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Valle JP, Gonzalez B, Schultz J, Salinas D, Gonzalez DF, Valdes C, Cantu JM, Eubanks TM, Parsons JG. Sorption of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) to K 2Mn 4O 9 nanomaterial a Study of the effect of pH, time, temperature and interferences. Microchem J 2017; 133:614-621. [PMID: 29081543 DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A Rancieite type material (K2Mn4O9) nanomaterial was synthesized and tested for the removal of chromium (III) and chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions. The synthesized nanomaterial was characterized using powder XRD and SEM. XRD showed weak diffraction peaks at only at the angles associated with K2Mn4O9. The SEM corroborated that the nanoparticles were present; however, the nanoparticles were clustered into larger aggregates. Batch studies were performed to determine the optimum pH, capacity, time dependency, interferences, and the thermodynamics of the binding. The optimum pH for the binding of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were determined to be pH 5 and pH 2, respectively. Isotherm studies were performed at temperatures of 4 , 25 , and 45 for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) and showed binding capacities of 21.7 mg/g, 36.5 mg/g, 41.8 mg/g for Cr(III). The Cr(VI) binding capacities were 4.22 mg/g, 4.08 mg/g, and 3.25 mg/g at the respective temperatures. The thermodynamic studies showed that the binding processes for the reactions were spontaneous and endothermic, with a ΔH was 17.54 kJ/mol for Cr(III) and 6.05 kJ/mol for Cr(VI). The of sorption for Cr(III) were determined to be -3.88 kJ/mol, -5.83 kJ/mol and -7.03 kJ/mol at the aforementioned temperatures. The ΔG values for the Cr(VI) sorption were determined to be -4.89 kJ/mol, -5.64 kJ/mol, and -6.05 kJ/mol. In addition, the ΔS values for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were determined to be 77.92 J/mol and 39.49 J/mol, respectively. The thermodynamics indicate that the binding of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) is spontaneous and endothermic.
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Cogswell R, Duval S, Schultz J, Martin C, Liao K, John R. Left Ventricular Assist Device Is Protective Against Cardiac Transplant Delisting for Medical Unsuitability. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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53
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Mazzulla F, Cogswell R, Schultz J, Walts A, Misialek J, Thenappan T, Pritzker M, Missov E, Martin C, Liao K, John R. Outcomes of Patients Who Require Temporary Mechanical Circulatory Support Prior to Left Ventricular Assist Device Placement. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Leuck A, Schultz J, Mazzulla F, John R, Spratt J, Walts A, Cogswell R. Bridge to Transplant Status Is Associated with Improved Survival After the Development of Left Ventricular Assist Device Infection. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Niemann J, Johne C, Schröder S, Koch F, Ibrahim SM, Schultz J, Tiedge M, Baltrusch S. An mtDNA mutation accelerates liver aging by interfering with the ROS response and mitochondrial life cycle. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 102:174-187. [PMID: 27890640 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction affects liver metabolism, but it remains unclear whether this interferes with normal liver aging. We investigated several mitochondrial pathways in hepatocytes and liver tissue from a conplastic mouse strain compared with the control C57BL/6NTac strain over 18 months of life. The C57BL/6NTac-mtNODLtJ mice differed from C57BL/6NTac mice by a point mutation in mitochondrial-encoded subunit 3 of cytochrome c oxidase. Young C57BL/6NTac-mtNODLtJ mice showed reduced mitochondrial metabolism but similar reactive oxygen species (ROS) production to C57BL/6NTac mice. Whereas ROS increased almost equally up to 9 months in both strains, different mitochondrial adaptation strategies resulted in decreasing ROS in advanced age in C57BL/6NTac mice, but persistent ROS production in C57BL/6NTac-mtNODLtJ mice. Only the conplastic strain developed elongated mitochondrial networks with artificial loop structures, depressed autophagy, high mitochondrial respiration and up-regulated antioxidative response. Our results indicate that mtDNA mutations accelerate liver ballooning degeneration and carry a serious risk of premature organ aging.
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Mellstedt H, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Daneshmanesh A, Moshfegh A, Byström S, Norin M, Olin T, Schultz J, Vågberg J, Österborg A. First generation of a small chemical molecule ROR1 RTK tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw392.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Jaślan D, Mueller TD, Becker D, Schultz J, Cuin TA, Marten I, Dreyer I, Schönknecht G, Hedrich R. Gating of the two-pore cation channel AtTPC1 in the plant vacuole is based on a single voltage-sensing domain. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2016; 18:750-60. [PMID: 27270880 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The two-pore cation channel TPC1 operates as a dimeric channel in animal and plant endomembranes. Each subunit consists of two homologous Shaker-like halves, with 12 transmembrane domains in total (S1-S6, S7-S12). In plants, TPC1 channels reside in the vacuolar membrane, and upon voltage stimulation, give rise to the well-known slow-activating SV currents. Here, we combined bioinformatics, structure modelling, site-directed mutagenesis, and in planta patch clamp studies to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of voltage-dependent channel gating in TPC1 in its native plant background. Structure-function analysis of the Arabidopsis TPC1 channel in planta confirmed that helix S10 operates as the major voltage-sensing site, with Glu450 and Glu478 identified as possible ion-pair partners for voltage-sensing Arg537. The contribution of helix S4 to voltage sensing was found to be negligible. Several conserved negative residues on the luminal site contribute to calcium binding, stabilizing the closed channel. During evolution of plant TPC1s from two separate Shaker-like domains, the voltage-sensing function in the N-terminal Shaker-unit (S1-S4) vanished.
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Schultz J, Waterstradt R, Kantowski T, Rickmann A, Reinhardt F, Sharoyko V, Mulder H, Tiedge M, Baltrusch S. Precise expression of Fis1 is important for glucose responsiveness of beta cells. J Endocrinol 2016; 230:81-91. [PMID: 27179109 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial network functionality is vital for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells. Altered mitochondrial dynamics in pancreatic beta cells are thought to trigger the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Fission protein 1 (Fis1) might be a key player in this process. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate mitochondrial morphology in dependence of beta cell function, after knockdown and overexpression of Fis1. We demonstrate that glucose-unresponsive cells with impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (INS1-832/2) showed decreased mitochondrial dynamics compared with glucose-responsive cells (INS1-832/13). Accordingly, mitochondrial morphology visualised using MitoTracker staining differed between the two cell lines. INS1-832/2 cells formed elongated and clustered mitochondria, whereas INS1-832/13 cells showed a homogenous mitochondrial network. Fis1 overexpression using lentiviral transduction significantly improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and mitochondrial network homogeneity in glucose-unresponsive cells. Conversely, Fis1 downregulation by shRNA, both in primary mouse beta cells and glucose-responsive INS1-832/13 cells, caused unresponsiveness and significantly greater numbers of elongated mitochondria. Overexpression of FIS1 in primary mouse beta cells indicated an upper limit at which higher FIS1 expression reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Thus, FIS1 was overexpressed stepwise up to a high concentration in RINm5F cells using the RheoSwitch system. Moderate FIS1 expression improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, whereas high expression resulted in loss of glucose responsiveness and in mitochondrial artificial loop structures and clustering. Our data confirm that FIS1 is a key regulator in pancreatic beta cells, because both glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and mitochondrial dynamics were clearly adapted to precise expression levels of this fission protein.
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Reinhardt F, Schultz J, Waterstradt R, Baltrusch S. Drp1 guarding of the mitochondrial network is important for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 474:646-651. [PMID: 27154223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria form a tubular network in mammalian cells, and the mitochondrial life cycle is determined by fission, fusion and autophagy. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) has a pivotal role in these processes because it alone is able to constrict mitochondria. However, the regulation and function of Drp1 have been shown to vary between cell types. Mitochondrial morphology affects mitochondrial metabolism and function. In pancreatic beta cells mitochondrial metabolism is a key component of the glucose-induced cascade of insulin secretion. The goal of the present study was to investigate the action of Drp1 in pancreatic beta cells. For this purpose Drp1 was down-regulated by means of shDrp1 in insulin-secreting INS1 cells and mouse pancreatic islets. In INS1 cells reduced Drp1 expression resulted in diminished expression of proteins regulating mitochondrial fusion, namely mitofusin 1 and 2, and optic atrophy protein 1. Diminished mitochondrial dynamics can therefore be assumed. After down-regulation of Drp1 in INS1 cells and spread mouse islets the initially homogenous mitochondrial network characterised by a moderate level of interconnections shifted towards high heterogeneity with elongated, clustered and looped mitochondria. These morphological changes were found to correlate directly with functional alterations. Mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP generation were significantly reduced in INS1 cells after Drp1down-regulation. Finally, a significant loss of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was demonstrated in INS1 cells and mouse pancreatic islets. In conclusion, Drp1 expression is important in pancreatic beta cells to maintain the regulation of insulin secretion.
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Schultz J, Wagus J, Waterstradt R, Baltrusch S. Eine verstärkte Mid51 Expression führt zu einer veränderten mitochondrialen Netzwerkstruktur und einem Verlust der Glucoseresponsitvität in Beta Zellen. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1580801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Majchrzak M, Shannon K, Pleasant A, Cabe J, Evans A, Thomas H, Carmona R, Schultz J, Massani R. Canyon Ranch Institute Healthy Community: A Student-Centric, Integrative Health Model Advancing Health Literacy and Addressing Chronic Disease through a Hands-On Cooking and Nutrition Curriculum. J Acad Nutr Diet 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.06.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Schultz J, Bream-Rouwenhorst H, Hobbs R, McDanel D, Goerbig-Campbell J. Incidence of Gastrointestinal Bleeds in Patients With Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices Prescribed Serotonergic Agents. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.01.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Brenmoehl J, Ohde D, Walz C, Schultz J, Tuchscherer A, Rieder F, Renne U, Hoeflich A. Dynamics of Fat Mass in DUhTP Mice Selected for Running Performance - Fat Mobilization in a Walk. Obes Facts 2015; 8:373-85. [PMID: 26630291 PMCID: PMC5644887 DOI: 10.1159/000442399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reduction of body fat can be achieved by dietary programs and/or aerobic exercise training. More convenient methods to rid the body of excess fat are needed. However, it is unclear whether it is possible to more easily lose body weight at all. METHODS DUhTP mice bred through phenotype selection for high treadmill performance and unselected controls were voluntarily physically active in a running wheel over a period of 3 weeks. Phenotypical data were collected, and subcutaneous fat was analyzed for expression of mitochondria-relevant proteins. RESULTS Voluntary physical activity over 3 weeks exclusively in DUhTP mice severely reduced subcutaneous (-38%; p < 0.05) and epididymal (-32%; p < 0.05) fat. Following mild physical activity, subcutaneous fat derived from DUhTP mice showed increased levels of long chain acyl dehydrogenase (LCAD; +230%; p < 0.05) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1-α; p < 0.01). Mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) expression was similar in both sedentary genotypes but physical activity increased Tfam levels exclusively in DUhTP (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the mitochondrial mass is highly active in DUhTP mice and responsive even to mild physical activity. While genetic predisposition could not prevent fat accretion in DUhTP mice, voluntary activity was sufficient to reduce excess body fat almost completely.
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Freuschle A, Brom J, Hörmann K, Schultz J. Funktionelle und ästhetische Behandlung von Keloiden. AKTUELLE DERMATOLOGIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1365510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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65
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Esins J, Bulthoff I, Schultz J. Facial motion does not help face recognition in congenital prosopagnosics. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.1436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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66
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Teboh FR, Agee M, Rowe L, Creasy T, Schultz J, Bell R, Wong J, Armour E. SU-E-J-258: Inter- and Intra-Fraction Setup Stability and Couch Change Tolerance for Image Guided Radiation Therapy. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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67
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Niemann J, Johne C, Schultz J, Tiedge M, Baltrusch S. Eine mt-DNA Punktmutation in der Cytochrom-c-Oxidase verändert die mitochondriale Dynamik und begünstigt die Entwicklung eines Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1375050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Schultz J, Baltrusch S. Eine Kalorienreduktion bei adipösen ob/ob Mäuse reaktiviert die mitochondriale Dynamik in Leber, Muskel und Fettgewebe. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1374954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Reinhardt F, Waterstradt R, Kantowski T, Baltrusch S, Schultz J. Das Teilungsprotein Drp1 ist für die mitochondriale Funktion von Beta-Zellen und Hepatozyten essentiell. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1374925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lossnitzer N, Wagner E, Wild B, Frankenstein L, Rosendahl J, Leppert K, Herzog W, Schultz J. Resilienz bei chronischer Herzinsuffizienz. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2014; 139:580-4. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1369862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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71
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Kaminski MT, Schultz J, Waterstradt R, Tiedge M, Lenzen S, Baltrusch S. Glucose-induced dissociation of glucokinase from its regulatory protein in the nucleus of hepatocytes prior to nuclear export. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:554-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Reinhardt F, Schultz J, Waterstradt R, Baltrusch S. The mitochondrial fission proteins Fis1 and Drp1 are important for glucose-induced insulin secretion in glucose-responsive INS1 832/13 cells. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1359452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hofmeister-Brix A, Kollmann K, Langer S, Schultz J, Lenzen S, Baltrusch S. Identification of the ubiquitin-like domain of midnolin as a new glucokinase interaction partner. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:35824-39. [PMID: 24187134 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.526632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucokinase acts as a glucose sensor in pancreatic beta cells. Its posttranslational regulation is important but not yet fully understood. Therefore, a pancreatic islet yeast two-hybrid library was produced and searched for glucokinase-binding proteins. A protein sequence containing a full-length ubiquitin-like domain was identified to interact with glucokinase. Mammalian two-hybrid and fluorescence resonance energy transfer analyses confirmed the interaction between glucokinase and the ubiquitin-like domain in insulin-secreting MIN6 cells and revealed the highest binding affinity at low glucose. Overexpression of parkin, an ubiquitin E3 ligase exhibiting an ubiquitin-like domain with high homology to the identified, diminished insulin secretion in MIN6 cells but had only some effect on glucokinase activity. Overexpression of the elucidated ubiquitin-like domain or midnolin, containing exactly this ubiquitin-like domain, significantly reduced both intrinsic glucokinase activity and glucose-induced insulin secretion. Midnolin has been to date classified as a nucleolar protein regulating mouse development. However, we could not confirm localization of midnolin in nucleoli. Fluorescence microscopy analyses revealed localization of midnolin in nucleus and cytoplasm and co-localization with glucokinase in pancreatic beta cells. In addition we could show that midnolin gene expression in pancreatic islets is up-regulated at low glucose and that the midnolin protein is highly expressed in pancreatic beta cells and also in liver, muscle, and brain of the adult mouse and cell lines of human and rat origin. Thus, the results of our study suggest that midnolin plays a role in cellular signaling of adult tissues and regulates glucokinase enzyme activity in pancreatic beta cells.
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Reinhardt F, Waterstradt R, Tiedge M, Baltrusch S, Schultz J. Die Expression der mitochondrialen Teilungsproteine Fis1 und Drp1 ist für die Glukoseresponsivität von Beta-Zellen essentiell. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1341688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Frank ML, Becker E, Schultz J, Hähner U, Brückle I, Petersen K. Electrostatic Removal of Loose Particulate Surface Contamination from Historical Photographs / Elektrostatische Abnahme lose aufliegender partikulärer Verunreinigungen von historischen Photographien / Dissolution électrostatique des particules libres contaminant la surface de photographies historiques. RESTAURATOR-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE PRESERVATION OF LIBRARY AND ARCHIVAL MATERIAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1515/res-2013-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis article discusses the use of electrostatic cleaning technology to remove loose particulate surface contamination - which here includes microbial contaminants such as spores, conidia and hyphal fragments - from two 19th century albumen photographs mounted on cardboard. The results of this study, obtained using light microscopy, SEM/EDX and microbiological methods, as well as conservators' visual evaluation, show that the technology is fundamentally suitable for removing microbial contamination from photographic prints and their cardboard mounts. Cleaning the surface four times with electrostatically charged foils reduced the microbial contamination by up to 70%. The surface of the albumen print, which is sensitive to abrasion, was not harmed, and its characteristic features were not changed. The photographs, which were partly delaminated from the cardboard support and the mechanically weakened cardboard, could be treated without creating any additional damage.
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