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Deng Z, Ding J, Bu J, Li J, Liu H, Gao P, Gong Z, Qin X, Yang Y, Zhong S. Fluorophore Label-Free Light-up Near Infrared Deoxyribonucleic Acid Nanosensor for Monitoring Extracellular Potassium Levels. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4023-4030. [PMID: 38412242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent DNA nanosensors have been widely used due to their unique advantages, among which the near-infrared (NIR) imaging mode can provide deeper penetration depth and lower biological background for the nanosensors. However, efficient NIR quenchers require ingenious design, complex synthesis, and modification, which severely limit the development of NIR DNA nanosensors. Label-free strategies based on G-quadruplex (G4) and NIR G4 dyes were first introduced into in situ extracellular imaging, and a novel NIR sensing strategy for the specific detection of extracellular targets is proposed. The strategy avoids complex synthesis and site-specific modification by controlling the change of the NIR signal through the formation of a G4 nanostructure. A light-up NIR DNA nanosensor based on potassium ion (K+)-sensitive G4 chain PS2.M was constructed to verify the strategy. PS2.M forms a stable G4 nanostructure in the presence of K+ and activates the NIR G4 dye CSTS, thus outputting NIR signals. The nanosensor can rapidly respond to K+ with a linear range of 5-50 mM and has good resistance to interference. The nanosensor with cholesterol can provide feedback on the changes in extracellular K+ concentration in many kinds of cells, serving as a potential tool for the study of diseases such as epilepsy and cancer, as well as the development of related drugs. The strategy can be potentially applied to the NIR detection of a variety of extracellular targets with the help of functional DNAs such as aptamer and DNAzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Jiacheng Ding
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Bu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Peiru Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Zan Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Xiangxiang Qin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Yanjing Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Shian Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, the "Double-First Class" Application Characteristic Discipline of Hunan Province (Pharmaceutical Science), Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, PR China
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Liu J, Lu J, Ji W, Lu G, Wang J, Ye T, Jiang Y, Zheng J, Yu P, Liu N, Jiang Y, Mao L. Ion-Selective Micropipette Sensor for In Vivo Monitoring of Sodium Ion with Crown Ether-Encapsulated Metal-Organic Framework Subnanopores. Anal Chem 2024; 96:2651-2657. [PMID: 38306178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
In vivo sensing of the dynamics of ions with high selectivity is essential for gaining molecular insights into numerous physiological and pathological processes. In this work, we report an ion-selective micropipette sensor (ISMS) through the integration of functional crown ether-encapsulated metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) synthesized in situ within the micropipette tip. The ISMS features distinctive sodium ion (Na+) conduction and high selectivity toward Na+ sensing. The selectivity is attributed to the synergistic effects of subnanoconfined space and the specific coordination of 18-crown-6 toward potassium ions (K+), which largely increase the steric hindrance and transport resistance for K+ to pass through the ISMS. Furthermore, the ISMS exhibits high stability and sensitivity, facilitating real-time monitoring of Na+ dynamics in the living rat brain during spreading of the depression events process. In light of the diversity of crown ethers and MOFs, we believe this study paves the way for a nanofluidic platform for in vivo sensing and neuromorphic electrochemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jiahao Lu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenliang Ji
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guangwen Lu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tingyan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yisha Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Juanjuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Assis JVB, Ferreira DDS, Bócoli DDA, Brait CHH, Pereira-Filho ER. Direct Determination of Ca, K, and Mg in Soy Leaf Samples Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. Appl Spectrosc 2024; 78:243-250. [PMID: 38083817 DOI: 10.1177/00037028231217974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
This study was dedicated to developing analytical methods for determining macronutrients (Ca, K, and Mg) in soy leaf samples with and without petioles. The study's primary purpose was to present Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) as a viable alternative for directly analyzing leaf samples using chemometric tools to interpret the data obtained. The instrumental condition chosen for LIBS was 70 mJ of laser pulse energy, 1.0 µs of delay time, and 100 µm of spot size, which was applied to 896 samples: 305 of soy without petioles and 591 of soy with petioles. The reference values of the analytes for the proposition of calibration models were obtained using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) technique. Twelve normalization modes and two calibration strategies were tested to minimize signal variations and sample matrix microheterogeneity. The following were studied: multivariate calibration using partial least squares and univariate calibration using the area and height of several selected emission lines. The notable normalization mode for most models was the Euclidean norm. No analyte showed promising results for univariate calibrations. Micronutrients, P and S, were also tested, and no multivariate models presented satisfactory results. The models obtained for Ca, K, and Mg showed good results. The standard error of calibration ranged from 2.3 g/kg for Ca in soy leaves without petioles with two latent variables to 5.0 g/kg for K in soy leaves with petioles with two latent variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Victor Borges Assis
- Group of Analytical Instrumental Analysis (GAIA), Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil
- Exata Brasil, Research and Development Department, Jataí-Goiás, Brazil
| | - Dennis da Silva Ferreira
- Group of Analytical Instrumental Analysis (GAIA), Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edenir Rodrigues Pereira-Filho
- Group of Analytical Instrumental Analysis (GAIA), Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil
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Luo Y, Živković ML, Wang J, Ryneš J, Foldynová-Trantírková S, Trantírek L, Verga D, Mergny JL. A sodium/potassium switch for G4-prone G/C-rich sequences. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:448-461. [PMID: 37986223 PMCID: PMC10783510 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal ions are essential components for the survival of living organisms. For most species, intracellular and extracellular ionic conditions differ significantly. As G-quadruplexes (G4s) are ion-dependent structures, changes in the [Na+]/[K+] ratio may affect the folding of genomic G4s. More than 11000 putative G4 sequences in the human genome (hg19) contain at least two runs of three continuous cytosines, and these mixed G/C-rich sequences may form a quadruplex or a competing hairpin structure based on G-C base pairing. In this study, we examine how the [Na+]/[K+] ratio influences the structures of G/C-rich sequences. The natural G4 structure with a 9-nt long central loop, CEBwt, was chosen as a model sequence, and the loop bases were gradually replaced by cytosines. The series of CEB mutations revealed that the presence of cytosines in G4 loops does not prevent G4 folding or decrease G4 stability but increases the probability of forming a competing structure, either a hairpin or an intermolecular duplex. Slow conversion to the quadruplex in vitro (in a potassium-rich buffer) and cells was demonstrated by NMR. 'Shape-shifting' sequences may respond to [Na+]/[K+] changes with delayed kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Luo
- Laboratoire d’Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
- CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Martina Lenarčič Živković
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Laboratoire d’Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Jan Ryneš
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Lukáš Trantírek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Verga
- CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- Laboratoire d’Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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Wang C, Cao M, Zhao J, Hu A, Liu X, Chen Z, Zhang C, Li H. Epidermal and dermal cells from adult rat eccrine sweat gland-containing skin can reconstruct the three-dimensional structure of eccrine sweat glands. Acta Histochem 2024; 126:152120. [PMID: 38041896 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we have demonstrated that eccrine sweat gland cells (ESGCs) can reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) structure of eccrine sweat glands (ESGs). However, there is still a need to explore source cells capable of regenerating ESG to address the issue of ESG regeneration in ESGC-deficient conditions, such as severe burns. METHODS The epidermal cells and dermal cells in adult rat ventral foot skin (ESG-bearing) were isolated. The isolated single epidermal cells and dermal cells were mixed with Matrigel, and then the mixture was implanted into the axillary/inguinal fat pads of nude mice. Five weeks after implantation, the Matrigel plugs were harvested and the morphology and differentiation of the cells were examined by H&E staining and fluorescent immunohistochemical staining for ESG markers, such as Na+ -K+ -2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1), Na+ -K+ -ATPase (NKA), Foxa1 and K14. RESULTS The epidermal cells and dermal cells of adult rat ventral foot skin can reconstruct 3D structure and express specific markers of ESGs in skin, such as NKCC1, NKA and Foxa1, indicating the ESG-phenotypic differentiation of the 3D structures. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that some 3D structures expressed both the myoepithelial cell marker alpha-SMA and the common marker K14 of duct cells and myoepithelial cells, while some 3D structures expressed only K14, indicating that ESG-like 3D structures differentiated into duct-like and secretory coiled cells. CONCLUSION Epidermal and dermal cells from adult ESG-bearing skin can be used as a cell source for ESG regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cangyu Wang
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Manxiu Cao
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Junhong Zhao
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Anqi Hu
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zihua Chen
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Haihong Li
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China; Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
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6
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Silva FG, Passerini ABS, Ozorio L, Picone CSF, Perrechil FA. Interactions between pea protein and gellan gum for the development of plant-based structures. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128113. [PMID: 37977459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based analogs have been developed to mimic foods from animal sources by using ingredients from vegetable sources. Among the strategies to produce plant-based structures is the gelation of mixtures between plant proteins and polysaccharides. In this study, our aim was to investigate gels of pea proteins and gellan gum with high protein concentration and the addition of salt (potassium and sodium chloride). In the first step, a qualitative mapping was performed to select pea protein and gellan gum concentrations to produce self-sustainable gels. After that, the effect of salt addition was investigated for the formulations containing 10-15 % (wt) pea protein and 0.5-1 % (wt) gellan gum. The results showed that the gels containing potassium ions were more rigid and less deformable, with lesser water loss by syneresis. The morphological analysis showed a spatial exclusion of pea protein from the gel network mainly structured by the gellan gum. While potassium ions led to a more compact network, calcium ions promoted higher pores in the structure. Depending on the composition, the mechanical properties of gels were similar to some products from animal sources. So, the information obtained from these gels can be applied to the structuring of formulations in the development of plant-based analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - A B S Passerini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil.
| | - L Ozorio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - C S F Picone
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - F A Perrechil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil.
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Xiong Z, Zhu D, Lu Y, Lu J, Liao Y, Ren T, Li X. Continuous potassium fertilization combined with straw return increased soil potassium availability and risk of potassium loss in rice-upland rotation systems. Chemosphere 2023; 344:140390. [PMID: 37820877 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Crop residues perform an essential role in the material cycling and energy exchange processes and are commonly used as an organic soil amendment and potassium (K) substitute to enhance field productivity in rice-upland rotation systems. Elucidating the effects of continuous K fertilization combined with straw return on the fate of soil K is of great significance to the scientific application of K fertilization and the sustainable development of the ecological environment. A short-(5 years) and a long-term (38 years) field experiments at the Wuxue (WX) and Wangcheng (WC) sites respectively were conducted to study the effects of continuous K fertilization combined with straw return on soil potassium (K) fertility and loss. Results showed that K fertilization and straw return improved soil K supply capacity significantly. K fertilization (NPK) and straw return (NPK + ST) at WX and WC sites significantly increased soil exchangeable K content (KE) by 27.7%-102.1% and 36.6%-100.0%, respectively, compared with that of the treatment without K (NP). K release kinetics showed that most K+ was released in soil of the NPK+ST treatment, indicating a stronger soil K+ supplying capacity. Long-term K deficit resulted in the conversion of illite to interlayer minerals and kaolinite, which were not detected at the short-term experiment site. Integrated K fertilizer and straw return reduced soil bulk density (BD) and degree of anisotropy (DA), increased fractal dimension (FD) and optimized soil pore structure distribution. Nonetheless, continuous sufficient K input raised the amount of total K loss through runoff and leaching. Compared with that of NP treatment, the total K loss of NPK and NPK + ST treatments were increased by 160.3% and 227.5%, respectively. This strategy contributed to the conversion of bio-waste into resources, sustainable soil K management and scientific K fertilizer application for agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
| | - Yanhong Lu
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, PR China.
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
| | - Yulin Liao
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, PR China.
| | - Tao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
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Kolesnikov ES, Gushchin IY, Zhilyaev PA, Onufriev AV. Why Na+ has higher propensity than K+ to condense DNA in a crowded environment. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:145103. [PMID: 37815107 DOI: 10.1063/5.0159341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimentally, in the presence of the crowding agent polyethylene glycol (PEG), sodium ions compact double-stranded DNA more readily than potassium ions. Here, we have used molecular dynamics simulations and the "ion binding shells model" of DNA condensation to provide an explanation for the observed variations in condensation of short DNA duplexes in solutions containing different monovalent cations and PEG; several predictions are made. According to the model we use, externally bound ions contribute the most to the ion-induced aggregation of DNA duplexes. The simulations reveal that for two adjacent DNA duplexes, the number of externally bound Na+ ions is larger than the number of K+ ions over a wide range of chloride concentrations in the presence of PEG, providing a qualitative explanation for the higher propensity of sodium ions to compact DNA under crowded conditions. The qualitative picture is confirmed by an estimate of the corresponding free energy of DNA aggregation that is at least 0.2kBT per base pair more favorable in solution with NaCl than with KCl at the same ion concentration. The estimated attraction free energy of DNA duplexes in the presence of Na+ depends noticeably on the DNA sequence; we predict that AT-rich DNA duplexes are more readily condensed than GC-rich ones in the presence of Na+. Counter-intuitively, the addition of a small amount of a crowding agent with high affinity for the specific condensing ion may lead to the weakening of the ion-mediated DNA-DNA attraction, shifting the equilibrium away from the DNA condensed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egor S Kolesnikov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Ivan Yu Gushchin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Petr A Zhilyaev
- The Center for Materials Technologies, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Alexey V Onufriev
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, 2160C Torgersen Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
- Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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9
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Ryan M, Gao L, Valiyaveetil FI, Zanni MT, Kananenka AA. Probing Ion Configurations in the KcsA Selectivity Filter with Single-Isotope Labels and 2D IR Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18529-18537. [PMID: 37578394 PMCID: PMC10450685 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The potassium ion (K+) configurations of the selectivity filter of the KcsA ion channel protein are investigated with two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy of amide I vibrations. Single 13C-18O isotope labels are used, for the first time, to selectively probe the S1/S2 or S2/S3 binding sites in the selectivity filter. These binding sites have the largest differences in ion occupancy in two competing K+ transport mechanisms: soft-knock and hard-knock. According to the former, water molecules alternate between K+ ions in the selectivity filter while the latter assumes that K+ ions occupy the adjacent sites. Molecular dynamics simulations and computational spectroscopy are employed to interpret experimental 2D IR spectra. We find that in the closed conductive state of the KcsA channel, K+ ions do not occupy adjacent binding sites. The experimental data is consistent with simulated 2D IR spectra of soft-knock ion configurations. In contrast, the simulated spectra for the hard-knock ion configurations do not reproduce the experimental results. 2D IR spectra of the hard-knock mechanism have lower frequencies, homogeneous 2D lineshapes, and multiple peaks. In contrast, ion configurations of the soft-knock model produce 2D IR spectra with a single peak at a higher frequency and inhomogeneous lineshape. We conclude that under equilibrium conditions, in the absence of transmembrane voltage, both water and K+ ions occupy the selectivity filter of the KcsA channel in the closed conductive state. The ion configuration is central to the mechanism of ion transport through potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
J. Ryan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Lujia Gao
- Department
of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Francis I. Valiyaveetil
- Department
of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Martin T. Zanni
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Alexei A. Kananenka
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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Nicholson DA, Nesbitt DJ. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Control of G-Quadruplex Polymorphism by Na + and K + Cations. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:6842-6855. [PMID: 37504511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
G-Quadruplexes (G4s) are ubiquitous nucleic acid folding motifs that exhibit structural diversity that is dependent on cationic conditions. In this work, we exploit temperature-controlled single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) to elucidate the kinetic and thermodynamic mechanisms by which monovalent cations (K+ and Na+) impact folding topologies for a simple G-quadruplex sequence (5'-GGG-(TAAGGG)3-3') with a three-state folding equilibrium. Kinetic measurements indicate that Na+ and K+ influence G4 formation in two distinctly different ways: the presence of Na+ modestly enhances an antiparallel G4 topology through an induced fit (IF) mechanism with a low affinity (Kd = 228 ± 26 mM), while K+ drives G4 into a parallel/hybrid topology via a conformational selection (CS) mechanism with much higher affinity (Kd = 1.9 ± 0.2 mM). Additionally, temperature-dependent studies of folding rate constants and equilibrium ratios reveal distinctly different thermodynamic driving forces behind G4 binding to K+ (ΔH°bind > 0, ΔS°bind > 0) versus Na+ (ΔH°bind < 0, ΔS°bind < 0), which further illuminates the diversity of the possible pathways for monovalent facilitation of G-quadruplex folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Nicholson
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - David J Nesbitt
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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11
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Wang Q, Ma X, Wang S, Cao Z, Hua Z, Zhong H. A green process for the conversion of hazardous sintering dust into K 2SO 4 and NH 4Cl fertilizers. J Environ Manage 2023; 326:116676. [PMID: 36368205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sintering dust from the steelmaking industry is a hazardous waste that is rich in valuable metals. The purpose with the present study has been to design an efficient process for the preparation of K2SO4 and NH4Cl fertilizers by using sintering dust as raw material. The K, S, and Cl in the sintering dust were selectively and efficiently leached using water. The leaching of Ca impurities was then greatly reduced and the appearance of Zn and Mg was avoided. The Cl- ions in the leachate were, thereafter, adsorbed by a 201 × 7 resin to form a K2SO4 solution. Finally, the loaded Cl- on the resin was desorbed to form a NH4Cl solution, and the resin was regenerated and recycled. The purified solutions were crystallized to prepare K2SO4(s) and NH4Cl(s) products, which met the national standard of China for superior potassium sulfate and ammonium chloride, to be used for agricultural use. The recoveries of K, Cl, and S from the sintering dust were 80.78%, 92.63%, and 93.92%, respectively. Notably, the Mn content in the leaching residue increased from 9.08% to 14.19%. This could be used for the conversion of Mn impurities into recyclable manganese-rich raw materials. This green process enables an effective extraction of important impurities in hazardous sintering dust, thereby providing a new potassium source for potash fertilizer manufacturing with notable economic and environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiren Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, And College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, And College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, And College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Zhanfang Cao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, And College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Zongwei Hua
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, And College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Zhong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, And College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China.
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Olejko L, Dutta A, Shahsavar K, Bald I. Influence of Different Salts on the G-Quadruplex Structure Formed from the Reversed Human Telomeric DNA Sequence. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012206. [PMID: 36293060 PMCID: PMC9602856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
G-rich telomeric DNA plays a major role in the stabilization of chromosomes and can fold into a plethora of different G-quadruplex structures in the presence of mono- and divalent cations. The reversed human telomeric DNA sequence (5′-(GGG ATT)4; RevHumTel) was previously shown to have interesting properties that can be exploited for chemical sensing and as a chemical switch in DNA nanotechnology. Here, we analyze the specific G-quadruplex structures formed by RevHumTel in the presence of K+, Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ cations using circular dichroism spectroscopy (CDS) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) based on fluorescence lifetimes. CDS is able to reveal strand and loop orientations, whereas FRET gives information about the distances between the 5′-end and the 3′-end, and also, the number of G-quadruplex species formed. Based on this combined information we derived specific G-quadruplex structures formed from RevHumTel, i.e., a chair-type and a hybrid-type G-quadruplex structure formed in presence of K+, whereas Na+ induces the formation of up to three different G-quadruplexes (a basket-type, a propeller-type and a hybrid-type structure). In the presence of Mg2+ and Ca2+ two different parallel G-quadruplexes are formed (one of which is a propeller-type structure). This study will support the fundamental understanding of the G-quadruplex formation in different environments and a rational design of G-quadruplex-based applications in sensing and nanotechnology.
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Ma L, Li Y, Wei JL, Li ZS, Zhou XL, Zheng FL, Wu XB, Wang L, Liu ZH, Tan DS. [Effects of Long-term Straw Returning on Fungal Community, Enzyme Activity and Wheat Yield in Fluvo-aquic Soil]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2022; 43:4755-4764. [PMID: 36224161 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202201210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To illustrate the effects of long-term straw returning on the fungal community, soil enzyme activity, and crop yield in a fluvo-aquic soil area typical of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, a 10-year field experiment (established in 2010) located in Dezhou City, Shandong province, was performed, including three fertilization regimes (NF, no fertilization control; NPK, fertilization with chemical N, P, and K fertilizers; NPKS, straw returning combined with chemical N, P, and K fertilizers). This study aimed to explore the regulation mechanisms of fungal communities on soil fertility, enzyme activities, and crop yield by employing co-occurrence network and structural equation model analyses. Our results showed that long-term straw returning significantly improved soil nutrients, enzyme activity, and wheat yield. Compared with the NPK and NF treatments, soil organic matter (SOM) increased by 9.20% and 34.75%, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN) increased by 12.03% and 39.17%, dehydrogenase (DHA) increased by 37.21% and 50.91%, β-glucosidase (β-GC) increased by 17.29% and 73.48%, and wheat production increased by 16.22% and 125.53%, respectively. Different long-term fertilization regimes did not significantly change soil fungal α-diversity but resulted in significant differences in β-diversity. Available phosphorus (AP), SOM, and AN were the main driving factors of fungal community differentiation based on redundancy analysis and hierarchical partitioning analysis. Different abundance analyses revealed significantly different fungal community compositions among fertilization regimes. The long-term NF treatment resulted in a significant enrichment of phosphate/potassium-solubilizing species (i.e., Mortierella, Aspergillus, Ceriporia, and Acremonium) and symbiotic species (i.e., Leohumicola and Hyalodendriella). The relative abundance of pathogenic fungi, namely Sarocladium, Fusarium, and Fusicolla, increased significantly in the NPK treatment. Long-term straw returning in the NPKS treatment significantly stimulated the growth of plant growth-promoting species (i.e., Pseudogymnoascus and Schizothecium) and straw-degrading species (i.e., Trichocladium and Lobulomyces). Co-occurrence network analysis showed that the fungal network was composed of four main modules; the cumulative relative abundance of module 2 was significantly increased under the NPKS treatment and showed a positive linear correlation with DHA and β-GC. The structural equation model further indicated that the wheat yield was mainly regulated by SOM, whereas species of module 2 could indirectly affect SOM and wheat yield by positively regulating DHA and β-GC. Taken together, long-term straw returning to the fluvo-aquic soil area of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain could regulate fungal interspecific interactions, stimulate the growth of specific species groups, inhibit the activity of pathogens, increase the activity of soil enzymes, promote the accumulation of SOM, and achieve high crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Jian-Lin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Zi-Shuang Li
- Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou 253015, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Zhou
- Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou 253015, China
| | - Fu-Li Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - De-Shui Tan
- Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan 250100, China
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Huang QY, Huang JF, Huang X, Wu YP, Li P, Fu HT, Tang SH, Liu YF, Xu PZ. [Effects of Early Rice Straw Returning with Reducing Potassium Fertilizer on Late Rice Yield and Soil Fertility]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2022; 43:4706-4715. [PMID: 36224156 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202112315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rice straw is an important organic fertilizer in the region for double-cropping rice in South China. To reveal the effects of early rice returning with reducing potassium fertilizer on the yield of late rice and soil fertility, field experiments were carried out in Baiyun and Huiyang district in Guangdong province. The biomass, K content, and yield of late rice and the soil fertility properties, such as soil available potassium, soil organic carbon, bacterial diversity, and bacterial community structure were analyzed under three treatments (CK, conventional fertilization; RS, straw returning with conventional fertilization; RS-K, straw returning with reducing 20% potassium fertilizer). The results showed no significant differences in the biomass and yield of late rice between the RS-K treatment and CK treatment. Compared with that in CK, the RS treatment significantly increased the K contents of rice by 3.97% (Baiyun) and 6.91% (Huiyang). The K contents of late rice under the RS-K treatment were significantly lower than that under the CK treatment during the early growth period in rice, but there was no significant difference between them during the late growth period. Compared with that in CK, the soil available K in the RS treatment increased by 13.90% (Baiyun) and 21.67% (Huiyang) (P<0.05), and the soil available K in the RS-K treatment also increased by 3.56% (Baiyun) and 4.23% (Huiyang). Compared with that in the CK treatment, the soil dissolved organic carbon increased significantly in the RS and RS-K treatments (P<0.05). Compared with that in CK, the straw returning treatments (RS and RS-K) significantly improved the Chao1 and Shannon indexes of soil bacteria (P<0.05). Straw returning treatments (RS and RS-K) increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Nitrospirae compared with that in CK, whereas they decreased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. Redundancy analysis showed that the soil bacterial community was mainly influenced by soil organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, available P, and available K. In summary, early rice returning could increase soil available K and K content in late rice. Early rice straw returning with reducing potassium fertilizer had no negative impacts on the growth and yield of late rice and could also improve soil organic carbon and the diversity of soil bacteria. Therefore, early rice straw returning with reducing potassium fertilizer can guarantee the grain yield of late rice and improve soil fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jian-Feng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yong-Pei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hong-Ting Fu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuan-Hu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yi-Feng Liu
- Protection Center of Agricultural Environment and Cultivated Land Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Pei-Zhi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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15
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Jones RM, Nilsson T, Walker S, Armentrout PB. Potassium Binding Interactions with Aliphatic Amino Acids: Thermodynamic and Entropic Effects Analyzed via a Guided Ion Beam and Computational Study. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2022; 33:1427-1442. [PMID: 35535863 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Noncovalent interactions between alkali metals and amino acids are critical for many biological processes, especially for proper function of protein ion channels; however, many precise binding affinities between alkali metals and amino acids still need to be measured. This study addresses this need by using threshold collision-induced dissociation with a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer to measure binding affinities between potassium cations and the aliphatic amino acids: Gly, Ala, hAla, Val, Leu, and Ile. These measurements are supplemented by theoretical calculations and include commentary on effects of enthalpy, entropy, and structural preference. Notably, all levels of theory indicate that the lowest-lying isomers at 298 K have K+ binding to the carbonyl oxygen in either a monodentate ([CO]) or bidentate ([CO,OH]) fashion, isomers that are linked in a double-well potential. This complicates the analysis of the data, although does not greatly influence the final results. Analysis of the resulting cross sections includes accounting for multiple ion-molecule collisions, internal energy of reactant ions, and unimolecular decay rates. The resulting experimental bond dissociation energies generally increase as the polarizability of the amino acid increases, results that agree well with quantum chemical calculations done at the B3LYP, B3P86, and MP2(full) levels of theory, with B3LYP-GD3BJ predicting systematically larger values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland M Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East Rm 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Taylor Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East Rm 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Samantha Walker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East Rm 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - P B Armentrout
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East Rm 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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16
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Lopina OD, Fedorov DA, Sidorenko SV, Bukach OV, Klimanova EA. Sodium Ions as Regulators of Transcription in Mammalian Cells. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2022; 87:789-799. [PMID: 36171659 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922080107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of an uneven distribution of Na+ and K+ ions between the cytoplasm and extracellular medium is the basis for the functioning of any animal cell. Changes in the intracellular ratio of these cations occur in response to numerous stimuli and are important for the cell activity regulation. Numerous experimental data have shown that gene transcription in mammalian cells can be regulated by changes in the intracellular [Na+]i/[K+]i ratio. Here, we discuss possible mechanisms of such regulation in various cell types, with special attention to the [Ca2+]-independent signaling pathways that suggest the presence of an intracellular sensor of monovalent cations. As such sensor, we propose the secondary structures of nucleic acids called G-quadruplexes. They are widely represented in mammalian genomes and are often found in the promoters of genes encoding transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga D Lopina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Dmitrii A Fedorov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | | | - Olesya V Bukach
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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Kumar S, Ben Chouikha I, Kerkeni B, García G, Limão-Vieira P. Bound Electron Enhanced Radiosensitisation of Nimorazole upon Charge Transfer. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134134. [PMID: 35807379 PMCID: PMC9268075 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This novel work reports nimorazole (NIMO) radiosensitizer reduction upon electron transfer in collisions with neutral potassium (K) atoms in the lab frame energy range of 10–400 eV. The negative ions formed in this energy range were time-of-flight mass analyzed and branching ratios were obtained. Assignment of different anions showed that more than 80% was due to the formation of the non-dissociated parent anion NIMO•− at 226 u and nitrogen dioxide anion NO2− at 46 u. The rich fragmentation pattern revealed that significant collision induced the decomposition of the 4-nitroimidazole ring, as well as other complex internal reactions within the temporary negative ion formed after electron transfer to neutral NIMO. Other fragment anions were only responsible for less than 20% of the total ion yield. Additional information on the electronic state spectroscopy of nimorazole was obtained by recording a K+ energy loss spectrum in the forward scattering direction (θ ≈ 0°), allowing us to determine the most accessible electronic states within the temporary negative ion. Quantum chemical calculations on the electronic structure of NIMO in the presence of a potassium atom were performed to help assign the most significant lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals participating in the collision process. Electron transfer was shown to be a relevant process for nimorazole radiosensitisation through efficient and prevalent non-dissociated parent anion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh Kumar
- Atomic and Molecular Collisions Laboratory, CEFITEC, Department of Physics, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Islem Ben Chouikha
- Département de Physique, LPMC, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis el Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia;
| | - Boutheïna Kerkeni
- Département de Physique, LPMC, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis el Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia;
- ISAMM, Université de La Manouba, La Manouba 2010, Tunisia
- Correspondence: (B.K.); (P.L.-V.)
| | - Gustavo García
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 113-bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Paulo Limão-Vieira
- Atomic and Molecular Collisions Laboratory, CEFITEC, Department of Physics, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (B.K.); (P.L.-V.)
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18
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Lodi LA, Klaic R, Bortoletto-Santos R, Ribeiro C, Farinas CS. Unveiling the Solubilization of Potassium Mineral Rocks in Organic Acids for Application as K-Fertilizer. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:2431-2447. [PMID: 35113352 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03826-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Organic acids produced by soil microorganisms can be useful to promote the release of potassium (K) from potassium mineral rocks (KR), but the complexity of low reactivity minerals limits K solubilization and their use as fertilizer. Here, we investigate the ways that different organic acids (gluconic, oxalic, and citric) can affect the solubilization of potassium minerals, in order to propose process strategies to improve their solubility. For this, evaluations were performed using the model minerals KRpolyhalite (sedimentary mineral), KRfeldspar (igneous mineral), and KCl (commercial fertilizer). For KCl and KRpolyhalite, complete solubilization was achieved using all the organic acids, while for KRfeldspar, the highest K+ solubilization (34.86 mg L-1) was achieved with oxalic acid. The solubility of KRfeldspar was further investigated under submerged cultivation with the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger, as well as after a mechanochemical grinding treatment. The biotechnological route resulted in solubilized K up to 63.2 mg L-1. The mechanochemical route, on the other hand, increased the release of K by about 8.6 times (993 mg L-1) compared to the natural mineral, due to the greater fragmentation of the particles after the treatment (with a surface area about 2.5 times higher than for the in natura KRfeldspar). These findings demonstrated the potential of applying biotechnological and mechanochemical routes with organic acids to improve the solubilization of K present in low reactivity mineral rocks, indicating the possible use of these minerals in more sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludimila A Lodi
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia Para o Agronegócio (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua 15 de Novembro, 1452, Centro, SP, 13561-206, São Carlos, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Klaic
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia Para o Agronegócio (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua 15 de Novembro, 1452, Centro, SP, 13561-206, São Carlos, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Bortoletto-Santos
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia Para o Agronegócio (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua 15 de Novembro, 1452, Centro, SP, 13561-206, São Carlos, Brazil
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Professor Francisco Degni, 55, Jardim Quitandinha, SP, 14800-060, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Caue Ribeiro
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia Para o Agronegócio (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua 15 de Novembro, 1452, Centro, SP, 13561-206, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Cristiane S Farinas
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia Para o Agronegócio (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua 15 de Novembro, 1452, Centro, SP, 13561-206, São Carlos, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
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Yuan J, Shen C, Yuan R, Zhang H, Xiao Y, Wang X, Pan F, Wu C, Li Q, Yuan J, Liu X. Identification of genes related to tipburn resistance in Chinese cabbage and preliminary exploration of its molecular mechanism. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:567. [PMID: 34861825 PMCID: PMC8641176 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tipburn, also known as leaf tip necrosis, is a severe issue in Chinese cabbage production. One known cause is that plants are unable to provide adequate Ca2+ to rapidly expanding leaves. Bacterial infection is also a contributing factor. Different cultivars have varying degrees of tolerance to tipburn. Two inbred lines of Chinese cabbage were employed as resources in this research. RESULTS We determined that the inbred line 'J39290' was the tipburn resistant material and the inbred line 'J95822' was the tipburn sensitive material based on the severity of tipburn, and the integrity of cell membrane structure. Ca2+ concentration measurements revealed no significant difference in Ca2+ concentration between the two materials inner leaves. Transcriptome sequencing technology was also used to find the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of 'J95822' and 'J39290', and there was no significant difference in the previously reported Ca2+ uptake and transport related genes in the two materials. However, it is evident through DEG screening and classification that 23 genes are highly linked to plant-pathogen interactions, and they encode three different types of proteins: CaM/CML, Rboh, and CDPK. These 23 genes mainly function through Ca2+-CaM/CML-CDPK signal pathway based on KEGG pathway analysis, protein interaction prediction, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) of key genes. CONCLUSIONS By analyzing the Ca2+ concentration in the above two materials, the transcription of previously reported genes related to Ca2+ uptake and transport, the functional annotation and KEGG pathway of DEGs, it was found that Ca2+ deficiency was not the main cause of tipburn in 'J95822', but was probably caused by bacterial infection. This study lays a theoretical foundation for exploring the molecular mechanism of resistance to tipburn in Chinese cabbage, and has important guiding significance for genetics and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingping Yuan
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of the Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Plants, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Changwei Shen
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Ranghua Yuan
- Vegetable Research Institute of Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fifty Meters Southwest of the Intersection of Xiner Street and Rongxiao East Road, Hongqi District, Xinxiang City, 453003, Henan Province, China.
| | - Huaixia Zhang
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of the Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Plants, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Vegetable Research Institute of Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fifty Meters Southwest of the Intersection of Xiner Street and Rongxiao East Road, Hongqi District, Xinxiang City, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Vegetable Research Institute of Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fifty Meters Southwest of the Intersection of Xiner Street and Rongxiao East Road, Hongqi District, Xinxiang City, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Feifei Pan
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of the Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Plants, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Chunhui Wu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of the Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Plants, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Qingfei Li
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of the Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Plants, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jingyun Yuan
- Vegetable Research Institute of Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fifty Meters Southwest of the Intersection of Xiner Street and Rongxiao East Road, Hongqi District, Xinxiang City, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Xuesheng Liu
- Vegetable Research Institute of Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fifty Meters Southwest of the Intersection of Xiner Street and Rongxiao East Road, Hongqi District, Xinxiang City, 453003, Henan Province, China
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20
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Abstract
KATP channels are metabolic sensors that translate intracellular ATP/ADP balance into membrane excitability. The molecular composition of KATP includes an inward-rectifier potassium channel (Kir) and an ABC transporter-like sulfonylurea receptor (SUR). Although structures of KATP have been determined in many conformations, in all cases, the pore in Kir is closed. Here, we describe human pancreatic KATP (hKATP) structures with an open pore at 3.1- to 4.0-Å resolution using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Pore opening is associated with coordinated structural changes within the ATP-binding site and the channel gate in Kir. Conformational changes in SUR are also observed, resulting in an area reduction of contact surfaces between SUR and Kir. We also observe that pancreatic hKATP exhibits the unique (among inward-rectifier channels) property of PIP2-independent opening, which appears to be correlated with a docked cytoplasmic domain in the absence of PIP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- HHMI, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Roderick MacKinnon
- HHMI, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065;
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
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21
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Sous J, Gadjieva NA, Nuckolls C, Reichman DR, Millis AJ. Strongly Correlated Ladders in K-Doped p-Terphenyl Crystals. Nano Lett 2021; 21:9573-9579. [PMID: 34761676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Potassium-doped terphenyl has recently attracted attention as a potential host for high-transition-temperature superconductivity. Here, we elucidate the many-body electronic structure of recently synthesized potassium-doped terphenyl crystals. We show that this system may be understood as a set of weakly coupled one-dimensional ladders. Depending on the strength of the interladder coupling, the system may exhibit insulating spin-gapped valence-bond solid or antiferromagnetic phases, both of which upon hole doping may give rise to superconductivity. This terphenyl-based ladder material serves as a new platform for investigating the fate of ladder phases in the presence of three-dimensional coupling as well as for novel superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Sous
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Natalia A Gadjieva
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - David R Reichman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Andrew J Millis
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
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22
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Chen J, Zeng H, Zhang X. Integrative transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of D-leaf of seven pineapple varieties differing in N-P-K% contents. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:550. [PMID: 34809576 PMCID: PMC8607640 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) is the third most important tropical fruit in China. In other crops, farmers can easily judge the nutritional requirements from leaf color. However, concerning pineapple, it is difficult due to the variation in leaf color of the cultivated pineapple varieties. A detailed understanding of the mechanisms of nutrient transport, accumulation, and assimilation was targeted in this study. We explored the D-leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) contents, transcriptome, and metabolome of seven pineapple varieties. RESULTS Significantly higher N, P, and K% contents were observed in Bali, Caine, and Golden pineapple. The transcriptome sequencing of 21 libraries resulted in the identification of 14,310 differentially expressed genes in the D-leaves of seven pineapple varieties. Genes associated with N transport and assimilation in D-leaves of pineapple was possibly regulated by nitrate and ammonium transporters, and glutamate dehydrogenases play roles in N assimilation in arginine biosynthesis pathways. Photosynthesis and photosynthesis-antenna proteins pathways were also significantly regulated between the studied genotypes. Phosphate transporters and mitochondrial phosphate transporters were differentially regulated regarding inorganic P transport. WRKY, MYB, and bHLH transcription factors were possibly regulating the phosphate transporters. The observed varying contents of K% in the D-leaves was associated to the regulation of K+ transporters and channels under the influence of Ca2+ signaling. The UPLC-MS/MS analysis detected 873 metabolites which were mainly classified as flavonoids, lipids, and phenolic acids. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a detailed insight into the N, P, K% contents in pineapple D-leaf and their transcriptomic and metabolomic signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Tree Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524091, China.
- South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524091, China.
| | - Hui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Tree Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524091, China
- South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524091, China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Tree Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524091, China
- South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524091, China
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Pokluda R, Ragasová L, Jurica M, Kalisz A, Komorowska M, Niemiec M, Sekara A. Effects of growth promoting microorganisms on tomato seedlings growing in different media conditions. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259380. [PMID: 34731216 PMCID: PMC8565787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPM) play vital roles in maintaining crop fitness and soil health in stressed environments. Research have included analysis-based cultivation of soil-microbial-plant relationships to clarify microbiota potential. The goal of the research was to (i) evaluate the symbiotic microorganism effects on tomato seedling fitness under stressed conditions simulating a fragile soil susceptible to degradation; (ii) compare the plant-microbial interactions after inoculation with microbial isolates and fungi-bacteria consortia; (iii) develop an effective crop-microbial network, which improves soil and plant status. The experimental design included non-inoculated treatments with peat and sand at ratios of 50:50, 70:30, 100:0 (v:v), inoculated treatments with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Azospirillum brasilense (AZ) using the aforementioned peat:sand ratios; and treatment with peat co-inoculated with AMF and Saccharothrix tamanrassetensis (S). AMF + AZ increased root fresh weight in peat substrate compared to the control (4.4 to 3.3 g plant–1). An increase in shoot fresh weight was detected in the AMF + AZ treatment with a 50:50 peat:sand ratio (10.1 to 8.5 g plant-1). AMF + AZ reduced antioxidant activity (DPPH) (18–34%) in leaves, whereas AMF + S had the highest DPPH in leaves and roots (45%). Total leaf phenolic content was higher in control with a decreased proportion of peat. Peroxidase activity was enhanced in AMF + AZ and AMF + S treatments, except for AMF + AZ in peat. Microscopic root assays revealed the ability of AMF to establish strong fungal-tomato symbiosis; the colonization rate was 78–89%. AMF + AZ accelerated K and Mg accumulation in tomato leaves in treatments reflecting soil stress. To date, there has been no relevant information regarding the successful AMF and Saccharothrix co-inoculation relationship. This study confirmed that AMF + S could increase the P, S, and Fe status of seedlings under high organic C content conditions. The improved tomato growth and nutrient acquisition demonstrated the potential of PGPM colonization under degraded soil conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pokluda
- Faculty of Horticulture, Department of Vegetable Sciences and Floriculture, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Lucia Ragasová
- Faculty of Horticulture, Department of Vegetable Sciences and Floriculture, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Jurica
- Faculty of Horticulture, Department of Vegetable Sciences and Floriculture, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej Kalisz
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, Department of Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Komorowska
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, Department of Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Niemiec
- Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sekara
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, Department of Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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24
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Higashinakagawa T, Kikuchi H, Kuwayama H. Mg, K-containing microparticle: A possible active principle of a culture extract produced by a microbial consortium. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259297. [PMID: 34731185 PMCID: PMC8565762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A synthetic microbial consortium called Effective Microorganisms (EM) consists mainly of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeast. Various effects of EM∙XGOLD, a health drink produced by EM, on life cycle of Dictyostelium discoideum were described previously. Here, we report our attempt to identify the active principle, termed EMF, that brought about the observed effects. Throughout the purification processes, the presence of the active principle was monitored by promoted fruiting body formation. By liquid-liquid separation the activity was recovered in aqueous phase, which, after concentration, was further subjected to reverse-phase column chromatography. No activity was detected in any eluant, while almost all the activity was recovered in residual insoluble material. The application of conventional organic chemistry procedures to the residual fraction did not lead to any informative results. Acid treatment of the insoluble material produced air bubbles, suggesting it to be composed of some inorganic carbonate. Viewed under scanning electronmicroscope, the residue revealed spherical particles of μm size range. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) Spectroscopy pointed to the existence, on the surface of the particles, of magnesium and, to a certain extent, of potassium. In separate experiments, acid treatment and alkali neutralization of EM∙XGOLD completely wiped out the stimulatory activity of fruiting body formation. These lines of evidence indicate these Mg, K-containing microparticles to be an active principle of EM culture extract. How these particles exert their effect is currently under intensive investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Higashinakagawa
- International Center for Molecular, Cellular and Immunological Research, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- EM Research Organization, Okinawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Haruhisa Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Kuwayama
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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25
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Penkova NA, Sharapov MG, Penkov NV. Hydration Shells of DNA from the Point of View of Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011089. [PMID: 34681747 PMCID: PMC8538832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydration plays a fundamental role in DNA structure and functioning. However, the hydration shell has been studied only up to the scale of 10-20 water molecules per nucleotide. In the current work, hydration shells of DNA were studied in a solution by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. The THz spectra of three DNA solutions (in water, 40 mm MgCl2 and 150 mM KCl) were transformed using an effective medium model to obtain dielectric permittivities of the water phase of solutions. Then, the parameters of two relaxation bands related to bound and free water molecules, as well as to intermolecular oscillations, were calculated. The hydration shells of DNA differ from undisturbed water by the presence of strongly bound water molecules, a higher number of free molecules and an increased number of hydrogen bonds. The presence of 40 mM MgCl2 in the solution almost does not alter the hydration shell parameters. At the same time, 150 mM KCl significantly attenuates all the found effects of hydration. Different effects of salts on hydration cannot be explained by the difference in ionic strength of solutions, they should be attributed to the specific action of Mg2+ and K+ ions. The obtained results significantly expand the existing knowledge about DNA hydration and demonstrate a high potential for using the THz time-domain spectroscopy method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda A. Penkova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | - Mars G. Sharapov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics RAS, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | - Nikita V. Penkov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics RAS, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
- Correspondence:
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26
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Trachman RJ, Ferré-D'Amaré AR. An uncommon [K +(Mg 2+) 2] metal ion triad imparts stability and selectivity to the Guanidine-I riboswitch. RNA 2021; 27:1257-1264. [PMID: 34257148 PMCID: PMC8457001 DOI: 10.1261/rna.078824.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The widespread ykkC-I riboswitch class exemplifies divergent riboswitch evolution. To analyze how natural selection has diversified its versatile RNA fold, we determined the X-ray crystal structure of the Burkholderia sp. TJI49 ykkC-I subtype-1 (Guanidine-I) riboswitch aptamer domain. Differing from the previously reported structures of orthologs from Dickeya dadantii and Sulfobacillus acidophilus, our Burkholderia structure reveals a chelated K+ ion adjacent to two Mg2+ ions in the guanidine-binding pocket. Thermal melting analysis shows that K+ chelation, which induces localized conformational changes in the binding pocket, improves guanidinium-RNA interactions. Analysis of ribosome structures suggests that the [K+(Mg2+)2] ion triad is uncommon. It is, however, reminiscent of metal ion clusters found in the active sites of ribozymes and DNA polymerases. Previous structural characterization of ykkC-I subtype-2 RNAs, which bind the effector ligands ppGpp and PRPP, indicate that in those paralogs, an adenine responsible for K+ chelation in the Burkholderia Guanidine-I riboswitch is replaced by a pyrimidine. This mutation results in a water molecule and Mg2+ ion binding in place of the K+ ion. Thus, our structural analysis demonstrates how ion and solvent chelation tune divergent ligand specificity and affinity among ykkC-I riboswitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Trachman
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-8012, USA
| | - Adrian R Ferré-D'Amaré
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-8012, USA
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27
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Baba ZA, Hamid B, Sheikh TA, Alotaibi SH, El Enshasy HA, Ansari MJ, Zuan ATK, Sayyed RZ. Psychrotolerant Mesorhizobium sp. Isolated from Temperate and Cold Desert Regions Solubilizes Potassium and Produces Multiple Plant Growth Promoting Metabolites. Molecules 2021; 26:5758. [PMID: 34641302 PMCID: PMC8510370 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil potassium (K) supplement depends intensively on the application of chemical fertilizers, which have substantial harmful environmental effects. However, some bacteria can act as inoculants by converting unavailable and insoluble K forms into plant-accessible forms. Such bacteria are an eco-friendly approach for enhancing plant K absorption and consequently reducing utilization of chemical fertilization. Therefore, the present research was undertaken to isolate, screen, and characterize the K solubilizing bacteria (KSB) from the rhizosphere soils of northern India. Overall, 110 strains were isolated, but only 13 isolates showed significant K solubilizing ability by forming a halo zone on solid media. They were further screened for K solubilizing activity at 0 °C, 1 °C, 3 °C, 5 °C, 7 °C, 15 °C, and 20 °C for 5, 10, and 20 days. All the bacterial isolates showed mineral K solubilization activity at these different temperatures. However, the content of K solubilization increased with the upsurge in temperature and period of incubation. The isolate KSB (Grz) showed the highest K solubilization index of 462.28% after 48 h of incubation at 20 °C. The maximum of 23.38 µg K/mL broth was solubilized by the isolate KSB (Grz) at 20 °C after 20 days of incubation. Based on morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization (through the 16S rDNA approach), the isolate KSB (Grz) was identified as Mesorhizobium sp. The majority of the strains produced HCN and ammonia. The maximum indole acetic acid (IAA) (31.54 µM/mL) and cellulase (390 µM/mL) were produced by the isolate KSB (Grz). In contrast, the highest protease (525.12 µM/mL) and chitinase (5.20 µM/mL) activities were shown by standard strain Bacillus mucilaginosus and KSB (Gmr) isolate, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahoor Ahmad Baba
- Division of Basic Science and Humanities, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Sopore 193201, India;
| | - Basharat Hamid
- Division of Basic Science and Humanities, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Sopore 193201, India;
| | - Tahir Ahmad Sheikh
- Division of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Sopore 193201, India;
| | - Saad H. Alotaibi
- Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hesham A. El Enshasy
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), University Teknologi Malayisa (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA), New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly, Moradabad 244001, India;
| | - Ali Tan Kee Zuan
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R. Z. Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal’s Arts, Science and Commerce College, Shahada 425409, India
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28
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Khan MN, Li Y, Khan Z, Chen L, Liu J, Hu J, Wu H, Li Z. Nanoceria seed priming enhanced salt tolerance in rapeseed through modulating ROS homeostasis and α-amylase activities. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:276. [PMID: 34530815 PMCID: PMC8444428 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01026-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salinity is a big threat to agriculture by limiting crop production. Nanopriming (seed priming with nanomaterials) is an emerged approach to improve plant stress tolerance; however, our knowledge about the underlying mechanisms is limited. RESULTS Herein, we used cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) to prime rapeseeds and investigated the possible mechanisms behind nanoceria improved rapeseed salt tolerance. We synthesized and characterized polyacrylic acid coated nanoceria (PNC, 8.5 ± 0.2 nm, -43.3 ± 6.3 mV) and monitored its distribution in different tissues of the seed during the imbibition period (1, 3, 8 h priming). Our results showed that compared with the no nanoparticle control, PNC nanopriming improved germination rate (12%) and biomass (41%) in rapeseeds (Brassica napus) under salt stress (200 mM NaCl). During the priming hours, PNC were located mostly in the seed coat, nevertheless the intensity of PNC in cotyledon and radicle was increased alongside with the increase of priming hours. During the priming hours, the amount of the absorbed water (52%, 14%, 12% increase at 1, 3, 8 h priming, respectively) and the activities of α-amylase were significantly higher (175%, 309%, 295% increase at 1, 3, 8 h priming, respectively) in PNC treatment than the control. PNC primed rapeseeds showed significantly lower content of MDA, H2O2, and •O2- in both shoot and root than the control under salt stress. Also, under salt stress, PNC nanopriming enabled significantly higher K+ retention (29%) and significantly lower Na+ accumulation (18.5%) and Na+/K+ ratio (37%) than the control. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that besides the more absorbed water and higher α-amylase activities, PNC nanopriming improves salt tolerance in rapeseeds through alleviating oxidative damage and maintaining Na+/K+ ratio. It adds more knowledge regarding the mechanisms underlying nanopriming improved plant salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nauman Khan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zaid Khan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jin Hu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Honghong Wu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zhaohu Li
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- School of Agriculture and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Anashkin VA, Malinen AM, Bogachev AV, Baykov AA. Catalytic Asymmetry in Homodimeric H +-Pumping Membrane Pyrophosphatase Demonstrated by Non-Hydrolyzable Pyrophosphate Analogs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189820. [PMID: 34575984 PMCID: PMC8469034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane-bound inorganic pyrophosphatase (mPPase) resembles the F-ATPase in catalyzing polyphosphate-energized H+ and Na+ transport across lipid membranes, but differs structurally and mechanistically. Homodimeric mPPase likely uses a “direct coupling” mechanism, in which the proton generated from the water nucleophile at the entrance to the ion conductance channel is transported across the membrane or triggers Na+ transport. The structural aspects of this mechanism, including subunit cooperation, are still poorly understood. Using a refined enzyme assay, we examined the inhibition of K+-dependent H+-transporting mPPase from Desulfitobacterium hafniensee by three non-hydrolyzable PPi analogs (imidodiphosphate and C-substituted bisphosphonates). The kinetic data demonstrated negative cooperativity in inhibitor binding to two active sites, and reduced active site performance when the inhibitor or substrate occupied the other active site. The nonequivalence of active sites in PPi hydrolysis in terms of the Michaelis constant vanished at a low (0.1 mM) concentration of Mg2+ (essential cofactor). The replacement of K+, the second metal cofactor, by Na+ increased the substrate and inhibitor binding cooperativity. The detergent-solubilized form of mPPase exhibited similar active site nonequivalence in PPi hydrolysis. Our findings support the notion that the mPPase mechanism combines Mitchell’s direct coupling with conformational coupling to catalyze cation transport across the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor A. Anashkin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.A.); (A.V.B.)
| | - Anssi M. Malinen
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland;
| | - Alexander V. Bogachev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.A.); (A.V.B.)
| | - Alexander A. Baykov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.A.); (A.V.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Effiong Uko A, Bassey Effa E, Abraham Isong I, Eno Effiong J. Performance and Dry Matter Accumulation of Groundnut in an Ultisol Amended with Phosphorus and Lime. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:847-857. [PMID: 34486352 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.847.857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Adequate yield improvement in groundnut may not be achieved in acid sand Ultisol through the application of mineral phosphorus alone, however, a combined application of lime and phosphorus fertilizer may be a better management option in such soils. Hence, this study evaluated the effects of four levels of lime (0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 t ha<sup>1</sup>) and four phosphorus (P) levels (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg ha<sup>1</sup>) on the performance of groundnut (<i>Arachis hypogaea </i>L.) in the humid rainforest of South Eastern Nigeria. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The study was a factorial experiment laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and consisted of sixteen treatment combinations replicated three times each. <b>Results:</b> The result obtained showed that the application of phosphorus fertilizer and lime had a significant (p<0.05) effect on plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, 75 kg ha<sup>1</sup> P and 8.0 t ha<sup>1</sup> lime resulted in the highest growth parameter. Similarly, 75 kg ha<sup>1</sup> P and 8.0 t ha<sup>1</sup> lime significantly improved the number of pods per plant 30.67, pod yield 3.58 t ha<sup>1</sup>, biomass yield of 4.68 t ha<sup>1</sup>, seed yield of 2.1 t ha<sup>1</sup> and 100 seed weight of 44.58 g, seed yield of groundnut while curtailing the number of unfilled pods 2.33. <b>Conclusion:</b> Application of phosphorus and lime at 75 kg ha<sup>1</sup> P and 8.0 t ha<sup>1</sup> lime is a beneficial agronomic practice that could enhance the productivity of groundnut in the Calabar rainforest zone of Cross River State.
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Bernetti M, Hall KB, Bussi G. Reweighting of molecular simulations with explicit-solvent SAXS restraints elucidates ion-dependent RNA ensembles. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:e84. [PMID: 34107023 PMCID: PMC8373061 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments are increasingly used to probe RNA structure. A number of forward models that relate measured SAXS intensities and structural features, and that are suitable to model either explicit-solvent effects or solute dynamics, have been proposed in the past years. Here, we introduce an approach that integrates atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and SAXS experiments to reconstruct RNA structural ensembles while simultaneously accounting for both RNA conformational dynamics and explicit-solvent effects. Our protocol exploits SAXS pure-solute forward models and enhanced sampling methods to sample an heterogenous ensemble of structures, with no information towards the experiments provided on-the-fly. The generated structural ensemble is then reweighted through the maximum entropy principle so as to match reference SAXS experimental data at multiple ionic conditions. Importantly, accurate explicit-solvent forward models are used at this reweighting stage. We apply this framework to the GTPase-associated center, a relevant RNA molecule involved in protein translation, in order to elucidate its ion-dependent conformational ensembles. We show that (a) both solvent and dynamics are crucial to reproduce experimental SAXS data and (b) the resulting dynamical ensembles contain an ion-dependent fraction of extended structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Bernetti
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Via Bonomea 265, Trieste 34136, Italy
| | - Kathleen B Hall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Giovanni Bussi
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Via Bonomea 265, Trieste 34136, Italy
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Abstract
Phytate is a dominant form of organic phosphorus (P) in the environment. Complexation and precipitation with polyvalent metal ions can stabilize phytate, thereby significantly hinder the hydrolysis by enzymes. Here, we studied the stability and hydrolyzability of environmentally relevant metal phytate complexes (Na, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Al, Fe, Al/Fe, Mn, and Cd) under different pHs, presence of metal chelators, and thermal conditions. Our results show that the order of solubility of metal phytate complexes is as follows: i) for metal species: Na, Ca, Mg > Cu, Zn, Mn, Cd > Al, Fe, ii) under different pHs: pH 5.0 > pH 7.5), and iii) in the presence of chelators: EDTA> citric acid. Phytate-metal complexes are mostly resistant towards acid hydrolysis (except Al-phytate), and dry complexes are generally stable at high pressure and temperature under autoclave conditions (except Ca phytate). Inhibition of metal complex towards enzymatic hydrolysis by Aspergillus niger phytase was variable but found to be highest in Fe phytate complex. Strong chelating agents such as EDTA are insufficient for releasing metals from the complexes unless the reduction of metals (such as Fe) occurs first. The insights gained from this research are expected to contribute to the current understanding of the fate of phytate in the presence of various metals that are commonly present in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Sun
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
- Department of Physical Sciences, Emporia State University, Emporia, KS, United States of America
| | - Zhongqi He
- USDA-ARS Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Deb P. Jaisi
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Migut D, Jańczak-Pieniążek M, Piechowiak T, Buczek J, Balawejder M. Physiological Response of Maize Plants ( Zea mays L.) to the Use of the Potassium Quercetin Derivative. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7384. [PMID: 34299004 PMCID: PMC8306421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant production technologies based solely on the improvement of plants themselves face obstacles resulting from the natural limitations of the biological potential of varieties. Therefore, new substances are sought that positively influence the growth and development of plants and increase resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses, which also translates into an increase in obtained yields. The exogenous application of various phytoprotectants shows great promise in terms of cost effectiveness compared to traditional breeding methods or transgenic approaches in relation to increasing plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. Quercetin is a strong antioxidant among phenolic compounds, and it plays a physiological and biochemical role in plants. As such, the aim of this research was to assess the effect of an aqueous solution of a quercetin derivative with potassium, applied in various concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0% and 5.0%), on the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus and biochemical properties of maize. Among the tested variants, compared to the control, the most stimulating effect on the course of physiological processes (PN, gs, ci, CCI, Fv/Fm, Fv/F0, PI) in maize leaves was found in 3.0 and 5.0% aqueous solutions of the quercetin derivative. The highest total antioxidant capacity and total content of polyphenolic compounds were found for plants sprayed with 5.0% quercetin derivative solution; therefore, in this study, the optimal concentration could not be clearly selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Migut
- Department of Crop Production, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland; (M.J.-P.); (J.B.)
| | - Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek
- Department of Crop Production, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland; (M.J.-P.); (J.B.)
| | - Tomasz Piechowiak
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Rzeszow, Ćwiklińskiej 1A, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (T.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Jan Buczek
- Department of Crop Production, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland; (M.J.-P.); (J.B.)
| | - Maciej Balawejder
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Rzeszow, Ćwiklińskiej 1A, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (T.P.); (M.B.)
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Drozdzal P, Gilski M, Jaskolski M. Crystal structure of Z-DNA in complex with the polyamine putrescine and potassium cations at ultra-high resolution. Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater 2021; 77:331-338. [PMID: 34096514 PMCID: PMC8182800 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520621002663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The X-ray crystal structure of the d(CGCGCG)2/putrescine(2+)/K+ complex has been determined at 0.60 Å resolution. Stereochemical restraints were used only for the putrescinium dication, and 23 bonds and 18 angles of the Z-DNA nucleotides with dual conformation. The N atoms of the putrescine(2+) dication form three direct hydrogen bonds with the N7_G atoms of three different Z-DNA molecules, plus three water-mediated hydrogen bonds with cytosine, guanine and phosphate acceptors. A unique potassium cation was also unambiguously identified in the structure, albeit at a ∼0.5 occupation site shared with a water molecule, providing the first example of such a complex with Z-DNA. The K+ cation has coordination number of eight and an irregular coordination sphere, formed by four water molecules and four O atoms from two phosphate groups of the Z-DNA, including ligands present at fractional occupancy. The structural disorder of the Z-DNA duplex is manifested by the presence of alternate conformations along the DNA backbone. Comparison of the position and interactions of putrescine(2+) in the present structure with other ultra-high-resolution structures of Z-DNA in complexes with Mn2+ and Zn2+ ions shows that the dicationic putrescinium moiety can effectively substitute these metal ions for stabilization of Z-type DNA duplexes. Furthermore, this comparison also suggests that the spermine(4+) tetracation has a higher affinity for Z-DNA than K+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Drozdzal
- Center for Biocrystallographic Research, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Gilski
- Center for Biocrystallographic Research, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Jaskolski
- Center for Biocrystallographic Research, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
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Rodrigues Sousa H, Lima IS, Neris LML, Silva AS, Santos Nascimento AMS, Araújo FP, Ratke RF, Silva DA, Osajima JA, Bezerra LR, Silva-Filho EC. Superabsorbent Hydrogels Based to Polyacrylamide/Cashew Tree Gum for the Controlled Release of Water and Plant Nutrients. Molecules 2021; 26:2680. [PMID: 34063701 PMCID: PMC8125684 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural production is influenced by the water content in the soil and availability of fertilizers. Thus, superabsorbent hydrogels, based on polyacrylamide, natural cashew tree gum (CG) and potassium hydrogen phosphate (PHP), as fertilizer and water releaser were developed. The structure, morphology, thermal stability and chemical composition of samples of polyacrylamide and cashew tree gum hydrogels with the presence of fertilizer (HCGP) and without fertilizer (HCG) were investigated, using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA/DTG) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Swelling/reswelling tests, textural analysis, effect of pH, release of nutrients and kinetics were determined; the ecotoxicity of the hydrogels was investigated by the Artemia salina test. The results showed that PHP incorporation in the hydrogel favored the crosslinking of chains. This increased the thermal stability in HCGP but decreased the hardness and adhesion properties. The HCGP demonstrated good swelling capacity (~15,000 times) and an excellent potential for reuse after fifty-five consecutive cycles. The swelling was favored in an alkaline pH due to the ionization of hydrophilic groups. The sustained release of phosphorus in HCGP was described by the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, and Fickian diffusion is the main fertilizer release mechanism. Finally, the hydrogels do not demonstrate toxicity, and HCGP has potential for application in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heldeney Rodrigues Sousa
- LIMAV, Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Piaui Federal University, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina 64049-550, Piaui, Brazil; (H.R.S.); (I.S.L.); (L.M.L.N.); (A.S.S.); (A.M.S.S.N.); (F.P.A.); (D.A.S.); (J.A.O.)
| | - Idglan Sá Lima
- LIMAV, Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Piaui Federal University, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina 64049-550, Piaui, Brazil; (H.R.S.); (I.S.L.); (L.M.L.N.); (A.S.S.); (A.M.S.S.N.); (F.P.A.); (D.A.S.); (J.A.O.)
| | - Lucas Matheus Lima Neris
- LIMAV, Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Piaui Federal University, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina 64049-550, Piaui, Brazil; (H.R.S.); (I.S.L.); (L.M.L.N.); (A.S.S.); (A.M.S.S.N.); (F.P.A.); (D.A.S.); (J.A.O.)
| | - Albert Santos Silva
- LIMAV, Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Piaui Federal University, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina 64049-550, Piaui, Brazil; (H.R.S.); (I.S.L.); (L.M.L.N.); (A.S.S.); (A.M.S.S.N.); (F.P.A.); (D.A.S.); (J.A.O.)
| | - Ariane Maria Silva Santos Nascimento
- LIMAV, Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Piaui Federal University, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina 64049-550, Piaui, Brazil; (H.R.S.); (I.S.L.); (L.M.L.N.); (A.S.S.); (A.M.S.S.N.); (F.P.A.); (D.A.S.); (J.A.O.)
| | - Francisca Pereira Araújo
- LIMAV, Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Piaui Federal University, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina 64049-550, Piaui, Brazil; (H.R.S.); (I.S.L.); (L.M.L.N.); (A.S.S.); (A.M.S.S.N.); (F.P.A.); (D.A.S.); (J.A.O.)
| | - Rafael Felippe Ratke
- Graduate Studies in Agronomy, Mato Grosso of Soulth Federal University, Chapadão do Sul 76560-000, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil;
| | - Durcilene Alves Silva
- LIMAV, Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Piaui Federal University, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina 64049-550, Piaui, Brazil; (H.R.S.); (I.S.L.); (L.M.L.N.); (A.S.S.); (A.M.S.S.N.); (F.P.A.); (D.A.S.); (J.A.O.)
- Research Center on Biodiversity and Biotechnolog, Delta do Parnaíba Federal University, Parnaíba 64202-020, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Josy Anteveli Osajima
- LIMAV, Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Piaui Federal University, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina 64049-550, Piaui, Brazil; (H.R.S.); (I.S.L.); (L.M.L.N.); (A.S.S.); (A.M.S.S.N.); (F.P.A.); (D.A.S.); (J.A.O.)
| | - Leilson Rocha Bezerra
- Veterinary Medicine Academic Unit, Campina Grande Federal University, Patos 58708-110, Paraíba, Brazil;
| | - Edson Cavalcanti Silva-Filho
- LIMAV, Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Piaui Federal University, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina 64049-550, Piaui, Brazil; (H.R.S.); (I.S.L.); (L.M.L.N.); (A.S.S.); (A.M.S.S.N.); (F.P.A.); (D.A.S.); (J.A.O.)
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Ye S, Chen Z, Zhang X, Li F, Guo L, Hou XM, Wu WQ, Wang J, Liu C, Zheng K, Sun B. Proximal Single-Stranded RNA Destabilizes Human Telomerase RNA G-Quadruplex and Induces Its Distinct Conformers. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3361-3366. [PMID: 33783224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Single-stranded guanine-rich RNA sequences have a propensity to fold into compact G-quadruplexes (RG4s). The conformational transitions of these molecules provide an important way to regulate their biological functions. Here, we examined the stability and conformation of an RG4-forming sequence identified near the end of human telomerase RNA. We found that a proximal single-stranded (ss) RNA significantly impairs RG4 stability at physiological K+ concentrations, resulting in a reduced RG4 rupture force of ∼ 24.4 pN and easier accessibility of the G-rich sequence. The destabilizing effect requires a minimum of six nucleotides of ssRNA and is effective at either end of RG4. Remarkably, this RG4-forming sequence, under the influence of such a proximal ssRNA, exhibits interconversions between at least three less stable RG4 conformers that might represent potential intermediates along its folding/unfolding pathway. This work provides insights into the stability and folding dynamics of RG4 that are essential for understanding its biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Ye
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ziting Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Lijuan Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xi-Miao Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Cong Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ke Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Bo Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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Hussain S, Hussain S, Ali B, Ren X, Chen X, Li Q, Saqib M, Ahmad N. Recent progress in understanding salinity tolerance in plants: Story of Na +/K + balance and beyond. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 160:239-256. [PMID: 33524921 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
High salt concentrations in the growing medium can severely affect the growth and development of plants. It is imperative to understand the different components of salt-tolerant network in plants in order to produce the salt-tolerant cultivars. High-affinity potassium transporter- and myelocytomatosis proteins have been shown to play a critical role for salinity tolerance through exclusion of sodium (Na+) ions from sensitive shoot tissues in plants. Numerous genes, that limit the uptake of salts from soil and their transport throughout the plant body, adjust the ionic and osmotic balance of cells in roots and shoots. In the present review, we have tried to provide a comprehensive report of major research advances on different mechanisms regulating plant tolerance to salinity stress at proteomics, metabolomics, genomics and transcriptomics levels. Along with the role of ionic homeostasis, a major focus was given on other salinity tolerance mechanisms in plants including osmoregulation and osmo-protection, cell wall remodeling and integrity, and plant antioxidative defense. Major proteins and genes expressed under salt-stressed conditions and their role in enhancing salinity tolerance in plants are discussed as well. Moreover, this manuscript identifies and highlights the key questions on plant salinity tolerance that remain to be discussed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadam Hussain
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan; Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xiaolong Ren
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Agronomic Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Ahmad
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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38
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Ghosh A, Largy E, Gabelica V. DNA G-quadruplexes for native mass spectrometry in potassium: a database of validated structures in electrospray-compatible conditions. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:2333-2345. [PMID: 33555347 PMCID: PMC7913678 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplex DNA structures have become attractive drug targets, and native mass spectrometry can provide detailed characterization of drug binding stoichiometry and affinity, potentially at high throughput. However, the G-quadruplex DNA polymorphism poses problems for interpreting ligand screening assays. In order to establish standardized MS-based screening assays, we studied 28 sequences with documented NMR structures in (usually ∼100 mM) potassium, and report here their circular dichroism (CD), melting temperature (Tm), NMR spectra and electrospray mass spectra in 1 mM KCl/100 mM trimethylammonium acetate. Based on these results, we make a short-list of sequences that adopt the same structure in the MS assay as reported by NMR, and provide recommendations on using them for MS-based assays. We also built an R-based open-source application to build and consult a database, wherein further sequences can be incorporated in the future. The application handles automatically most of the data processing, and allows generating custom figures and reports. The database is included in the g4dbr package (https://github.com/EricLarG4/g4dbr) and can be explored online (https://ericlarg4.github.io/G4_database.html).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Ghosh
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Eric Largy
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Valérie Gabelica
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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Zhu J, Liu X, Zheng J, Jiang D. Tuning the conformation of G-quadruplexes by sodium and potassium ions: application to photometric and fluorometric determination of amyloid β(1-40). Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:98. [PMID: 33624166 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04736-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A dual channel method is described for the determination of the amyloid-β peptide Aβ(1-40) that is associated with Alzheimer's disease. The method exploits (a) conformational changes of a G-quadruplex that are triggered by Na+ and K+ ions and (b) the strong affinity between Aβ(1-40) and Cu2+. A G-quadruplex DNA forms an antiparallel structure in the presence of Na+ and can catalyze the oxidation of tetramethylbenzidine by H2O2 system in the presence of Cu2+ to form a visible blue color. If, however, Cu2+ binds to Aβ(1-40), the blue color is no longer formed. Measuring the absorption decrease at 452 nm, the determination of Aβ(1-40) is realized. If K+ is added to the Na+-containing buffer, the antiparallel G-quadruplex DNA is transformed to parallel. This leads to the insertion of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) into the G-quadruplex and generates enhanced fluorescent signal, with excitation/emission wavelength at 410/630 nm. The G-quadruplex then catalyzes the metalation of PPIX by Cu2+, and the fluorescence intensity decreases. In the presence of Aβ(1-40), the formation of Aβ(1-40)-Cu2+ triggers the recovery of the fluorescence. The Na+/K+-induced tuning of the conformation of the G-quadruplex with the same sequence enables dual (colorimetric and fluorometric) determination of Aβ(1-40), with detection limits of 4.9 pM and 2.3 pM, respectively. The cost is quite low since the developed strategy is label free and enzyme free by using low-cost DNA and Cu2+. More importantly, the dual channel determination operation is very simple without any further modification process. Tuning the conformation of G-quadruplexes by sodium(I) and potassium(I): application to photometric and fluorometric determination of amyloid β(1-40).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, People's Republic of China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxue Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, People's Republic of China
| | - Dafeng Jiang
- Department of Physical and Chemical Testing, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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Fehrman C, Robbins TD, Meliza CD. Nonlinear effects of intrinsic dynamics on temporal encoding in a model of avian auditory cortex. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008768. [PMID: 33617539 PMCID: PMC7932506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons exhibit diverse intrinsic dynamics, which govern how they integrate synaptic inputs to produce spikes. Intrinsic dynamics are often plastic during development and learning, but the effects of these changes on stimulus encoding properties are not well known. To examine this relationship, we simulated auditory responses to zebra finch song using a linear-dynamical cascade model, which combines a linear spectrotemporal receptive field with a dynamical, conductance-based neuron model, then used generalized linear models to estimate encoding properties from the resulting spike trains. We focused on the effects of a low-threshold potassium current (KLT) that is present in a subset of cells in the zebra finch caudal mesopallium and is affected by early auditory experience. We found that KLT affects both spike adaptation and the temporal filtering properties of the receptive field. The direction of the effects depended on the temporal modulation tuning of the linear (input) stage of the cascade model, indicating a strongly nonlinear relationship. These results suggest that small changes in intrinsic dynamics in tandem with differences in synaptic connectivity can have dramatic effects on the tuning of auditory neurons. Experience-dependent developmental plasticity involves changes not only to synaptic connections, but to voltage-gated currents as well. Using biophysical models, it is straightforward to predict the effects of this intrinsic plasticity on the firing patterns of individual neurons, but it remains difficult to understand the consequences for sensory coding. We investigated this in the context of the zebra finch auditory cortex, where early exposure to a complex acoustic environment causes increased expression of a low-threshold potassium current. We simulated responses to song using a detailed biophysical model and then characterized encoding properties using generalized linear models. This analysis revealed that this potassium current has strong, nonlinear effects on how the model encodes the song’s temporal structure, and that the sign of these effects depend on the temporal tuning of the synaptic inputs. This nonlinearity gives intrinsic plasticity broad scope as a mechanism for developmental learning in the auditory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Fehrman
- Psychology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Tyler D. Robbins
- Cognitive Science Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - C. Daniel Meliza
- Psychology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sato E, Hirata K, Lisy JM, Ishiuchi SI, Fujii M. Rethinking Ion Transport by Ionophores: Experimental and Computational Investigation of Single Water Hydration in Valinomycin-K + Complexes. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:1754-1758. [PMID: 33570410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Valinomycin is a macrocyclic ionophore that transports K+ across hydrophobic membranes. Its function depends on selectivity, capture, transport, and release of the ion. While thermodynamics clearly indicate that valinomycin binds K+ preferentially over all other alkali ions, characterizing the capture/transport/release of K+ by valinomycin at the molecular level remains a challenge. The bracelet-like structure of valinomycin-K+ (K+VM) has the ion completely enveloped, facilitating transport through the cell membrane. We report that hydration by a single water molecule, (K+VM)(H2O), produces three different conformers, identified by infrared spectroscopy and supporting computational studies. For two minor conformers, the water prevents the ionophore from closing, a conformation that would inhibit diffusion through the membrane. However, the dominant conformer encloses both the ion and the water, replicating the bracelet-like K+VM and arguably enhancing diffusion through the membrane. This potential for active participation of water in transport through the hydrophobic cellular membrane has never been previously considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Sato
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, 226-8503 Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hirata
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, 226-8503 Yokohama, Japan
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), Institute of Innovation Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, 226-8503 Yokohama, Japan
| | - James M Lisy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), Institute of Innovation Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, 226-8503 Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Ishiuchi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, 226-8503 Yokohama, Japan
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), Institute of Innovation Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, 226-8503 Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Masaaki Fujii
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, 226-8503 Yokohama, Japan
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), Institute of Innovation Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, 226-8503 Yokohama, Japan
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Gaeta M, Rodolico E, Fragalà ME, Pappalardo A, Pisagatti I, Gattuso G, Notti A, Parisi MF, Purrello R, D’Urso A. Self-Assembly of Discrete Porphyrin/Calix[4]tube Complexes Promoted by Potassium Ion Encapsulation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030704. [PMID: 33572895 PMCID: PMC7866244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pivotal role played by potassium ions in the noncovalent synthesis of discrete porphyrin-calixarene nanostructures has been examined. The flattened-cone conformation adopted by the two cavities of octa-cationic calix[4]tube C4T was found to prevent the formation of complexes with well-defined stoichiometry between this novel water-soluble calixarene and the tetra-anionic phenylsulfonate porphyrin CuTPPS. Conversely, preorganization of C4T into a C4v-symmetrical scaffold, triggered by potassium ion encapsulation (C4T@K+), allowed us to carry out an efficient hierarchical self-assembly process leading to 2D and 3D nanostructures. The stepwise formation of discrete CuTPPS/C4T@K+ noncovalent assemblies, containing up to 33 molecular elements, was conveniently monitored by UV/vis spectroscopy by following the absorbance of the porphyrin Soret band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.G.); (E.R.); (M.E.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Elisabetta Rodolico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.G.); (E.R.); (M.E.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Maria E. Fragalà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.G.); (E.R.); (M.E.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrea Pappalardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.G.); (E.R.); (M.E.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Ilenia Pisagatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Anna Notti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.P.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (M.F.P.); (R.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Melchiorre F. Parisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.P.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (M.F.P.); (R.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Roberto Purrello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.G.); (E.R.); (M.E.F.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (M.F.P.); (R.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Alessandro D’Urso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.G.); (E.R.); (M.E.F.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (M.F.P.); (R.P.); (A.D.)
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Giudici AM, Díaz-García C, Renart ML, Coutinho A, Prieto M, González-Ros JM, Poveda JA. Tetraoctylammonium, a Long Chain Quaternary Ammonium Blocker, Promotes a Noncollapsed, Resting-Like Inactivated State in KcsA. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020490. [PMID: 33419017 PMCID: PMC7825302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkylammonium salts have been used extensively to study the structure and function of potassium channels. Here, we use the hydrophobic tetraoctylammonium (TOA+) to shed light on the structure of the inactivated state of KcsA, a tetrameric prokaryotic potassium channel that serves as a model to its homologous eukaryotic counterparts. By the combined use of a thermal denaturation assay and the analysis of homo-Förster resonance energy transfer in a mutant channel containing a single tryptophan (W67) per subunit, we found that TOA+ binds the channel cavity with high affinity, either with the inner gate open or closed. Moreover, TOA+ bound at the cavity allosterically shifts the equilibrium of the channel's selectivity filter conformation from conductive to an inactivated-like form. The inactivated TOA+-KcsA complex exhibits a loss in the affinity towards permeant K+ at pH 7.0, when the channel is in its closed state, but maintains the two sets of K+ binding sites and the W67-W67 intersubunit distances characteristic of the selectivity filter in the channel resting state. Thus, the TOA+-bound state differs clearly from the collapsed channel state described by X-ray crystallography and claimed to represent the inactivated form of KcsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marcela Giudici
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universidad Miguel Hernández, E-03202 Elche, Spain; (A.M.G.); (M.L.R.)
| | - Clara Díaz-García
- Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience (IBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.D.-G.); (A.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Maria Lourdes Renart
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universidad Miguel Hernández, E-03202 Elche, Spain; (A.M.G.); (M.L.R.)
| | - Ana Coutinho
- Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience (IBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.D.-G.); (A.C.); (M.P.)
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuel Prieto
- Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience (IBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.D.-G.); (A.C.); (M.P.)
| | - José M. González-Ros
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universidad Miguel Hernández, E-03202 Elche, Spain; (A.M.G.); (M.L.R.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.G.-R.); (J.A.P.); Tel.: +34-966-658-757 (J.M.G.-R.); +34-966-658-466 (J.A.P.)
| | - José Antonio Poveda
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universidad Miguel Hernández, E-03202 Elche, Spain; (A.M.G.); (M.L.R.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.G.-R.); (J.A.P.); Tel.: +34-966-658-757 (J.M.G.-R.); +34-966-658-466 (J.A.P.)
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Shah AN, Tanveer M, Abbas A, Fahad S, Baloch MS, Ahmad MI, Saud S, Song Y. Targeting salt stress coping mechanisms for stress tolerance in Brassica: A research perspective. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 158:53-64. [PMID: 33296846 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Brassica genus comprises numerous cultivated brassica species with various economic importance. Salt stress is an overwhelming problem causing serious losses in Brassica species (e.g. B. napus, B. rapa, B. oleracea, B. juncea) growth and grain yield production by inducing ionic and ROS toxicity. Given that a significant variation exists in salt tolerance level in Brassica genus, Brassica species exhibited numerous salt tolerance mechanisms which were either overlooked or given less importance to improve and understand innate salt stress tolerance mechanism in Brassica species. In this review, we tried to highlight the importance and recent findings relating to some overlooked and potential mechanisms such as role of neurotransmitters, and role of cytosolic Ca2+ and ROS as signaling elements to enhance salt stress tolerance. Studies revealed that salt tolerant brassica species retained more K+ in leaf mesophyll which confers overall salinity tolerance in salt tolerance brassica species. Neurotransmitter such as melatonin, dopamiane and eATP regulates K+ and Ca2+ permeable ion channels and plays a very crucial role in ionic homeostasis under salinity stress in brassica. At the end, the numerous possible salt stress agronomic strategies were also discussed to mitigate the severity of the salt stress in Brassica species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Noor Shah
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Mohsin Tanveer
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Asad Abbas
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China; Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Safdar Baloch
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, 29050, KPK, Pakistan
| | | | - Shah Saud
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Youhong Song
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Leomo S, Alam S, Afrianto E, Ode Jamil L. Cover Crop Residue Effects on Soil and Corn Performance in Ex-Nickel Mining Soils. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:888-894. [PMID: 34486356 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.888.894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> The use of cover crop residue for improving soil quality has been widely applied. Nevertheless, the effectiveness for improving ex-mining soil quality and crop performance at ex-mining soils is rarely documented. This study investigated the effect of cover crop residue on soil quality enhancement and corn production established in ex-nickel mining soils. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> An experiment comprising three treatment of cover crops residue, including <i>Eleusine indica, Centrosema pubescens</i> and <i>Calopogonium mucunoides</i>, arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. The soil improvement process was evaluated by several parameters, such as soil acidity, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, exchangeable potassium, exchangeable magnesium and heavy metals. On the other side, corn's growth performance was assessed using some attributes, i.e. height, diameter, total leaves, leaf area and biomass accumulation. <b>Results:</b> The results demonstrated that the cover crops residue had the potential to improve ex-nickel mining soil quality. The highest soil improvement was recorded in total nitrogen (700-800%). The treatments also showed a positive advantage to reduce heavy metals content, particularly for Fe, Mn and Zn by approximately 51.58-85.74%. No significant difference in corn growth performance was found in this study (p>0.05). However, the utilization of crop residue from <i>Calopogonium mucunoides </i>exhibited relatively higher total biomass than other treatments by around 3.08±1.99 g plant<sup>1</sup>. <b>Conclusion:</b> Despite the treatments had no significant effect on corn performance. This study realized that cover crop residue could improve soil conditions for providing better environmental conditions for agriculture development.
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Nosyreva ED, Thompson D, Syeda R. Identification and functional characterization of the Piezo1 channel pore domain. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100225. [PMID: 33361157 PMCID: PMC7948955 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is the process by which cells convert physical forces into electrochemical responses. On a molecular scale, these forces are detected by mechanically activated ion channels, which constitute the basis for hearing, touch, pain, cold, and heat sensation, among other physiological processes. Exciting high-resolution structural details of these channels are currently emerging that will eventually allow us to delineate the molecular determinants of gating and ion permeation. However, our structural-functional understanding across the family remains limited. Piezo1 is one of the largest and least understood of these channels, with various structurally identified features within its trimeric assembly. This study seeks to determine the modularity and function of Piezo1 channels by constructing deletion proteins guided by cryo EM structural knowledge. Our comprehensive functional study identified, for the first time, the minimal amino acid sequence of the full-length Piezo1 that can fold and function as the channel's pore domain between E2172 and the last residue E2547. While the addition of an anchor region has no effect on permeation properties. The Piezo1 pore domain is not pressure-sensitive and the appending of Piezo Repeat-A did not restore pressure-dependent gating, hence the sensing module must exist between residues 1 to 1952. Our efforts delineating the permeation and gating regions within this complex ion channel have implications in identifying small molecules that exclusively regulate the activity of the channel's pore module to influence mechanotransduction and downstream processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena D Nosyreva
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - David Thompson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ruhma Syeda
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
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Zdorevskyi OO, Perepelytsya SM. Dynamics of K + counterions around DNA double helix in the external electric field: A molecular dynamics study. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2020; 43:77. [PMID: 33306165 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2020-12000-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The structure of DNA double helix is stabilized by metal counterions condensed to a diffuse layer around the macromolecule. The dynamics of counterions in real conditions is governed by the electric fields from DNA and other biological macromolecules. In the present work the molecular dynamics study was performed for the system of DNA double helix with neutralizing K+ counterions and for the system of KCl salt solution in an external electric field of different strength (up to 32mV/Å). The analysis of ionic conductivities of these systems has shown that the counterions around the DNA double helix are slowed down compared with the KCl salt solution. The calculated values of ion mobility are within (0.05-0.4)mS/cm depending on the orientation of the external electric field relatively to the double helix. Under the electric field parallel to the macromolecule K+ counterions move along the grooves of the double helix staying longer in the places with narrower minor groove. Under the electric field perpendicular to the macromolecule the dynamics of counterions is less affected by DNA atoms, and starting with the electric field values about 30mV/Å the double helix undergoes a phase transition from a double-stranded to a single-strand state.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O Zdorevskyi
- Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 14-b, Metrolohichna Str., 03143, Kiev, Ukraine.
| | - S M Perepelytsya
- Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 14-b, Metrolohichna Str., 03143, Kiev, Ukraine
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Liu R, Wang D. Soil C, N, P and K stoichiometry affected by vegetation restoration patterns in the alpine region of the Loess Plateau, Northwest China. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241859. [PMID: 33151996 PMCID: PMC7644019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Grain-for-Green project is an important ecological restoration measure to address the degradation of alpine ecosystems in China, which has an important impact on the ecological stoichiometry of soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). However, soil stoichiometry changes under different vegetation restoration patterns and at different soil depths remain poorly understood in the alpine region of the Loess Plateau. To clarify these soil stoichiometry changes, a 0–60 cm soil profile was sampled from two typical vegetation restoration patterns: grassland (GL) and forestland (FL), including Picea crassifolia (PC), Larix principis-rupprechtii (LR), Populus cathayana (PR) and Betula platyphylla (BP). The control was a wheat field (WF). In all soil layers, the soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), soil available nitrogen and potassium (AN and AK, respectively) and C:P, C:K, N:P and N:K ratios of FL were higher than those of GL and WF. The TN content and N:P and N:K ratios of GL were higher than those of WF in each soil layer. Additionally, the soil nutrients (except TK) of all vegetation types and stoichiometry of PR and GL (except the N:P ratio of GL) were greater at 0–20 cm than at 20–60 cm. Moreover, the SOC and TN showed the strongest correlation with the soil stoichiometry (except P:K ratio); thus, C and N had the greatest effect on the soil stoichiometry. Furthermore, soil fertility was limited by N. Our results indicated that different vegetation restoration patterns and soil depths had significant effects on the soil nutrients and stoichiometry in the alpine region of the Loess Plateau. The recovery of farmland to forestland promoted better improvements of soil nutrients, and PR had the most significant positive effect on soil surface nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruosha Liu
- College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Jing J, Zhang S, Yuan L, Li Y, Lin Z, Xiong Q, Zhao B. Combining humic acid with phosphate fertilizer affects humic acid structure and its stimulating efficacy on the growth and nutrient uptake of maize seedlings. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17502. [PMID: 33060730 PMCID: PMC7562911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74349-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper analyzed the compositional and structural changes of humic acid (HA) after combined with phosphate fertilizer (PHA), and investigated its effects on the growth of maize seedlings with four humic acid concentrations. The results showed that the atomic ratios of O/C and (O + N)/N of PHA were significantly lower than those of HA, which indicated that PHA had poor hydrophilicity compared with HA. The spectra of FTIR and NMR results suggested that the relative content of carboxyl group in PHA was higher than that in HA. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technology showed that the relative amount of C-C in PHA was lower than that in HA, while C-H was the opposite. The above changes were attributed to the crack of HA structure during the preparation of humic acid enhanced phosphate fertilizer, which was verified by the results from the determination of gel permeation chromatography that there were more low molecular weight components in PHA than that in HA. However, compared with HA, PHA showed a worse effect in promoting growth and the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by maize seedlings. This worse effect might be attributed to the poor hydrophilicity and unsuitable addition amount of PHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyuan Jing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuiqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Liang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanting Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhian Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qizhong Xiong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Bingqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Zhang D, Howarth GS, Parkin LA, McDermott AE. NMR studies of lipid regulation of the K + channel KcsA. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2020; 1863:183491. [PMID: 33065136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The membrane environment, including specific lipid characteristics, plays important roles in the folding, stability, and gating of the prokaryotic potassium channel KcsA. Here we study the effect of membrane composition on the population of various functional states of KcsA. The spectra provide support for the previous observation of copurifying phospholipids with phosphoglycerol headgroups. Additional, exogenously added anionic lipids do not appear to be required to stabilize the open conductive conformation of KcsA, which was previously thought to be the case. On the contrary, NMR-based binding studies indicate that including anionic lipids in proteoliposomes at acidic pH leads to a weaker potassium ion affinity at the selectivity filter. Since K+ ion loss leads to channel inactivation, these results suggest that anionic lipids promote channel inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, United States of America
| | - Gary S Howarth
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, United States of America
| | - Lia A Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, United States of America
| | - Ann E McDermott
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, United States of America.
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