distribution of normal mesenteric vessels completely disappeared. Only the clouded appearance in the intestinal wall was observed. Imaging results of the diseased intestinal tissue during the development phase and mesenteric vein phase were not significantly different from normal intestinal tissue. Intraoperative and postoperative conditions under NIRFI-assisted positioning, including the resection range, anastomosis site, operation-related complications, hospitalization time and cost were recorded. Data of abdominal contrast-enhanced CT and gastrointestinal angiography during 5 years of follow-up were collected to evaluate whether there was anastomotic stenosis or insufficient resection of diseased bowel. Results: Based on the imaging of mesenteric arterial phase of NIRFI, the median resection length of the small intestine was 185 (120-260) cm. After NIRFI imaging, only local lesion of ileum was excised in 6 patients, and jejunum-ileum anastomosis was performed to preserve ileocecal flap. No serious complications such as anastomotic leakage and anastomotic hemorrhage, or chronic intestinal failure such as short bowel syndrome occurred. The median hospitalization time was 32 (22-51) days, and the median hospitalization cost was 142 000 (90 000-175 000) RMB. The hospitalization time and cost were mainly used for the enteral and parenteral nutrition support treatment during the perioperative period. All the patients had normal oral diet and/or oral enteral nutrient. After 5 years of follow-up, no recurrence was found. Abdominal contrast-enhanced CT and gastrointestinal angiography showed no thickening of the intestinal wall or stenosis of the lumen. Conclusion: Mesenteric arterial phase imagingof NIRFI can help surgeons to determine the site and range of resection of RII lesions.

[Analysis of registration data for clinical trials of pneumoconiosis]

Objective: To investigate the registration characteristics and development trend of clinical trials of pneumoconiosis, analyze the clinical research characteristics and current situation of prevention and treatment pneumoconiosis. Methods: In December 2018, the databases of primary registries certified by International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) , such as Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) , Clinical Trials. gov, and Japan Primary Registries Network (JPRN) were retrieved. All clinical trials related to pneumoconiosis were included from the database establishment until December 1, 2018, and the characteristics of registered clinical trials were analyzed. Results: A total of 23 clinical trials related to pneumoconiosis were inclued. The number of registrations in China and Brazil are 9 and 3 respectively, while the registration numbers of Clinical Trials. gov and ChiCTR are 10 and 5 respectively. Fourteen trials have been completed; five trials are ongoing, and four trials are unknown for the research progress. Ten trials were for silicosis patients. Eight trials with a sample size less than 50. Twelve trials were randomized controlled trials. Interventions of five clinical trial are pulmonary rehabilitation. There were six trials with a 12-month course of treatment. Conclusion: At present, the number of registered studies in clinical trials of pneumoconiosis is relatively less; the proportion of published clinical research results is low, and some clinical research status is unknown. It should increase the publicity of the registration of clinical trials for pneumoconiosis, improve the awareness of registration and the intensity of research design to promote the development of high-quality clinical trials.

[Texture analysis of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to identify atypically enhanced small hepatocellular carcinoma and dysplastic nodules under the background of cirrhosis]

Objective: To investigate the value of texture analysis based on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) in the differential diagnosis of atypically enhanced small hepatocellular carcinoma (sHCC) and dysplastic nodules (DNs) in liver cirrhosis. Methods: Data of 59 cases with atypical enhancement and solitary cirrhotic nodule (≤2 cm) confirmed by dynamic contrast enhanced MRI and surgical pathology specimen were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, 37 cases were of atypically enhanced sHCC and 22 cases of DNS. The DWI signal characteristics of the lesions were analyzed to measure the average apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of the lesions, and the ADC ratio of the lesion to the liver parenchyma. MaZda software was used to manually draw the region of interest to extract the texture parameters of DWI lesions. The three sets (combination of Fisher coefficient, classification of error probability combined with average correlation coefficient and interactive information) were used to select the thirty optimal texture parameters. Raw data analysis (RDA), principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and non-linear discriminant analysis (NDA) were performed for texture classification. The difference of ADC value and ADC ratio between sHCC and DNS group was compared by independent sample t-test, and χ2 test was used to compare the count data (or rate). ROC curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency. Results: The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of DWI high-signal in the identification of atypically enhanced sHCC and DNs were 94.6% (35/37), 68.2% (15/22), and 84.7% (50/59), respectively. The ADC ratio of atypically enhanced sHCC was significantly lower than DNs, and the difference was statistically significant (t = 2.99, P = 0.002). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the diagnosis of atypically enhanced sHCC were 73.0% (27/37), 72.7% (16/22) and 72.9% (43/59), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of DWI texture analysis in diagnosing atypically enhanced sHCC were 94.6% (35/37), 95.5% (21/22) and 94.9% (56/59).The diagnostic efficiency of DWI texture analysis (AUC = 0.94) was significantly higher than DWI high-signal (AUC = 0.81) and ADC ratio (AUC = 0.72). Conclusion: The texture analysis based on DWI can identify atypically enhanced sHCC and dysplastic nodules under the background of cirrhosis, and its efficacy is better than qualitative and quantitative DWI.

[Effect of TUTF1 expression on the proliferation, apoptosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells]

Objective: To study the relationship between the expressions of tuftelin 1 (TUFT1) and the clinicopathological features of hepatocellular carcinoma and its effect on proliferation and apoptosis, and to explore the relationship between TUFT1 with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of TUFT1 in 98 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and 30 cases of adjacent normal tissues. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of TUFT1 in HCC cell line. The expression of TUFT1 in SMMC-7221 cell lines was down-regulated by lentiviral vector. Cell proliferation assay, clonogenic assay, cell apoptosis assay and cell cycle assay were used to detect proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle changes of hepatocarcinoma cells after TUFT1-down-regulation. Statistics were performed using the χ2 test and the t-test. Results: Among the 98 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, 65 cases (66.33%) were positive for TUFT1, and in 30 cases of adjacent normal tissues, 6 cases (16.67%) were positive for TUFT1, and the difference was statistically significant (χ (2) = 19.956, P < 0.05). The expression of TUFT1 in HCC tissues was related to tumor size, tumor stage, recurrence and metastasis (χ(2) = 6.214, 8.066, 14.400, P < 0.05). After lentiviral vector mediated downregulation of TUFT1 expression in SMMC -7221 cells, the cell proliferation rate [(18.62% ± 0.15%) vs. (67.91% ± 0.62%), P < 0.05], clonality [(8.10% ± 0.80%) vs. (50.80% ± 1.60%), P < 0.05] and G1 phase cells [(36.71% ± 0.69%) vs. (44.65% ± 0.73%), P < 0.05] were significantly decreased, whereas the G2 phase cells [ (15.44% ± 0.53%) vs. (22.31% ± 0.20%), P < 0.05] and the rate of apoptosis [(3.45% ± 0.18%) vs. (5.45% ± 0.06%), P < 0.05] was significantly increased compared with the control group of HCC cells, and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: The expression of TUFT1 is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. Furthermore, the expression of TUFT1 promotes HCC cell proliferation, inhibits the apoptosis, and is poor prognostic factor of hepatocellular carcinoma.

[Incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumoconiosis in different occupational positions among populations from jinchang cohort]

Objective: To investigate the incidence and rank of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumoconiosis to the workers in different occupational positions in Jinchang Cohort. Methods: In January 2014, a cohort of follow-up population in jinchang city was taken as the research object, 17843 individuals among follow-up populations in Jinchang Cohort Study, removed the individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumoconiosis before 2013, and counted the new incidence individuals diagnosed by the A-Class hospital in Grade III in Jinchang City, Gansu Province, as the investigation objects to investigate the incidence rate & rank of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumoconiosis. The statistical significance was tested by chi-square test. Results: The 2-year incidence rate of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Pneumoconiosis in the population of Jinchang Cohort Study were 11.60‰, 13.51‰ for male and 8.46‰ for female. the ranks of 2-year incidence rates of chronic bronchitis, emphysema, pneumoconiosis and other phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were 7.06‰、3.42‰、0.84‰、0.34‰, respectively. Incidence rate of chronic bronchitis among administrators and executive staffs were 10.45‰; incidence rate of chronic bronchitis among service staffs were 10.45‰; incidence rate of pneumoconiosis among mining staffs were 3.44‰. Conclusion: The first incidence rank of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumoconiosis in Jinchang cohort is chronic bronchitis, and the risk factors are smoking and occupational exposure.

[Relative factors of transmural intestinal necrosis in acute superior mesenteric vein thrombosis]

Objective: To examine the relative factors of transmural intestinal necrosis (TIN) during multidisciplinary stepwise management facilitating the decision making in patients with acute superior mesenteric vein thrombosis (ASMVT). Methods: Clinical data of patients with ASMVT admitted to Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital from January 2009 to June 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. There were 52 males and 37 females, aging (45.9 ± 12.6) years (range: 20 to 69 years). According to the postoperative pathological results and follow-up, the patients were divided into TIN group (n=31) and non-TIN group (n=58, including 18 cases of intestinal stricture). The related factors were compared between ASMVT patients with TIN and patients without TIN by univariate analysis using t test, U test and χ(2) test accordingly, and factors with statistically significance were subsequently submitted to binary Logistic regression analysis. The predictive value and cut-off point of factors were evaluated by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve. Results: In univariate analysis, smoking, hypertension, peritonitis, white blood cell count,haemoglobin, international normalized ratio, blood albumin, thrombosis of superior mesenteric branches vein, free intraperitoneal fluid, decrease of bowel wall enhancement and pneumatosis intestinalis were TIN risk factors (all P<0.05). According to the binary Logistic regression analysis, white blood cell count (OR=1.093, 95%CI: 1.010 to 1.182, P=0.027), thrombosis of the superior mesenteric branches vein (OR=11.519, 95%CI: 1.906 to 69.615, P=0.008), pneumatosis intestinalis (OR=11.140, 95%CI: 2.360 to 52.585, P=0.002) were independent relative factors of TIN in patients with AMI, and the area under the ROC curve of the above factors and predictive model was 0.759 (95%CI: 0.647 to 0.871), 0.745 (95%CI: 0.641 to 0.848), 0.737 (95%CI: 0.621 to 0.854), 0.909 (95%CI: 0.847 to 0.971), respectively. The cutoff value of white blood cell count was 18.1 × 10(9)/L. Conclusion: White blood cell levels, superior mesenteric vein branch thrombosis and pneumatosis intestinalis are independent predictors of TIN in ASMVT.

[Study on clinical classification of Japanese encephalitis by Bayes discriminant analysis]

Objective: To construct Bayes discriminant function for clinical classification of common and severe Japanese encephalitis (JE) cases, and to identify cases accurately with quantitative indicators. Methods: Samples of confirmed common and severe JE cases reported by the epidemic surveillance system of Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2005 to 2017 were collected. Non-conditional logistic regression analysis and Bayes stepwise discriminant analysis were used to screen meaningful clinical indicators, so as to construct and evaluate Bayes discriminant function. Results: There were 256 common JE cases and 257 severe JE cases. There were no significant differences in sex, age and occupation distributions between the two groups (P>0.05) and there was significant difference in case fatality rate (P<0.05). Non-conditional logistic regression analysis and Bayes stepwise discriminant analysis, combined with using related literature, to screen 11 clinical indicators for the construction of Bayes discriminant function. Interactive validation showed that the sensitivity of discriminant function was 71.48% (95%CI: 65.53%-76.93%) and the specificity was 73.93% (95%CI: 68.11%-79.19%). The area under ROC curve was 0.761 (95%CI: 0.720-0.803) and the total accuracy rate was 72.71%. Conclusion: Bayes discriminant function can be used to identify common and severe JE cases more accurately, which is helpful for the reasonable treatment and good prognosis of JE patients.

Energy-induced mercury emissions in global supply chain networks: Structural characteristics and policy implications

Mercury emission flows in the global supply chains have evolved into an ever-increasing complex network. However, the underlying structural features remain unknown. Therefore, the global embodied mercury flow network was constructed to reveal the characteristics of energy-induced mercury emissions embodied in international trade at both national and sectoral scales. The small-world nature of the global mercury flows network was identified at both scales. Results showed that the global mercury flow network can be divided into 4 national communities, within which the spillover effects of the interventions in one region spread more easily. Detecting the mercury-intensive supply-chain clusters highlights the importance of monitoring these clusters that dominate mercury emissions in global supply chains, which could offer insights on where policy can be implemented effectively. Moreover, vital regions (e.g., mainland China, the USA, and Germany) and sectors (e.g., Petroleum, Chemical and Non-Metallic Mineral Products, Metal Products and Electrical and Machinery in mainland China) for global mercury control have been unveiled by using an integrated centrality measurement system. Our results highlight that, for the overall mercury reduction, regional and even global collaboration should be enhanced along with efforts in individual regions, and enterprises in these important sectors should invest more to green their cluster-wise supply chains.

[Risk factors of gout in Jinchang cohort: a Cox regression analysis]

Objective: To explore the incidence and risk factors of gout in Jinchang cohort and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of gout. Methods: People without gout detected by baseline survey in Jinchang cohort were selected as study subjects. All the subjects were followed up through questionnaire interview, physical examination as well as laboratory test from January 24, 2013 to November 24, 2015. Cox regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for gout in Jinchang cohort. In addition, log-linear model was used to analyze the interaction between risk factors. Results: A total of 33 153 subjects were followed up, and there were 277 newly diagnosed gout cases in the cohort. The overall incidence of gout was 0.8%. The incidence of gout in males was higher than that in the females, but the incidence of gout in males and females was similar after the age of 60 years. Cox regression analysis showed that age >40 years (at age 40 to 59 years: HR=2.982, 95%CI: 1.503-5.981; at age 60 to 91 years: HR=2.588, 95%CI: 1.107-6.049), alcohol abuse (HR=2.234, 95% CI: 1.128-4.427), obesity (HR=2.204, 95% CI: 1.216-3.997), diabetes (HR=2.725, 95% CI: 1.500-4.950) and high uric acid (HR=5.963, 95%CI: 3.577-9.943) were risk factors for gout, while weekly beans intake ≥0.25 kg (HR=0.528, 95%CI: 0.345-0.808) and regular physical exercise (HR=0.499, 95% CI: 0.286-0.869) were protective factors for gout. The analysis with log-linear model showed that there were two order effects between the risk factors. Conclusions: Age, beans intake, alcohol abuse, physical exercises, obesity, diabetes and high uric acid were important factors influencing the incidence of gout. It is important to have healthy lifestyle and dietary habits, receive regular health examination to prevent and control the incidence of gout in this cohort.

[Mosquitoes, midges and related arboviruses in southeast Sichuan province]

Objective: To investigate the distribution patterns of mosquitoes, midges and related arboviruses in Sichuan province. Methods: Blood-sucking insects were collected from houses and pens, using the ultraviolet lights. Mosquito samples were classified according to morphologic characteristics and then stored at liquid nitrogen. All samples were incubated with BHK-21 and C6/36 cells for virus isolation and then detected for their viral genes. Sequences of the virus were identified and analyzed by molecular biological software, such as BioEdit 7.0.5.3, MEGA 6.0. Results: In total, 17 019 mosquitoes from 3 genera and 4 species and 12 700 midges were collected from the southeast regions of Sichuan province in 2016 and 2017. Among them, 79.4% (13 519/17 019) belonged to Culex tritaeniorhynchus with 11.1% (1 897/17 019) as Armigeres subalbatus, 5.5% (930/17 019) were Anopheles sinensis and 4.0% (673/17 019) were Anopheles sinensis 3 virus strains that isolated from Culex tritaeniorhynchus were identified as typeⅠ Japanese encephalitis virus. Seven pools of mosquitoes isolated from Hejiang county were identified Japanese encephalitis virus gene positive through PCR amplification. With 4 pool midges were detected positive for Akabane virus through PCR gene amplification while midges samples didn't have virus isolates. Conclusions: Culex tritaeniorhynchus appeared the predominant species in the southeast regions of Sichuan. Japanese encephalitis virus transmitted by mosquitoes and Akabane virus by midges were prevalent in southeast Sichuan province.

[Association between fatty liver and type 2 diabetes in the baseline population of Jinchang Cohort]

Objective: To explore the association between fatty liver and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the baseline-population of Jinchang cohort study. Methods: Data from all the participants involved in the baseline-population of Jinchang cohort study was used, to compare the risks of T2DM in fatty liver and non fatty liver groups and to explore the interaction between family history or fatty liver of diabetes and the prevalence of T2DM. Results: Among all the 46 861 participants, 10 574 were diagnosed as having fatty liver (22.56%), with the standardized rate as 20.66%. Another 3 818 participants were diagnosed as having T2DM (8.15%) with standardized rate as 6.90%. The prevalence of T2DM increased in parallel with the increase of age (trend χ(2)=2 833.671, trend P<0.001). The prevalence of T2DM in the fatty liver group was significantly higher than that in the non-fatty liver group, both in men or women and in the overall population. Compared with the group of non-fatty liver, the risks of T2DM in fatty liver group were seen 1.78 times higher in males, 2.33 times in women and 2.10 times in the overall population, after adjustment for factors as age, levels of education, smoking, drinking, physical exercise, BMI, family history of diabetes and some metabolic indicators (pressure, TC, TG, uric acid, ALT, AST, gamma-glutamyl transferase). Date from the interaction model showed that fatty liver and family history of diabetes present a positive additive interaction on T2DM (RERI=1.18, 95%CI: 0.59-1.78; AP=0.24, 95%CI: 0.14-0.34; S=1.43, 95%CI: 1.21-1.69). Conclusions: Fatty liver could significantly increase the risk of T2DM and a positive additive interaction was also observed between fatty liver and family history of diabetes on T2DM. It was important to strengthen the prevention program on T2DM, in order to effectively control the development of fatty liver.

Evaluation of overall survival rate of different therapies in the treatment of T1-T3 prostate cancer: a network meta-analysis

We performed this network meta-analysis (NMA) in order to compare the overall survival rate of six different therapies of T1-T3 prostate cancer (PC). The therapies include radiotherapy (RT), endocrine therapy (ET), Cryoablation (CRYO), radical prostatectomy (RP), RT+ET and RP+ET. Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Web of Science and MEDLINE were searched to collect relevant literature from the inception of the study till February 2017. Cohort studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the study. A combination of direct and indirect evidence was performed to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) and draw surface under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRA). Nine eligible cohort studies were included in this NMA, including 20,644 patients suffering from T1-T3 PC. The pairwise meta-analysis revealed that compared with the ET regimen, the RP and RP+ET regimens exhibited comparatively higher overall survival rates (OR = 2.81, 95%CI = 2.09 ~ 3.78; OR = 3.15，95%CI = 1.80 ~ 5.50, respectively). The results of SUCRA values demonstrated that the RP + ET regimen occupied the first place (89.5%) in terms of overall survival rate, and the RP regimen came second (84.83%). Thus, the RP+ET regimen had better efficacy in the treatment of T1-T3 PC in combined-therapeutic regimens, and the RP regimen presented better efficacy in mono-therapeutic regimen. Our findings indicate that the RP+ET regimen had better efficacy on improving the overall survival rate of T1-T3 PC patients, and the RP regimen ranked second.

[The impact of stress and personality on resilience of patients with ulcerative colitis]

Objective: To study relevant factors that influence psychological resilience in patients with ulcerative colitis(UC), especially the role of perceived stress and personality. Methods: Patients with UC were recruited from January 2015 to December 2016 in the First Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Education levels, income, duration of disease, Mayo score and disease phenotype according to Montreal classification were collected. Resilience was measured using Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). Perceived stress was measured by perceived stress scale (PSS). Personality was evaluated using Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ). Univariate analyses were conducted to determine the correlation of variables with resilience and thereafter those statistically significant were reanalyzed via a multivariate regression model. Results: A total of 188 patients with UC were finally recruited. Univariate analyses demonstrated resilience was inversely associated with perceived stress, Mayo score and neuroticism. Extraversion, income, college education were positively related to resilience. However, multivariate analyses revealed that perceived stress(OR=0.901, 95%CI 0.833-0.975), extraversion (OR=1.257, 95%CI 1.087-1.454), neuroticism (OR=0.818, 95%CI 0.679-0.985), Mayo score (OR=0.856, 95%CI 0.742-0.988) and income (OR=6.411, 95%CI 2.136-9.244) were significantly related to resilience. Conclusions: Resilience of UC patients is not only associated with disease activity, but also with personality, perceived stress and income.

Global land-water nexus: Agricultural land and freshwater use embodied in worldwide supply chains

As agricultural land and freshwater inextricably interrelate and interact with each other, the conventional water and land policy in "silos" should give way to nexus thinking when formulating the land and water management strategies. This study constructs a systems multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model to expound global land-water nexus by simultaneously tracking agricultural land and freshwater use flows along the global supply chains. Furthermore, land productivity and irrigation water requirements of 160 crops in different regions are investigated to reflect the land-water linkage. Results show that developed economies (e.g., USA and Japan) and major large developing economies (e.g., mainland China and India) are the overriding drivers of agricultural land and freshwater use globally. In general, significant net transfers of these two resources are identified from resource-rich and less-developed economies to resource-poor and more-developed economies. For some crops, blue water productivity is inversely related to land productivity, indicating that irrigation water consumption is sometimes at odds with land use. The results could stimulus international cooperation for sustainable land and freshwater management targeting on original suppliers and final consumers along the global supply chains. Moreover, crop-specific land-water linkage could provide insights for trade-off decisions on minimizing the environmental impacts on local land and water resources.

[Application of three-dimensional visualization in pancreatic tumor: a pilot study]

Objective: To study the value of three-dimensional(3D) visualization in the diagnosis and surgical treatment for pancreatic tumor. Methods: From June to September 2016, 26 patients with pancreatic tumors in Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University were involved. The study included 26 patients(8 females and 18 males) with mean age of (57±12)years (ranging from 23 to 77 years). And there were 20 malignant tumors and 6 benign tumors. All of them were examined with abdominal thin slice CT scanning and the CT images were imported into 3D visualization system for 3D visualization. The main elements examined by 3D visualization included tumor shape, size, and location; distribution and morphology of the peripancreatic lymph node; the relationships among neoplasms, organs and blood vessels. Results: Among the 26 patients, there were 21 cases with pancreatic cancer, of which 15 cases successfully underwent standard pancreatectomy. All patients were operated underwent accurate assessment. The 3D model demonstrated the origination and bifurcations of blood vessels, and the relationships among neoplasms, organs and blood vessels efficiently. The 3D technique could facilitate to evaluate response of neiadjuvant chemotherapy in the pancreatic cancer patients (n=5).3D reconstruction could detect the lymph-node metastases accurately (n=12) in patients with pancreatic cancer. 3D reconstruction were applied to evaluate the the size and range of tumor on 5 cases. Conclusions: 3D reconstruction allows stereoscopic identification of the spatial relationships between physiologic and pathologic structures.The 3D technique could facilitate to evaluate distribution and morphology of the peripancreatic lymph node, and to evaluate the relationships among neoplasms, organs and blood vessels.