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Uchida DT, Bruschi ML. Pharmaceutical applications and requirements of resins for printing by digital light processing (DLP). Pharm Dev Technol 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38641968 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2345144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The digital light processing (DLP) printer has proven to be effective in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, as its printing method does not induce shear and a strong temperature on the resin. In addition, the DLP printer has good resolution and print quality, which makes it possible to print complex structures with a customized shape, being used for various purposes ranging from jewelry application to biomedical and pharmaceutical areas. The big disadvantage of DLP is the lack of a biocompatible and non-toxic resin on the market. To overcome this limitation, an ideal resin for biomedical and pharmaceutical use is needed. The resin must have appropriate properties, so that the desired format is printed when with a determined wavelength is applied. Thus, the aim of this work is to bring the basic characteristics of the resins used by this printing method and the minimum requirements to start printing by DLP for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. The DLP method has proven to be effective in obtaining pharmaceutical devices such as drug delivery systems. Furthermore, this technology allows the printing of devices of ideal size, shape and dosage, providing the patient with personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Tiemi Uchida
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Av. Colombo 5790, 87020-900, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Marcos Luciano Bruschi
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Av. Colombo 5790, 87020-900, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
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2
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Senthooran V, Weng Z, Wu L. Enhancing Mechanical and Thermal Properties of 3D-Printed Samples Using Mica-Epoxy Acrylate Resin Composites-Via Digital Light Processing (DLP). Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1148. [PMID: 38675067 PMCID: PMC11054620 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Digital light processing (DLP) techniques are widely employed in various engineering and design fields, particularly additive manufacturing. Acrylate resins utilized in DLP processes are well known for their versatility, which enables the production of defect-free 3D-printed products with excellent mechanical properties. This study aims to improve the mechanical and thermal properties of 3D-printed samples by incorporating mica as an inorganic filler at different concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) and optimizing the dispersion by adding a KH570 silane coupling agent. In this study, mica was introduced as a filler and combined with epoxy acrylate resin to fabricate a 3D-printed sample. Varying concentrations of mica (5%, 10%, and 15% w/w) were mixed with the epoxy acrylate resin at a concentration of 10%, demonstrating a tensile strength increase of 85% and a flexural strength increase of 132%. Additionally, thermal characteristics were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and successful morphological investigations were conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Digital light-processing technology was selected for its printing accuracy and cost-effectiveness. The results encompass comprehensive studies of the mechanical, thermal, and morphological aspects that contribute to the advancement of additive manufacturing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velmurugan Senthooran
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (V.S.); (Z.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zixiang Weng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (V.S.); (Z.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lixin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (V.S.); (Z.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Wojcik T, Chai F, Hornez V, Raoul G, Hornez JC. Engineering Precise Interconnected Porosity in β-Tricalcium Phosphate (β-TCP) Matrices by Means of Top-Down Digital Light Processing. Biomedicines 2024; 12:736. [PMID: 38672092 PMCID: PMC11047908 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the biocompatibility and accuracy of 3D-printed β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) pure ceramic scaffolds. A specific shaping process associating a digital light processing (DLP) 3D printer and a heat treatment was developed to produce pure β-TCP scaffolds leaving no polymer binder residue. The β-TCP was characterised using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and the detection of pollutants. The open porosity of produced matrices and their resorption were studied by hydrostatic weighing and calcium release measures. The biocompatibility of the printed matrices was evaluated by mean of osteoblast cultures. Finally, macroporous cubic matrices were produced. They were scanned using a micro-Computed Tomography scanner (micro-CT scan) and compared to their numeric models. The results demonstrated that DLP 3D printing with heat treatment produces pure β-TCP matrices with enhanced biocompatibility. They also demonstrated the printing accuracy of our technique, associating top-down DLP with the sintering of green parts. Thus, this production process is promising and will enable us to explore complex phosphocalcic matrices with a special focus on the development of a functional vascular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wojcik
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, U1008—Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Feng Chai
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM, U1008, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | | | - Gwenael Raoul
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, U1008—Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Jean-Christophe Hornez
- Département Matériaux et Procédés (DMP), Laboratoire de Matériaux Céramiques et de Mathématiques (CERAMATHS), Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, F-59600 Maubeuge, France;
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Monaco C, Arena A, Marziali A, Consolo U. Depth of reading within the gingival sulcus of seven intraoral scanners: an in vitro study. Int J Comput Dent 2024; 27:27-35. [PMID: 36928756 DOI: 10.3290/j.ijcd.b3963071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM The present in vitro study aimed to evaluate the depth of reading of intraoral scanners (IOSs) within the gingival sulcus. MATERIALS AND METHODS A knife-edge preparation for a full crown was performed on a Frasaco model. The gingival sulcus of the scanned model was modified using a dedicated software program (Model Creator, exocad DentalCAD 2.4 Plovdiv) by setting the apical width (AW), coronal width (CW), and gingival sulcus depth (D). Two dental models with different gingival sulcus depths (1 or 2 mm) were printed using the digital light processing (DLP) technique. Each model was scanned 10 times. Seven different IOSs were used: Emerald, Trios 3, Carestream 3600, Dental Wings DWIO, CondorScan, True Definition Scanner (TDS), and Cerec Omnicam. Measurements of D values were performed using 3Shape 3D viewer software. The normality of the data distribution was evaluated using the Shapiro-Wilk test (P < 0.05). The nonparametric Levene's test was used to check for homoscedasticity. The data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 0.05) and the Nemenyi test. RESULTS All IOSs were able to read within the 1-mm-deep gingival sulcus, albeit with some statistically significant differences (P < 0.001). TDS and Trios 3 were able to read within the 2-mm-deep gingival sulcus (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The depth of reading of different IOSs can vary significantly. In the model with a 2-mm gingival sulcus, even in the absence of oral fluids, the depth of reading was incomplete, suggesting that deep preparations into the gingival sulcus are difficult to detect with IOSs.
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Bhutani U, Dey N, Chowdhury SK, Waghmare N, Mahapatra RD, Selvakumar K, Chandru A, Bhowmick T, Agrawal P. Biopolymeric corneal lenticules by digital light processing based bioprinting: a dynamic substitute for corneal transplant. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:035017. [PMID: 38471165 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad3312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Digital light processing (DLP) technology has gained significant attention for its ability to construct intricate structures for various applications in tissue modeling and regeneration. In this study, we aimed to design corneal lenticules using DLP bioprinting technology, utilizing dual network bioinks to mimic the characteristics of the human cornea. The bioink was prepared using methacrylated hyaluronic acid and methacrylated gelatin, where ruthenium salt and sodium persulfate were included for mediating photo-crosslinking while tartrazine was used as a photoabsorber. The bioprinted lenticules were optically transparent (85.45% ± 0.14%), exhibited adhesive strength (58.67 ± 17.5 kPa), and compressive modulus (535.42 ± 29.05 kPa) sufficient for supporting corneal tissue integration and regeneration. Puncture resistance tests and drag force analysis further confirmed the excellent mechanical performance of the lenticules enabling their application as potential corneal implants. Additionally, the lenticules demonstrated outstanding support for re-epithelialization and stromal regeneration when assessed with human corneal stromal cells. We generated implant ready corneal lenticules while optimizing bioink and bioprinting parameters, providing valuable solution for individuals suffering from various corneal defects and waiting for corneal transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Bhutani
- Pandorum Technologies Private Limited, Bangalore Bioinnovation Centre, Helix Biotech Park, Electronic City, Phase 1, Bengaluru 560100, India
| | - Namit Dey
- Pandorum Technologies Private Limited, Bangalore Bioinnovation Centre, Helix Biotech Park, Electronic City, Phase 1, Bengaluru 560100, India
| | - Suvro Kanti Chowdhury
- Pandorum Technologies Private Limited, Bangalore Bioinnovation Centre, Helix Biotech Park, Electronic City, Phase 1, Bengaluru 560100, India
| | - Neha Waghmare
- Pandorum Technologies Private Limited, Bangalore Bioinnovation Centre, Helix Biotech Park, Electronic City, Phase 1, Bengaluru 560100, India
| | - Rita Das Mahapatra
- Pandorum Technologies Private Limited, Bangalore Bioinnovation Centre, Helix Biotech Park, Electronic City, Phase 1, Bengaluru 560100, India
| | - Kamalnath Selvakumar
- Pandorum Technologies Private Limited, Bangalore Bioinnovation Centre, Helix Biotech Park, Electronic City, Phase 1, Bengaluru 560100, India
| | - Arun Chandru
- Pandorum Technologies Private Limited, Bangalore Bioinnovation Centre, Helix Biotech Park, Electronic City, Phase 1, Bengaluru 560100, India
| | - Tuhin Bhowmick
- Pandorum Technologies Private Limited, Bangalore Bioinnovation Centre, Helix Biotech Park, Electronic City, Phase 1, Bengaluru 560100, India
- Pandorum International Inc., San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Parinita Agrawal
- Pandorum Technologies Private Limited, Bangalore Bioinnovation Centre, Helix Biotech Park, Electronic City, Phase 1, Bengaluru 560100, India
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Zhang SY, Zhang M, Li X, Huang S, Han D, Chang L, Ling L, Huo Y, Alzogool M, Yang N, Ye Q, Wang Y. Development of a novel bioartificial cornea using 3D bioprinting based on electrospun micro-nanofibrous decellularized extracellular matrix. Biofabrication 2024. [PMID: 38507789 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad35ea] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Corneal damage contributes to blindness in millions of people. Simulating natural corneas with artificial corneas is challenging due to material and manufacturing limitations, including poor mechanical properties, complex manufacturing processes, and ocular histocompatibility. In this study, electrospun micro-nanofibrous decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) is combined with digital light processing 3D bioprinting and validated as a bioartificial cornea for the first time. Electrospinning gives the material a controllable shape, and the electrospun micro-nanofibrous dECM, with preserved inherent biochemical components, can better mimic the natural ECM native microenvironment. An efficient platform can be developed for creating novel structural materials, when combined with intelligent manufacturing. Artificial biological corneas developed using this method showed five-fold improvements in mechanical properties (248.5 ± 35.67 kPa Vs. 56.91 ± 3.68 kPa, p<0.001), superior guidance for cell organization and adhesion, and better maintenance of the cellular phenotype of keratocytes. In animal studies, in vivo transplantation of this artificial cornea showed better regeneration, which accelerated corneal epithelialization and maintained corneal transparency. This method has potential for biomedical applications, and bioartificial corneas manufactured by this method have ideal properties as an alternative to lamellar keratoplasty, with promise for clinical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yao Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, Tianjin, 300070, CHINA
| | - Mingshan Zhang
- Department of Physics, Nankai University, School of Physics, Tianjin 300071, Tianjin, Tianjin, 300071, CHINA
| | - Xinyu Li
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, Tianjin, 300070, CHINA
| | - Shuai Huang
- Tiangong University, No.399 Binshui West Road, Tian jin, Tianjin, 300160, CHINA
| | - Daobo Han
- Department of Physics, Nankai University, School of Physics, Tianjin 300071, Tianjin, Tianjin, 300071, CHINA
| | - Le Chang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, No.4 Gansu Road, Tianjin, China, Tianjin, Tianjin, 300020, CHINA
| | - Liyun Ling
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, Tianjin, 300070, CHINA
| | - Yan Huo
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, No.4 Gansu Road, Tianjin, Tianjin, 300020, CHINA
| | - Mohammad Alzogool
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, No.4 Gansu Road, Tianjin, Tianjin, Tianjin, 300020, CHINA
| | - Ning Yang
- Tiangong University, No.399 Binshui West Road, Tianjin, Tianjin, Tianjin, 300387, CHINA
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Physics, Nankai University, School of Physics, Tianjin 300071, Tianjin, Tianjin, 300071, CHINA
| | - Yan Wang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, #4 Gansu Road, He-ping District, Tianjin, 300020, China, Tianjin, Tianjin, 300020, CHINA
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Wang S, Lin J, Jin H, Yang Y, Huang G, Wang J. Photopolymerization-Based Three-Dimensional Ceramic Printing Technology. 3D Print Addit Manuf 2024; 11:406-414. [PMID: 38389671 PMCID: PMC10880656 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2022.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Ceramics have many applications in mechanics, electronics, aerospace, and biomedicine because of their high mechanical strength, high-temperature resistance, and excellent chemical stability. Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a fast, efficient, and intelligent technology that has revolutionized the manufacturing of complex structural parts. Among many ceramic 3D printing technologies, photopolymerization-based 3D printing techniques print out molded ceramic components with high molding accuracy and surface finish and have received widespread attention. This article reviews the current research status and problems experienced by three mainstream ceramic photocuring technologies, namely stereoscopic, digital light processing, and two-photon polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, Department of Material Forming and Control Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
| | - Jia Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, Department of Material Forming and Control Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Department of Flight Vehicle Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yihang Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, Department of Material Forming and Control Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
| | - Guimei Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, Department of Material Forming and Control Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinhuo Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, Department of Material Forming and Control Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
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8
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Shin S, Kwon Y, Hwang C, Jeon W, Yu Y, Paik HJ, Lee W, Kwon MS, Ahn D. Visible-Light-Driven Rapid 3D Printing of Photoresponsive Resins for Optically Clear Multifunctional 3D Objects. Adv Mater 2024:e2311917. [PMID: 38288894 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Light-driven 3D printing is gaining significant attention for its unparalleled build speed and high-resolution in additive manufacturing. However, extending vat photopolymerization to multifunctional, photoresponsive materials poses challenges, such as light attenuation and interference between the photocatalysts (PCs) and photoactive moieties. This study introduces novel visible-light-driven acrylic resins that enable rapid, high-resolution photoactive 3D printing. The synergistic combination of a cyanine-based PC, borate, and iodonium coinitiators (HNu 254) achieves an excellent printing rate and feature resolution under low-intensity, red light exposure. The incorporation of novel hexaarylbiimidazole (HABI) crosslinkers allows for spatially-resolved photoactivation upon exposure to violet/blue light. Furthermore, a photobleaching mechanism inhibited by HNu 254 during the photopolymerization process results in the production of optically-clear 3D printed objects. Real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy validates the rapid photopolymerization of the HABI-containing acrylic resin, whereas mechanistic evaluations reveal the underlying dynamics that are responsible for the rapid photopolymerization rate, wavelength-orthogonal photoactivation, and observed photobleaching phenomenon. Ultimately, this visible-light-based printing method demonstrates: (i) rapid printing rate of 22.5 mm h-1 , (ii) excellent feature resolution (≈20 µm), and (iii) production of optically clear object with self-healing capability and spatially controlled cleavage. This study serves as a roadmap for developing next-generation "smart" 3D printing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangbin Shin
- Center for Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44412, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghwan Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiwon Hwang
- Center for Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44412, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngchang Yu
- Center for Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jong Paik
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjoo Lee
- Center for Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sang Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dowon Ahn
- Center for Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44412, Republic of Korea
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Luk AMY, Lo CKY, Chiou JA, Ngai CH, Law K, Lau TL, Chen WX, Hui M, Kan CW. Antiviral and Antibacterial 3D-Printed Products Functionalised with Poly(hexamethylene biguanide). Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:312. [PMID: 38337200 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Infection prevention and public health are a vital concern worldwide, especially during pandemics such as COVID-19 and seasonal influenza. Frequent manual disinfection and use of chemical spray coatings at public facilities are the typical measures taken to protect people from coronaviruses and other pathogens. However, limitations of human resources and coating durability, as well as the safety of disinfectants used are the major concerns in society during a pandemic. Non-leachable antimicrobial agent poly(hexamethylene biguanide) (PHMB) was mixed into photocurable liquid resins to produce novel and tailor-made covers for public facilities via digital light processing, which is a popular 3D printing technique for satisfactory printing resolution. Potent efficacies of the 3D-printed plastics were achieved in standard antibacterial assessments against S. aureus, E. coli and K. pneumoniae. A total of 99.9% of Human coronavirus 229E was killed after being in contact with the 3D-printed samples (containing the promising PHMB formulation) for two hours. In an eight-week field test in Hong Kong Wetland Park, antibacterial performances of the specially designed 3D-printed covers analysed by environmental swabbing were also found to be satisfactory. With these remarkable outcomes, antimicrobial products prepared by digital light processing 3D printing can be regarded as a reliable solution to long-term infection prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anson M Y Luk
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Immune Materials Limited, Room 05, Unit 107-109, 1/F, 9 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chris K Y Lo
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiachi Amber Chiou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi-Hang Ngai
- University Research Facility in 3D Printing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ki Law
- Immune Materials Limited, Room 05, Unit 107-109, 1/F, 9 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tsz-Long Lau
- Immune Materials Limited, Room 05, Unit 107-109, 1/F, 9 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wan-Xue Chen
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Matthew Hui
- Immune Materials Limited, Room 05, Unit 107-109, 1/F, 9 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi-Wai Kan
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Tomczak D, Borysiak S, Kuczko W, Nowicka AB, Osmałek T, Strzemiecka B, Wichniarek R. Photopolymer-Based Composite with Substance Release Capability Manufactured Additively with DLP Method. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:322. [PMID: 38255490 PMCID: PMC10821297 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In this study, caffeine-loaded photoresin composites with homogeneous structures, suitable for additive manufacturing of transdermal microneedle systems, were obtained. The properties of the composites with varying caffeine concentrations (0.1-0.4% w/w) were investigated for carbon-carbon double bond conversion using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, surface wettability and mechanical properties using a static tensile test and nanoindentation, and caffeine release in ethanol using UV-Vis. The caffeine concentration did not affect the final degree of double bond conversion, which was confirmed in tensile tests, where the strength and Young's modulus of caffeine-loaded samples had comparable values to control ones. Samples with 0.1 and 0.2% caffeine content showed an increase in nanohardness and reduced elastic modulus of 50 MPa and 1.5 MPa, respectively. The good wettability of the samples with water and the increase in surface energy is a favorable aspect for the dedicated application of the obtained composite materials. The amount of caffeine released into the ethanol solution at 1, 3 and 7 days reached a maximum value of 81%, was higher for the lower concentration of caffeine in the sample and increased over time. The conducted research may enhance the potential application of composite materials obtained through the digital light processing method in additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Tomczak
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland (S.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Sławomir Borysiak
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland (S.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Wiesław Kuczko
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Ariadna B. Nowicka
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Osmałek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Beata Strzemiecka
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland (S.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Radosław Wichniarek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznan, Poland;
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Kang JW, Jeon J, Lee JY, Jeon JH, Hong J. Surface-Wetting Characteristics of DLP-Based 3D Printing Outcomes under Various Printing Conditions for Microfluidic Device Fabrication. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 15:61. [PMID: 38258180 PMCID: PMC10820386 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In recent times, the utilization of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, particularly a variant using digital light processing (DLP), has gained increasing fascination in the realm of microfluidic research because it has proven advantageous and expedient for constructing microscale 3D structures. The surface wetting characteristics (e.g., contact angle and contact angle hysteresis) of 3D-printed microstructures are crucial factors influencing the operational effectiveness of 3D-printed microfluidic devices. Therefore, this study systematically examines the surface wetting characteristics of DLP-based 3D printing objects, focusing on various printing conditions such as lamination (or layer) thickness and direction. We preferentially examine the impact of lamination thickness on the surface roughness of 3D-printed structures through a quantitative assessment using a confocal laser scanning microscope. The influence of lamination thicknesses and lamination direction on the contact angle and contact angle hysteresis of both aqueous and oil droplets on the surfaces of 3D-printed outputs is then quantified. Finally, the performance of a DLP 3D-printed microfluidic device under various printing conditions is assessed. Current research indicates a connection between printing parameters, surface roughness, wetting properties, and capillary movement in 3D-printed microchannels. This correlation will greatly aid in the progress of microfluidic devices produced using DLP-based 3D printing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jiwoo Hong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.K.); (J.J.); (J.-Y.L.); (J.-H.J.)
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12
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Timofticiuc IA, Călinescu O, Iftime A, Dragosloveanu S, Caruntu A, Scheau AE, Badarau IA, Didilescu AC, Caruntu C, Scheau C. Biomaterials Adapted to Vat Photopolymerization in 3D Printing: Characteristics and Medical Applications. J Funct Biomater 2023; 15:7. [PMID: 38248674 PMCID: PMC10816811 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Along with the rapid and extensive advancements in the 3D printing field, a diverse range of uses for 3D printing have appeared in the spectrum of medical applications. Vat photopolymerization (VPP) stands out as one of the most extensively researched methods of 3D printing, with its main advantages being a high printing speed and the ability to produce high-resolution structures. A major challenge in using VPP 3D-printed materials in medicine is the general incompatibility of standard VPP resin mixtures with the requirements of biocompatibility and biofunctionality. Instead of developing completely new materials, an alternate approach to solving this problem involves adapting existing biomaterials. These materials are incompatible with VPP 3D printing in their pure form but can be adapted to the VPP chemistry and general process through the use of innovative mixtures and the addition of specific pre- and post-printing steps. This review's primary objective is to highlight biofunctional and biocompatible materials that have been adapted to VPP. We present and compare the suitability of these adapted materials to different medical applications and propose other biomaterials that could be further adapted to the VPP 3D printing process in order to fulfill patient-specific medical requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iosif-Aliodor Timofticiuc
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Octavian Călinescu
- Department of Biophysics, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Iftime
- Department of Biophysics, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Serban Dragosloveanu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Orthopaedics, “Foisor” Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea-Elena Scheau
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Anca Badarau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Cristiana Didilescu
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Dentistry, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, “Prof. N.C. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, “Foisor” Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania
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13
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Jeong M, Radomski K, Lopez D, Liu JT, Lee JD, Lee SJ. Materials and Applications of 3D Printing Technology in Dentistry: An Overview. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 12:1. [PMID: 38275676 PMCID: PMC10814684 DOI: 10.3390/dj12010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms of 3D printing, the dental materials relevant to each mechanism, and the possible applications of these materials within different areas of dentistry. METHODS Subtopics within 3D printing technology in dentistry were identified and divided among five reviewers. Electronic searches of the Medline (PubMed) database were performed with the following search keywords: 3D printing, digital light processing, stereolithography, digital dentistry, dental materials, and a combination of the keywords. For this review, only studies or review papers investigating 3D printing technology for dental or medical applications were included. Due to the nature of this review, no formal evidence-based quality assessment was performed, and the search was limited to the English language without further restrictions. RESULTS A total of 64 articles were included. The significant applications, applied materials, limitations, and future directions of 3D printing technology were reviewed. Subtopics include the chronological evolution of 3D printing technology, the mechanisms of 3D printing technologies along with different printable materials with unique biomechanical properties, and the wide range of applications for 3D printing in dentistry. CONCLUSIONS This review article gives an overview of the history and evolution of 3D printing technology, as well as its associated advantages and disadvantages. Current 3D printing technologies include stereolithography, digital light processing, fused deposition modeling, selective laser sintering/melting, photopolymer jetting, powder binder, and 3D laser bioprinting. The main categories of 3D printing materials are polymers, metals, and ceramics. Despite limitations in printing accuracy and quality, 3D printing technology is now able to offer us a wide variety of potential applications in different fields of dentistry, including prosthodontics, implantology, oral and maxillofacial, orthodontics, endodontics, and periodontics. Understanding the existing spectrum of 3D printing applications in dentistry will serve to further expand its use in the dental field. Three-dimensional printing technology has brought about a paradigm shift in the delivery of clinical care in medicine and dentistry. The clinical use of 3D printing has created versatile applications which streamline our digital workflow. Technological advancements have also paved the way for the integration of new dental materials into dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.J.); (K.R.); (D.L.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Kyle Radomski
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.J.); (K.R.); (D.L.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Diana Lopez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.J.); (K.R.); (D.L.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Jack T. Liu
- Dexter Southfield, Brookline, MA 02445, USA;
| | - Jason D. Lee
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.J.); (K.R.); (D.L.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Sang J. Lee
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.J.); (K.R.); (D.L.); (J.D.L.)
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14
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Baek S, Jeong S, Ban HW, Ryu J, Kim Y, Gu DH, Son C, Yoon TS, Lee J, Son JS. Nanoscale Vertical Resolution in Optical Printing of Inorganic Nanoparticles. ACS Nano 2023. [PMID: 38044586 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Direct optical printing of functional inorganics shows tremendous potential as it enables the creation of intricate two-dimensional (2D) patterns and affordable design and production of various devices. Although there have been recent advancements in printing processes using short-wavelength light or pulsed lasers, the precise control of the vertical thickness in printed 3D structures has received little attention. This control is vital to the diverse functionalities of inorganic thin films and their devices, as they rely heavily on their thicknesses. This lack of research is attributed to the technical intricacy and complexity involved in the lithographic processes. Herein, we present a generalized optical 3D printing process for inorganic nanoparticles using maskless digital light processing. We develop a range of photocurable inorganic nanoparticle inks encompassing metals, semiconductors, and oxides, combined with photolinkable ligands and photoacid generators, enabling the direct solidification of nanoparticles in the ink medium. Our process creates complex and large-area patterns with a vertical resolution of ∼50 nm, producing 50-nm-thick 2D films and several micrometer-thick 3D architectures with no layer height difference via layer-by-layer deposition. Through fabrication and operation of multilayered switching devices with Au electrodes and Ag-organic resistive layers, the feasibility of our process for cost-effective manufacturing of multilayered devices is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongheon Baek
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanggyun Jeong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Woo Ban
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Ryu
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonkyum Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hwi Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Changil Son
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sik Yoon
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiseok Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Son
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37673, Republic of Korea
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15
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Kiratitanaporn W, Guan J, Berry DB, Lao A, Chen S. Multimodal Three-Dimensional Printing for Micro-Modulation of Scaffold Stiffness Through Machine Learning. Tissue Eng Part A 2023. [PMID: 37747804 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to precisely control a scaffold's microstructure and geometry with light-based three-dimensional (3D) printing has been widely demonstrated. However, the modulation of scaffold's mechanical properties through prescribed printing parameters is still underexplored. This study demonstrates a novel 3D-printing workflow to create a complex, elastomeric scaffold with precision-engineered stiffness control by utilizing machine learning. Various printing parameters, including the exposure time, light intensity, printing infill, laser pump current, and printing speed were modulated to print poly (glycerol sebacate) acrylate (PGSA) scaffolds with mechanical properties ranging from 49.3 ± 3.3 kPa to 2.8 ± 0.3 MPa. This enables flexibility in spatial stiffness modulation in addition to high-resolution scaffold fabrication. Then, a neural network-based machine learning model was developed and validated to optimize printing parameters to yield scaffolds with user-defined stiffness modulation for two different vat photopolymerization methods: a digital light processing (DLP)-based 3D printer was utilized to rapidly fabricate stiffness-modulated scaffolds with features on the hundreds of micron scale and a two-photon polymerization (2PP) 3D printer was utilized to print fine structures on the submicron scale. A novel 3D-printing workflow was designed to utilize both DLP-based and 2PP 3D printers to create multiscale scaffolds with precision-tuned stiffness control over both gross and fine geometric features. The described workflow can be used to fabricate scaffolds for a variety of tissue engineering applications, specifically for interfacial tissue engineering for which adjacent tissues possess heterogeneous mechanical properties (e.g., muscle-tendon).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisarut Kiratitanaporn
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jiaao Guan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David B Berry
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alison Lao
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shaochen Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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16
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Paone LS, Benmassaoud MM, Curran A, Vega SL, Galie PA. A 3D-printed blood-brain barrier model with tunable topology and cell-matrix interactions. Biofabrication 2023; 16:015005. [PMID: 37820611 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in digital light processing (DLP) can advance the structural and biochemical complexity of perfusablein vitromodels of the blood-brain barrier. Here, we describe a strategy to functionalize complex, DLP-printed vascular models with multiple peptide motifs in a single hydrogel. Different peptides can be clicked into the walls of distinct topologies, or the peptide motifs lining channel walls can differ from those in the bulk of the hydrogel. The flexibility of this approach is used to both characterize the effects of various bioactive domains on endothelial coverage and tight junction formation, in addition to facilitating astrocyte attachment in the hydrogel surrounding the endothelialized vessel to mimic endothelial-astrocyte interaction. Peptides derived from proteins mediating cell-extracellular matrix (e.g. RGD and IKVAV) and cell-cell (e.g. HAVDI) adhesions are used to mediate endothelial cell attachment and coverage. HAVDI and IKVAV-lined channels exhibit significantly greater endothelialization and increased zonula-occluden-1 (ZO-1) localization to cell-cell junctions of endothelial cells, indicative of tight junction formation. RGD is then used in the bulk hydrogel to create an endothelial-astrocyte co-culture model of the blood-brain barrier that overcomes the limitations of previous platforms incapable of complex topology or tunable bioactive domains. This approach yields an adjustable, biofabricated platform to interrogate the effects of cell-matrix interaction on blood-brain barrier mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis S Paone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States of America
| | | | - Aidan Curran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States of America
| | - Sebastián L Vega
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States of America
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States of America
| | - Peter A Galie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States of America
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17
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Liguori A, Oliva E, Sangermano M, Hakkarainen M. Digital Light Processing 3D Printing of Isosorbide- and Vanillin-Based Ester and Ester-Imine Thermosets: Structure-Property Recyclability Relationships. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2023; 11:14601-14613. [PMID: 37799818 PMCID: PMC10548585 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c04362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Four isosorbide-based photocurable resins were designed to reveal correlations between the composition and chemical structure, digital light processing (DLP) three-dimensional (3D) printability, thermoset properties, and recyclability. Especially, the role of functional groups, i.e., the concentration of ester groups vs the combination of ester and imine functionalities, in the recyclability of the resins was investigated. The resins consisted of methacrylated isosorbide alone or in combination with methacrylated vanillin or a flexible methacrylated vanillin Schiff-base. The composition of the resins significantly affected their 3D printability as well as the physical and chemical properties of the resulting thermosets. The results indicated the potential of methacrylated isosorbide to confer rigidity to thermosets with some negative effects on the printing quality and solvent-resistance properties. An increase in the methacrylated vanillin concentration in the resin enabled us to overcome these drawbacks, leading, however, to thermosets with lower thermal stability. The replacement of methacrylated vanillin with the methacrylated Schiff-base resin decreased the rigidity of the networks, ensuring, on the other hand, improved solvent-resistance properties. The results highlighted an almost complete preservation of the elastic modulus after the reprocessing or chemical recycling of the ester-imine thermosets, thanks to the presence of two distinct dynamic covalent bonds in the network; however, the concentration of the ester functions in the ester thermosets played a significant role in the success of the chemical recycling procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Liguori
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eugenia Oliva
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Sangermano
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Minna Hakkarainen
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Szabó A, Pasquariello R, Costa PF, Pavlovic R, Geurs I, Dewettinck K, Vervaet C, Brevini TAL, Gandolfi F, Van Vlierberghe S. Light-Based 3D Printing of Gelatin-Based Biomaterial Inks to Create a Physiologically Relevant In Vitro Fish Intestinal Model. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300016. [PMID: 37243584 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
To provide prominent accessibility of fishmeal to the European population, the currently available, time- and cost-extensive feeding trials, which evaluate fish feed, should be replaced. The current paper reports on the development of a novel 3D culture platform, mimicking the microenvironment of the intestinal mucosa in vitro. The key requirements of the model include sufficient permeability for nutrients and medium-size marker molecules (equilibrium within 24 h), suitable mechanical properties (G' < 10 kPa), and close morphological similarity to the intestinal architecture. To enable processability with light-based 3D printing, a gelatin-methacryloyl-aminoethyl-methacrylate-based biomaterial ink is developed and combined with Tween 20 as porogen to ensure sufficient permeability. To assess the permeability properties of the hydrogels, a static diffusion setup is utilized, indicating that the hydrogel constructs are permeable for a medium size marker molecule (FITC-dextran 4 kg mol-1 ). Moreover, the mechanical evaluation through rheology evidence a physiologically relevant scaffold stiffness (G' = 4.83 ± 0.78 kPa). Digital light processing-based 3D printing of porogen-containing hydrogels results in the creation of constructs exhibiting a physiologically relevant microarchitecture as evidenced through cryo-scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the combination of the scaffolds with a novel rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) intestinal epithelial cell line (RTdi-MI) evidence scaffold biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szabó
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Rolando Pasquariello
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Domenico Trentacoste, Milan, 2-20134, Italy
| | - Pedro F Costa
- Biofabics Lda, Rua do Campo Lindo 168, Porto, 4200-143, Portugal
| | - Radmila Pavlovic
- Protemoics and Metabolomics Facility (ProMeFa), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Indi Geurs
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Food Structure & Function Research Group, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Gent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Koen Dewettinck
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Food Structure & Function Research Group, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Gent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Chris Vervaet
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Tiziana A L Brevini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell'Università 6, Lodi, 26900, Italy
| | - Fulvio Gandolfi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Domenico Trentacoste, Milan, 2-20134, Italy
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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19
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Li Y, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Hou D. Recent Progress of the Vat Photopolymerization Technique in Tissue Engineering: A Brief Review of Mechanisms, Methods, Materials, and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3940. [PMID: 37835989 PMCID: PMC10574968 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vat photopolymerization (VP), including stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), and volumetric printing, employs UV or visible light to solidify cell-laden photoactive bioresin contained within a vat in a point-by-point, layer-by-layer, or volumetric manner. VP-based bioprinting has garnered substantial attention in both academia and industry due to its unprecedented control over printing resolution and accuracy, as well as its rapid printing speed. It holds tremendous potential for the fabrication of tissue- and organ-like structures in the field of regenerative medicine. This review summarizes the recent progress of VP in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. First, it introduces the mechanism of photopolymerization, followed by an explanation of the printing technique and commonly used biomaterials. Furthermore, the application of VP-based bioprinting in tissue engineering was discussed. Finally, the challenges facing VP-based bioprinting are discussed, and the future trends in VP-based bioprinting are projected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- FuYang Sineva Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Dan Hou
- Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, China National Petroleum Corporation, Beijing 102206, China
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20
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Song Q, Chen Y, Slesarenko V, Zhu P, Hamza A, Hou P, Helmer D, Kotz-Helmer F, Rapp BE. 4D Printed Shape-Memory Elastomer for Thermally Programmable Soft Actuators. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:40923-40932. [PMID: 37595953 PMCID: PMC10472330 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric shape-memory elastomers can recover to a permeant shape from any programmed deformation under external stimuli. They are mostly cross-linked polymeric materials and can be shaped by three-dimensional (3D) printing. However, 3D printed shape-memory polymers so far only exhibit elasticity above their transition temperature, which results in their programmed shape being inelastic or brittle at lower temperatures. To date, 3D printed shape-memory elastomers with elasticity both below and above their transition temperature remain an elusive goal, which limits the application of shape-memory materials as elastic materials at low temperatures. In this paper, we printed, for the first time, a custom-developed shape-memory elastomer based on polyethylene glycol using digital light processing, which possesses elasticity and stretchability in a wide temperature range, below and above the transition temperature. Young's modulus in these two states can vary significantly, with a difference of up to 2 orders of magnitude. This marked difference in Young's modulus imparts excellent shape-memory properties to the material. The difference in Young's modulus at different temperatures allows for the programming of the pneumatic actuators by heating and softening specific areas. Consequently, a single actuator can exhibit distinct movement modes based on the programming process it undergoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchuan Song
- Laboratory
of Process Technology, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), NeptunLab, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, Freiburg 79110, Germany
- Cluster
of Excellence livMatS @ FIT – Freiburg Center for Interactive
Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yunong Chen
- Laboratory
of Process Technology, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), NeptunLab, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Viacheslav Slesarenko
- Cluster
of Excellence livMatS @ FIT – Freiburg Center for Interactive
Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pang Zhu
- Laboratory
of Process Technology, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), NeptunLab, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Ahmed Hamza
- Laboratory
of Process Technology, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), NeptunLab, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Peilong Hou
- Laboratory
of Process Technology, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), NeptunLab, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Dorothea Helmer
- Laboratory
of Process Technology, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), NeptunLab, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, Freiburg 79110, Germany
- Cluster
of Excellence livMatS @ FIT – Freiburg Center for Interactive
Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg
Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79085, Germany
| | - Frederik Kotz-Helmer
- Laboratory
of Process Technology, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), NeptunLab, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, Freiburg 79110, Germany
- Freiburg
Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79085, Germany
| | - Bastian E. Rapp
- Laboratory
of Process Technology, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), NeptunLab, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, Freiburg 79110, Germany
- Cluster
of Excellence livMatS @ FIT – Freiburg Center for Interactive
Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg
Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79085, Germany
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21
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Monou PK, Andriotis EG, Tsongas K, Tzimtzimis EK, Katsamenis OL, Tzetzis D, Anastasiadou P, Ritzoulis C, Vizirianakis IS, Andreadis D, Fatouros DG. Fabrication of 3D Printed Hollow Microneedles by Digital Light Processing for the Buccal Delivery of Actives. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5072-5083. [PMID: 37528336 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, two different microneedle devices were produced using digital light processing (DLP). These devices hold promise as drug delivery systems to the buccal tissue as they increase the permeability of actives with molecular weights between 600 and 4000 Da. The attached reservoirs were designed and printed along with the arrays as a whole device. Light microscopy was used to quality control the printability of the designs, confirming that the actual dimensions are in agreement with the digital design. Non-destructive volume imaging by means of microfocus computed tomography was employed for dimensional and defect characterization of the DLP-printed devices, demonstrating the actual volumes of the reservoirs and the malformations that occurred during printing. The penetration test and finite element analysis showed that the maximum stress experienced by the needles during the insertion process (10 N) was below their ultimate compressive strength (240-310 N). Permeation studies showed the increased permeability of three model drugs when delivered with the MN devices. Size-exclusion chromatography validated the stability of all the actives throughout the permeability tests. The safety of these printed devices for buccal administration was confirmed by histological evaluation and cell viability studies using the TR146 cell line, which indicated no toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Kyriaki Monou
- Department of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Eleftherios G Andriotis
- Department of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsongas
- Digital Manufacturing and Materials Characterization Laboratory, School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Emmanouil K Tzimtzimis
- Digital Manufacturing and Materials Characterization Laboratory, School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Orestis L Katsamenis
- μ-VIS X-ray Imaging Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Dimitrios Tzetzis
- Digital Manufacturing and Materials Characterization Laboratory, School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Pinelopi Anastasiadou
- Department of Oral Medicine/Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Christos Ritzoulis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki 57400, Greece
| | - Ioannis S Vizirianakis
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia CY-1700, Cyprus
| | - Dimitrios Andreadis
- μ-VIS X-ray Imaging Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Dimitrios G Fatouros
- Department of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
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22
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Jang S, Cho S. The Effects of Polyaniline Nanofibers and Graphene Flakes on the Electrical Properties and Mechanical Properties of ABS-like Resin Composites Obtained by DLP 3D Printing. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3079. [PMID: 37514469 PMCID: PMC10386287 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing is regarded as a future-oriented additive manufacturing technology that is making significant contributions to the field of polymer processing. Among the 3D printing methods, the DLP (digital light processing) technique has attracted great interest because it requires a short printing time and enables high-quality printing through selective light curing of polymeric materials. In this study, we report a fabrication method for ABS-like resin composites containing polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers and graphene flakes suitable for DLP 3D printing. As-prepared ABS-like resin composite inks employing PANI nanofibers and graphene flakes as co-fillers were successfully printed, obtaining highly conductive and mechanically robust products with the desired shapes and different sizes through DLP 3D printing. The sheet resistance of the 3D-printed composites was reduced from 2.50 × 1015 ohm/sq (sheet resistance of pristine ABS-like resin) to 1.61 × 106 ohm/sq by adding 3.0 wt.% of PANI nanofibers and 1.5 wt.% of graphene flakes. Furthermore, the AP3.0G1.5 sample (the 3D-printed composite containing 3.0 wt.% of PANI nanofibers and 1.5 wt.% of graphene flakes) exhibited 2.63 times (22.23 MPa) higher tensile strength, 1.47 times (553.8 MPa) higher Young's modulus, and 5.07 times (25.83%) higher elongation at break values compared to the pristine ABS-like resin with a tensile strength of 8.46 MPa, a Young's modulus of 376.6 MPa, and an elongation at break of 5.09%. Our work suggests the potential use of highly conductive and mechanically robust ABS-like resin composites in the 3D printing industry. This article not only provides optimized DLP 3D printing conditions for the ABS-like resin, which has both the advantages of the ABS resin and the advantages of a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), but also presents the effective manufacturing process of ABS-like resin composites with significantly improved conductivity and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somi Jang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghun Cho
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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23
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Killgore JP, Kolibaba TJ, Caplins BW, Higgins CI, Rezac JD. A Data-Driven Approach to Complex Voxel Predictions in Grayscale Digital Light Processing Additive Manufacturing Using U-Nets and Generative Adversarial Networks. Small 2023:e2301987. [PMID: 37409414 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Data-driven U-net machine learning (ML) models, including the pix2pix conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN), are shown to predict 3D printed voxel geometry in digital light processing (DLP) additive manufacturing. A confocal microscopy-based workflow allows for the high-throughput acquisition of data on thousands of voxel interactions arising from randomly gray-scaled digital photomasks. Validation between prints and predictions shows accurate predictions with sub-pixel scale resolution. The trained cGAN performs virtual DLP experiments such as feature size-dependent cure depth, anti-aliasing, and sub-pixel geometry control. The pix2pix model is also applicable to larger masks than it is trained on. To this end, the model can qualitatively inform layer-scale and voxel-scale print failures in real 3D-printed parts. Overall, machine learning models and the data-driven methodology, exemplified by U-nets and cGANs, show considerable promise for predicting and correcting photomasks to achieve increased precision in DLP additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Killgore
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institue of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Thomas J Kolibaba
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institue of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Benjamin W Caplins
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institue of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Callie I Higgins
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institue of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Jacob D Rezac
- RF Technology Division, National Institue of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
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24
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Lin C, Zhang YF, Lu D, Silva A, Liu Z, Yang HY. Low-Temperature Resistant Stretchable Micro-Supercapacitor Based on 3D Printed Octet-Truss Design. Small 2023; 19:e2207634. [PMID: 36732912 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, stretchable micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) that can be easily integrated into electronic devices have attracted research and industrial attentions. In this work, three-dimensional (3D) stretchable MSCs with an octet-truss electrode (OTE) design have been demonstrated by a rapid digital light processing (DLP) process. The 3D-printed electrode structure is beneficial for electrode-electrolyte interface formation and consequently increases the number of ions adsorbed on the electrode surface. The designed MSCs can achieve a high capacitance as ≈74.76 mF cm-3 under 1 mA cm-3 at room temperature even under a high mechanical deformation, and can achieve 19.53 mF cm-3 under 0.1 mA cm-3 at a low temperature (-30 °C). Moreover, finite element analysis (FEA) reveals the OTE structure provides 8 times more contact area per unit volume at the electrode-electrolyte interface compared to the traditional interdigital electrode (IDE). This work combines structural design and 3D printing techniques, which provides new insights into highly stretchable MSCs for next-generation electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congjian Lin
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Yuan-Fang Zhang
- Shien-Ming Wu School of Intelligent Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, P. R. China
| | - Dingjie Lu
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research, 1 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138632, Singapore
| | - Arlindo Silva
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Zhuangjian Liu
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research, 1 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138632, Singapore
| | - Hui Ying Yang
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
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25
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Zhang D, Yang Y, Rao WF. Parameter Optimization for Printing Barium Titanate Piezoelectric Ceramics through Digital Light Processing. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1146. [PMID: 37374731 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Digital light processing (DLP) technology has emerged as a promising 3D printing technology with the potential for the efficient manufacturing of complex ceramic devices. However, the quality of printed products is highly dependent on various process parameters, including slurry formulation, heat treatment process, and poling process. This paper optimizes the printing process with respect to these key parameters, such as using a ceramic slurry with 75 wt% powder content. The employed degreasing heating rate is 4 °C/min, the carbon-removing heating rate is 4 °C/min, and the sintering heating rate is 2 °C/min for heat treatment of the printed green body. The resulting parts are polarized using a poling field of 10 kV/cm, a poling time of 50 min, and a poling temperature of 60 °C, which yields a piezoelectric device with a high piezoelectric constant of 211 pC/N. To demonstrate the practical application of the device, its use as a force sensor and magnetic sensor is validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongcai Zhang
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yaodong Yang
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Wei-Feng Rao
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
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26
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Mau R, Eickner T, Jüttner G, Gao Z, Wei C, Fiedler N, Senz V, Lenarz T, Grabow N, Scheper V, Seitz H. Micro Injection Molding of Drug-Loaded Round Window Niche Implants for an Animal Model Using 3D-Printed Molds. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1584. [PMID: 37376033 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel approach for the long-term medical treatment of the inner ear is the diffusion of drugs through the round window membrane from a patient-individualized, drug-eluting implant, which is inserted in the middle ear. In this study, drug-loaded (10 wt% Dexamethasone) guinea pig round window niche implants (GP-RNIs, ~1.30 mm × 0.95 mm × 0.60 mm) were manufactured with high precision via micro injection molding (µIM, Tmold = 160 °C, crosslinking time of 120 s). Each implant has a handle (~3.00 mm × 1.00 mm × 0.30 mm) that can be used to hold the implant. A medical-grade silicone elastomer was used as implant material. Molds for µIM were 3D printed from a commercially available resin (TG = 84 °C) via a high-resolution DLP process (xy resolution of 32 µm, z resolution of 10 µm, 3D printing time of about 6 h). Drug release, biocompatibility, and bioefficacy of the GP-RNIs were investigated in vitro. GP-RNIs could be successfully produced. The wear of the molds due to thermal stress was observed. However, the molds are suitable for single use in the µIM process. About 10% of the drug load (8.2 ± 0.6 µg) was released after 6 weeks (medium: isotonic saline). The implants showed high biocompatibility over 28 days (lowest cell viability ~80%). Moreover, we found anti-inflammatory effects over 28 days in a TNF-α-reduction test. These results are promising for the development of long-term drug-releasing implants for human inner ear therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Mau
- Microfluidics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Eickner
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Rostock, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Gábor Jüttner
- Kunststoff-Zentrum in Leipzig gGmbH (KUZ), Erich-Zeigner-Allee 44, 04229 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ziwen Gao
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Chunjiang Wei
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicklas Fiedler
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Rostock, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Volkmar Senz
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Rostock, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Niels Grabow
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Rostock, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light & Matter, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Verena Scheper
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann Seitz
- Microfluidics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light & Matter, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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27
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Isarn I, Hodásová Ľ, Pérez-Madrigal MM, Estrany F, Armelin E, Bravo F. Digital light processing-3D printing of thermoset materials with high biodegradability from amino acid-derived acrylamide monomers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023:e2300132. [PMID: 37191109 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Six acrylamide resins, derived from l-phenylalanine and l-leucine, have been designed for application in DLP printers to obtain biodegradable thermoset polymers. The acrylamide copolymers were prepared under light irradiation at 405 nm and thermal post-curing processes. Low molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate (PEGDA) and N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAM), both liquid resins, were used as co-monomers and diluents for the amino acid-derived acrylamide solubilization. The presence of two phenylalanine units and two ester groups in the acrylamide monomer accused a fast degradation rate in hydrolytic medium in 90 days. The residual products leached in the aqueous media proved to be non-cytotoxic, when 3D-printed samples were cultured with osteoblast cells (MG63), which represents an advantage for the safe disposal of printer waste materials. The scaled-up pieces derived from l-phenylalanine and diethyleneglycol, as amino acid-derived acrylamide (named compound C), PEGDA and DMAM, presented high dimensional stability after DLP printing of complex structures used as testing samples. Layers of 50 μm of thickness were well cohesive having isotropic behaviour, as demonstrated with tensile-strain measurements performed in X-Y-Z (plane) directions. The compound C, which contains phenylalanine amino acid, revealed a promising potential to replace non-biodegradable acrylate polymers used in prototyping systems. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Isarn
- ICIQ-CERCA-Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda dels Països Catalans 16, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Ľudmila Hodásová
- IMEM-BRT Group, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I, 2nd floor, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
- CIEFMA Group, Departament de Ciència i Enginyeria de Materials, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Building I, 1st floor, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
- BRCMSE-Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, basement S-1, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
| | - Maria M Pérez-Madrigal
- IMEM-BRT Group, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I, 2nd floor, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
- BRCMSE-Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, basement S-1, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
| | - Francesc Estrany
- IMEM-BRT Group, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I, 2nd floor, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
- BRCMSE-Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, basement S-1, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
| | - Elaine Armelin
- IMEM-BRT Group, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I, 2nd floor, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
- BRCMSE-Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, basement S-1, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
| | - Fernando Bravo
- ICIQ-CERCA-Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda dels Països Catalans 16, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
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28
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Wu Y, Su H, Li M, Xing H. Digital light processing-based multi-material bioprinting: Processes, applications, and perspectives. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:527-542. [PMID: 36436142 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, three-dimensional (3D) printing technology based on digital light processing (DLP) has developed rapidly and shown application prospects in several fields such as pneumatic robotics, flexible electronics, and tissue engineering. In particular, DLP-based multi-material printing has been capable of constructing heterogeneous 3D structures with characteristic gradients. DLP 3D printing technology has a wide range of applications in the field of bioprinting due to its high precision and mild printing conditions, including functionalized artificial tissues, medical models, and bioreactors. This paper focuses on the development of DLP-based multi-material 3D printing technology and its applications in the field of bioprinting, followed by giving an outlook on future efforts on overcoming the challenges and obstacles of this promising technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Su
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huayang Xing
- Hangzhou AimingMed Technologies, Hangzhou, China
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29
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Abstract
Photopolymerization-based ceramic 3D printing shows unmatched superiority in fabricating high-performance ceramic parts compared with the conventional preparation technology. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to achieve efficient 3D printing due to the light scattering in photosensitive ceramic slurries, increasing the width of solidification and reducing the curing depth during photocuring. Herein, we report an efficient ceramic 3D printing approach based on curcuminoid dye-sensitized photopolymerization under green light-emitting diode (LED). For deep penetration and minimal light scattering, ceramic bodies with good performance can be produced from a ceramic slurry with curcuminoid dye by using a green LED-digital light processing (DLP) 3D printer. Curcuminoid dye was found to provide the ability to transfer electrons to photoinitiator and play a role in improving the accuracy of the entire 3D printing process. The proposed approach here provides a viable solution toward efficient ceramic additive manufacturing by green LED-DLP-3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanzhe Ma
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Hu
- School of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangzhou, China
- School of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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30
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Fleck E, Keck C, Ryszka K, DeNatale E, Potkay J. Low-Viscosity Polydimethylsiloxane Resin for Facile 3D Printing of Elastomeric Microfluidics. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:773. [PMID: 37421006 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics is a rapidly advancing technology with expansive applications but has been restricted by slow, laborious fabrication techniques for polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based devices. Currently, 3D printing promises to address this challenge with high-resolution commercial systems but is limited by a lack of material advances in generating high-fidelity parts with micron-scale features. To overcome this limitation, a low-viscosity, photopolymerizable PDMS resin was formulated with a methacrylate-PDMS copolymer, methacrylate-PDMS telechelic polymer, photoabsorber, Sudan I, photosensitizer, 2-isopropylthioxanthone, and a photoinitiator, 2,4,6-trimethyl benzoyl diphenylphosphine oxide. The performance of this resin was validated on a digital light processing (DLP) 3D printer, an Asiga MAX X27 UV. Resin resolution, part fidelity, mechanical properties, gas permeability, optical transparency, and biocompatibility were investigated. This resin produced resolved, unobstructed channels as small as 38.4 (±5.0) µm tall and membranes as thin as 30.9 (±0.5) µm. The printed material had an elongation at break of 58.6% ± 18.8%, Young's modulus of 0.30 ± 0.04 MPa, and was highly permeable to O2 (596 Barrers) and CO2 (3071 Barrers). Following the ethanol extraction of the unreacted components, this material demonstrated optical clarity and transparency (>80% transmission) and viability as a substrate for in vitro tissue culture. This paper presents a high-resolution, PDMS 3D-printing resin for the facile fabrication of microfluidic and biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse Fleck
- ECLS Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Charlise Keck
- ECLS Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Karolina Ryszka
- ECLS Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Emma DeNatale
- ECLS Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Joseph Potkay
- ECLS Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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Mei Y, Wu D, Berg J, Tolksdorf B, Roehrs V, Kurreck A, Hiller T, Kurreck J. Generation of a Perfusable 3D Lung Cancer Model by Digital Light Processing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076071. [PMID: 37047045 PMCID: PMC10094257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer still has one of the highest morbidity and mortality rates among all types of cancer. Its incidence continues to increase, especially in developing countries. Although the medical field has witnessed the development of targeted therapies, new treatment options need to be developed urgently. For the discovery of new drugs, human cancer models are required to study drug efficiency in a relevant setting. Here, we report the generation of a non-small cell lung cancer model with a perfusion system. The bioprinted model was produced by digital light processing (DLP). This technique has the advantage of including simulated human blood vessels, and its simple assembly and maintenance allow for easy testing of drug candidates. In a proof-of-concept study, we applied gemcitabine and determined the IC50 values in the 3D models and 2D monolayer cultures and compared the response of the model under static and dynamic cultivation by perfusion. As the drug must penetrate the hydrogel to reach the cells, the IC50 value was three orders of magnitude higher for bioprinted constructs than for 2D cell cultures. Compared to static cultivation, the viability of cells in the bioprinted 3D model was significantly increased by approximately 60% in the perfusion system. Dynamic cultivation also enhanced the cytotoxicity of the tested drug, and the drug-mediated apoptosis was increased with a fourfold higher fraction of cells with a signal for the apoptosis marker caspase-3 and a sixfold higher fraction of cells positive for PARP-1. Altogether, this easily reproducible cancer model can be used for initial testing of the cytotoxicity of new anticancer substances. For subsequent in-depth characterization of candidate drugs, further improvements will be necessary, such as the generation of a multi-cell type lung cancer model and the lining of vascular structures with endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Mei
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, TIB 4/3-2, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dongwei Wu
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, TIB 4/3-2, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Berg
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, TIB 4/3-2, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatrice Tolksdorf
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, TIB 4/3-2, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Viola Roehrs
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, TIB 4/3-2, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Kurreck
- BioNukleo GmbH, Ackerstr. 76, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Hiller
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, TIB 4/3-2, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
- PRAMOMOLECULAR GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Kurreck
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, TIB 4/3-2, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
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32
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Sarker S, Colton A, Wen Z, Xu X, Erdi M, Jones A, Kofinas P, Tubaldi E, Walczak P, Janowski M, Liang Y, Sochol RD. 3D-Printed Microinjection Needle Arrays via a Hybrid DLP-Direct Laser Writing Strategy. Adv Mater Technol 2023; 8:2201641. [PMID: 37064271 PMCID: PMC10104452 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202201641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Microinjection protocols are ubiquitous throughout biomedical fields, with hollow microneedle arrays (MNAs) offering distinctive benefits in both research and clinical settings. Unfortunately, manufacturing-associated barriers remain a critical impediment to emerging applications that demand high-density arrays of hollow, high-aspect-ratio microneedles. To address such challenges, here, a hybrid additive manufacturing approach that combines digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing with "ex situ direct laser writing (esDLW)" is presented to enable new classes of MNAs for fluidic microinjections. Experimental results for esDLW-based 3D printing of arrays of high-aspect-ratio microneedles-with 30 μm inner diameters, 50 μm outer diameters, and 550 μm heights, and arrayed with 100 μm needle-to-needle spacing-directly onto DLP-printed capillaries reveal uncompromised fluidic integrity at the MNA-capillary interface during microfluidic cyclic burst-pressure testing for input pressures in excess of 250 kPa (n = 100 cycles). Ex vivo experiments perform using excised mouse brains reveal that the MNAs not only physically withstand penetration into and retraction from brain tissue but also yield effective and distributed microinjection of surrogate fluids and nanoparticle suspensions directly into the brains. In combination, the results suggest that the presented strategy for fabricating high-aspect-ratio, high-density, hollow MNAs could hold unique promise for biomedical microinjection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunandita Sarker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Maryland Robotics Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Adira Colton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Maryland Robotics Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Ziteng Wen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Metecan Erdi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Anthony Jones
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Maryland Robotics Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Peter Kofinas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Eleonora Tubaldi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Maryland Robotics Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Program in Image Guided Neurointerventions, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- Program in Image Guided Neurointerventions, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yajie Liang
- Program in Image Guided Neurointerventions, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ryan D Sochol
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Maryland Robotics Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Prévôt ME, Ustunel S, Freychet G, Webb CR, Zhernenkov M, Pindak R, Clements RJ, Hegmann E. Physical Models from Physical Templates Using Biocompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomers as Morphologically Programmable Inks For 3D Printing. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200343. [PMID: 36415071 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Advanced manufacturing has received considerable attention as a tool for the fabrication of cell scaffolds however, finding ideal biocompatible and biodegradable materials that fit the correct parameters for 3D printing and guide cells to align remain a challenge. Herein, a photocrosslinkable smectic-A (Sm-A) liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) designed for 3D printing is presented, that promotes cell proliferation but most importantly induces cell anisotropy. The LCE-based bio-ink allows the 3D duplication of a highly complex brain structure generated from an animal model. Vascular tissue models are generated from fluorescently stained mouse tissue spatially imaged using confocal microscopy and subsequently processed to create a digital 3D model suitable for printing. The 3D structure is reproduced using a Digital Light Processing (DLP) stereolithography (SLA) desktop 3D printer. Synchrotron Small-Angle X-ray Diffraction (SAXD) data reveal a strong alignment of the LCE layering within the struts of the printed 3D scaffold. The resultant anisotropy of the LCE struts is then shown to direct cell growth. This study offers a simple approach to produce model tissues built within hours that promote cellular alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne E Prévôt
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Senay Ustunel
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.,Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Guillaume Freychet
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Synchrotron Light Source-II, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Caitlyn R Webb
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Mikhail Zhernenkov
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Synchrotron Light Source-II, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Ron Pindak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Synchrotron Light Source-II, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Robert J Clements
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Elda Hegmann
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.,Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.,Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
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34
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de Oliveira MF, da Silva LCE, Catori DM, Lorevice MV, Galvão KEA, Millás ALG, de Oliveira MG. Photocurable Nitric Oxide-Releasing Copolyester for the 3D Printing of Bioresorbable Vascular Stents. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200448. [PMID: 36519642 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The design of bioresorbable vascular stents (BVS) capable of releasing nitric oxide (NO) at the implant site may enable BVS to mimic the antiplatelet, antiproliferative, and pro-endothelial actions of NO, overcoming complications of BVS such as late thrombosis and restenosis. In this study, the fabrication of BVS composed of methacrylated poly(dodecanediol citrate-co-dodecanediol S-nitroso-mercaptosuccinate) (mP(DC-co-DMSNO)), a novel elastomeric, bioabsorbable, and photocurable copolyester, containing covalently bound S-nitrosothiol groups in the carbon backbone of the polymer, is reported. The mP(DC-co-DMSNO) stents are manufactured via photoinduced 3D printing and allow deployment via a self-expansion process from a balloon catheter. After deployment, hydration of the stents triggers the release of NO, which is maintained during the slow hydrolysis of the polymer. Real-time NO release measurements show that by varying the copolyester composition and the strut geometry of the mP(DC-co-DMSNO) stents, it is possible to modulate their NO release rate in the range of 30-52 pmol min-1 cm-2 . Preliminary biological assays in cell culture show that endothelial cells adhere to the surface of the stents and that NO release favors their endothelization. Thus, mP(DC-co-DMSNO) may emerge as a new platform for the fabrication of advanced BVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus F de Oliveira
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Rua Josué de Castro, s/n, CP 6154, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Laura C E da Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Rua Josué de Castro, s/n, CP 6154, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Daniele M Catori
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Rua Josué de Castro, s/n, CP 6154, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Marcos V Lorevice
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Rua Josué de Castro, s/n, CP 6154, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Karen E A Galvão
- 3D Biotechnology Solutions, 3DBS, Rua da Abolição, 1880, Campinas, SP, 13041-445, Brazil
| | - Ana L G Millás
- 3D Biotechnology Solutions, 3DBS, Rua da Abolição, 1880, Campinas, SP, 13041-445, Brazil
| | - Marcelo G de Oliveira
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Rua Josué de Castro, s/n, CP 6154, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
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35
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Tosun ON, Bilmenoglu C, Özdemir AK. Comparison of denture base adaptation between additive and conventional fabrication techniques. J Prosthodont 2023; 32:e64-e70. [PMID: 36495146 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This in vitro study compared the adaptation of denture bases fabricated by injection molding (IM), compression molding (CM), liquid crystal display (LCD), and digital light processing (DLP) techniques. MATERIAL AND METHODS A definitive maxillary cast was duplicated using a silicone mold to create 40 gypsum casts that were laser scanned before any fabrication procedures were initiated. For the DLP and LCD groups, 20 denture bases (10 in each group) were virtually designed and manufactured referring to the digitalized data. For the CM and IM groups, 20 denture bases (10 in each group) were molded using gypsum models. A total of 40 gypsum models and their corresponding denture bases were scanned. The scanned intaglio surface of each denture base was superimposed on the scanned reference cast to compare the degree of tissue surface adaptation. The three-dimensional surface deviations of the total intaglio surface, denture border apex, palatal vault, and crest of the ridge were evaluated on the basis of the best fit algorithm technique using inspection software. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison test (α = 0.05). RESULTS According to the superimposing results, for the total intaglio surface, the lowest deviation was present on the injection-molded group and the highest deviation occurred on the LCD group. For the palatal vault, the lowest deviation was present on the DLP group and the highest deviation occurred in the compression molded group. For the crest of the ridge, the lowest deviation was present in the injection-molded group and the highest deviation occurred in the LCD group. For the denture border apex, the lowest deviation was present in the DLP group and the highest deviation occurred in the LCD group. CONCLUSIONS Maxillary denture bases fabricated using DLP and IM techniques showed higher surface adaptation than the bases fabricated using LCD and CM techniques. Among the conventional techniques, higher compatible dentures can be produced with IM; among the additive techniques, higher compatible dentures can be produced with DLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Nuri Tosun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Caglar Bilmenoglu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Ali Kemal Özdemir
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, İstanbul Gelişim University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Son M, Raju K, Lee J, Jung J, Jeong S, Kim JI, Cho J. 3D Printing of CNT- and YSZ-Added Dental Resin-Based Composites by Digital Light Processing and Their Mechanical Properties. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:1873. [PMID: 36902988 PMCID: PMC10004184 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the successful 3D printing of dental resin-based composites (DRCs) containing ceramic particles using the digital light processing (DLP) technique. The mechanical properties and oral rinsing stability of the printed composites were evaluated. DRCs have been extensively studied for restorative and prosthetic dentistry due to their clinical performance and aesthetic quality. They are often subjected to periodic environmental stress, and thus can easily undergo undesirable premature failure. Here, we investigated the effects of two different high-strength and biocompatible ceramic additives, carbon nanotube (CNT) and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), on the mechanical properties and oral rinsing stabilities of DRCs. Dental resin matrices containing different wt.% of CNT or YSZ were printed using the DLP technique after analyzing the rheological behavior of slurries. Mechanical properties such as Rockwell hardness and flexural strength, as well as the oral rinsing stability of the 3D-printed composites, were systematically investigated. The results indicated that a DRC with 0.5 wt.% YSZ exhibits the highest hardness of 19.8 ± 0.6 HRB and a flexural strength flexural strength of 50.6 ± 6 MPa, as well as reasonable oral rinsing steadiness. This study provides a fundamental perspective for designing advanced dental materials containing biocompatible ceramic particles.
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Gao J, Li M, Cheng J, Liu X, Liu Z, Liu J, Tang P. 3D-Printed GelMA/PEGDA/F127DA Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14020096. [PMID: 36826895 PMCID: PMC9962173 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineered scaffolds are an effective method for the treatment of bone defects, and their structure and function are essential for bone regeneration. Digital light processing (DLP) printing technology has been widely used in bone tissue engineering (BTE) due to its high printing resolution and gentle printing process. As commonly used bioinks, synthetic polymers such as polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and Pluronic F127 diacrylate (F127DA) have satisfactory printability and mechanical properties but usually lack sufficient adhesion to cells and tissues. Here, a compound BTE scaffold based on PEGDA, F127DA, and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) was successfully prepared using DLP printing technology. The scaffold not only facilitated the adhesion and proliferation of cells, but also effectively promoted the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in an osteoinductive environment. Moreover, the bone tissue volume/total tissue volume (BV/TV) of the GelMA/PEGDA/F127DA (GPF) scaffold in vivo was 49.75 ± 8.50%, higher than the value of 37.10 ± 7.27% for the PEGDA/F127DA (PF) scaffold and 20.43 ± 2.08% for the blank group. Therefore, the GPF scaffold prepared using DLP printing technology provides a new approach to the treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpeng Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Junyao Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhongyang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jianheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing 100853, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (P.T.)
| | - Peifu Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing 100853, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (P.T.)
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38
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Jung JM, Kim GN, Koh YH, Kim HE. Manufacturing and Characterization of Dental Crowns Made of 5-mol% Yttria Stabilized Zirconia by Digital Light Processing. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:1447. [PMID: 36837076 PMCID: PMC9963883 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We herein report manufacturing of dental crowns made of 5-mol% yttria partially stabilized zirconia (5Y-PSZ) with desired mechanical properties, optical translucency and dimensional accuracy using digital light processing (DLP). To this end, all processing parameters were carefully controlled and optimized. First, 5Y-PSZ particles with a bimodal distribution were prepared via calcination of as-received granules and subsequent ball-milling and then used to formulate 5Y-PSZ suspensions with a high solid loading of 50 vol% required for high densification after sintering. Dispersant content was also optimized. To provide high dimensional accuracy, initial dimensions of dental crowns for 3D printing were precisely determined by considering increase and decrease in dimensions during photopolymerization and sintering, respectively. Photopolymerization time was also optimized for a given layer thickness of 50 μm to ensure good bonding between layers. A multi-step debinding schedule with a slow heating rate was employed to avoid formation of any defects. After sintering at 1500 °C for 2 h, 5Y-PSZ could be almost fully densified without noticeable defects within layers and at interfaces between layers. They had high relative densities (99.03 ± 0.39%) with a high cubic phase content (59.1%). These characteristics allowed for achievement of reasonably high mechanical properties (flexural strength = 625.4 ± 75.5 MPa and Weibull modulus = 7.9) and % transmittance (31.4 ± 0.7%). In addition, 5Y-PSZ dental crowns showed excellent dimensional accuracy (root mean square (RMS) for marginal discrepancy = 44.4 ± 10.8 μm and RMS for internal gap = 22.8 ± 1.6 μm) evaluated by the 3D scanning technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Jung
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Nam Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hag Koh
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun-Ee Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Delaey J, Parmentier L, Pyl L, Brancart J, Adriaensens P, Dobos A, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S. Solid-State Crosslinkable, Shape-Memory Polyesters Serving Tissue Engineering. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200955. [PMID: 36755500 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Acrylate-endcapped urethane-based precursors constituting a poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PDLLA/PCL) random copolymer backbone are synthesized with linear and star-shaped architectures and various molar masses. It is shown that the glass transition and thus the actuation temperature could be tuned by varying the monomer content (0-8 wt% ε-caprolactone, Tg,crosslinked = 10-42 °C) in the polymers. The resulting polymers are analyzed for their physico-chemical properties and viscoelastic behavior (G'max = 9.6-750 kPa). The obtained polymers are subsequently crosslinked and their shape-memory properties are found to be excellent (Rr = 88-100%, Rf = 78-99.5%). Moreover, their potential toward processing via various additive manufacturing techniques (digital light processing, two-photon polymerization and direct powder extrusion) is evidenced with retention of their shape-memory effect. Additionally, all polymers are found to be biocompatible in direct contact in vitro cell assays using primary human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) through MTS assay (up to ≈100% metabolic activity relative to TCP) and live/dead staining (>70% viability).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Delaey
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Laurens Parmentier
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Lincy Pyl
- Department of Mechanics of Materials and Constructions (MeMC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Joost Brancart
- Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science (FYSC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Peter Adriaensens
- Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
| | - Agnes Dobos
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.,BIO INX BV, Tech Lane 66, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.,BIO INX BV, Tech Lane 66, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Belgium
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Xu X, Fu G, Wang Y, Cao Q, Xun Y, Li C, Guan C, Huang W. Highly Efficient All-3D-Printed Electrolyzer toward Ultrastable Water Electrolysis. Nano Lett 2023; 23:629-636. [PMID: 36634273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The practical application of electrochemical water splitting has been plagued by the sluggish kinetics of bubble generation and the slow escape of bubbles which block reaction surfaces at high current densities. Here, 3D-printed Ni (3DP Ni) electrodes with a rationally designed periodic structure and surface chemistry are reported, where the macroscopic ordered pores allow fast bubble evolution and emission, while the microporosity ensures a high electrochemically active surface area (ECSA). When they are further loaded with MoNi4 and NiFe layered double hydroxide active materials, the 3D electrodes deliver 500 mA cm-2 at an overpotential of 104 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and 310 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), respectively. An all-3D-printed alkaline electrolyzer (including electrodes, membrane, and cell) delivers 500 mA cm-2 at a remarkable voltage of 1.63 V with no noticeable performance decay after 1000 h. Such a tailored bubble trajectory demonstrates feasible solutions for future large-scale clean energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics and MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an710072, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 218 Qingyi Road, Ningbo315103, People's Republic of China
| | - Gangwen Fu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics and MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an710072, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 218 Qingyi Road, Ningbo315103, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics and MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghe Cao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics and MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanran Xun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore117576, Singapore
| | - Chen Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics and MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Cao Guan
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics and MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an710072, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 218 Qingyi Road, Ningbo315103, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics and MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an710072, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing210023, People's Republic of China
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Wu Y, Chen R, Chen X, Yang Y, Qiao J, Liu Y. Development of Strong and Tough β-TCP/PCL Composite Scaffolds with Interconnected Porosity by Digital Light Processing and Partial Infiltration. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:947. [PMID: 36769953 PMCID: PMC9918277 DOI: 10.3390/ma16030947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Strong and tough β-TCP/PCL composite scaffolds with interconnected porosity were developed by combining digital light processing and vacuum infiltration. The composite scaffolds were comprised of pure β-TCP, β-TCP matrix composite and PCL matrix composite. The porous β-TCP/PCL composite scaffolds showed remarkable mechanical advantages compared with ceramic scaffolds with the same macroscopic pore structure (dense scaffolds). The composite scaffolds exhibited a significant increase in strain energy density and fracture energy density, though with similar compressive and flexural strengths. Moreover, the composite scaffolds had a much higher Weibull modulus and longer fatigue life than the dense scaffolds. It was revealed that the composite scaffolds with interconnected porosity possess comprehensive mechanical properties (high strength, excellent toughness, significant reliability and fatigue resistance), which suggests that they could replace the pure ceramic scaffolds for degradable bone substitutes, especially in complex stress environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Wu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ruomeng Chen
- Key Lab of Intelligent Equipment Digital Design and Process Simulation, Tangshan College, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jian Qiao
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Yaxiong Liu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
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He X, Cheng J, Li Z, Ye H, Wei X, Li H, Wang R, Zhang YF, Yang HY, Guo C, Ge Q. Multimaterial Three-Dimensional Printing of Ultraviolet-Curable Ionic Conductive Elastomers with Diverse Polymers for Multifunctional Flexible Electronics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:3455-3466. [PMID: 36538002 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ionic conductive elastomers (ICEs) are emerging stretchable and ionic conductive materials that are solvent-free and thus demonstrate excellent thermal stability. Three-dimensional (3D) printing that creates complex 3D structures in free forms is considered as an ideal approach to manufacture sophisticated ICE-based devices. However, the current technologies constrain 3D printed ICE structures in a single material, which greatly limits functionality and performance of ICE-based devices and machines. Here, we report a digital light processing (DLP)-based multimaterial 3D printing capability to seemly integrate ultraviolet-curable ICE (UV-ICE) with nonconductive materials to create ionic flexible electronic devices in 3D forms with enhanced performance. This unique capability allows us to readily manufacture various 3D flexible electronic devices. To demonstrate this, we printed UV-ICE circuits into polymer substrates with different mechanical properties to create resistive strain and force sensors; we printed flexible capacitive sensors with high sensitivity (2 kPa-1) and a wide range of measured pressures (from 5 Pa to 550 kPa) by creating a complex microstructure in the dielectric layer; we even realized ionic conductor-activated four-dimensional (4D) printing by printing a UV-ICE circuit into a shape memory polymer substrate. The proposed approach paves a new efficient way to realize multifunctional flexible devices and machines by bonding ICEs with other polymers in 3D forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangnan He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Jianxiang Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Zhenqing Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Haitao Ye
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Xinfeng Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Honggeng Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Yuan-Fang Zhang
- Shien-Ming Wu School of Intelligent Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou511442, China
| | - Hui Ying Yang
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore487372, Singapore
| | - Chuanfei Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Qi Ge
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
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Galarraga JH, Dhand AP, Enzmann BP, Burdick JA. Synthesis, Characterization, and Digital Light Processing of a Hydrolytically Degradable Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:413-425. [PMID: 36516973 PMCID: PMC10928645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Numerous chemical modifications of hyaluronic acid (HA) have been explored for the formation of degradable hydrogels that are suitable for a variety of biomedical applications, including biofabrication and drug delivery. Thiol-ene step-growth chemistry is of particular interest due to its lower oxygen sensitivity and ability to precisely tune mechanical properties. Here, we utilize an aqueous esterification route via reaction with carbic anhydride to synthesize norbornene-modified HA (NorHACA) that is amenable to thiol-ene crosslinking to form hydrolytically unstable networks. NorHACA is first synthesized with varying degrees of modification (∼15-100%) by adjusting the ratio of reactive carbic anhydride to HA. Thereafter, NorHACA is reacted with dithiol crosslinker in the presence of visible light and photoinitiator to form hydrogels within tens of seconds. Unlike conventional NorHA, NorHACA hydrogels are highly susceptible to hydrolytic degradation through enhanced ester hydrolysis. Both the mechanical properties and the degradation timescales of NorHACA hydrogels are tuned via macromer concentration and/or the degree of modification. Moreover, the degradation behavior of NorHACA hydrogels is validated through a statistical-co-kinetic model of ester hydrolysis. The rapid degradation of NorHACA hydrogels can be adjusted by incorporating small amounts of slowly degrading NorHA macromer into the network. Further, NorHACA hydrogels are implemented as digital light processing (DLP) resins to fabricate hydrolytically degradable scaffolds with complex, macroporous structures that can incorporate cell-adhesive sites for cell attachment and proliferation after fabrication. Additionally, DLP bioprinting of NorHACA hydrogels to form cell-laden constructs with high viability is demonstrated, making them useful for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H. Galarraga
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Abhishek P. Dhand
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bruce P. Enzmann
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jason A. Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
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Chaudhary R, Akbari R, Antonini C. Rational Design and Characterization of Materials for Optimized Additive Manufacturing by Digital Light Processing. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020287. [PMID: 36679168 PMCID: PMC9866493 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing technologies are developed and utilized to manufacture complex, lightweight, functional, and non-functional components with optimized material consumption. Among them, vat polymerization-based digital light processing (DLP) exploits the polymerization of photocurable resins in the layer-by-layer production of three-dimensional objects. With the rapid growth of the technology in the last few years, DLP requires a rational design framework for printing process optimization based on the specific material and printer characteristics. In this work, we investigate the curing of pure photopolymers, as well as ceramic and metal suspensions, to characterize the material properties relevant to the printing process, such as penetration depth and critical energy. Based on the theoretical framework offered by the Beer-Lambert law for absorption and on experimental results, we define a printing space that can be used to rationally design new materials and optimize the printing process using digital light processing. The proposed methodology enables printing optimization for any material and printer combination, based on simple preliminary material characterization tests to define the printing space. Also, this methodology can be generalized and applied to other vat polymerization technologies.
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Yang SY, Koh YH, Kim HE. Digital Light Processing of Zirconia Suspensions Containing Photocurable Monomer/Camphor Vehicle for Dental Applications. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16010402. [PMID: 36614741 PMCID: PMC9821819 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the utility of solid camphor as a novel diluent in photocurable hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) monomer to manufacture 4 mol% yttria partially stabilized zirconia (4Y-PSZ) components for dental applications by digital light processing (DLP). The use of a 65 wt% HDDA-35 wt% camphor solution allowed 4Y-PSZ suspensions to have reasonably low viscosities (1399 ± 55.8 mPa·s at a shear rate of 75 s-1), measured by a cone/plate viscometer, at a high solid loading of 48 vol%, where 4Y-PSZ particles prepared by calcination of as-received 4Y-PSZ granules, followed by a ball-milling process, were used with assistance of a dispersant. These 4Y-PSZ suspensions could be successfully applied to our custom-made DLP machine for manufacturing 4Y-PSZ components. To this end, several processing parameters, including layer thickness of 4Y-PSZ suspension, UV illumination time for layer-by-layer photocuring process, and initial dimensions of 4Y-PSZ objects, were tightly controlled. As sintering temperature increased from 1300 °C to 1500 °C, relative density and grain size of 4Y-PSZ objects increased, and cubic phase content also increased. Thus, after sintering at the highest temperature of 1500 °C for 3 h, high mechanical properties (biaxial flexural strength = 911 ± 40.7 MPa, hardness = 1371 ± 14.4 Hv) and reasonably high optical transmittance (translucency parameter = 7.77 ± 0.32, contrast ratio = 0.809 ± 0.007), evaluated by a spectrophotometer, were obtained due to a high relative density (97.2 ± 1.38%), which would be useful for dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Young Yang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hag Koh
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun-Ee Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Sultan MT, Lee OJ, Lee JS, Park CH. Three-Dimensional Digital Light-Processing Bioprinting Using Silk Fibroin-Based Bio-Ink: Recent Advancements in Biomedical Applications. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123224. [PMID: 36551978 PMCID: PMC9775525 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has been developed as a viable method for fabricating functional tissues and organs by precisely spatially arranging biomaterials, cells, and biochemical components in a layer-by-layer fashion. Among the various bioprinting strategies, digital light-processing (DLP) printing has gained enormous attention due to its applications in tissue engineering and biomedical fields. It allows for high spatial resolution and the rapid printing of complex structures. Although bio-ink is a critical aspect of 3D bioprinting, only a few bio-inks have been used for DLP bioprinting in contrast to the number of bio-inks employed for other bioprinters. Recently, silk fibroin (SF), as a natural bio-ink material used for DLP 3D bioprinting, has gained extensive attention with respect to biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility and mechanical properties. This review introduces DLP-based 3D bioprinting, its related technology, and the fabrication process of silk fibroin-based bio-ink. Then, we summarize the applications of DLP 3D bioprinting based on SF-based bio-ink in the tissue engineering and biomedical fields. We also discuss the current limitations and future perspectives of DLP 3D bioprinting using SF-based bio-ink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Tipu Sultan
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute (NBRM), College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Joo Lee
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute (NBRM), College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Seob Lee
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute (NBRM), College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hum Park
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute (NBRM), College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Depratment of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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Zandrini T, Florczak S, Levato R, Ovsianikov A. Breaking the resolution limits of 3D bioprinting: future opportunities and present challenges. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 41:604-614. [PMID: 36513545 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting aims to produce 3D structures from which embedded cells can receive mechanical and chemical stimuli that influence their behavior, direct their organization and migration, and promote differentiation, in a similar way to what happens within the native extracellular matrix. However, limited spatial resolution has been a bottleneck for conventional 3D bioprinting approaches. Reproducing fine features at the cellular scale, while maintaining a reasonable printing volume, is necessary to enable the biofabrication of more complex and functional tissue and organ models. In this opinion article we recount the emergence of, and discuss the most promising, high-definition (HD) bioprinting techniques to achieve this goal, discussing which obstacles remain to be overcome, and which applications are envisioned in the tissue engineering field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Zandrini
- 3D Printing and Biofabrication Group, Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Technische Universität Wien (TU Wien), Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration (https://www.tissue-regeneration.at)
| | - Sammy Florczak
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht and Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Levato
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht and Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandr Ovsianikov
- 3D Printing and Biofabrication Group, Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Technische Universität Wien (TU Wien), Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration (https://www.tissue-regeneration.at).
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Wirth DM, Hochberg JD, Pokorski JK. Photocurable Coatings to Improve the Mechanical Properties of 3D Printable Expanding Foams. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:54245-54255. [PMID: 36440705 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments of highly expandable foaming pre-polymer resins for lithographic additive manufacturing have allowed for the creation of structures larger than a printer's build envelope. To fully utilize the capabilities of this technology, the mechanical properties of these foams must be improved. This manuscript presents one method for strengthening these lightweight polymeric structures via aerosol spray application of a high-strength, low-viscosity photocurable coating. This method is free from the reliance on often complex, large, or bulky on-site equipment ordinarily required by conventional high-strength spray coating. The newly formulated photocurable resin can be applied using an ordinary cordless paint sprayer and cured using sunlight in less than a minute, enabling the rapid production of large, load-bearing structures from a small volume of feedstock and low-cost portable equipment. A comprehensive screening process for resin formulations, detailed mechanical compression and tensile analysis of coated polymer structures, and an applied technical demonstration of the technology are described. The photocurable coating described herein greatly strengthens porous polymeric structures using a method that can be easily implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Wirth
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, Jacobs School of Engineering, La Jolla, California92093, United States
| | - Justin D Hochberg
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, Jacobs School of Engineering, La Jolla, California92093, United States
| | - Jonathan K Pokorski
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, Jacobs School of Engineering, La Jolla, California92093, United States
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Sommonte F, Weaver E, Mathew E, Denora N, Lamprou DA. In-House Innovative "Diamond Shaped" 3D Printed Microfluidic Devices for Lysozyme-Loaded Liposomes. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112484. [PMID: 36432675 PMCID: PMC9699034 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology applications have emerged as one of the most actively researched areas in recent years. As a result, substantial study into nanoparticulate lipidic systems and liposomes (LPs) has been conducted. Regardless of the advantages, various challenges involving traditional manufacturing processes have hampered their expansion. Here, the combination of microfluidic technology (MF) and 3D printing (3DP) digital light processing (DLP) was fruitfully investigated in the creation of novel, previously unexplored "diamond shaped" devices suitable for the production of LPs carrying lysozyme as model drug. Computer-aided design (CAD) software was used designing several MF devices with significantly multiple and diverse geometries. These were printed using a high-performance DLP 3DP, resulting in extremely high-resolution chips that were tested to optimize the experimental condition of MF-based LPs. Monodisperse narrow-sized lysozyme-loaded PEGylated LPs were produced using in-house devices. The developed formulations succumbed to stability tests to determine their consistency, and then an encapsulation efficacy (EE) study was performed, yielding good findings. The in vitro release study indicated that lysozyme-loaded LPs could release up to 93% of the encapsulated cargo within 72 h. Therefore, the proficiency of the association between MF and 3DP was demonstrated, revealing a potential growing synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sommonte
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Orabona Street, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Edward Weaver
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Essyrose Mathew
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Orabona Street, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (N.D.); (D.A.L.); Tel.: +39-080-544-2767 (N.D.); +44-(0)28-9097-2617 (D.A.L.)
| | - Dimitrios A. Lamprou
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Correspondence: (N.D.); (D.A.L.); Tel.: +39-080-544-2767 (N.D.); +44-(0)28-9097-2617 (D.A.L.)
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Verisqa F, Cha JR, Nguyen L, Kim HW, Knowles JC. Digital Light Processing 3D Printing of Gyroid Scaffold with Isosorbide-Based Photopolymer for Bone Tissue Engineering. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1692. [PMID: 36421706 PMCID: PMC9687763 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most transplanted tissues of the human body, bone has varying architectures, depending on its anatomical location. Therefore, bone defects ideally require bone substitutes with a similar structure and adequate strength comparable to native bones. Light-based three-dimensional (3D) printing methods allow the fabrication of biomimetic scaffolds with high resolution and mechanical properties that exceed the result of commonly used extrusion-based printing. Digital light processing (DLP) is known for its faster and more accurate printing than other 3D printing approaches. However, the development of biocompatible resins for light-based 3D printing is not as rapid as that of bio-inks for extrusion-based printing. In this study, we developed CSMA-2, a photopolymer based on Isosorbide, a renewable sugar derivative monomer. The CSMA-2 showed suitable rheological properties for DLP printing. Gyroid scaffolds with high resolution were successfully printed. The 3D-printed scaffolds also had a compressive modulus within the range of a human cancellous bone modulus. Human adipose-derived stem cells remained viable for up to 21 days of incubation on the scaffolds. A calcium deposition from the cells was also found on the scaffolds. The stem cells expressed osteogenic markers such as RUNX2, OCN, and OPN. These results indicated that the scaffolds supported the osteogenic differentiation of the progenitor cells. In summary, CSMA-2 is a promising material for 3D printing techniques with high resolution that allow the fabrication of complex biomimetic scaffolds for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Verisqa
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Jae-Ryung Cha
- Department of Chemistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Linh Nguyen
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan C. Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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