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Huang Z, Zhang T, Ju A, Xu Z, Zhao Y. Macroporous, Highly Hygroscopic, and Leakage-Free Composites for Efficient Atmospheric Water Harvesting. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:16893-16902. [PMID: 38525842 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Hygroscopic composites based on hygroscopic salts and hydrogels are promising for atmospheric water harvesting (AWH), but their relatively low water production and possible salt leakage hinder real applications. Here, we report highly hygroscopic and leakage-free composites from loading LiCl into emulsion-templated sodium alginate and poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels with macroporous structures and interpenetrating polymer networks. The resulting composites exhibited an enhanced moisture uptake (up to 3.4 g g-1) and leakage-free behavior even at an extremely high relative humidity (RH) of 90%. Moreover, the composites showed accelerated adsorption, with high adsorption (0.803 g g-1 water at 25 °C and 90% RH within 1 h) and desorption due to the emulsion-templated, highly interconnected macropores. The hygroscopic composites obtained 1.12 g g-1 water per adsorption-desorption collection cycle and showed high reusability, without obvious deterioration in adsorption, desorption, and collection after 10 cycles. With the presence of carbon nanotubes, solar-driven AWH could be realized, without the requirement of additional energy. The highly hygroscopic and leakage-free composites with enhanced and accelerated adsorption and desorption are excellent candidates for efficient AWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Huang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Textile Dyeing and Printing for Energy Conservation, Discharge Reduction and Cleaner Production, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- China National Textile and Apparel Council Key Laboratory for Silk Functional Materials and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Aiming Ju
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhiguang Xu
- China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Adane AM, Park SY. Photonic Interpenetrating Polymer Network Fibers Comprising Intertwined Solid-State Cholesteric Liquid Crystal and Polyelectrolyte Networks for Sensor Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:16830-16843. [PMID: 38509801 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Uniform-sized photonic interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) fibers comprising intertwined solid-state cholesteric liquid crystal (CLCsolid) and anionic poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) or cationic poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) networks (photonic IPNPAA or IPNPDMAEMA fibers) were developed for sensor applications. IPNPAA or IPNPDMAEMA fibers with a perfect photonic structure were fabricated inside Teflon tube templates without any treatments for realizing a planar orientation in those fibers. The dominant wavelength of the photonic color from a photograph taken with a cellular phone was used to measure the photonic color change. Photonic IPNPAA fibers treated with KOH (IPNKOH fibers) were used for sensing humidity and divalent metal ions. The linear ranges for relative humidity and Ca2+ detection were 21-92% and 0.5-3.5 mM, and their limits of detection (LODs) were 7.86% and 0.07 mM, respectively. The photonic IPNPAA (or IPNPDMAEMA) fiber immobilized with urease (IPNPAA-urease) (or glucose oxidase (IPNPDMAEMA-GOx)) was used for urea (or glucose) biosensor application. The photonic IPNPAA-urease (or IPNPDMAEMA-GOx) fiber was red-shifted in response to urea (or glucose) in the linear range of 10-60 mM (or 2-16 mM) with an LOD of 2.54 mM (or 0.76 mM). These photonic IPN fibers are promising because of their easy fabrication and miniaturization, battery-free device, cost-effectiveness, and visual detection without using sophisticated analytical instruments. The developed photonic IPN fibers provide new possibilities for the widespread use of photonic sensors in cutting-edge wearable technology and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amhagiyorgis Mesfin Adane
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Polymeric Nano Materials Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Young Park
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Polymeric Nano Materials Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Grønnemose RB, Tornby DR, Riber SS, Hjelmager JS, Riber LPS, Lindholt JS, Andersen TE. An Antibiotic-Loaded Silicone-Hydrogel Interpenetrating Polymer Network for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infections. Gels 2023; 9:826. [PMID: 37888399 PMCID: PMC10606314 DOI: 10.3390/gels9100826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are among the most frequent healthcare-associated infections, resulting in high morbidity, mortality, and cost. While correct hygiene measures and prophylactic antibiotics are effective in preventing SSIs, even in modern healthcare settings where recommended guidelines are strictly followed, SSIs persist as a considerable problem that has proven hard to solve. Surgical procedures involving the implantation of foreign bodies are particularly problematic due to the ability of microorganisms to adhere to and colonize the implanted material and form resilient biofilms. In these cases, SSIs may develop even months after implantation and can be difficult to treat once established. Locally applied antibiotics or specifically engineered implant materials with built-in antibiotic-release properties may prevent these complications and, ultimately, require fewer antibiotics compared to those that are systemically administered. In this study, we demonstrated an antimicrobial material concept with intended use in artificial vascular grafts. The material is a silicone-hydrogel interpenetrating polymer network developed earlier for drug-release catheters. In this study, we designed the material for permanent implantation and tested the drug-loading and drug-release properties of the material to prevent the growth of a typical causative pathogen of SSIs, Staphylococcus aureus. The novelty of this study is demonstrated through the antimicrobial properties of the material in vitro after loading it with an advantageous combination, minocycline and rifampicin, which subsequently showed superiority over the state-of-the-art (Propaten) artificial graft material in a large-animal study, using a novel porcine tissue-implantation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Birkholm Grønnemose
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (R.B.G.); (D.R.T.)
- Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Ditte Rask Tornby
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (R.B.G.); (D.R.T.)
- Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Sara Schødt Riber
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (S.S.R.); (L.P.S.R.); (J.S.L.)
- Research Unit of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Janni Søvsø Hjelmager
- Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Lars Peter Schødt Riber
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (S.S.R.); (L.P.S.R.); (J.S.L.)
- Research Unit of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jes Sanddal Lindholt
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (S.S.R.); (L.P.S.R.); (J.S.L.)
- Research Unit of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Emil Andersen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (R.B.G.); (D.R.T.)
- Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
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Gao L, Li Y, Fu W, Zhou L, Fang S. Preparation and Performance of Silicone Rubber Composites Modified by Polyurethane. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3920. [PMID: 37835969 PMCID: PMC10575395 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicone rubber composites with good comprehensive properties modified with polyurethane were obtained through mixing and vulcanizing methods. Firstly, the polyurethane prepolymer with double bonds was prepared by polytetrahydrofuran glycol (PTMG, Mn = 1000), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). The prepolymer was then added to the silicone rubber compounds to prepare silicone rubber composites, combining the excellent properties of polyurethane with the silicone rubber materials. The effects of polyurethane content on the mechanical properties, insulation, hydrophobicity, thermal stability, and flame retardancy of composites were studied in detail. The results showed that the silicone rubber composites not only have good hydrophobicity, thermal stability and flame retardant properties, but the addition of polyurethane significantly improves the tensile strength at room and low temperatures and the volume resistivity of the materials. The tensile strength increased by 32.5%, and the volume resistivity nearly doubled. The excellent electrical insulation, high hydrophobicity and good mechanical properties make the silicone rubber composites appropriate for use in the field of polymeric house arresters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Gao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China (L.Z.)
| | | | | | | | - Shaoming Fang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China (L.Z.)
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Adane AM, Park SY. Bilayer Actuator Film for Urea Biosensing with Dual Responsiveness: Bending Actuation and Photonic Color Change. ACS Sens 2023; 8:2290-2297. [PMID: 37213078 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A noninvasive sweat-based biosensor was developed for urea detection using a photonic bilayer actuator film (BAF) consisting of an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) as the active layer and a flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate as the passive layer (IPN/PET). The active IPN layer comprises intertwined solid-state cholesteric liquid crystal and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) networks. Urease was immobilized in the PAA network in the IPN layer of the photonic BAF. The interaction with aqueous urea altered the curvature and photonic color of the photonic urease-immobilized IPN/PET (IPNurease/PET) BAF. The curvature (and wavelength of the photonic color) of the IPNurease/PET BAF increased linearly with urea concentration (Curea) in the range of Curea = 20-65 (and 30-65) mM with a limit of detection value of 1.42 (and 1.34) mM. The developed photonic IPNurease/PET BAF exhibited high selectivity toward urea and excellent spike test results with real human sweat. This novel IPNurease/PET BAF is promising because it enables battery-free, cost-effective, and visual detection-based analysis without the use of sophisticated instruments. Furthermore, the application of this photonic IPN/PET BAF can be easily extended to other biosensors by immobilizing other receptors on the IPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amhagiyorgis Mesfin Adane
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Polymeric Nano Materials Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Young Park
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Polymeric Nano Materials Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Wang L, Zhang F, Du S, Leng J. 4D Printing of Triple-Shape Memory Cyanate Composites Based on Interpenetrating Polymer Network Structures. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:21496-21506. [PMID: 37084334 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The triple-shape memory polymer (TSMP) can be programmed into two temporary shapes (S1 and S2) and shows an ordinal recovery from S2 to S1 and eventually to the permanent shape upon heating, which realizes more complex stimulus-response motions. We introduced a novel strategy for forming triple-shape memory cyanate ester (TSMCE) resins with high strength and fracture toughness via three-step curing, including four-dimensional (4D) printing, UV post-curing, and thermal curing. The obtained TSMCE resins presented two separated glass transition temperature (Tg) regions due to the formation of an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN), which successfully endowed the polymers with the triple-shape memory effect. The two Tg increased with the increasing cyanate ester (CE) prepolymer content; their ranges were 82.7-102.1 °C and 164.4-229.0 °C, respectively. The fracture strain of the IPN CE resin was up to 10.9%. Moreover, the cooperation of short carbon fibers (CFs) and glass fibers (GFs) with the polymer-accelerated phase separation resulted in two well-separated Tg peaks exhibiting better excellent triple-shape memory behaviors and fracture toughness. The strategy for combining the IPN structure and 4D printing provides insight into the preparation of shape memory polymers integrating high strength and toughness, multiple-shape memory effect, and multifunctionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- Centre for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), No. 2 Yikuang Street, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Zhang
- Centre for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), No. 2 Yikuang Street, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanyi Du
- Centre for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), No. 2 Yikuang Street, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsong Leng
- Centre for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), No. 2 Yikuang Street, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
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Shen J, Zhang S, Fang X, Salmon S. Carbonic Anhydrase Enhanced UV-Crosslinked PEG-DA/PEO Extruded Hydrogel Flexible Filaments and Durable Grids for CO 2 Capture. Gels 2023; 9:gels9040341. [PMID: 37102953 PMCID: PMC10137505 DOI: 10.3390/gels9040341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate/poly (ethylene oxide) (PEG-DA/PEO) interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels (IPNH) were extruded into 1D filaments and 2D grids. The suitability of this system for enzyme immobilization and CO2 capture application was validated. IPNH chemical composition was verified spectroscopically using FTIR. The extruded filament had an average tensile strength of 6.5 MPa and elongation at break of 80%. IPNH filament can be twisted and bent and therefore is suitable for further processing using conventional textile fabrication methods. Initial activity recovery of the entrapped carbonic anhydrase (CA) calculated from esterase activity, showed a decrease with an increase in enzyme dose, while activity retention of high enzyme dose samples was over 87% after 150 days of repeated washing and testing. IPNH 2D grids that were assembled into spiral roll structured packings exhibited increased CO2 capture efficiency with increasing enzyme dose. Long-term CO2 capture performance of the CA immobilized IPNH structured packing was tested in a continuous solvent recirculation experiment for 1032 h, where 52% of the initial CO2 capture performance and 34% of the enzyme contribution were retained. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using rapid UV-crosslinking to form enzyme-immobilized hydrogels by a geometrically-controllable extrusion process that uses analogous linear polymers for both viscosity enhancement and chain entanglement purposes, and achieves high activity retention and performance stability of the immobilized CA. Potential uses for this system extend to 3D printing inks and enzyme immobilization matrices for such diverse applications as biocatalytic reactors and biosensor fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialong Shen
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8301, USA
| | - Sen Zhang
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8301, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Fang
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8301, USA
| | - Sonja Salmon
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8301, USA
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Ruseva K, Todorova K, Zhivkova T, Milcheva R, Ivanov D, Dimitrov P, Alexandrova R, Vassileva E. Novel Triple Stimuli Responsive Interpenetrating Poly(Carboxybetaine Methacrylate)/Poly(Sulfobetaine Methacrylate) Network. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020090. [PMID: 36826260 PMCID: PMC9956626 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The study reports the synthesis and characterization of novel triple stimuli responsive interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) based on two polyzwitterionic networks, namely of poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) and poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate). The zwitterionic IPN hydrogel demonstrates the ability to expand or shrink in response to changes in three "biological" external stimuli such as temperature, pH, and salt concentration. The IPN hydrogel shows good mechanical stability. In addition, other important features such as non-cytotoxicity and antibiofouling activity against three widespread bacteria as P. Aeruginosa, A. Baumanii, and K. Pneumoniae are demonstrated. The in vivo behavior of the novel zwitterionic IPN hydrogel suggests that this smart material has very good potential as a biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstans Ruseva
- Laboratory on Structure and Properties of Polymers, Department of Pharmaceutical and Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University “St. Kl. Ohridski”, 1 J. Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (K.R.); (E.V.); Tel.: +359-281-614-95 (K.R.)
| | - Katerina Todorova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 25, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tanya Zhivkova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 25, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rositsa Milcheva
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 25, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitar Ivanov
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 25, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petar Dimitrov
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 25, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radostina Alexandrova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 25, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elena Vassileva
- Laboratory on Structure and Properties of Polymers, Department of Pharmaceutical and Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University “St. Kl. Ohridski”, 1 J. Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (K.R.); (E.V.); Tel.: +359-281-614-95 (K.R.)
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Fang Y, Xia J. Highly Stretchable, Soft, and Clear Viscoelastic Film with Good Recoverability for Flexible Display. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:38398-38408. [PMID: 35947040 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of flexible electronic devices has prompted new material development for the display application. For flexible display, a suitable clear viscoelastic film (CVF) is essential to bond different layers in a display stack in order to improve the visualization and durability during the repeated folding process. However, it is challenging to integrate different properties in the CVF by overcoming many contradictory requirements, such as low modulus/glass transition temperature (Tg) and high adhesion or high recoverability and good stress-relaxation. In this work, a CVF was prepared using an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) with bimodal chain length distribution, and it exhibited several favorable properties. The bimodal elastomer was composed of short-chain polyurethane (PU) and long-chain polyacrylate. The long-chain polyacrylate network provided a large amount of entanglement that conferred stretchability, adhesion, and stress-relaxation, whereas the short PU chain network acted as an entropy spring and contributed mostly to the recoverability. The experimental data suggested the presence of a hydrogen-bonding interaction and interlocked polymer chains between the two networks. When the components of the IPN are adjusted, the CVF can simultaneously achieve good stress-relaxation, high strain recovery at large strain (1000%), high toughness, clarity, and adhesion. Moreover, the CVF displayed low glass transition temperature (-57 °C) and low storage modulus (20 to 30 kPa at room temperature). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report using the IPN concept to prepare a CVF with well-balanced properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Fang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jianhui Xia
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Crosby CO, Stern B, Kalkunte N, Pedahzur S, Ramesh S, Zoldan J. Interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels as bioactive scaffolds for tissue engineering. REV CHEM ENG 2022; 38:347-361. [PMID: 35400772 PMCID: PMC8993131 DOI: 10.1515/revce-2020-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering, after decades of exciting progress and monumental breakthroughs, has yet to make a significant impact on patient health. It has become apparent that a dearth of biomaterial scaffolds that possess the material properties of human tissue while remaining bioactive and cytocompatible has been partly responsible for this lack of clinical translation. Herein, we propose the development of interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels as materials that can provide cells with an adhesive extracellular matrix-like 3D microenvironment while possessing the mechanical integrity to withstand physiological forces. These hydrogels can be synthesized from biologically-derived or synthetic polymers, the former polymer offering preservation of adhesion, degradability, and microstructure and the latter polymer offering tunability and superior mechanical properties. We review critical advances in the enhancement of mechanical strength, substrate-scale stiffness, electrical conductivity, and degradation in IPN hydrogels intended as bioactive scaffolds in the past five years. We also highlight the exciting incorporation of IPN hydrogels into state-of-the-art tissue engineering technologies, such as organ-on-a-chip and bioprinting platforms. These materials will be critical in the engineering of functional tissue for transplant, disease modeling, and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody O. Crosby
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas
| | - Brett Stern
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas
| | - Nikhith Kalkunte
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas
| | - Shahar Pedahzur
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas
| | - Shreya Ramesh
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas
| | - Janet Zoldan
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas
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Chhabra N, Desai K, Singbal KP. Comparative evaluation of fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary premolars reinforced by customized glass fiber post in two different ways: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2022; 25:555-560. [PMID: 36506618 PMCID: PMC9733547 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_270_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Endodontically treated premolars are currently restored with direct bonded techniques in conservative manner enabling them to bear functional stresses homogeneously. Aim The study aimed to evaluate the effect of placement of compactable glass fibers in reinforcing the endodontically treated teeth in a novel conservative manner. Settings and Design Research laboratory, in vitro study. Materials and Methods Seventy-five extracted maxillary premolars were procured. Fifteen teeth were left untreated (Group A) and the remaining teeth were endodontically treated followed by standardized mesio-occluso-distal preparation and randomly assigned to experimental groups (n = 15) as follows: (B) no restoration, (C) restoration with composite, (D) EverStick® POST followed by composite, and (E) vertical glass fibers within 3 mm of the coronal root canal space and buccopalatal flaring of the coronal fibers followed by composite. After conditioning and thermocycling, specimens were loaded under a universal testing machine to evaluate fracture resistance and fracture pattern of specimens. Statistical Analysis Used Obtained scores were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance test for stress analysis, post hoc Tukey's test for intergroup comparison, and Chi-square test for analysis of favorable and unfavorable fracture. Results The fracture resistance was highest to lowest as follows: Group A > E > C > D > B (P < 0.001). Conclusion EverStick®POST used in conservative manner improved fracture strength of teeth significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Chhabra
- Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,Address for correspondence: Dr. Naveen Chhabra, Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. E-mail:
| | - Krupa Desai
- Consultant Endodontist, Thane, Mumbai, India
| | - Kiran Prabhakar Singbal
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Malaysian Allied Health Sciences Academy University, Selangor, Malaysia
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Hatta M, Shinya A, Gomi H, Vallittu PK, Säilynoja E, Lassila LVJ. Effect of Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN) Thermoplastic Resin on Flexural Strength of Fibre-Reinforced Composite and the Penetration of Bonding Resin into Semi-IPN FRC Post. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3200. [PMID: 34578101 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) thermoplastic resin on the flexural strength of fibre-reinforced composite (FRC) with different IPN polymer compositions. The penetration of bonding resin into semi-IPN FRC posts was also evaluated. The IPN thermoplastic resin used was UDMA-MMA monomer with either PMMA (0.5%, 2%, 5%) or PMMA-copolymer (0.5%, 2%). A no added IPN polymer resin was also made. Mixed resin was impregnated to S- and E-glass fibre rovings. These resins and resin impregnated fibres were used for flexural strength (FS) test. To evaluate the penetration of bonding resin into semi-IPN post, SEM observation was done with various impregnation time and polymerization mehods (hand-light- and oven-cure). The result of FS was recorded from 111.7 MPa (no-IPN polymer/no-fibre-reinforcement) to 543.0 MPa (5% PMMA/S-glass FRC). ANOVA showed that there were significant differences between fibre-reinforcement and no-fibre-reinforcement (p < 0.01) both in S- and E-glass fibre groups, and between 0.5% PMMA and 5% PMMA in the S-glass FRC group. SEM micrographs showed that the penetration layers of bonding resin into hand-light cured semi-IPN posts were different according to impregnation time. Fibre reinforcement is effective to improve flexural strength. The depth of penetration layer of bonding resin into semi-IPN matrix resin was improved when a hand-light cure was used.
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Konuray O, Sola A, Bonada J, Tercjak A, Fabregat-Sanjuan A, Fernández-Francos X, Ramis X. Cost-Effectively 3D-Printed Rigid and Versatile Interpenetrating Polymer Networks. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:4544. [PMID: 34443067 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Versatile acrylate–epoxy hybrid formulations are becoming widespread in photo/thermal dual-processing scenarios, especially in 3D printing applications. Usually, parts are printed in a stereolithography or digital light processing (DLP) 3D printer, after which a thermal treatment would bestow the final material with superior mechanical properties. We report the successful formulation of such a hybrid system, consisting of a commercial 3D printing acrylate resin modified by an epoxy–anhydride mixture. In the final polymeric network, we observed segregation of an epoxy-rich phase as nano-domains, similar to what was observed in a previous work. However, in the current work, we show the effectiveness of a coupling agent added to the formulation to mitigate this segregation for when such phase separation is undesired. The hybrid materials showed significant improvement of Young’s modulus over the neat acrylate. Once the flexible, partially-cured material was printed with a minimal number of layers, it could be molded into a complex form and thermally cured. Temporary shapes were readily programmable on this final material, with easy shape recovery under mild temperatures. Inspired by repairable 3D printed materials described recently, we manufactured a large object by printing its two halves, and then joined them covalently at the thermal cure stage with an apparently seamless union.
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14
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Stærk K, Grønnemose RB, Palarasah Y, Kolmos HJ, Lund L, Alm M, Thomsen P, Andersen TE. A Novel Device-Integrated Drug Delivery System for Local Inhibition of Urinary Tract Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:685698. [PMID: 34248906 PMCID: PMC8267894 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.685698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is a frequent community-acquired infection and the most common nosocomial infection. Here, we developed a novel antimicrobial catheter concept that utilizes a silicone-based interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) as balloon material to facilitate a topical slow-release prophylaxis of antibacterial agents across the balloon to the urinary bladder. Methods: The balloon material was achieved by modifying low shore hardness silicone tubes with a hydrogel interpenetrating polymer in supercritical CO2 using the sequential method. Release properties and antibacterial efficacy of the IPN balloon treatment concept was investigated in vitro and in a porcine CAUTI model developed for the study. In the latter, Bactiguard Infection Protection (BIP) Foley catheters were also assessed to enable benchmark with the traditional antimicrobial coating principle. Results: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli was undetectable in urinary bladders and on retrieved catheters in the IPN treatment group as compared to control that revealed significant bacteriuria (>105 colony forming units/ml) as well as catheter-associated biofilm. The BIP catheters failed to prevent E. coli colonization of the bladder but significantly reduced catheter biofilm formation compared to the control. Conclusion: The IPN-catheter concept provides a novel, promising delivery route for local treatment in the urinary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Stærk
- Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Birkholm Grønnemose
- Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Yaseelan Palarasah
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hans Jørn Kolmos
- Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Lund
- Research Unit of Urology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Thomas Emil Andersen
- Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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15
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Shojarazavi N, Mashayekhan S, Pazooki H, Mohsenifard S, Baniasadi H. Alginate/cartilage extracellular matrix-based injectable interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering. J Biomater Appl 2021; 36:803-817. [PMID: 34121491 DOI: 10.1177/08853282211024020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, alginate/cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM)-based injectable hydrogel was developed incorporated with silk fibroin nanofibers (SFN) for cartilage tissue engineering. The in situ forming hydrogels were composed of different ionic crosslinked alginate concentrations with 1% w/v enzymatically crosslinked phenolized cartilage ECM, resulting in an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN). The response surface methodology (RSM) approach was applied to optimize IPN hydrogel's mechanical properties by varying alginate and SFN concentrations. The results demonstrated that upon increasing the alginate concentration, the compression modulus improved. The SFN concentration was optimized to reach a desired mechanical stiffness. Accordingly, the concentrations of alginate and SFN to have an optimum compression modulus in the hydrogel were found to be 1.685 and 1.724% w/v, respectively. The gelation time was found to be about 10 s for all the samples. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed homogeneous dispersion of the SFN in the hydrogel, mimicking the natural cartilage environment. Furthermore, water uptake capacity, degradation rate, cell cytotoxicity, and glycosaminoglycan and collagen II secretions were determined for the optimum hydrogel to support its potential as an injectable scaffold for articular cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Shojarazavi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Mashayekhan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Pazooki
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf Mohsenifard
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baniasadi
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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16
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Rodrigues Sousa H, Lima IS, Neris LML, Silva AS, Santos Nascimento AMS, Araújo FP, Ratke RF, Silva DA, Osajima JA, Bezerra LR, Silva-Filho EC. Superabsorbent Hydrogels Based to Polyacrylamide/Cashew Tree Gum for the Controlled Release of Water and Plant Nutrients. Molecules 2021; 26:2680. [PMID: 34063701 PMCID: PMC8125684 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural production is influenced by the water content in the soil and availability of fertilizers. Thus, superabsorbent hydrogels, based on polyacrylamide, natural cashew tree gum (CG) and potassium hydrogen phosphate (PHP), as fertilizer and water releaser were developed. The structure, morphology, thermal stability and chemical composition of samples of polyacrylamide and cashew tree gum hydrogels with the presence of fertilizer (HCGP) and without fertilizer (HCG) were investigated, using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA/DTG) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Swelling/reswelling tests, textural analysis, effect of pH, release of nutrients and kinetics were determined; the ecotoxicity of the hydrogels was investigated by the Artemia salina test. The results showed that PHP incorporation in the hydrogel favored the crosslinking of chains. This increased the thermal stability in HCGP but decreased the hardness and adhesion properties. The HCGP demonstrated good swelling capacity (~15,000 times) and an excellent potential for reuse after fifty-five consecutive cycles. The swelling was favored in an alkaline pH due to the ionization of hydrophilic groups. The sustained release of phosphorus in HCGP was described by the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, and Fickian diffusion is the main fertilizer release mechanism. Finally, the hydrogels do not demonstrate toxicity, and HCGP has potential for application in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heldeney Rodrigues Sousa
- LIMAV, Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Piaui Federal University, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina 64049-550, Piaui, Brazil; (H.R.S.); (I.S.L.); (L.M.L.N.); (A.S.S.); (A.M.S.S.N.); (F.P.A.); (D.A.S.); (J.A.O.)
| | - Idglan Sá Lima
- LIMAV, Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Piaui Federal University, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina 64049-550, Piaui, Brazil; (H.R.S.); (I.S.L.); (L.M.L.N.); (A.S.S.); (A.M.S.S.N.); (F.P.A.); (D.A.S.); (J.A.O.)
| | - Lucas Matheus Lima Neris
- LIMAV, Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Piaui Federal University, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina 64049-550, Piaui, Brazil; (H.R.S.); (I.S.L.); (L.M.L.N.); (A.S.S.); (A.M.S.S.N.); (F.P.A.); (D.A.S.); (J.A.O.)
| | - Albert Santos Silva
- LIMAV, Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Piaui Federal University, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina 64049-550, Piaui, Brazil; (H.R.S.); (I.S.L.); (L.M.L.N.); (A.S.S.); (A.M.S.S.N.); (F.P.A.); (D.A.S.); (J.A.O.)
| | - Ariane Maria Silva Santos Nascimento
- LIMAV, Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Piaui Federal University, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina 64049-550, Piaui, Brazil; (H.R.S.); (I.S.L.); (L.M.L.N.); (A.S.S.); (A.M.S.S.N.); (F.P.A.); (D.A.S.); (J.A.O.)
| | - Francisca Pereira Araújo
- LIMAV, Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Piaui Federal University, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina 64049-550, Piaui, Brazil; (H.R.S.); (I.S.L.); (L.M.L.N.); (A.S.S.); (A.M.S.S.N.); (F.P.A.); (D.A.S.); (J.A.O.)
| | - Rafael Felippe Ratke
- Graduate Studies in Agronomy, Mato Grosso of Soulth Federal University, Chapadão do Sul 76560-000, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil;
| | - Durcilene Alves Silva
- LIMAV, Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Piaui Federal University, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina 64049-550, Piaui, Brazil; (H.R.S.); (I.S.L.); (L.M.L.N.); (A.S.S.); (A.M.S.S.N.); (F.P.A.); (D.A.S.); (J.A.O.)
- Research Center on Biodiversity and Biotechnolog, Delta do Parnaíba Federal University, Parnaíba 64202-020, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Josy Anteveli Osajima
- LIMAV, Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Piaui Federal University, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina 64049-550, Piaui, Brazil; (H.R.S.); (I.S.L.); (L.M.L.N.); (A.S.S.); (A.M.S.S.N.); (F.P.A.); (D.A.S.); (J.A.O.)
| | - Leilson Rocha Bezerra
- Veterinary Medicine Academic Unit, Campina Grande Federal University, Patos 58708-110, Paraíba, Brazil;
| | - Edson Cavalcanti Silva-Filho
- LIMAV, Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Piaui Federal University, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina 64049-550, Piaui, Brazil; (H.R.S.); (I.S.L.); (L.M.L.N.); (A.S.S.); (A.M.S.S.N.); (F.P.A.); (D.A.S.); (J.A.O.)
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17
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Aprile P, Kelly DJ. Hydrostatic Pressure Regulates the Volume, Aggregation and Chondrogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Derived Stromal Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:619914. [PMID: 33520969 PMCID: PMC7844310 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.619914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The limited ability of articular cartilage to self-repair has motivated the development of tissue engineering strategies that aim to harness the regenerative potential of mesenchymal stem/marrow stromal cells (MSCs). Understanding how environmental factors regulate the phenotype of MSCs will be central to unlocking their regenerative potential. The biophysical environment is known to regulate the phenotype of stem cells, with factors such as substrate stiffness and externally applied mechanical loads known to regulate chondrogenesis of MSCs. In particular, hydrostatic pressure (HP) has been shown to play a key role in the development and maintenance of articular cartilage. Using a collagen-alginate interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogel as a model system to tune matrix stiffness, this study sought to investigate how HP and substrate stiffness interact to regulate chondrogenesis of MSCs. If applied during early chondrogenesis in soft IPN hydrogels, HP was found to downregulate the expression of ACAN, COL2, CDH2 and COLX, but to increase the expression of the osteogenic factors RUNX2 and COL1. This correlated with a reduction in SMAD 2/3, HDAC4 nuclear localization and the expression of NCAD. It was also associated with a reduction in cell volume, an increase in the average distance between MSCs in the hydrogels and a decrease in their tendency to form aggregates. In contrast, the delayed application of HP to MSCs grown in soft hydrogels was associated with increased cellular volume and aggregation and the maintenance of a chondrogenic phenotype. Together these findings demonstrate how tailoring the stiffness and the timing of HP exposure can be leveraged to regulate chondrogenesis of MSCs and opens alternative avenues for developmentally inspired strategies for cartilage tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Aprile
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Pang Y, Shiraishi A, Keil D, Popov S, Strehmel V, Jiao H, Gutmann JS, Zou Y, Strehmel B. NIR-Sensitized Cationic and Hybrid Radical/Cationic Polymerization and Crosslinking. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1465-1473. [PMID: 32964609 PMCID: PMC7839698 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NIR‐sensitized cationic polymerization proceeded with good efficiency, as was demonstrated with epoxides, vinyl ether, and oxetane. A heptacyanine functioned as sensitizer while iodonium salt served as coinitiator. The anion adopts a special function in a series selected from fluorinated phosphates (a: [PF6]−, b: [PF3(C2F5)3]−, c: [PF3(n‐C4F9)3]−), aluminates (d: [Al(O‐t‐C4F9)4]−, e: [Al(O(C3F6)CH3)4]−), and methide [C(O‐SO2CF3)3]− (f). Vinyl ether showed the best cationic polymerization efficiency followed by oxetanes and oxiranes. DFT calculations provided a rough pattern regarding the electrostatic potential of each anion where d showed a better reactivity than e and b. Formation of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) using trimethylpropane triacrylate and epoxides proceeded in the case of NIR‐sensitized polymerization where anion d served as counter ion in the initiator system. No IPN was formed by UV‐LED initiation using the same monomers but thioxanthone/iodonium salt as photoinitiator. Exposure was carried out with new NIR‐LED devices emitting at either 805 or 870 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Pang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, 47798, Krefeld, Germany.,College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St. Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Atsushi Shiraishi
- San-Apro Ltd., 1-40, Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyoku, Kyoto, 615-8245, Japan
| | - Dietmar Keil
- FEW Chemicals GmbH, Technikumstraße 1, 06766, Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany
| | - Sergey Popov
- Spectrum Info Ltd., Murmanskaya 5, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, 47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Hongjun Jiao
- Hubei Gurun Technology Co., LTD., Jingmen Chemical Recycling Industrial Park, 448000, Jingmen, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Jochen S Gutmann
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Center of Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Yingquan Zou
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St. Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, 47798, Krefeld, Germany
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Hussain S, Park SY. Sweat-Based Noninvasive Skin-Patchable Urea Biosensors with Photonic Interpenetrating Polymer Network Films Integrated into PDMS Chips. ACS Sens 2020; 5:3988-3998. [PMID: 33259201 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A wearable noninvasive biosensor for in situ urea detection and quantification was developed using a urease-immobilized photonic interpenetrating polymer network (IPNurease) film. The photonic IPN film was intertwined with solid-state cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCsolid) and a poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) network on a flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate adhered to a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) chip that was fabricated using an aluminum mold. The presence of urea in the chemical matrix of human sweat red-shifted the reflected color of the photonic IPNurease film, and quantification was achieved by observing the wavelength at the photonic band gap (λPBG) with a limit of detection of 0.4 mM and a linear range of 0.9-50 mM. The color changes observed in the photonic IPN film were digitalized using the CIE 1931 xy coordinates on a cell phone image, thereby enabling fast, direct diagnosis via a downloadable app. This novel PDMS chip can be expanded for use with other biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saddam Hussain
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Polymeric Nano Materials Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-young Park
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Polymeric Nano Materials Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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20
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Kim YJ, Park SY. Optical Multisensor Array with Functionalized Photonic Droplets by an Interpenetrating Polymer Network for Human Blood Analysis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:47342-47354. [PMID: 33030883 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Photonic solid-state cholesteric liquid crystal (CLCsolid) droplets intertwined with a poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) network that has an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) structure (referred to as photonic IPN CLCsolid-PAA droplets) were used as individual sensors in the dots of a PAA-patterned array film after functionalization via immobilization of the receptors and a metal-ion treatment. The photonic IPN CLCsolid-PAA droplets in the PAA-patterned array film were pH-responsive and showed an observable change in the reflected central color. This "smart" property, coupled with the photonic color response, makes these devices ideal photonic sensors. The immobilization of urease and phenylboronic acid on the PAA network allowed for the application of several 10 μm photonic IPN CLCsolid-PAA droplets to the optical photonic biosensors through facilitated volumetric changes in the PAA network in response to urea and glucose analytes, with high selectivity for major components in human serum, acceptable sensitivity for use with human serum, and extreme stability due to a solid-state structure. The blueshift of the reflected color of the KOH-treated photonic IPN CLCsolid-PAA droplets could be used for divalent metal-ion detection. The compartmentalized photonic IPN CLCsolid-PAA droplets in the patterned array film could be used for multiple detection applications, as evidenced by the ability to conduct pH, divalent metal ion, urea, and glucose detections in one patterned array film. This new platform opens the door for many interesting applications with numerous combinations of responsive hydrogel matrices and receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ji Kim
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Polymeric Nano Materials Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Young Park
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Polymeric Nano Materials Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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21
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Abstract
Heparin, as an anticoagulant drug, is almost entirely produced via isolation from mucosal tissues of different animals; therefore, it is it is crucial to maximize its recovery. Adsorption of heparin from this complex biological mixture needs a specialized and highly effective adsorbent that almost separates only heparin from the mixture. In this work, a series of spherical cross-linked polymer bead adsorbents were synthesized via inverse suspension polymerization of water soluble monomers in corn oil, a benign solvent, and their performance for heparin adsorption from a biological sample of porcine mucosa was evaluated. To tune the performance and swelling of the resins, we varied the molar ratio of the monomer(s) to the cross-linker as well as the molar ratio of the monomers. The results of heparin recovery from biological porcine mucosa show that our optimized resin can outperform the commercially available resin in terms of adsorption efficiency of up to 18%. The adsorbed heparin was eluted, isolated, and its anticoagulant potency measured using the standard sheep plasma clotting assay. The isolated heparin samples were also analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy to check the possible impurities, and the results show the presence of chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate, as is the case for the heparin eluted from the commercial resin. Furthermore, the effects of some experimental variables including the adsorbent dosage, pH, time, and recycling on heparin adsorption were studied, and the results show that these resins can be used for efficient recovery of heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Enayati
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, New York, United States
| | - Mahmood Karimi Abdolmaleki
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, New York, United States
| | - Alireza Abbaspourrad
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, New York, United States
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Sievers J, Zschoche S, Dockhorn R, Friedrichs J, Werner C, Freudenberg U. Temperature-Induced Mechanomodulation of Interpenetrating Networks of Star Poly(ethylene glycol)-Heparin and Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide). ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:41862-41874. [PMID: 31589405 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive interpenetrating networks (IPNs) were prepared by sequential synthesis of a biohybrid network of star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol) [starPEG] and heparin and a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-polymer network. Amide bond formation was used for cross-linking of the starPEG-heparin network and photo-cross-linking with N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide) was applied for the formation of the second polymer network. Both networks were linked by chain entanglements and hydrogen bonds only. The obtained sequential IPNs (seq-IPNs) showed temperature-dependent network properties as reflected by swelling and elasticity data as well as by the release of glycosaminoglycan-binding growth factors. The elastic modulus of the seq-IPNs was found to be amplified up to 50-fold upon temperature change from 22 to 37 °C compared to the intrinsic elastic moduli of the two combined networks. The heparin concentration (as well as the complexation of growth factors with the hydrogel-contained heparin) was demonstrated to be variably independent from the mechanical properties (elastic moduli) of the hydrogels. Illustrating the usability of the developed seq-IPN platform for cell fate control, the thermo-modulation of the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is shown as well as the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells exposed to stiff and BMP-2 releasing seq-IPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Sievers
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden , Hohe Strasse 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Stefan Zschoche
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden , Hohe Strasse 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Ron Dockhorn
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden , Hohe Strasse 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Jens Friedrichs
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden , Hohe Strasse 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden , Hohe Strasse 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
- Excellence Centers for Regenerative Therapies Dresden and Physics of Life , Technische Universität Dresden , Fetscherstrasse 105 , 01307 Dresden , Germany
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden , Hohe Strasse 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
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Falla T, Rodan K, Fields K, Bianchini R, Mahon C, Skobowiat C. Novel interpenetrating polymer network provides significant and long-lasting improvements in hydration to the skin from different body areas. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 19:1246-1253. [PMID: 31498539 PMCID: PMC7216996 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Hydration and moisturization both impact skin quality, directly reflecting its appearance. Signs and onset of dehydration‐related skin aging are region‐specific and require tailored treatment to be effective. Aims To test the hydrating effects of formulas containing a novel 3‐dimensional 3‐polymer interpenetrating network (3D3P‐IPN) to deliver humectants and actives to specific body sites. Methods Two clinical studies were conducted focused on the skin under eyes and body (arms/legs). Healthy women ages 25‐65 (eyes) or 35‐65 (body) with mild to moderate dry and aged skin were enrolled. Study product containing the 3D3P‐IPN and tailored actives was applied twice daily for 8 weeks on the periorbital area and for 4 weeks on the body. Changes in skin attributes were measured by biophysical instrumentation for hydration, dark circles, skin color, elasticity and transepidermal water loss, and by clinical grading and subject self‐assessment. Results Significant improvements in hydration and skin smoothing were demonstrated in both studies. In the periorbital region, actives and humectants delivered by the 3D3P‐IPN also led to significant improvements in dark circles, fine lines/crow's feet, puffiness, restoring radiance, and overall younger‐looking appearance. On the arms and legs, there were significant reductions in crepiness and dullness. The arms and legs also had improvements in tactile and visual skin texture, radiance, and general healthy look. Improvements were immediate and persisted through the end of both studies. Conclusion The 3D3P‐IPN provides immediate and long‐lasting improvements in skin hydration and overall healthy appearance regardless of the targeted application site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katie Rodan
- Rodan + Fields, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kathy Fields
- Rodan + Fields, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Yue Y, Wang X, Wu Q, Han J, Jiang J. Assembly of Polyacrylamide-Sodium Alginate-Based Organic-Inorganic Hydrogel with Mechanical and Adsorption Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1239. [PMID: 31357415 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels have been widely used in water purification. However, there is not much discussion and comparison about the effects of different nanofillers on the reinforcement and adsorption performances of hydrogels, which can be subjected to rapid water flow and possess strong adsorption ability. In this work, polyacrylamide (PAAM)-sodium alginate (SA) interpenetrating polymer network-structured hydrogels were prepared by in situ polymerization. PAAM formed the first flexible network and SA constructed the second rigid network. Three kinds of inorganic nanoparticles including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nanoclays (NCs), and nanosilicas (NSs) were incorporated into a PAAM-SA matrix via hydrogen bond. The obtained hydrogels exhibited a macroporous structure with low density (≈1.4 g/cm3) and high water content (≈83%). Compared with neat PAAM-SA, the hydrogels with inorganic nanoparticles possessed excellent mechanical strengths and elasticities, and the compression strength of PAAM-SA-NS reached up to 1.3 MPa at ε = 60% by adding only 0.036 g NS in a 30 g polymer matrix. However, CNT was the best filler to improve the adsorption capacity owing to its multi-walled hollow nanostructure, and the adsorption capacity of PAAM-SA-CNT was 1.28 times higher than that of PAAM-SA. The prepared hydrogels can be potential candidates for use as absorbents to treat wastewater.
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Zhou L, Ma T, Li T, Ma X, Yin J, Jiang X. Dynamic Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN) Strategy for Multiresponsive Hierarchical Pattern of Reversible Wrinkle. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:15977-15985. [PMID: 30964635 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic micro-/nanowrinkle patterns with response to multienvironmental stimuli can offer a facile method for on-demand regulation of surface properties, thus allowing for generation of a smart surface. Here a practical yet robust strategy is described to fabricate redox, light and thermal responsive wrinkle by building dynamic double interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) as the top layer for a typical bilayer system. IPNs were constructed through the photochemical reaction of a mixture comprised of light-sensitive anthracene-containing polymer (PAN) and redox-sensitive disulfide-containing diacrylate monomer (DSDA). Thanks to the dynamic covalent reversible C-C bond in PAN and S-S bond in DSDA, the morphology of wrinkled surface not only can be reversibly and precisely (micrometer scale) tailored to all kinds of complicated hierarchical pattern permanently, but also can be controlled temporarily by irradiation of near-infrared light (NIR). A sine wave model is proposed to investigate the dynamics of real-time reversible wrinkle evolution. This general approach based on IPN allows independent multistimuli control over wettability and optical properties on the wrinkled surface, thus, presents a considerable alternative to implement a smart surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangwei Zhou
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , P.R. China
| | - Tianjiao Ma
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , P.R. China
| | - Jie Yin
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , P.R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology , Shanghai Tech University , Shanghai 201210 , P.R. China
| | - Xuesong Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , P.R. China
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Campbell JA, Inglis H, Ng WeiLong E, McKinley C, Lewis DA. Morphology Control in a Dual-Cure System for Potential Applications in Additive Manufacturing. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E420. [PMID: 30960404 DOI: 10.3390/polym11030420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The polymerisation, morphology and mechanical properties of a two-component in-situ reacting system consisting of a rubbery dimethacrylate and a rigid epoxy polymer were investigated. The methacrylate component of the mixture was photocured using UV light exposure and, in a second curing process, the mixture was thermally postcured. The polymers formed a partially miscible system with two glass transition temperature (Tg) peaks measured using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The composition and relative rate of reaction of the two orthogonal polymerisations influenced the extent of miscibility of the two polymer-rich phases and the samples were transparent, indicating that the two phases were finely dispersed. The addition of a glycidyl methacrylate compatibiliser further increased the miscibility of the two polymers. The utility of this polymer system for additive manufacturing was investigated and simulated through layer-by-layer processing of the mixture in two steps. Firstly, the methacrylate component was photocured to solidify the material into its final shape, whilst the second step of thermal curing was used to polymerise the epoxy component. With the use of a simulated photomask, a simple shape was formed using the two orthogonal polymerisation stages to produce a solid object. The mechanical properties of this two-phase system were superior to a control sample made only of the methacrylate component, indicating that some reinforcing due to polymerisation of the epoxy across the interfaces had occurred in the postcuring stage.
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Durgesh BH, Alkheraif AA, Musaibah AS, Asiry MA, Varrela J, Vallittu PK. Creep Behavior of Resin Composite Interface Between Orthodontic Brackets and Enamel. J Adhes Dent 2018; 20:417-424. [PMID: 30349906 DOI: 10.3290/j.jad.a41308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study investigated the creep of adhesive resin under constant loading at the orthodontic bracket/enamel interface with an orthodontic bracket-tooth model (shear creep) and three-point bending test (bending creep). MATERIALS AND METHODS For the bracket-tooth model, sixty premolars were assigned to 4 groups (n = 15). Orthodontic brackets were bonded onto the enamel surface using four different bonding agents: conventional, homogeneous Transbond XT orthodontic composite (group 1/TBC); Transbond XT composite reinforced with photopolymerized glass-fiber-reinforced composite (FRC with bidirectional fibers) (group 2/TBE); Transbond XT reinforced with FRC of vertically oriented unidirectional fibers (group 3/TBV); and Transbond XT reinforced with FRC of horizontally oriented fibers (group 4/TBH). Load was applied at the bracket/tooth interface and from the bracket wire slot. In the three-point bending test, the creep and recovery of the rectangular interface materials were tested by a dynamic mechanical analyzer. The data obtained were statistically analyzed with ANOVA and a post-hoc test using SPSS v20 statistical software. RESULTS The groups exhibited significant differences in strain % and time for bracket deflection at the interface (p < 0.05). The interface loading with unidirectional fibers (groups TBV and TBH) were statistically significantly different compared to the interface with bidirectional fibers and control group (groups TBE and TBC). The three-point test showed the least creep compliance (ie, creep deformation occurring at each time point [J]) with group TBC, followed by groups TBV and TBE. Group TBC showed the highest nanohardness and elastic modulus; the lowest values were seen in group TBE, reflecting differences in polymer matrix composition. CONCLUSION The creep and time for debonding the bracket increased with incorporation of glass fibers at the interface between bracket and enamel.
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Song X, Yang S, Liu X, Wu M, Li Y, Wang S. Transparent and Water-Resistant Composites Prepared from Acrylic Resins ABPE-10 and Acetylated Nanofibrillated Cellulose as Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Device Substrate. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2018; 8:E648. [PMID: 30142882 PMCID: PMC6163516 DOI: 10.3390/nano8090648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Acetylated nanofibrillated cellulose (ANFC)/acrylic resin ABPE-10 composite film was prepared by impregnating ABPE-10 into ANFC films under negative pressure, which can enhance properties of ANFC films by forming an interpenetrating polymer network structure between ABPE-10 and the ANFC film. The ANFC/ABPE-10 composite film met the high performance flexible organic light-emitting diode substrate requirement, even when the ANFC dosage was as high as approximately 70%. The transparency of films with different ANFC dosages significantly increased from 67% (42 µm) to 88% (45 µm), as determined by ultraviolet-visible analysis. The composite film inherited the properties of AFNC, with a low coefficient of thermal expansion and a ductile compact structure. The contact angles of ANFC films increased from 49.2° to 102.9° after dipping in ABPE-10. Additionally, the composite films had good surface smoothness and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Song
- Department of Pulping and Papermaking Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Shuang Yang
- Department of Pulping and Papermaking Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Xiuyu Liu
- Department of Pulping and Papermaking Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
- Department of Chemical and Paper Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5200, USA.
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Pulping and Papermaking Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Pulping and Papermaking Engineering, Guangxi Vocation & Technical Institute of Industry, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Shuangfei Wang
- Department of Pulping and Papermaking Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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Sattari S, Dadkhah Tehrani A, Adeli M. pH-Responsive Hybrid Hydrogels as Antibacterial and Drug Delivery Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E660. [PMID: 30966694 PMCID: PMC6404117 DOI: 10.3390/polym10060660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes the design and synthesis of organic⁻inorganic hybrid hydrogels based on an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) composed of polyaspartic acid crosslinked by graphene nanosheets as the primary network and poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) as the secondary network. Silver, copper oxide, and zinc oxide nanoparticles were formed within the gel matrix, and the obtained hydrogel was applied to a load and controlled release of curcumin. The loading of curcumin and the release of this drug from the gels depended on the nanoparticle's (NP's) content of hydrogels as well as the pH of the medium. The synthesized hydrogels showed antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. The ability of the synthesized hydrogels to incapacitate bacteria and their loading capacity and controlled release of curcumin qualify them for future therapies such as wound-dressing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Sattari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad P.O. Box 465, Iran.
| | - Abbas Dadkhah Tehrani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad P.O. Box 465, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Adeli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad P.O. Box 465, Iran.
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Kuang D, Wu F, Yin Z, Zhu T, Xing T, Kundu SC, Lu S. Silk Fibroin/Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone Interpenetrating Polymer Network Hydrogels. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E153. [PMID: 30966189 PMCID: PMC6414898 DOI: 10.3390/polym10020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Silk fibroin hydrogel is an ideal model as biomaterial matrix due to its excellent biocompatibility and used in the field of medical polymer materials. Nevertheless, native fibroin hydrogels show poor transparency and resilience. To settle these drawbacks, an interpenetrating network (IPN) of hydrogels are synthesized with changing ratios of silk fibroin/N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidonemixtures that crosslink by H₂O₂ and horseradish peroxidase. Interpenetrating polymer network structure can shorten the gel time and the pure fibroin solution gel time for more than a week. This is mainly due to conformation from the random coil to the β-sheet structure changes of fibroin. Moreover, the light transmittance of IPN hydrogel can be as high as more than 97% and maintain a level of 90% within a week. The hydrogel, which mainly consists of random coil, the apertures inside can be up to 200 μm. Elastic modulus increases during the process of gelation. The gel has nearly 95% resilience under the compression of 70% eventually, which is much higher than native fibroin gel. The results suggest that the present IPN hydrogels have excellent mechanical properties and excellent transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajiang Kuang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Feng Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Zhuping Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Tian Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Tieling Xing
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Subhas C Kundu
- 3Bs Research Group, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Barco, 4805-017 Guimaraes, Portugal.
| | - Shenzhou Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Bas O, D'Angella D, Baldwin JG, Castro NJ, Wunner FM, Saidy NT, Kollmannsberger S, Reali A, Rank E, De-Juan-Pardo EM, Hutmacher DW. An Integrated Design, Material, and Fabrication Platform for Engineering Biomechanically and Biologically Functional Soft Tissues. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:29430-29437. [PMID: 28816441 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a design rationale for stretchable soft network composites for engineering tissues that predominantly function under high tensile loads. The convergence of 3D-printed fibers selected from a design library and biodegradable interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) result in biomimetic tissue engineered constructs (bTECs) with fully tunable properties that can match specific tissue requirements. We present our technology platform using an exemplary soft network composite model that is characterized to be flexible, yet ∼125 times stronger (E = 3.19 MPa) and ∼100 times tougher (WExt = ∼2000 kJ m-3) than its hydrogel counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide D'Angella
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstraße 2 a, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Chair for Computation in Engineering, Technische Universität München , D-80333 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Kollmannsberger
- Chair for Computation in Engineering, Technische Universität München , D-80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandro Reali
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstraße 2 a, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia , via Ferrata 3, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ernst Rank
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstraße 2 a, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Chair for Computation in Engineering, Technische Universität München , D-80333 Munich, Germany
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Abstract
This review focuses on the recent strategy in the preparation of thiolated polymers and fabrication of their hydrogel matrices. The mechanism involved in the synthesis of thiolated polymers and fabrication of thiolated polymer hydrogels is exemplified with suitable schematic representations reported in the recent literature. The 2-iminothiolane namely "Traut's reagent" has been widely used for effectively thiolating the natural polymers such as collagen and gelatin, which contain free amino group in their backbone. The free carboxylic acid group containing polymers such as hyaluronic acid and heparin have been thiolated by using the bifunctional molecules such as cysteamine and L-cysteine via N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) coupling reaction. The degree of thiolation in the polymer chain has been widely determined by using Ellman's assay method. The thiolated polymer hydrogels are prepared by disulfide bond formation (or) thiol-ene reaction (or) Michael-type addition reaction. The thiolated polymers such as thiolated gelatin are reacted with polyethylene glycol diacrylate for obtaining interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel scaffolds. Several in vitro cell culture experiments indicate that the developed thiolated polymer hydrogels exhibited biocompatibility and cellular mimicking properties. The developed hydrogel scaffolds efficiently support proliferation and differentiation of various cell types. In the present review article, the thiol-functionalized protein-based biopolymers, carbohydrate-based polymers, and some synthetic polymers have been covered with recently published research articles. In addition, the usage of new thiolated nanomaterials as a crosslinking agent for the preparation of three-dimensional tissue-engineered hydrogels is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Gajendiran
- 1 Division of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University , Incheon, Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Rhee
- 2 Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University , Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyobum Kim
- 1 Division of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University , Incheon, Korea
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Ryan C, Alcock E, Buttimer F, Schmidt M, Clarke D, Pemble M, Bardosova M. Synthesis and characterisation of cross-linked chitosan composites functionalised with silver and gold nanoparticles for antimicrobial applications. Sci Technol Adv Mater 2017; 18:528-540. [PMID: 28804527 PMCID: PMC5532969 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2017.1344929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We present a study of a range of cross-linked chitosan composites with potential antimicrobial applications. They were formed by cross-linking chitosan and siloxane networks and by introducing silver and gold nanoparticles (NPs). The aim was to investigate whether adding the metal NPs to the chitosan-siloxane composite would lead to a material with enhanced antimicrobial ability as compared to chitosan itself. The composites were synthesised in hydrogel form with the metal NPs embedded in the cross-linked chitosan network. Spectroscopic and microscopic techniques were employed to investigate the structural properties of the composite and the tensile strength of the structures was measured. It was found that the addition of metal NPs did not influence the mechanical strength of the composite. A crystal violet attachment assay results displayed a significant reduction in the attachment of E. coli to the cross-linked chitosan surfaces. Release profile tests suggest that the metal NPs do not contribute to the overall antimicrobial activity under neutral conditions. The contribution to the mechanical and antimicrobial properties from cross-linking with siloxane is significant, giving rise to a versatile, durable, antimicrobial material suitable for thin film formation, wound dressings or the coating of various surfaces where robustness and antimicrobial control are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ryan
- Micro & Nano Systems Centre, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emma Alcock
- Department of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Finbarr Buttimer
- Department of Microbiology & Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael Schmidt
- Micro & Nano Systems Centre, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - David Clarke
- Department of Microbiology & Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martyn Pemble
- Micro & Nano Systems Centre, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Maria Bardosova
- Micro & Nano Systems Centre, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak Technical University in Bratislava (STUBA), Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Dragan ES, Cocarta AI. Smart Macroporous IPN Hydrogels Responsive to pH, Temperature, and Ionic Strength: Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Controlled Release of Drugs. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:12018-30. [PMID: 27115698 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Fast responsive macroporous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogels were fabricated in this work by a sequential strategy, as follows: the first network, consisting of poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEM) cross-linked with N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (BAAm), was prepared at -18 °C, the second network consisting of poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) cross-linked with BAAm, being also generated by cryogelation technique. Both single network cryogels (SNC) and IPN cryogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and water uptake. The presence of weak polycation PDMAEM endows the SNCs and the IPNs cryogels with sensitivity at numerous external stimuli such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, electric field, among which the first three were investigated in this work. It was found that the initial concentration of monomers in both networks was the key factor in tailoring the properties of IPN cryogels such as swelling kinetics, equilibrium water content (EWC), phase transition temperature and the response at ionic strength. The pore size increased after the formation of the second network, the swelling kinetics in pure water being comparable with that of the SNC, phase transition temperature being situated in the range 35-36 °C for IPN cryogels. The water uptake at equilibrium (WUeq) abruptly increased at pH < 3.0 in the case of SNCs, whereas the response of IPN cryogels at the decrease of pH from 6.0 to 1.0 was strongly dependent on the gel structure, the values of WUeq being lower at a higher concentration of DMAEM in the first network, the monomer concentration in the second network being about 10 wt %. The pH response was very much diminished when the monomer concentration was high in both networks (15 wt % in the first network, and 21 wt % in the second network). The increase of the ionic strength from 0 up to 0.3 M NaCl led to the decrease of the WUeq, for all cryogels, the level of dehydration being higher and faster for the SNC than for the corresponding IPN cryogel. The release of diclofenac sodium (DS), as a model acidic drug, triggered by pH, temperature, and ionic strength from the IPN cryogels was evaluated. A pulsatile release of DS from the IPN cryogels was presented, with a slower release at 34 °C (below VPTT) and a faster release at 37 and 40 °C (above the VPTT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecaterina Stela Dragan
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41 A, Iasi 700487, Romania
| | - Ana Irina Cocarta
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41 A, Iasi 700487, Romania
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Abstract
As swollen polymer networks in water, hydrogels are usually brittle. However, hydrogels with high toughness play critical roles in many plant and animal tissues as well as in diverse engineering applications. Here we review the intrinsic mechanisms of a wide variety of tough hydrogels developed over the past few decades. We show that tough hydrogels generally possess mechanisms to dissipate substantial mechanical energy but still maintain high elasticity under deformation. The integrations and interactions of different mechanisms for dissipating energy and maintaining elasticity are essential to the design of tough hydrogels. A matrix that combines various mechanisms is constructed for the first time to guide the design of next-generation tough hydrogels. We further highlight that a particularly promising strategy for the design is to implement multiple mechanisms across multiple length scales into nano-, micro-, meso-, and macro-structures of hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhe Zhao
- Soft Active Materials Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
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