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Lefort A, Dromer F, Tamion F, Favennec L, Bouges-Michel C, Lecompte T, Biava M. E-07 4 endocardites à Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum en France métropolitaine. Med Mal Infect 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0399-077x(08)73109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Fily F, Lachkar S, Caron F, Favennec L, Thiberville L. H-01 Colonisation et infection à Pneumocystis jirovecii en dehors de l’infection à VIH. Med Mal Infect 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0399-077x(08)73128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lefort A, Dromer F, Tamion F, Favennec L, Bouges-Michel C, Lecompte T, Biava MF, Moalic E, Renault A, Lortholary O. Endocardites à Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum en France métropolitaine. Rev Med Interne 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2008.03.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lachkar S, Abboud P, Gargala G, Etienne M, Gauliard E, Tron C, Favennec L, Gueit I, Caron F, Dupouy-Camet J. [Troponin dosage in a patient with asymptomatic myocarditis due to trichinellosis]. Rev Med Interne 2007; 29:246-8. [PMID: 17980464 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2007.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Revised: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human trichinellosis is a potentially severe parasitic disease occurring after ingestion of undercooked meat infected with Trichinella sp. larvae. We report the case of a patient who ate an undercooked bear meat hunted in Canada; he presented with the usual symptoms of trichinellosis (i.e, facial oedema, myalgias and fever) complicated with an asymptomatic myocarditis. Myocarditis is a rare, but potentially lethal complication of trichinellosis. Myocarditis should be screened systematically even when specific symptoms are missing; dosage of troponin serum is a simple and reliable mean for such screening.
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Vasseneix C, Gargala G, Francois A, Hellot M, Duclos C, Muraine M, Benichou J, Ballet J, Brasseur G, Favennec L. A keratitis rat model for evaluation of anti-Acanthamoeba polyphagia agents. Am J Ophthalmol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2006.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Marie I, Fevre C, Favennec L, Courville P, Bernet J, Levesque H. Leishmaniose cutanée au cours d'une polymyosite. Rev Med Interne 2006; 27:566-8. [PMID: 16644068 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2006.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2005] [Accepted: 02/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis is increasing, especially in immunocompromized subjects. CASE RECORD We report a case of particular interest, where a patient with steroid refractory polymyositis developed cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clinical outcome was favorable after institution of intralesional antimony therapy. DISCUSSION Cutaneous leishmaniasis is still recognized to be an opportunistic infection. Its frequency is indeed higher in immunocompromized subjects, mainly HIV-infected patients. In our patient, both polymyositis and steroid therapy were predisposing factors of cutaneous leishmaniasis onset; prednisone therapy has been postulated to be associated with immune dysfunction leading to: reduced blood T cells' levels (CD4 et CD8) as well as decreased cytokine synthesis (e.g. interferon gamma).
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Marion R, Baishanbo A, Gargala G, François A, Ducrotté P, Duclos C, Fioramonti J, Ballet JJ, Favennec L. Transient neonatal Cryptosporidium parvum infection triggers long-term jejunal hypersensitivity to distension in immunocompetent rats. Infect Immun 2006; 74:4387-9. [PMID: 16790818 PMCID: PMC1489692 DOI: 10.1128/iai.02055-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2005] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In 5-day-old immunocompetent Sprague-Dawley rats infected with either 10(2) or 10(5) Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, transient infection resulted 120 days later in increased cardiovascular depressor response to jejunal distension and jejunal myeloperoxidase activity (P < 0.05). Nitazoxanide treatment normalized jejunal sensitivity (P < 0.001) but not myeloperoxidase levels (P > 0.05). Data warrant further evaluation of the role of early cryptosporidiosis in the development of chronic inflammatory gut conditions.
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Vasseneix C, Gargala G, François A, Hellot MF, Duclos C, Muraine M, Benichou J, Ballet JJ, Brasseur G, Favennec L. A Keratitis Rat Model for Evaluation of Anti-Acanthamoeba Polyphaga Agents. Cornea 2006; 25:597-602. [PMID: 16783150 DOI: 10.1097/01.ico.0000214213.37447.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a rat model of chronic Acanthamoeba polyphaga keratitis suitable for pharmacologic assessment of therapeutic agents. METHODS An A. polyphaga isolate (ATCC #50495) was grown in peptone-yeast extract-glucose medium. Five-weeks-old, Sprague-Dawley male rats were injected with 10(3) or 10(4) trophozoites in the left cornea stromal layer. A subconjunctival injection of 0.14, 0.28, or 0.57 mg long-acting betamethasone was performed weekly. At the end of experiments, rats were killed; the superficial corneal epithelium gently scraped and cultured; and globes histologically examined. Topical polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), hexamidine diisethionate, and miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine) were administered topically as eye drops 3 times a day at concentrations of 0.02%, 0.1%, and 0.01% respectively. In vitro minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and fractional inhibitory concentration values were measured in A. polyphaga cultures. RESULTS In infected eyes, lesions consisted of the sequential appearance within 2 weeks of edema, infiltrates, and/or abscesses. On day 35 postinfection, a combination of 10(4) parasites with a regimen of 0.28 mg/week betamethasone resulted in the highest ratio of rats with abscesses. Presence of A. polyphaga was confirmed histologically and inconsistently in cultures. In rats optimally prepared as said earlier, agents were administered on day 6 postinfection. A combination of PHMB and hexamidine diisethionate exerted a synergistic effect and was more effective than PHMB, hexamidine diisethionate, or miltefosine alone. In vitro, PHMB (MIC = 14.6 microM) and hexamidine diisethionate (MIC = 555 microM) exerted a synergistic effect (fractional inhibitory concentration = 0.06), and miltefosine exhibited antiamoebal activity (MIC = 27.4 microM). CONCLUSIONS In this study, a rat model of chronic A. polyphaga keratitis was obtained and found suitable for assessment of pharmacologic agents. It provides an in vivo approach of drug resistance, pathogenicity, and physiopathologic mechanisms of chronic amoebic keratitis.
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Vasseneix C, Bodaghi B, Muraine M, Favennec L, Brasseur G. Intérêt des prélèvements intraoculaires dans le diagnostic étiologique des uvéites présumées infectieuses. J Fr Ophtalmol 2006; 29:398-403. [PMID: 16885806 DOI: 10.1016/s0181-5512(06)77698-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the etiologic distribution of patients with presumed infectious uveitis who underwent ocular fluid analysis. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed vitreous and or aqueous humor samples of patients with presumed infectious uveitis, referred to the department of Ophthalmology of the University Hospital of Rouen, France, between January 1997 and June 2004. We excluded patients with postsurgical or endogenous endophthalmitis. We noted clinical features and intraocular sample analysis methods for each pathogen. RESULTS The study included 42 patients, 24 men and 18 women, aged between 6 and 79 years (mean, 39.5 years). Uveitis was unilateral in 88% of cases and bilateral in 12%. Posterior uveitis was predominant (52%), followed by panuveitis (24%), anterior (14%), and intermediate uveitis (10%). Aqueous humor and vitreous analysis confirmed etiological diagnosis for 13 of 41 patients (31%) and three of six cases (50%), respectively. Inflammation was controlled or stabilized in all cases. The most pejorative visual outcome was observed for candidiasis and viral retinitis. Positivity of intraocular samples was variable, depending on the suspected pathogen, with results similar to those reported in other studies. DISCUSSION Atypical features in potential infectious uveitis justify ocular paracentesis or vitrectomy, which are more efficient since molecular biological tools have become available. Sensitivity of aqueous humor analysis is high for posterior uveitis and suspicion of viral retinitis. New molecular variants applied to ocular samples will improve the etiological diagnosis of infectious uveitis, particularly for pathogens that are difficult to culture, such as fungi and bacteria.
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Gargala G, Baishanbo A, Favennec L, François A, Ballet JJ, Rossignol JF. Inhibitory activities of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase-targeted dihydroxyisoflavone and trihydroxydeoxybenzoin derivatives on Sarcocystis neurona, Neospora caninum, and Cryptosporidium parvum development. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 49:4628-34. [PMID: 16251305 PMCID: PMC1280144 DOI: 10.1128/aac.49.11.4628-4634.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several gene sequences of parasitic protozoa belonging to protein kinase gene families and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptides, which act via binding to receptor tyrosine kinases of the EGF receptor (EGFR) family, appear to mediate host-protozoan interactions. As a clue to EGFR protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) mediation and a novel approach for identifying anticoccidial agents, activities against Sarcocystis neurona, Neospora caninum, and Cryptosporidium parvum grown in BM and HCT-8 cell cultures of 52 EGFR PTK inhibitor isoflavone analogs (dihydroxyisoflavone and trihydroxydeoxybenzoine derivatives) were investigated. Their cytotoxicities against host cells were either absent, mild, or moderate by a nitroblue tetrazolium test. At concentrations ranging from 5 to 10 microg/ml, 20 and 5 analogs, including RM-6427 and RM-6428, exhibited an in vitro inhibitory effect of > or = 95% against at least one parasite or against all three, respectively. In immunosuppressed Cryptosporidium parvum-infected Mongolian gerbils orally treated with either 200 or 400 mg of agent RM-6427/kg of body weight/day for 8 days, fecal microscopic oocyst shedding was abolished in 6/10 animals (P of <0.001 versus untreated controls) and mean shedding was reduced by 90.5% (P of <0.0001) and 92.0% (P of <0.0001), respectively, higher levels of inhibition than after nitazoxanide (200 mg/kg/day for 8 days) or paromomycin (100 mg/kg/day for 8 days) treatment (55.0%, P of <0.001, and 17.5%, P of >0.05, respectively). After RM-6427 therapy (200 mg/kg/day for 8 days), the reduction in the ratio of animals with intracellular parasites was nearly significant in ileum (P = 0.067) and more marked in the biliary tract (P < 0.0013) than after nitazoxanide or paromomycin treatment (0.05 < P < 0.004). RM-6428 treatment at a regimen of 400 mg/kg/day for 12 days inhibited oocyst shedding, measured using flow cytometry from day 4 (P < 0.05) to day 12 (P < 0.02) of therapy, when 2/15 animals had no shedding (P < 0.0001) and 11/15 were free of gut and/or biliary tract parasites (P < 0.01). No mucosal alteration was microscopically observed for treated or untreated infected gerbils. To our knowledge, this report is the first to suggest that the isoflavone class of agents has the potential for anticoccidial therapy.
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Pramil S, Dominique S, Favennec L, Thiberville L. Portage et infections pulmonaires fongiques des adultes atteints de mucoviscidose. Rev Mal Respir 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0761-8425(06)72238-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Baishanbo A, Gargala G, Duclos C, François A, Rossignol JF, Ballet JJ, Favennec L. Efficacy of nitazoxanide and paromomycin in biliary tract cryptosporidiosis in an immunosuppressed gerbil model. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005; 57:353-5. [PMID: 16361328 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dki456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of nitazoxanide and paromomycin in biliary tract cryptosporidiosis in an immunosuppressed Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) model. METHODS Gerbils (1-month-old) were dexamethasone-immunosuppressed for 10 days and challenged orally with 10(5) Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. From day 0 to day 12 post-infection, one group (n=14) was treated with 200 mg/kg/day nitazoxanide and another (n=15) with 100 mg/kg/day paromomycin. Infection and efficacy of nitazoxanide and paromomycin were assessed by measuring oocyst shedding in faeces, biliary tract and ileum histological examination. RESULTS In nitazoxanide-treated and paromomycin-treated groups as compared with untreated animals (P<0.05), oocyst shedding was partially suppressed in a similar manner (P>0.05). Parasites were present in histological sections of the ileal mucosa of 16/16 infected untreated animals versus 3/14 and 6/15 in the nitazoxanide-treated and the paromomycin-treated groups, respectively (P<0.05). In addition, gall bladder infection was less frequent in nitazoxanide-treated (2/14, P<0.01) and paromomycin-treated (5/15, P=0.07) animals than in untreated controls (9/16). No histological alteration of biliary mucosa was observed in both treated and untreated infected gerbils. CONCLUSIONS Present data support the efficacy of nitazoxanide and, to a lesser extent, paromomycin on biliary C. parvum infection in gerbils, and prompt further investigation of the potential clinical benefits of nitazoxanide in treating human biliary cryptosporidiosis.
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Balguerie X, Pletrini P, Macario-Barrel A, Soubrane J, Young P, Carvalho-Lallemend P, Payenneville J, Favennec L, Joly P. Analyse des dermatophytes responsables de kérions du cuir chevelu : étude rétrospective de 16 patients. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(05)79583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Baishanbo A, Gargala G, Delaunay A, François A, Ballet JJ, Favennec L. Infectivity of Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum genotype 2 isolates in immunosuppressed Mongolian gerbils. Infect Immun 2005; 73:5252-5. [PMID: 16041051 PMCID: PMC1201256 DOI: 10.1128/iai.73.8.5252-5255.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One-month-old dexamethasone-immunosuppressed Mongolian gerbils were challenged with 1 oocyst to 2 x 10(5) oocysts from two isolates genotyped as Cryptosporidium hominis and C. parvum (genotype 2), respectively. A similar dose-dependent gut infection was obtained, and the initial genotype maintained for 21 to 22 days. The data suggest that immunosuppressed gerbils provide a reliable rodent model of persistent C. hominis infection.
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Favennec L, Magne D, Gobert JG. Cytopathogenic effect of Giardia intestinalis, in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 7:141. [PMID: 15463473 DOI: 10.1016/0169-4758(91)90278-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Vasseneix C, Bodaghi B, Muraine M, Favennec L, Brasseur G. 291 Intérêt des prélèvements intra-oculaires dans le diagnostic étiologique des uvéites présumées infectieuses. J Fr Ophtalmol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0181-5512(05)74688-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Delaunay A, Baishanbo A, Favennec L, Gargala G. [Cryptosporidium oocyst viability and infectivity evaluation by flow cytometry]. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2004; 62:310-5. [PMID: 15314578 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4509(04)94319-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Evaluating waterborne Cryptosporidium sp. oocyst infectivity is presently a major Issue for the estimation of environmental risks. The aim of this presentation, was to describe a new model suitable for determining in vivo oocyst infectivity. In this model, infection was assessed in suckling mice seven days after oocyst ingestion by measuring the number of gut oocysts using flow cytometry. Four days old mice were orally infected by serially diluted C. parvum oocyst suspensions. This model was found highly sensitive since ingestion of 1-10 oocysts resulted in infection in 70% of animals. Assays with Cryptosporidium oocysts from the environment suggest that this model may contribute to the evaluation of environmental risks due to the parasite.
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Benhamou Y, Mechai F, Pestel-Caron M, Favennec L, Gueit I, Abboud P, Caron F. D-23 Co-infection à Pneumocystis carinii et Legionella pneumophila: À propos de 2 cas traités par cotrimoxazole. Med Mal Infect 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0399-077x(04)90181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Marion R, Coëffier M, Leplingard A, Favennec L, Ducrotté P, Déchelotte P. Cytokine-stimulated nitric oxide production and inducible NO-synthase mRNA level in human intestinal cells: lack of modulation by glutamine. Clin Nutr 2003; 22:523-8. [PMID: 14613753 DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(03)00054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Excess NO production has been reported during intestinal inflammation. Modulation of the inflammatory response with nutrients in critically ill patients has gained increasing interest. Glutamine has beneficial effects on gut mucosa but its effects on human intestinal NO production during an inflammatory response are not known. METHODS Caco-2/TC7 and HCT-8 cells were stimulated with a cytokine mixture (IL-1 beta, TNF alpha, IFN gamma) and duodenal biopsies from human healthy volunteers in organ culture were stimulated with IL-1 beta. All cultures were performed in the presence of 2-10 mmol/l glutamine. NO release in culture supernatant and iNOS mRNA level in cultured cells or biopsies were assessed by nitrate reduction and Griess assay and RT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS In Caco-2, HCT-8 cells and duodenal biopsies, cytokine stimulation increased iNOS mRNA level 1.2-fold (ns), 3.8-fold (P=0.02), 4.7-fold (P=0.03) and NO production 1.4-fold (ns), 9.1 (P=0.01) and 1.7-fold (P=0.01), respectively. Increasing glutamine concentration had no significant effect on NO production and iNOS mRNA in any type of culture, stimulated or not by cytokines. In various models of human intestinal cells, glutamine does not further increase NO production induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Vignoles P, Favennec L, Rondelaud D, Dreyfuss G. The experimental production of Fasciola hepatica metacercariae from three aquatic populations of Galba truncatula. J Helminthol 2003; 77:275-7. [PMID: 12895288 DOI: 10.1079/joh2003177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory investigations on three aquatic populations of Galba truncatula, originating from the Peruvian Altiplano and French Massif Central, were carried out during three successive snail generations to determine if these populations might be successfully used for the metacercarial production of Fasciola hepatica under experimental conditions. High numbers of surviving snails at day 30 post-exposure (>70%), high prevalences of F. hepatica infections (>60%), and prolonged productions of cercariae for a mean period of 35 to 47 days were observed in the three populations, whatever the snail generation. In the Peruvian population, metacercariae of F. hepatica significantly decreased in numbers from a mean of 251 in the parent snails to 124 per snail in the F2 generation, whereas no significant variation was observed in the two French populations. As these aquatic snails rarely emerged out of water, the use of these populations for the commercial production of F. hepatica metacercariae was of great interest, because the daily time spent watching the breeding boxes of snails was clearly shorter, thereby reducing the cost of producing metacercariae compared with using amphibious snails reared with romaine lettuce.
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Li X, Brasseur P, Agnamey P, Leméteil D, Favennec L, Ballet JJ, Rossignol JF. Long-lasting anticryptosporidial activity of nitazoxanide in an immunosuppressed rat model. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2003; 50:19-22. [PMID: 12735719 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2003.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum, Tyzzer, 1912 is identified as a common cause of diarrhoea in immunocompetent individuals. In immunocompromised, especially HIV-infected subjects, cryptosporidiosis causes severe chronic diarrhoea. In this study, nitazoxanide (NTZ) was compared for curative activity with sinefungin (SNF) and paromomycin (PRM) in immunosuppressed rats, a screening model for anticryptosporidial agents. NTZ at either 50 mg/kg/day, 100 mg/kg/day or 200 mg/kg/day resulted in seven days in a dose-dependent inhibition of oocyst shedding similar to that obtained with SNF (10 mg/kg/day) and PRM (100 mg/kg/day). Further discontinuation of SNF or PRM 100 mg/kg/day therapy resulted in early relapse of oocyst shedding which reached the pre-treatment levels in 2-4 days. In contrast, seven days after discontinuation of therapy, shedding inhibition was unchanged in NTZ-treated rats. Data prompt further assessment of the activity of NTZ on sequestered C. parvum.
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Favennec L, Jave Ortiz J, Gargala G, Lopez Chegne N, Ayoub A, Rossignol JF. Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of nitazoxanide in the treatment of fascioliasis in adults and children from northern Peru. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003; 17:265-70. [PMID: 12534412 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01419.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human fascioliasis is a significant world-wide health problem, and massive or repeated infections by Fasciola hepatica can lead to considerable morbidity. AIM : To evaluate the safety and efficacy of nitazoxanide, when compared with placebo, in the treatment of fascioliasis in adults and children from northern Peru. METHODS A double-blind, placebo-controlled study was carried out in 50 adults and 50 children infected with F. hepatica. The diagnosis of infection was based on the presence of F. hepatica eggs in one stool sample obtained before inclusion in the study. Patients were randomized to receive treatment with either a 7-day course of nitazoxanide (100 mg b.d., age range 2-3 years; 200 mg b.d., age range 4-11 years; 500 mg b.d., age > 12 years) or matching placebo. Three post-treatment stool examinations were carried out between 30 and 90 days after initiation of treatment. RESULTS The parasite was eliminated in 18 of 30 (60%) adults completing the study who received nitazoxanide vs. one of eight adults in the placebo group (P = 0.042), and similarly in 14 of 35 (40%) children completing the treatment vs. none of eight in the placebo group (P = 0.038). Only mild, transient adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS A 7-day course of nitazoxanide was effective in adults and children in the treatment of F. hepatica, when compared with placebo.
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Vignoles P, Favennec L, Dreyfuss G, Rondelaud D. Highland populations of Lymnaea truncatula infected with Fasciola hepatica survive longer under experimental conditions than lowland ones. Parasitol Res 2002; 88:386-8. [PMID: 11999030 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-001-0542-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A retrospective study was carried out on the experimental infections of Lymnaea truncatula with Fasciola hepatica performed over the last 20 years to determine if the populations of snails living in highland or lowland countries had the same ability to sustain trematode larval development. The six highland populations originated from the Peruvian Altiplano (altitude 2,800 m), the French Alps (2,300 m), and the Massif Central (900-1,400 m), whereas the 13 lowland populations came from different sites located in central France (90-250 m). Bimiracidial infections of 4-mm-high snails were performed to study cercarial shedding and to quantify their redial burden. Compared to lowland populations, snail survival at day 30 post-exposure was significantly higher in the highland L. truncatula (57-75% compared to 31-45%) and their lifespan was greater (a mean of 87-96 days for cercaria-shedding snails compared to 64-77 days). The prevalences of F. hepatica infections, the numbers of free rediae within snail bodies, and the numbers of cercariae did not show any significant differences between highland and lowland snails although the numbers of cercariae were clearly higher in the Peruvian and three French highland populations of L. truncatula. The long survival times of highland snails under laboratory conditions might be an adaptation of these L. truncatula to the more extreme highland climate. The better ability of highland snails to sustain parasite larval development suggests that they would be better intermediate hosts in the life cycle of F. hepatica than lowland populations.
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Courville P, Favennec L, Viacroze C, Barrel A, Young P, Abboud P, Thomine E, Metayer J, Nouvet G. Co-existent cutaneous cryptococcosis of the forearm and cutaneous alternariosis of the leg in patient with metastatic thymoma. J Cutan Pathol 2002; 29:55-8. [PMID: 11841520 DOI: 10.1046/j.0303-6987.2001.00035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptococcosis and alternariosis are rare opportunistic infections often observed in immunocompromised patients. Because Cryptococcus and Alternaria are ubiquitous fungi found in soil, the presence of fungi in the dermis has to be observed on histological examination to confirm a real cutaneous, invasive, infection. PATIENT We report the first case of concomitant cutaneous cryptococcosis and cutaneous alternariosis, in an immunocompromised patient treated for a metastatic thymoma. CONCLUSION This observation underlines the fact that the possible co-existence of several rare infections in immunocompromised patients should take into consideration pathogen identification in order to adapt the therapy to individual patient requirements.
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Ortiz JJ, Ayoub A, Gargala G, Chegne NL, Favennec L. Randomized clinical study of nitazoxanide compared to metronidazole in the treatment of symptomatic giardiasis in children from Northern Peru. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001; 15:1409-15. [PMID: 11552913 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.01066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteric infection by Giardia intestinalis is a common cause of diarrhoea world-wide and a significant cause of morbidity in children. AIM To compare the efficacy and safety of nitazoxanide and metronidazole in the treatment of diarrhoea caused by G. intestinalis in children. METHODS A total of 110 children presenting with diarrhoea caused by G. intestinalis were randomized to treatment with either a 3-day course of nitazoxanide (100 mg b.d., age range 2-3 years; 200 mg b.d., age range 4-11 years) or a 5-day course of metronidazole (125 mg b.d., age range 2-5 years; 250 mg b.d., age range 6-11 years). The patients were followed-up for a determination of clinical response 7 days after the initiation of treatment, and two subsequent stool samples were collected for parasitological examination. RESULTS Diarrhoea had resolved in 47 children out of 55 (85%) in the nitazoxanide treatment group before the day 7 follow-up visit, compared to 44 out of 55 (80%) for metronidazole. Diarrhoea resolved within 4 days in most cases. Only mild, transient adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS A 3-day course of nitazoxanide suspension is as efficacious as a standard 5-day course of metronidazole suspension in treating giardiasis in children.
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