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Davis JA. He Loves Me Not. QJM 2016; 109:359. [PMID: 26612260 PMCID: PMC4888326 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcv187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Post DM, Wallace LS, Davis JA, Clinchot D. Student dissatisfaction with an integrated community health education service learning project. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2016; 50:582-583. [PMID: 27072470 DOI: 10.1111/medu.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Tsui I, Havunjian MA, Davis JA, Giaconi JA. Snapshot of Teleretinal Screening for Diabetic Retinopathy at the West Los Angeles Medical Center. Telemed J E Health 2016; 22:843-846. [PMID: 26985625 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2015.0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The West Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center is a large urban facility with a robust teleretinal screening program in primary care clinic, established in 2006. The purpose of this article is to provide a snapshot of teleretinal screening at this site. METHODS Diabetic patients from 2012 were analyzed with a prospective cohort study. Demographic information, results of teleretinal screening, referral to eye clinic, and loss to follow-up (defined as no eye care within 2 years) were collected. RESULTS Of 516 patients with diabetes screened with teleretinal imaging, 120 patient charts were reviewed for data analysis. Teleretinal imaging diagnosed 15% (18/120) of patients with varying stages of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR). Of patients screened, 55.8% (67/120) of the patients were referred to an eye clinic for further ophthalmic evaluation. Nondiabetic retinopathy reasons for eye clinic referral included glaucoma suspect (13.3%, 16/120) and age-related macular degeneration (10.0%, 12/120). Of all patients screened, 37.5% (45/120) of them were lost to follow-up, defined as no teleretinal screening or eye clinic appointment within 2 years. Patients who lived farther away from clinic had a higher risk of loss to follow-up (p = 0.04). DISCUSSION We found, although only 15% of patients were diagnosed with DR from teleretinal screening, more than 50% of patients were referred to eye clinic. In addition, of all screened patients, there was a high rate of not returning to the Veterans Affairs (VA) for eye care.
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Stewart DE, Tlusty SM, Taylor KH, Brown RS, Neil HN, Klassen DK, Davis JA, Daly TM, Camp PC, Doyle AM. Trends and Patterns in Reporting of Patient Safety Situations in Transplantation. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:3123-33. [PMID: 26560245 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Analysis and dissemination of transplant patient safety data are essential to understanding key issues facing the transplant community and fostering a "culture of safety." The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network's (OPTN) Operations and Safety Committee de-identified safety situations reported through several mechanisms, including the OPTN's online patient safety portal, through which the number of reported cases has risen sharply. From 2012 to 2013, 438 events were received through either the online portal or other reporting pathways, and about half were self-reports. Communication breakdowns (22.8%) and testing issues (16.0%) were the most common types. Events included preventable errors that led to organ discard as well as near misses. Among events reported by Organ Procurement Organization (OPOs), half came from just 10 of the 58 institutions, while half of events reported by transplant centers came from just 21 of 250 institutions. Thirteen (23%) OPOs and 155 (62%) transplant centers reported no events, suggesting substantial underreporting of safety-related errors to the national database. This is the first comprehensive, published report of the OPTN's safety efforts. Our goals are to raise awareness of safety data recently reported to the OPTN, encourage additional reporting, and spur systems improvements to mitigate future risk.
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Antun A, Monahan PE, Manco-Johnson MJ, Callaghan MU, Kanin M, Knoll C, Carpenter SL, Davis JA, Guerrera MF, Kruse-Jarres R, Ragni MV, Witmer C, McCracken CE, Kempton CL. Inhibitor recurrence after immune tolerance induction: a multicenter retrospective cohort study. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:1980-8. [PMID: 26382916 PMCID: PMC4639409 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune tolerance induction (ITI) in patients with congenital hemophilia A is successful in up to 70%. Although there is growing understanding of predictors of response to ITI, the probability and predictors of inhibitor recurrence after successful ITI are not well understood. OBJECTIVES To determine the association of clinical characteristics, particularly adherence to factor VIII (FVIII) prophylaxis after ITI, with inhibitor recurrence in patients with hemophilia A who were considered tolerant after ITI. METHODS In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, 64 subjects with FVIII level < 2% who were considered successfully tolerant after ITI were analyzed to estimate the cumulative probability of inhibitor recurrence using the Kaplan-Meier method. The association of clinical characteristics with inhibitor recurrence was assessed using logistic regression. RESULTS A recurrent inhibitor titer ≥ 0.6 BU mL(-1) occurred at least once in 19 (29.7%) and more than once in 12 (18.8%). The probability of any recurrent inhibitor at 1 and 5 years was 12.8% and 32.5%, respectively. Having a recurrent inhibitor was associated with having received immune modulation during ITI (odds ratio [OR] 3.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-22.4) and FVIII recovery of < 85% at the end of ITI (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3-5.9) but was not associated with adherence to post-ITI prophylactic FVIII infusion (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.06-4.3). CONCLUSIONS The use of immune modulation therapy during ITI and lower FVIII recovery at the end of ITI appear to be associated with an increased risk of inhibitor recurrence after successful ITI. Adherence to post-ITI prophylactic FVIII infusions is not a major determinant of recurrence.
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Maxwell JR, Zhang Y, Brown WA, Smith CL, Byrne FR, Fiorino M, Stevens E, Bigler J, Davis JA, Rottman JB, Budelsky AL, Symons A, Towne JE. Differential Roles for Interleukin-23 and Interleukin-17 in Intestinal Immunoregulation. Immunity 2015; 43:739-50. [PMID: 26431947 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-23 (IL-23) and IL-17 are cytokines currently being targeted in clinical trials. Although inhibition of both of these cytokines is effective for treating psoriasis, IL-12 and IL-23 p40 inhibition attenuates Crohn's disease, whereas IL-17A or IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) inhibition exacerbates Crohn's disease. This dichotomy between IL-23 and IL-17 was effectively modeled in the multidrug resistance-1a-ablated (Abcb1a(-/-)) mouse model of colitis. IL-23 inhibition attenuated disease by decreasing colonic inflammation while enhancing regulatory T (Treg) cell accumulation. Exacerbation of colitis by IL-17A or IL-17RA inhibition was associated with severe weakening of the intestinal epithelial barrier, culminating in increased colonic inflammation and accelerated mortality. These data show that IL-17A acts on intestinal epithelium to promote barrier function and provide insight into mechanisms underlying exacerbation of Crohn's disease when IL-17A or IL-17RA is inhibited.
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Rice CE, Norris AH, Davis JA, Lynch CD, Fields KS, Ervin M, Turner AN. P11.07 The spectrum of sexual behaviours among msm and associations with prevalent sexually transmitted infections and hiv. Br J Vener Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052270.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Bazan JA, Reese PC, Esber A, Lahey S, Ervin M, Davis JA, Fields K, Turner AN. High prevalence of rectal gonorrhea and Chlamydia infection in women attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2015; 24:182-9. [PMID: 25692800 PMCID: PMC4363910 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2014.4948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testing women for urogenital Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is common in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics. However, women may not be routinely tested for rectal GC/CT. This may lead to missed infections in women reporting anal intercourse (AI). METHODS This was a retrospective review of all women who underwent rectal GC/CT testing from August 2012 to June 2013 at an STD clinic in Columbus, Ohio. All women who reported AI in the last year had a rectal swab collected for GC/CT nucleic acid amplification testing (n=331). Using log-binomial regression models, we computed unadjusted and adjusted associations for demographic and behavioral factors associated with rectal GC/CT infection. RESULTS Participants (n=331) were 47% African-American, with median age of 29 years. Prevalence of rectal GC was 6%, rectal CT was 13%, and either rectal infection was 19%. Prevalence of urogenital GC and CT was 7% and 13% respectively. Among women with rectal GC, 14% tested negative for urogenital GC. Similarly, 14% of women with rectal CT tested negative for urogenital CT. In unadjusted analyses, there was increased rectal GC prevalence among women reporting sex in the last year with an injection drug user, with a person exchanging sex for drugs or money, with anonymous partners, and while intoxicated/high on alcohol or illicit drugs. After multivariable adjustment, no significant associations persisted, but a trend of increased rectal GC prevalence was observed for women <26 years of age (p=0.06) and those reporting sex while intoxicated/high on alcohol or drugs (p=0.05). For rectal CT, only age <26 years was associated with prevalent infection in unadjusted models; this association strengthened after multivariable adjustment (prevalence ratio: 6.03; 95% confidence interval: 2.29-15.90). CONCLUSION Nearly one in five women who reported AI in the last year had rectal GC or CT infection. Urogenital testing alone would have missed 14% of rectal infections. Standardized guidelines would increase rectal GC/CT testing in women and help detect missed infections.
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Jackson CR, Davis JA, Frye JG, Barrett JB, Hiott LM. Diversity of Plasmids and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Healthy Companion Animals. Zoonoses Public Health 2015; 62:479-88. [PMID: 25653018 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The presence and transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes from commensal bacteria in companion animals to more pathogenic bacteria may contribute to dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. The purpose of this study was to determine antimicrobial resistance gene content and the presence of genetic elements in antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli from healthy companion animals. In our previous study, from May to August, 2007, healthy companion animals (155 dogs and 121 cats) from three veterinary clinics in the Athens, GA, USA area were sampled and multidrug-resistant E. coli (n = 36; MDR, resistance to ≥ 2 antimicrobial classes) were obtained. Of the 25 different plasmid replicon types tested by PCR, at least one plasmid replicon type was detected in 94% (34/36) of the MDR E. coli; four isolates contained as many as five different plasmid replicons. Nine replicon types (FIA, FIB, FII, I2, A/C, U, P, I1 and HI2) were identified with FIB, FII, I2 as the most common pattern. The presence of class I integrons (intI) was detected in 61% (22/36) of the isolates with eight isolates containing aminoglycoside- and/or trimethoprim-resistance genes in the variable cassette region of intI. Microarray analysis of a subset of the MDR E. coli (n = 9) identified the presence of genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides (aac, aad, aph and strA/B), β-lactams (ampC, cmy, tem and vim), chloramphenicol (cat), sulfonamides (sulI and sulII), tetracycline [tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(D) and regulator, tetR] and trimethoprim (dfrA). Antimicrobial resistance to eight antimicrobials (ampicillin, cefoxitin, ceftiofur, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, streptomycin, gentamicin, sulfisoxazole and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) and five plasmid replicons (FIA, FIB, FII, I1 and I2) were transferred via conjugation. The presence of antimicrobial resistance genes, intI and transferable plasmid replicons indicate that E. coli from companion animals may play an important role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance, particularly to human hosts during contact.
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Vaughn JL, Rickborn LR, Davis JA. Patients' Attitudes Toward Medical Student Participation Across Specialties: A Systematic Review. TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MEDICINE 2015; 27:245-253. [PMID: 26158326 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2015.1044750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Phenomenon: Medical students commonly participate in patient care in a variety of different settings. However, a systematic review of patients' attitudes toward medical student participation across specialties has not been performed. APPROACH The authors searched 7 databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science) between January 1, 1999, and August 5, 2014. Two authors independently screened the results and selected articles that were written in English, were published in a peer-reviewed journal, and used a structured or semistructured survey or interview to determine patients' attitudes toward medical student participation in their care. Study quality was assessed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument. FINDINGS Fifty-nine studies were included. Average study quality was low. Sixty-one unique evaluation instruments were used, and 34 instruments (56%) lacked validity data. Patient satisfaction was not significantly affected by medical student participation. However, patients' acceptance of medical student participation varied widely between studies and depended on the type of participation. The most common reason for acceptance was a desire to contribute to the education of others, and the most common reason for refusal was concerns about privacy. Minorities were more likely to refuse medical student participation. Patients preferred to be informed before medical students participated in their care. Insights: Patient satisfaction is not significantly affected by medical student participation. However, patient satisfaction may be a poor surrogate marker of patients' acceptance of medical students. Future research should employ validated evaluation instruments to further explore patients' attitudes toward medical student participation.
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Rice CE, Norris AH, Davis JA, Lynch CD, Fields KS, Ervin M, Turner AN. Body image and sexually transmissible infection prevalence among men who have sex with men. Sex Health 2015; 12:467-8. [PMID: 26188681 DOI: 10.1071/sh15086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Compared with men who have sex with women, some evidence suggests that men who have sex with men (MSM) have increased prevalence of body image dissatisfaction. MSM also have a higher prevalence of sexually transmissible infections (STIs) than other population groups. As part of a cross-sectional study, body image among 104 MSM using the standardised, validated Male Body Attitudes Scale was assessed. Associations between body image and prevalent STI were examined. Body image was not associated with prevalent STI in unadjusted [prevalence ratio (PR): 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.86-1.52] or adjusted analyses (PR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.89-1.53).
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Anderson EM, Davis JA. Field evaluation of the response of Aedes albopictus (Stegomyia albopicta) to three oviposition attractants and different ovitrap placements using black and clear autocidal ovitraps in a rural area of Same, Timor-Leste. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 28:372-383. [PMID: 24805793 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Known oviposition attractants or stimulants were compared, singly and in combination, using inexpensive autocidal ovitraps designed to trap emerging adults, in a rural area of Timor-Leste during the dry season. In this area, the dengue vector Aedes albopictus (Stegomyia albopicta) Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae) was abundant, but Aedes aegypti (Stegomyia aegypti) L. was not detected. The attractants were: (a) a compound found in Aedes eggs (dodecanoic acid); (b) components of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium-based (NPK) fertilizer, and (c) infusions of discarded cigarette butts. A solution of ammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate was significantly more attractive to gravid Ae. albopictus than water only. Dodecanoic acid and cigarette butt infusions were not significantly more attractive than the control; however, they attracted various other Diptera and many non-culicid larvae developed in ovitraps in which these substances were used; thus, the presence of eggs or larvae of other species may have deterred Aedes oviposition. Significantly more Aedes eggs were found in ovitraps under vegetation than in ovitraps placed inside houses or against external walls. Clear-sided ovitraps in which black mesh was placed over a black ring floating on the water surface collected significantly fewer eggs than black ovitraps with identically placed mesh and rings.
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Turner AN, Carr Reese P, Fields KS, Anderson J, Ervin M, Davis JA, Fichorova RN, Roberts MW, Klebanoff MA, Jackson RD. A blinded, randomized controlled trial of high-dose vitamin D supplementation to reduce recurrence of bacterial vaginosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 211:479.e1-479.e13. [PMID: 24949544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low serum vitamin D levels have been associated with increased prevalence of the reproductive tract condition bacterial vaginosis (BV). The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on BV recurrence. STUDY DESIGN This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial enrolled 118 women with symptomatic BV from an urban sexually transmitted disease clinic (clinicaltrials.gov registration NCT01450462). All participants received 500 mg of oral metronidazole twice daily for 7 days. Intervention participants (n = 59) also received 9 doses of 50,000 IU of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) over 24 weeks; control women (n = 59) received matching placebo. Recurrent BV was assessed via Nugent scoring after 4, 12, and 24 weeks. We assessed the effect of the intervention using an intention-to-treat approach, fitting Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate recurrent BV over the follow-up period. RESULTS Most participants (74%) were black, with a median age of 26 years. Median presupplementation serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was similar across randomization arms: 16.6 ng/mL in the vitamin D arm and 15.8 ng/mL in the control arm. At trial completion, median 25(OH)D among women receiving vitamin D was 30.5 ng/mL, vs 17.8 ng/mL in control women; 16% of women receiving vitamin D and 57% receiving placebo remained vitamin D deficient (<20 ng/mL). BV prevalence among women randomized to vitamin D was very similar to those randomized to placebo at the 4- and 12-week visits, but by the 24-week visit, BV prevalence was 65% among women in the vitamin D arm and 48% among control women. BV recurrence was not reduced by vitamin D supplementation (intention-to-treat hazard ratio, 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.81). Among women experiencing recurrent BV, median time to recurrence was 13.7 weeks in the vitamin D arm and 14.3 weeks in the control arm. CONCLUSION Women receiving vitamin D experienced significant increases in serum 25(OH)D, but this increase was not associated with decreased BV recurrence in this high-risk sexually transmitted disease clinic population.
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Davis JA, Jackson CR, Fedorka-Cray PJ, Barrett JB, Brousse JH, Gustafson J, Kucher M. Carriage of methicillin-resistant staphylococci by healthy companion animals in the US. Lett Appl Microbiol 2014; 59:1-8. [PMID: 24730724 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci have been associated with wounded or ill companion animals, but little is known about the prevalence of resistant staphylococci among healthy animals. In this study, 276 healthy dogs and cats from veterinary clinics were tested for the presence of antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus spp. Isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of select resistance genes, and typed using Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius were also characterized using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), spa typing and SCCmec typing. Approximately 5% (14/276) of the animals were positive by enrichment for five species of staphylococci [Staph. aureus (n = 11), Staph. pseudintermedius (n = 4), Staphylococcus sciuri (n = 6), Staphylococcus simulans (n = 1) and Staphylococcus warneri (n = 1)]. Seventy-eight per cent (18/23) of staphylococci were resistant to oxacillin and also multidrug resistant (resistance to ≥ 2 antimicrobials). All Staph. aureus isolates were mecA+ and blaZ+, SCCmec type II, spa type t002, ST5 and clonal using PFGE. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius were SCCmec type IV or V, spa type t06 and ST170; two of the isolates were pvl(+) . These results suggest that healthy companion animals may be a reservoir of multidrug-resistant staphylococci, which may be transferred to owners and others who handle companion animals. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In this study, antimicrobial-resistant coagulase-negative and coagulase-positive staphylococci were isolated from various body sites on healthy dogs and cats. Resistance to 14 antimicrobials was observed including resistance to oxacillin; the majority of staphylococci were also multidrug resistant. Results from this study suggest that healthy dogs and cats may act as reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria that may be transferred to people by simple interaction with the animals. Such carriage poses an underlying risk of infection, which should be considered during handling of healthy dogs and cats by pet owners and veterinary personnel.
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Wosula EN, Davis JA, Clark CA. Stylet penetration behaviors of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on four Ipomoea spp. infected or noninfected with sweet potato potyviruses. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 107:538-545. [PMID: 24772532 DOI: 10.1603/ec13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Myzus persicae (Sulzer) is an efficient vector of potyviruses in sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.). These potyviruses also infect members of the morning glory family Ipomoea cordatotriloba Dennstedt and Ipomoea hederacea Jacqin commonly found within or around sweet potato fields. Infection of sweet potato with potyviruses increases the intrinsic rate of increase of M. persicae. Thus, from the epidemiological stand point, virus infection can modify vector population dynamics, and therefore increase virus spread. To better understand this, stylet penetration behaviors of M. persicae on virus infected and noninfected sweet potato cvs. 'Beauregard' and 'Evangeline', as well as morning glory plants I. cordatotriloba and I. hederacea were monitored. Stylet penetration behaviors associated with nonpersistent virus transmission such as time to first intracellular puncture (potential drop), number of potential drops, duration of potential drop, duration of potential drop subphase II-3, and number of potential drops with subphase II-3 pulses were significantly increased on virus-infected compared with noninfected Beauregard, but greatly reduced on virus-infected compared with noninfected I. hederacea plants. Stylet penetration behaviors associated with host acceptance such as reduced nonprobing duration and nonprobing events were greater on virus-infected compared with noninfected Beauregard plants. In contrast, on Evangeline, I. cordatotriloba and I. hederacea stylet penetration behaviors by M. persicae indicate it had less preference for virus-infected compared with noninfected plants.
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Richards GH, Wilk KE, Curmi PMG, Davis JA. Disentangling Electronic and Vibrational Coherence in the Phycocyanin-645 Light-Harvesting Complex. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:43-49. [PMID: 26276179 DOI: 10.1021/jz402217j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Energy transfer between chromophores in photosynthesis proceeds with near-unity quantum efficiency. Understanding the precise mechanisms of these processes is made difficult by the complexity of the electronic structure and interactions with different vibrational modes. Two-dimensional spectroscopy has helped resolve some of the ambiguities and identified quantum effects that may be important for highly efficient energy transfer. Many questions remain, however, including whether the coherences observed are electronic and/or vibrational in nature and what role they play. We utilize a two-color, four-wave mixing experiment with control of the wavelength and polarization to selectively excite specific coherence pathways. For the light-harvesting complex PC645, from cryptophyte algae, we reveal and identify specific contributions from both electronic and vibrational coherences and determine an excited-state structure based on two strongly coupled electronic states and two vibrational modes. Separation of the coherence pathways also uncovers the complex evolution of these coherences and the states involved.
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Tarleton AA, Faust KC, Davis JA. Empty toe phenomenon: a big problem for a little toe. Skeletal Radiol 2014; 43:71-4. [PMID: 23907280 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-013-1690-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The authors present a case report and review of the sparse literature of a rare closed degloving injury to the toe, referred to by Flaherty as an "empty toe phenomenon." A 25-year-old man sustained a twisting injury to his left foot when he was involved in a motorcycle accident. The skin was not lacerated around the toe but on physical exam it appeared that part of the toe was empty of its bony contents.
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Pullen MG, Gaffney NS, Hall CR, Davis JA, Dubrouil A, Le HV, Buividas R, Day D, Quiney HM, Dao LV. High-order harmonic generation from a dual-gas, multi-jet array with individual gas jet control. OPTICS LETTERS 2013; 38:4204-4207. [PMID: 24321960 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.004204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a gas jet array for use in high-order harmonic generation experiments. Precise control of the pressure in each individual gas jet has allowed a thorough investigation into mechanisms contributing to the selective enhancement observed in the harmonic spectra produced by dual-gas, multi-jet arrays. Our results reveal that in our case, the dominant enhancement mechanism is the result of a compression of the harmonic-producing gas jet due to the presence of other gas jets in the array. The individual control of the gas jets in the array also provides a promising method for enhancing the harmonic yield by precise tailoring of the length and pressure gradient of the interaction region.
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Wosula EN, Davis JA, Clark CA. Population dynamics of three aphid species (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on four Ipomoea spp. infected or noninfected with sweetpotato potyviruses. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2013; 106:1566-1573. [PMID: 24020267 DOI: 10.1603/ec12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Three aphid species, Aphis gossypii Glover and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (efficient sweetpotato potyvirus vectors) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (an inefficient vector), are commonly found in sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.), in Louisiana. Field-grown sweet potatoes are naturally infected with several potyviruses: Sweet potato feathery mottle virus, Sweet potato virus G, and Sweet potato virus 2. Thus, these aphids commonly encounter virus-infected hosts. What is not known is how each of these aphids responds to sweet potato, either infected or virus-free. The objectives of this study were to 1) determine if these aphid species can colonize mixed virus-infected sweet potato 'Beauregard', and if so, 2) determine the effects of virus infection on the population dynamics of each aphid. A. gossypii failed to larviposit and R. padi deposited a single nymph that died within a day on mixed virus-infected Beauregard. M. persicae larviposited and colonized Beauregard and further life-table analyses were warranted. M. persicae had a significantly greater reproduction on sweet potato cultivars Beauregard and 'Evangeline' with mixed virus infection compared with noninfected plants. On morning glory species, Ipomoea cordatotriloba (Dennestedt) and Ipomoea hederacea (Jacquin), M. persicae had a significantly lower reproduction on Sweet potato feathery mottle virus-infected compared with noninfected plants.
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Temple JH, Davis JA, Micinski S, Hardke JT, Price P, Leonard BR. Species composition and seasonal abundance of stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Louisiana soybean. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2013; 42:648-57. [PMID: 23905727 DOI: 10.1603/en11135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In Louisiana during the last decade, the redbanded stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood), has become a significant and yield-limiting pest of soybean. The redbanded stink bug was previously reported in the United States in 1892, but was never considered an economically important pest until recently. Soybeans representing four maturity groups (MG) III, IV, V, and VI were sampled weekly from beginning bloom (R1) to physiological maturity (R8) during 2008-2010 at five locations across Louisiana to determine the Pentatomidae composition. In total, 13,146 stink bugs were captured and subsequently identified to species. The predominant species included the redbanded stink bug (54.2%); southern green stink bug (27.1%), Nezara viridula L.; brown stink bug (6.6%), Euschistus servus (Say); and green stink bug (5.5%), Acrosternum hilare (Say). Redbanded stink bug comprised the largest percentage of the complex collected at four of the five survey sites. Numbers exceeding action thresholds of this stink bug complex were only detected during R4 to R7 growth stages. Redbanded stink bug accounted for the largest percentage of the stink bug complex in early maturing soybean varieties (MG III [86%] and IV [60%]) and declined in later maturing soybeans (MG V [54%] and VI [50%]). The redbanded stink bug was initially identified in southern Louisiana during 2000 and had been reported in all soybean producing regions in Louisiana by 2006. This survey is the first to report the redbanded stink bug as a predominant pest of soybeans from locations within the United States.
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Martin SI, Way DP, Verbeck N, Nagel R, Davis JA, Vandre DD. The impact of lecture attendance and other variables on how medical students evaluate faculty in a preclinical program. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2013; 88:972-977. [PMID: 23702517 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0b013e318294e99a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE High-quality audiovisual recording technology enables medical students to listen to didactic lectures without actually attending them. The authors wondered whether in-person attendance affects how students evaluate lecturers. METHOD This is a retrospective review of faculty evaluations completed by first- and second-year medical students at the Ohio State University College of Medicine during 2009-2010. Lecture-capture technology was used to record all lectures. Attendance at lectures was optional; however, all students were required to complete lecturer evaluation forms. Students rated overall instruction using a five-option response scale. They also reported their attendance. The authors used analysis of variance to compare the lecturer ratings of attendees versus nonattendees. The authors included additional independent variables-year of student, student grade/rank in class, and lecturer degree-in the analysis. RESULTS The authors analyzed 12,092 evaluations of 220 lecturers received from 358 students. The average number of evaluations per lecturer was 55. Seventy-four percent (n = 8,968 evaluations) of students attended the lectures they evaluated, whereas 26% (n = 3,124 evaluations) viewed them online. Mean lecturer ratings from attendees was 3.85 compared with 3.80 by nonattendees (P ≤ .05; effect size: 0.055). Student's class grade and year, plus lecturer degree, also affected students' evaluations of lecturers (effect sizes: 0.055-0.3). CONCLUSIONS Students' attendance at lectures, year, and class grade, as well as lecturer degree, affect students' evaluation of lecturers. This finding has ramifications on how student evaluations should be collected, interpreted, and used in promotion and tenure decisions in this evolving medical education environment.
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Rice CE, Fields KS, Ervin M, Norris AH, Lynch C, Davis JA, Turner AN. P3.150 Alternative Sexual Practises and Prevalent STI/HIV Among STD Care-Seeking Men Who Have Sex with Men. Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Turner AN, Reese PC, Ervin M, Davis JA, Fields KS, Bazan JA. HIV, rectal chlamydia, and rectal gonorrhea in men who have sex with men attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic in a midwestern US city. Sex Transm Dis 2013; 40:433-8. [PMID: 23677015 PMCID: PMC3815564 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0b013e31828fd163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men who have sex with men (MSM) who report receptive anal intercourse (RAI) are currently recommended to undergo at least annual screening for rectal Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) infection. METHODS Using standard culture methods, we assessed the prevalence of rectal GC/CT among MSM who reported RAI in the last year (n = 326) at an urban sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic in a midwestern US city. A subset (n = 125) also underwent rectal GC/CT screening via nucleic acid amplification testing. We examined the associations between HIV status and prevalence of rectal GC and rectal CT using unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models. RESULTS The prevalence of rectal GC, rectal CT, and either rectal infection was 9%, 9%, and 15% by culture and 24%, 23%, and 38% by nucleic acid amplification testing, respectively. HIV was not associated with rectal GC prevalence in unadjusted or adjusted analyses. HIV-positive status was significantly associated with increased rectal CT prevalence in unadjusted models (odds ratio, 2.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-4.60); this association increased after multivariable adjustment (odds ratio, 3.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.37-7.19). CONCLUSIONS Men who have sex with men reporting RAI had a high prevalence of rectal GC and rectal CT. HIV-positive status was significantly associated with prevalent rectal CT but not with prevalent rectal GC.
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Kaul DR, Davis JA. Human T cell lymphotrophic virus 1/2 in solid organ transplantation. Am J Transplant 2013; 13 Suppl 4:355-60. [PMID: 23465028 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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