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Zhang MM, Luo YY, Lu LQ, Xiao WJ. Advances on Asymmetric Allylic Substitutions under Synergetic Catalysis System with Transition Metals and Organocatalysts. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2018. [DOI: 10.6023/a18060237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kong SY, Jiang YS, Wang Q, Lu JF, Xu D, Lu LQ. Detection methods of Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 infection in silver crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) via a pORF72 monoclonal antibody. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:1791-1798. [PMID: 28548685 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) is the main pathogen responsible for causing haematopoietic necrosis disease in Carassius auratus gibelio. Although many nucleic acid-based diagnostic methods have been applied, no stable and sensitive immunological diagnostic approaches have been reported. In this study, to detect CyHV-2 in clinical samples using immunological methods, recombinant ORF72 protein (pORF72), encoded by the CyHV-2 ORF72 gene, was used as a capture antigen to identify blood and tissues infected with CyHV-2. First, ORF72 gene was amplified from the CyHV-2 genome and cloned into a PGEX-4t-3 expression vector to produce pORF72 in Escherichia coli. The purified pORF72 was used as an immunogen to prepare monoclonal antibodies. The Western blotting assays revealed that the monoclonal antibody could specifically identify the pORF72. Furthermore, an immunohistochemical protocol and a blood smear method were established to detect CyHV-2 in carps. The results indicate that the monoclonal antibody against pORF72 could be utilized as an effective detection tool for haematopoietic necrosis disease in Carassius auratus gibelio.
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Cheng BY, Wang YN, Li TR, Lu LQ, Xiao WJ. Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrroles through a Formal [4 + 1] Cycloaddition/E1cb Elimination/Aromatization Sequence of Sulfur Ylides and α,β-Unsaturated Imines. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12134-12140. [PMID: 29087199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A reaction sequence comprising a formal [4 + 1] cycloaddition, an E1cb elimination, and an aromatization process is described in this work. By doing so, polysubstituted pyrroles were achieved from easily available chemicals, sulfur ylides, and α,β-unsaturated imines. This protocol features mild conditions, high efficiency, and wide substrate scopes.
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Li MM, Wei Y, Liu J, Chen HW, Lu LQ, Xiao WJ. Sequential Visible-Light Photoactivation and Palladium Catalysis Enabling Enantioselective [4+2] Cycloadditions. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14707-14713. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zhang K, Lu LQ, Yao S, Chen JR, Shi DQ, Xiao WJ. Enantioconvergent Copper Catalysis: In Situ Generation of the Chiral Phosphorus Ylide and Its Wittig Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:12847-12854. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Li TR, Lu LQ, Wang YN, Wang BC, Xiao WJ. Divergent Synthesis of Polycyclic Indolines: Copper-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions of Propargylic Carbamates and Indoles. Org Lett 2017; 19:4098-4101. [PMID: 28742365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic indolines are the common and core structural motif of many indole alkaloids that usually exhibit biological activities. Here, we describe two copper-catalyzed cascade reactions between propargylic carbamates and indoles. By doing so, one-step and divergent synthesis of structurally distinct polycyclic indolines, quinoline-fused indolines, C(3a)-indolyl furoindolines, and pyrroloindolines was achieved in high synthetic efficiency and selectivity.
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Wang YN, Wang BC, Zhang MM, Gao XW, Li TR, Lu LQ, Xiao WJ. Hydrogen Bond Direction Enables Palladium-Catalyzed Branch- and Enantioselective Allylic Aminations and Beyond. Org Lett 2017; 19:4094-4097. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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58
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Lu LQ, Li TR, Wang Q, Xiao WJ. Beyond sulfide-centric catalysis: recent advances in the catalytic cyclization reactions of sulfur ylides. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:4135-4149. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00276e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This Tutorial Review highlighted recent achievements on the catalytic cyclization reactions of sulfur ylide reagents, especially the asymmetric processes avoiding the use of structurally complex chiral sulfides.
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Ding W, Lu LQ, Zhou QQ, Wei Y, Chen JR, Xiao WJ. Bifunctional Photocatalysts for Enantioselective Aerobic Oxidation of β-Ketoesters. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 139:63-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Chen JR, Hu XQ, Lu LQ, Xiao WJ. Exploration of Visible-Light Photocatalysis in Heterocycle Synthesis and Functionalization: Reaction Design and Beyond. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:1911-23. [PMID: 27551740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 461] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light photocatalysis has recently received increasing attention from chemists because of its wide application in organic synthesis and its significance for sustainable chemistry. This catalytic strategy enables the generation of various reactive species, frequently without stoichiometric activation reagents under mild reaction conditions. Manipulation of these reactive intermediates can result in numerous synthetically useful bond formations in a controllable manner. In this Account, we describe our recent advances in the rational design and strategic application of photocatalysis in the synthesis of various synthetically and biologically important heterocycles. Our main research efforts toward this goal can be classified into four categories: formal cycloaddition and cyclization reactions, radical-mediated olefin functionalization/cyclization cascades, photocatalytic generation and cyclization of N-centered radicals, and photocatalytic functionalization of heterocycles by visible-light-induced dual catalysis. Inspired by the wide application of tertiary amines as reductive additives in photoredox catalysis, we exploited a series of readily accessible or rationally designed tertiary amines with reactive sites in a range of photocatalytic formal cycloaddition and cyclization reactions, providing efficient access to diverse nitrogen heterocycles. Employing various photogenerated radical species, we further developed a series of radical-mediated olefin functionalization/cyclization cascade reactions to successfully assemble various five- and six-membered heterocycles. We have also achieved for the first time the direct catalytic conversion of recalcitrant N-H bonds into neutral N-centered radicals through a visible-light-photocatalytic oxidative deprotonation electron transfer. Using this generic strategy, we have devised several types of radical cyclizations of unsaturated hydrazones, leading to the construction of diversely functionalized pyrazoline and pyridazine derivatives in good yields and selectivity. Moreover, we have demonstrated that this photocatalysis can serve as a mild and highly selective tool for direct functionalization of heterocycles because of its powerful capability to controllably generate diverse reactive intermediates under mild reaction conditions. Guided by the fundamental principles of photocatalysis and the redox properties of the photocatalysts, we successfully developed an array of dual-catalyst systems by combining the photocatalysts with palladium, nickel, or amine, enabling efficient and selective coupling reactions. An intriguing phototandem catalytic system using a single photocatalyst was also identified for the development of cascade reactions. Notably, some of the newly developed methodologies have also been successfully utilized for late-stage modification of biologically active natural compounds and complex molecules and as key steps for formal synthesis of natural products. This Account presents a panoramic view and the logic of our recent contributions to the design, development, and application of photocatalytic systems and reactions that provide not only methods for the efficient synthesis of heterocycles but also useful insights into the exploration of new photochemical reactions.
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Li TR, Cheng BY, Wang YN, Zhang MM, Lu LQ, Xiao WJ. A Copper-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Amination/Hydroamination Sequence: Switchable Synthesis of Functionalized Indoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12422-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Li TR, Cheng BY, Wang YN, Zhang MM, Lu LQ, Xiao WJ. A Copper-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Amination/Hydroamination Sequence: Switchable Synthesis of Functionalized Indoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hong XP, Xu D, Zhuo Y, Liu HQ, Lu LQ. Identification and pathogenicity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates and immune responses of Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei (Boone). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2016; 39:1085-1097. [PMID: 26763100 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Five different Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains (SH8, SH108, SH58, AH5 and GD10) isolated from the hepatopancreas of moribund shrimp in farms of mainland China were identified and capable of inducing massive mortality of Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei. The immersion challenge results with five isolates indicated variance of virulence, while only GD10 caused massive sloughing of tubule epithelial cells which was recognized as the most significant symptom of AHPND. Differences in immune responses were detected of P. vannamei during 48 h post-infection (p.i.) by injection or immersion challenge with V. parahaemolyticus (SH8, SH108 and GD10) isolates. When injected SH8 and SH108 isolates, the expression of lysozyme (LSZ) showing statistically significant upregulation at 16 and 48 h p.i. and that of Toll-like receptors (TLR) showed statistically significant upregulation at 48 h p.i. When immersion challenge with the GD10 isolate, TLR were upregulated after 8 h p.i. challenge with 10(4) cfu mL(-1) ; however, LSZ was downregulated when challenged with 10(3) cfu mL(-1) . The results suggested that LSZ and TLR serve as crucial molecular markers of innate immunity in shrimp against V. parahaemolyticus infection. LSZ is a vital marker for acute bacterial infection, while TLR serves as a crucial marker for chronic infection.
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Chai Z, Zeng TT, Li Q, Lu LQ, Xiao WJ, Xu D. Efficient Visible Light-Driven Splitting of Alcohols into Hydrogen and Corresponding Carbonyl Compounds over a Ni-Modified CdS Photocatalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:10128-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Boucherif A, Duan SW, Yuan ZG, Lu LQ, Xiao WJ. Catalytic Asymmetric Allylation of 3-Aryloxindoles by Merging Palladium Catalysis and Asymmetric H-Bonding Catalysis. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201501155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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66
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Wang YN, Li TR, Zhang MM, Cheng BY, Lu LQ, Xiao WJ. Formal [3 + 2] Cycloadditions via Indole Activation: A Route to Pyrroloindolines and Furoindolines. J Org Chem 2016; 81:10491-10498. [PMID: 27429422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe a novel [3 + 2] cycloaddition of 3-substituted indoles with vinyl aziridines and vinyl epoxides that provides a straightforward approach to pyrroloindolines and furoindolines bearing vinyl groups (up to 96% yield and 9:1 dr). In contrary to previous reports involving Lewis acid activation, this work reports successful reactions based on the activation of indole using t-BuOK and BEt3 (triethylborane), thereby preserving the free N-H group on indoles. In addition, a gram-scale reaction and a ring-closing metatheis reaction are performed to provide good demonstrations of the synthetic utility of this approach.
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67
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Ding W, Lu LQ, Liu J, Liu D, Song HT, Xiao WJ. Visible Light Photocatalytic Radical–Radical Cross-Coupling Reactions of Amines and Carbonyls: A Route to 1,2-Amino Alcohols. J Org Chem 2016; 81:7237-43. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Song HT, Ding W, Zhou QQ, Liu J, Lu LQ, Xiao WJ. Photocatalytic Decarboxylative Hydroxylation of Carboxylic Acids Driven by Visible Light and Using Molecular Oxygen. J Org Chem 2016; 81:7250-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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69
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Wang Q, Li TR, Lu LQ, Li MM, Zhang K, Xiao WJ. Catalytic Asymmetric [4 + 1] Annulation of Sulfur Ylides with Copper–Allenylidene Intermediates. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8360-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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70
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Xia XD, Lu LQ, Liu WQ, Chen DZ, Zheng YH, Wu LZ, Xiao WJ. Frontispiece: Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Activation of Inert Sulfur Ylides for 3-Acyl Oxindole Synthesis. Chemistry 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201682561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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71
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Xia XD, Lu LQ, Liu WQ, Chen DZ, Zheng YH, Wu LZ, Xiao WJ. Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Activation of Inert Sulfur Ylides for 3-Acyl Oxindole Synthesis. Chemistry 2016; 22:8432-7. [PMID: 27002773 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bicarbonyl-substituted sulfur ylide is a useful, but inert reagent in organic synthesis. Usually, harsh reaction conditions are required for its transformation. For the first time, it was demonstrated that a new, visible-light photoredox catalytic annulation of sulfur ylides under extremely mild conditions, permits the synthesis of oxindole derivatives in high selectivities and efficiencies. The key to its success is the photocatalytic single-electron-transfer (SET) oxidation of the inert amide and acyl-stabilized sulfur ylides to reactive radical cations, which easily proceeds with intramolecular C-H functionalization to give the final products.
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Das S, Li Y, Lu LQ, Junge K, Beller M. A General and Selective Rhodium-Catalyzed Reduction of Amides,N-Acyl Amino Esters, and Dipeptides Using Phenylsilane. Chemistry 2016; 22:7050-3. [PMID: 26991132 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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73
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Yuan ZG, Wang Q, Zheng A, Zhang K, Lu LQ, Tang Z, Xiao WJ. Visible light-photocatalysed carbazole synthesis via a formal (4+2) cycloaddition of indole-derived bromides and alkynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:5128-31. [PMID: 26987917 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc10542k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We successfully developed an unprecedented route to carbazole synthesis through a visible light-photocatalysed formal (4+2) cycloaddition of indole-derived bromides and alkynes. This novel protocol features extremely mild conditions, a broad substrate scope and high reaction efficiency.
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Li TR, Cheng BY, Fan SQ, Wang YN, Lu LQ, Xiao WJ. Highly Stereoselective [3+2] Cycloadditions of Chiral Palladium-ContainingN1-1,3-Dipoles: A Divergent Approach to Enantioenriched Spirooxindoles. Chemistry 2016; 22:6243-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lu LQ, Fang T, Zhou D, Tong XX, Wu J, Yi L. [Efficiency of integrin αvβ3 inhibitor Cilengitide in acute cerebral ischemia in rats]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2016; 96:559-64. [PMID: 26902199 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of the integrin αvβ3 inhibitor Cilengitide on the blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability, brain edema, neuronal cell apoptosis and the relation with the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)expression in acute cerebral ischemia rats. METHODS A rat focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion, in accordance with the random number table, were divided into four groups: (1) the rats in Cilengitide group A (n=30) were treated with Cilengitide at a dose of 100 μg/kg; (2) the rats in Cilengitide group B (n=28) were treated with Cilengitide at a dose of 200 μg/kg; (3) the rats in sham group (n=31), without inserting thread into middle cerebral artery, were treated with normal saline; (4) the rats in control group (n=27) were treated with normal saline.All rats were treated with Cilengitide or saline 1 hour after infarction, given reperfusion 2 hours after infarction and were sacrificed 22 hours after reperfusion.The brain-water content was measured by dry/wet weight method. The permeability of BBB was measured by quantifying Evans Blue. The infarction volume was measured by 2, 3, 5-tripheyl tetrazolium Chloride (TTC) staining. Expression level of VEGF, P-Flk, Cleaved-Caspase-3 was measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, respectively.The neuronal cell apoptosis was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferased UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). RESULTS Compared with Control group, treatment groups with cilengitide at the dose of 100 μg/kg and 200 μg/kg reduced brain-water content [(80.8±1.1)% vs (84.8±1.4)%, (81.0±1.4)% vs (84.8±1.4)%, P<0.05], reduced exudation of Evans blue[(9.2±1.1) μg/g vs (12.2±0.8) μg/g, (8.6±0.6) μg/g vs (12.2±0.8) g/g, P<0.05], reduced infarction volume[(31.9±4.9) mm(3) vs(43.0±2.2) mm(3), (29.2±3.5) mm(3) vs(43.0±2.2) mm(3), P<0.05] , reduced neuronal cell apoptosis [(36±4)vs(69±6)、(35±3)vs (69±6), P<0.05]. Compared with sham group, Cilengitide group A and Cilengitide group B had lower brain-water content, permeability of BBB, infarction volume, expression level of VEGF, P-Flk, Cleaved-Caspase-3 and neuronal cell apoptosis (P<0.05). When Cilengitide group A was compared with Cilengitide group B, there were no significant differences in brain-water content, permeability of BBB, infarction volume, expression level of VEGF, P-Flk, Cleaved-Caspase-3 and neuronal cell apoptosis (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The integrin αvβ3 inhibitor Cilengitide improves outcomes in the MCAO model by preserving the blood-brain barrier, attenuating brain edema and inhibiting neuronal cell apoptosis, which may occur in a VEGF-and VEGF-receptor-dependent manner, with the same efficacy between Cilengitide 100 μg/kg and 200 μg/kg after 23 hours treatment.
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