51
|
Shah AA, Worni M, Onaitis MW, Balderson SS, Harpole DH, D'Amico TA, Berry MF. Thoracoscopic left upper lobectomy in patients with internal mammary artery coronary bypass grafts. Ann Thorac Surg 2014; 98:1207-12. [PMID: 25110335 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined outcomes of a technique for performing thoracoscopic left upper lobectomy (LUL) in patients with a previous left internal mammary artery (LIMA) coronary artery bypass graft, where a small wedge of lung parenchyma adjacent to the graft is left to avoid injury. METHODS All patients undergoing thoracoscopic LUL from 1999 to 2010 at a single institution were reviewed. Perioperative morbidity, cancer recurrence, and long-term survival were compared between patients who had (LIMA group) or did not have (control group) a previous LIMA graft. RESULTS During the study period, 290 patients underwent thoracoscopic LUL; 14 (5%) had previous LIMA grafts. There was no perioperative mortality in the LIMA group versus 4 (1%) in the control group (p = 0.65). One patient (7%) in the LIMA group required conversion to thoracotomy, which was similar to the control group (n = 16, 6%; p = 0.83). Overall perioperative morbidity was also not different between the groups (LIMA 36% [5 of 14] versus control 29% [81 of 276], p = 0.61). No patient in the LIMA group had perioperative cardiac ischemia. For patients with lung cancer, 5-year survival (LIMA 50% vs control 63%, p = 0.23) and cancer recurrence rates (LIMA 27% (3 of 11) versus control 15% (36 of 242), p = 0.27) were not different between the groups. Only 1 LIMA recurrence was local, and it was not related to the parenchyma left on the LIMA graft. CONCLUSIONS Thoracoscopic LUL can be performed safely in patients with LIMA bypass grafts. Leaving lung parenchyma on the graft may prevent injury and does not compromise oncologic outcomes in appropriately selected patients.
Collapse
|
52
|
Berry MF, D'Amico TA, Onaitis MW. Use of amiodarone after major lung resection. Ann Thorac Surg 2014; 98:1199-206. [PMID: 25106684 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the association of respiratory complications and amiodarone use in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) after major lung resection. METHODS Outcomes of patients who had postoperative AF treated with or without amiodarone after lobectomy, bilobectomy, or pneumonectomy at a single institution between 2003 and 2010 were evaluated using multivariable logistic modeling. RESULTS Of 1,412 patients who underwent lobectomy, bilobectomy, or pneumonectomy, AF occurred in 232 (16%). Atrial fibrillation developed after a respiratory complication in 31 patients, who were excluded from subsequent analysis. The remaining 201 patients who had AF without an antecedent respiratory complication had similar mortality (3.0% [6 of 201] vs 2.5% [30 of 1,180], p = 0.6) and respiratory morbidity (10% [20 of 201] vs 9% [101 of 1,180], p = 0.5) but longer hospital stays (5 [4 to 7] vs 4 days [3 to 6], p < 0.0001) compared with the 1,180 patients who did not have AF. Amiodarone was used in 101 (50%) of these 201 patients, including 5 patients who had a pneumonectomy. Age, pulmonary function, and operative resection were similar between the patients treated with and without amiodarone. Amiodarone use was not associated with a significant difference in the incidence of subsequent respiratory complications (12% [12 of 101 amiodarone patients] vs 8% [8 of 100 non-amiodarone patients], p = 0.5). CONCLUSIONS Atrial fibrillation that occurs without an antecedent respiratory complication in patients after major lung resection results in longer hospital stay but not increased mortality or respiratory morbidity. Using amiodarone to treat atrial fibrillation after major lung resection is not associated with an increased incidence of respiratory complications.
Collapse
|
53
|
Boffa DJ, Dhamija A, Kosinski AS, Kim AW, Detterbeck FC, Mitchell JD, Onaitis MW, Paul S. Fewer complications result from a video-assisted approach to anatomic resection of clinical stage I lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 148:637-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
54
|
Speicher PJ, Englum BR, Ganapathi AM, Onaitis MW, D'Amico TA, Berry MF. Outcomes after treatment of 17,378 patients with locally advanced (T3N0-2) non-small-cell lung cancer. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 47:636-41. [PMID: 25005840 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezu270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Treatment patterns and outcomes in a population-based database were examined to identify patients likely to benefit from surgical resection of locally advanced (T3N0-2) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Factors predicting the use of surgery for patients with T3N0-2M0 NSCLC in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from 1988 to 2010 were assessed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Survival was analysed using the Kaplan-Meier approach and Cox proportional hazard models. Propensity matching was used to compare outcomes after surgery and outcomes in patients who refused surgery and underwent radiation therapy (RT). RESULTS Of 17 378 patients identified for study inclusion [8597 (50%) T3N0, 2304 (13%) T3N1 and 6477 (37%) T3N2], surgery was used in 7120 (41%). Only female sex and being married predicted the use of surgery, while older age, black race and N2 nodal disease predicted non-surgical management. Surgical patients overall had better long-term survival than non-surgical patients [odds ratio (OR) 0.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.41-0.45, P < 0.001]. After propensity adjustment, patients who refused surgery and instead were treated with RT had significantly worse long-term survival than matched surgery patients (OR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.48-0.89, P = 0.0074). Sublobar resection and pneumonectomy predicted worse survival in patients who had surgery. Nodal disease also predicted worse survival after surgery, but surgery maintained an association with better overall survival compared with non-operative therapy among patients with both N1 (OR 0.53, P < 0.001) and N2 disease (OR 0.50, P < 0.001) in separate analyses stratified by nodal status. Older age also predicted worse survival after surgery, but patients older than 75 who were treated with surgery had significantly better long-term survival than non-operative patients (OR 0.49, 95% CI: 0.45-0.53, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Surgery is used in a minority of patients with locally advanced NSCLC, but is associated with better survival than non-surgical treatment, even for patients older than 75 and patients with nodal disease. Given the very poor outcomes observed with non-operative management, surgical resection should be carefully considered in all patients with locally advanced NSCLC and should not necessarily be denied because of patient age or nodal disease.
Collapse
|
55
|
Burt BM, Kosinski AS, Shrager JB, Onaitis MW, Weigel T. Thoracoscopic lobectomy is associated with acceptable morbidity and mortality in patients with predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 second or diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide less than 40% of normal. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 148:19-28, dicussion 28-29.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
56
|
Abstract
Robotic master-slave devices can assist surgeons to perform minimally invasive esophageal operations with approaches that have already been demonstrated using laparoscopy and thoracoscopy. Robotic-assisted surgery for benign esophageal disease is described for the treatment of achalasia, epiphrenic diverticula, refractory reflux, paraesophageal hernias, duplication cysts, and benign esophageal masses, such as leiomyomas. Indications and contraindications for robotic surgery in benign esophageal disease should closely approximate the indications for laparoscopic and thoracoscopic procedures. Given the early application of the technology and paucity of clinical evidence, there are currently no procedures for which robotic esophageal surgery is the clinically proven preferred approach.
Collapse
|
57
|
Mallipeddi MK, Eltaraboulsi WR, Shoffner AR, Naqvi IA, D'Amico TA, Onaitis MW, Berry MF. When should surgeons begin surveillance with CT scans after lobectomy for stage 1A non-small cell lung cancer? J Clin Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.7549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
58
|
Speicher PJ, Englum BR, Ganapathi AM, Onaitis MW, D'Amico TA, Berry MF. Association of adjuvant chemotherapy with improved survival after esophagectomy without induction therapy for node-positive adenocarinoma. J Clin Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.4077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
59
|
Tong BC, Kosinski AS, Burfeind WR, Onaitis MW, Berry MF, Harpole DH, D'Amico TA. Sex differences in early outcomes after lung cancer resection: analysis of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons General Thoracic Database. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 148:13-8. [PMID: 24726742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Women with lung cancer have superior long-term survival outcomes compared with men, independent of stage. The cause of this disparity is unknown. For patients undergoing lung cancer resection, these survival differences could be due, in part, to relatively better perioperative outcomes for women. This study was undertaken to determine differences in perioperative outcomes after lung cancer surgery on the basis of sex. METHODS The Society of Thoracic Surgeons' General Thoracic Database was queried for all patients undergoing resection of lung cancer between 2002 and 2010. Postoperative complications were analyzed with respect to sex. Univariable analysis was performed, followed by multivariable modeling to determine significant risk factors for postoperative morbidity and mortality. RESULTS A total of 34,188 patients (16,643 men and 17,545 women) were considered. Univariable analysis demonstrated statistically significant differences in postoperative complications favoring women in all categories of postoperative complications. Women also had lower in-hospital and 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.44-0.71; P < .001). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that several preoperative conditions independently predicted 30-day mortality: male sex, increasing age, lower diffusion capacity, renal insufficiency, preoperative radiation therapy, cancer stage, extent of resection, and thoracotomy as surgical approach. Coronary artery disease was an independent predictor of mortality in women but not in men. Thoracotomy as the surgical approach and preoperative radiation therapy were predictive of mortality for men but not for women. Postoperative prolonged air leak and empyema predicted mortality in men but not in women. CONCLUSIONS Women have lower postoperative morbidity and mortality after lung cancer surgery. Some risk factors are sex-specific with regard to mortality. Further study is warranted to determine the cause of these differences and to determine their effect on survival.
Collapse
|
60
|
Mallipeddi MK, Onaitis MW. The Contemporary Role of Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy in Esophageal Cancer. Curr Oncol Rep 2014; 16:374. [DOI: 10.1007/s11912-013-0374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
61
|
Haney JC, Hanna JM, Berry MF, Harpole DH, D'Amico TA, Tong BC, Onaitis MW. Differential prognostic significance of extralobar and intralobar nodal metastases in patients with surgically resected stage II non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 147:1164-8. [PMID: 24507984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the prognostic significance of extralobar nodal metastases versus intralobar nodal metastases in patients with lung cancer and pathologic stage N1 disease. METHODS A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained lung resection database identified 230 patients with pathologic stage II, N1 non-small cell lung cancer from 1997 to 2011. The surgical pathology reports were reviewed to identify the involved N1 stations. The outcome variables included recurrence and death. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the R statistical software package. RESULTS A total of 122 patients had extralobar nodal metastases (level 10 or 11); 108 patients were identified with intralobar nodal disease (levels 12-14). The median follow-up was 111 months. The baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. No significant differences were noted in the surgical approach, anatomic resections performed, or adjuvant therapy rates between the 2 groups. Overall, 80 patients developed recurrence during follow-up: 33 (30%) of 108 in the intralobar and 47 (38%) of 122 in the extralobar cohort. The median overall survival was 46.9 months for the intralobar cohort and 24.4 months for the extralobar cohort (P < .001). In a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model that included the presence of extralobar nodal disease, age, tumor size, tumor histologic type, and number of positive lymph nodes, extralobar nodal disease independently predicted both recurrence-free and overall survival (hazard ratio, 1.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.36-2.81; P = .001). CONCLUSIONS In patients who underwent surgical resection for stage II non-small cell lung cancer, the presence of extralobar nodal metastases at level 10 or 11 predicted significantly poorer outcomes than did nodal metastases at stations 12 to 14. This finding has prognostic importance and implications for adjuvant therapy and surveillance strategies for patients within the heterogeneous stage II (N1) category.
Collapse
|
62
|
Speicher PJ, Ganapathi AM, Englum BR, Onaitis MW, D'Amico TA, Berry MF. Survival in the elderly after pneumonectomy for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer: a comparison with nonoperative management. J Am Coll Surg 2013; 218:439-49. [PMID: 24559956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term outcomes of morbidity, mortality, and quality of life after pneumonectomy worsen with increasing age. The impact of age on long-term outcomes has not been well described. The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of patient age on long-term survival after pneumonectomy for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. STUDY DESIGN Overall survival (OS) of patients who had a pneumonectomy for stage I to II non-small cell lung cancer in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results program registry from 1988 through 2010 was evaluated using multivariable and propensity score adjusted Cox proportional hazard models. Age was stratified as younger than 50 years, 50 to 69 years, 70 to 79 years, and 80 years and older. Pneumonectomy patients' OS was compared with matched patients who refused surgery and underwent radiation therapy (RT). RESULTS Pneumonectomies comprised 10.8% of non-small cell lung cancer resections in 1988, but only 2.9% in 2010. Overall, 5-year OS of 5,701 pneumonectomy patients was 49.8% (95% CI, 45.3-54.8%) for patients younger than 50 years, 40.5% (95% CI, 38.8-42.2%) for patients 50 to 69 years, 28.9% (95% CI, 26.6-31.5%) for patients 70 to 79 years, and 18.8% (95% CI, 14.2-24.8%) for patients 80 and older (p < 0.001). Increasing patient age was the most important predictor of worse OS (hazard ratio = 1.34 per decade; p < 0.001). For patients younger than 70 years, 5-year OS was 46.3% (95% CI, 36.2-59.2%) after pneumonectomy vs 18.4% (95% CI, 11.9-28.3%) for matched RT patients (p < 0.001). In matched groups of patients 70 years and older, 5-year OS for pneumonectomy was 25.8% (95% CI, 20.8-32.0%) vs 12.2% for RT (95% CI, 8.6-17.4%; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Survival after pneumonectomy for stage I to II non-small cell lung cancer decreases steadily with patient age. The incremental benefit of pneumonectomy vs RT in matched patients is less in patients older than 70 years than in younger patients, although outcomes with pneumonectomy are superior to RT in all age groups. Patients should not be denied pneumonectomy based on age alone, but careful patient selection in elderly patients is essential to optimize survival.
Collapse
|
63
|
Berry MF, Worni M, Wang X, Harpole DH, D'Amico TA, Onaitis MW. Sleeve lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer with N1 nodal disease does not compromise survival. Ann Thorac Surg 2013; 97:230-5. [PMID: 24206972 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated if sleeve lobectomy had worse survival compared with pneumonectomy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with N1 disease, which may be a risk factor for locoregional recurrence. METHODS Patients who underwent pneumonectomy or sleeve lobectomy without induction treatment for T2-3 N1 M0 NSCLC at a single institution from 1999 to 2011 were reviewed. Survival distribution was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method, and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the effect of resection extent on survival. RESULTS During the study period, 87 patients underwent pneumonectomy (52 [60%]) or sleeve lobectomy (35 [40%]) for T2-3 N1 M0 NSCLC. Pneumonectomy and sleeve lobectomy patients had similar mean ages (60.9 ± 10.7 vs 63.5 ± 12.7 years, p = 0.30), gender distribution (69.2% [36 of 52] vs 60.0% [21 of 35] male, p = 0.37), mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second (66.3 ± 15.9 vs 63.5 ± 17.6, p = 0.47), stage (61.5% [32 of 52] vs 62.9% [22 of 35] stage II, p = 0.90), and tumor grade (51.9% [27 of 52] vs 31.4% [11 of 35] well/moderately differentiated, p = 0.17). Postoperative mortality (3.8% [2 of 52] vs 5.7% [2 of 35], p = 0.68) and median (interquartile range) length of stay (5 [4 to 7] vs 5 [4 to 7] days, p = 0.68) were similar between the two groups. The 3-year survival after pneumonectomy (46.8% [95% CI, 31.8% to 60.4%]) and sleeve lobectomy (65.2% [95% CI, 45.5% to 79.3%]) was not significantly different (p = 0.23). In multivariable survival analysis that included resection extent, age, stage, and grade, only increasing age predicted worse survival (hazard ratio, 1.03/year; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Performing sleeve lobectomy instead of pneumonectomy for NSCLC with N1 nodal disease does not compromise long-term survival.
Collapse
|
64
|
Shah AA, Worni M, Kelsey CR, Onaitis MW, D'Amico TA, Berry MF. Does pneumonectomy have a role in the treatment of stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer? Ann Thorac Surg 2013; 95:1700-7. [PMID: 23545195 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of surgical resection for stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unclear. We sought to examine outcomes after pneumonectomy for patients with stage IIIA disease. METHODS All patients with stage IIIA NSCLC who had pneumonectomy at a single institution between 1999 and 2010 were reviewed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate long-term survival and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify clinical characteristics associated with survival. RESULTS During the study period, 324 patients had surgical resection of stage IIIA NSCLC. Pneumonectomy was performed in 55 patients, 23 (42%) of whom had N2 disease. Induction treatment was used in 17 patients (31%) overall and in 11 of the patients (48%) with N2 disease. Perioperative mortality was 9% (n = 5) overall and 18% (n = 3) in patients that had received induction therapy (p = 0.17). Complications occurred in 32 patients (58%). Three-year survival was 36% and 5-year survival was 29% for all patients. Three-year survival was 40% for N0-1 patients and 29% for N2 patients (p = 0.59). In multivariable analysis, age over 60 years (hazard ratio [HR] 3.65, p = 0.001), renal insufficiency (HR 5.80, p = 0.007), and induction therapy (HR 2.17, p = 0.05) predicted worse survival, and adjuvant therapy (HR 0.35, p = 0.007) predicted improved survival. CONCLUSIONS Long-term survival after pneumonectomy for stage IIIA NSCLC is within an acceptable range, but pneumonectomy may not be appropriate after induction therapy or in patients with renal insufficiency. Patient selection and operative technique that limit perioperative morbidity and facilitate the use of adjuvant chemotherapy are critical to optimizing outcomes.
Collapse
|
65
|
Hanna JM, Onaitis MW. Cell of origin of lung cancer. J Carcinog 2013; 12:6. [PMID: 23599688 PMCID: PMC3622445 DOI: 10.4103/1477-3163.109033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, and current therapies are disappointing. Elucidation of the cell(s) of origin of lung cancer may lead to new therapeutics. In addition, the discovery of putative cancer-initiating cells with stem cell properties in solid tumors has emerged as an important area of cancer research that may explain the resistance of these tumors to currently available therapeutics. Progress in our understanding of normal tissue stem cells, tumor cell of origin, and cancer stem cells has been hampered by the heterogeneity of the disease, the lack of good in vivo transplantation models to assess stem cell behavior, and an overall incomplete understanding of the epithelial stem cell hierarchy. As such, a systematic computerized literature search of the MEDLINE database was used to identify articles discussing current knowledge about normal lung and lung cancer stem cells or progenitor cells. In this review, we discuss what is currently known about the role of cancer-initiating cells and normal stem cells in the development of lung tumors.
Collapse
|
66
|
Villamizar NR, Darrabie M, Hanna J, Onaitis MW, Tong BC, D'Amico TA, Berry MF. Impact of T status and N status on perioperative outcomes after thoracoscopic lobectomy for lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012. [PMID: 23177123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the effect of tumor size, location, and clinical nodal status on outcomes after thoracoscopic lobectomy for lung cancer. METHODS All patients who underwent attempted thoracoscopic lobectomy for lung cancer between June 1999 and October 2010 at a single institution were reviewed. A model for morbidity including published risk factors as well as tumor size, location, and clinical N status was developed by multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS During the study period, 916 thoracoscopic lobectomies met study criteria: 329 for peripheral, clinical N0 tumors ≤ 3 cm and 504 for tumors that were central, clinical node positive, or >3 cm. Tumor location could not be documented for 83 patients. Conversions to thoracotomy occurred in 36 patients (4%); patients with clinically node-positive disease had higher conversion rates (11 conversions in 153 clinical N1 to N3 patients [7.2%] vs 25 in 763 clinical N0 patients [3.3%, P = .03]. Overall operative mortality was 1.6% (14 patients) and morbidity was 32% (296 patients). Although patients with larger tumors (P = .006) and central tumors (P = .01) had increased complications by univariate analysis, tumor size >3 cm (P = .17) and central location (P = .5) did not predict significantly overall morbidity in multivariate analysis. Clinical node status did not predict increased complications by univariate or multivariate analysis. Significant predictors of morbidity in multivariable analysis were increasing age, decreasing forced expiratory volume in 1 second, prior chemotherapy, and congestive heart failure. CONCLUSIONS Thoracoscopic lobectomy for lung cancers that are central, clinically node positive, or >3 cm does not confer increased morbidity compared with peripheral, clinical N0 cancers that are <3 cm.
Collapse
|
67
|
Ceppa DP, Kosinski AS, Berry MF, Tong BC, Harpole DH, Mitchell JD, D'Amico TA, Onaitis MW. Thoracoscopic lobectomy has increasing benefit in patients with poor pulmonary function: a Society of Thoracic Surgeons Database analysis. Ann Surg 2012; 256:487-93. [PMID: 22868367 PMCID: PMC4089858 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0b013e318265819c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using a national database, we asked whether video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy is beneficial in high-risk pulmonary patients. BACKGROUND Single-institution series demonstrated benefit of VATS lobectomy over lobectomy via thoracotomy in poor pulmonary function patients [FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) or DLCO (diffusion capacity of the lung to carbon monoxide) <60% predicted]. METHODS The STS General Thoracic Database was queried for patients having undergone lobectomy by either thoracotomy or VATS between 2000 and 2010. Postoperative pulmonary complications included those defined by the STS database. RESULTS In the STS database, 12,970 patients underwent lobectomy (thoracotomy, n = 8439; VATS, n = 4531) and met inclusion criteria. The overall rate of pulmonary complications was 21.7% (1832/8439) and 17.8% (806/4531) in patients undergoing lobectomy with thoracotomy and VATS, respectively (P < 0.0001). In a multivariable model of pulmonary complications, thoracotomy approach (OR = 1.25, P < 0.001), decreasing FEV1% predicted (OR = 1.01 per unit, P < 0.001) and DLCO% predicted (OR = 1.01 per unit, P < 0.001), and increasing age (1.02 per year, P < 0.001) independently predicted pulmonary complications. When examining pulmonary complications in patients with FEV1 less than 60% predicted, thoracotomy patients have markedly increased pulmonary complications when compared with VATS patients (P = 0.023). No significant difference is noted with FEV1 more than 60% predicted. CONCLUSIONS Poor pulmonary function predicts respiratory complications regardless of approach. Respiratory complications increase at a significantly greater rate in lobectomy patients with poor pulmonary function after thoracotomy compared with VATS. Planned surgical approach should be considered while determining whether a high-risk patient is an appropriate resection candidate.
Collapse
|
68
|
Shah AA, Barfield ME, Kelsey CR, Onaitis MW, Tong B, Harpole D, D'Amico TA, Berry MF. Outcomes After Surgical Management of Synchronous Bilateral Primary Lung Cancers. Ann Thorac Surg 2012; 93:1055-60; discussion 1060. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
69
|
Berry MF, Onaitis MW, Tong BC, Balderson SS, Harpole DH, D'Amico TA. Feasibility of hybrid thoracoscopic lobectomy and en-bloc chest wall resection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011; 41:888-92. [PMID: 22219441 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezr150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lobectomy with an en-bloc chest wall resection is an effective but potentially morbid treatment of lung cancer invading the chest wall. Minimally invasive approaches to lobectomy have reduced morbidity compared with thoracotomy for early stage lung cancer, but there is insufficient evidence regarding the feasibility of hybrid thoracoscopic lobectomy chest wall resection. We reviewed our experience with an en-bloc chest wall resection and lobectomy to evaluate the outcomes of a hybrid approach using thoracoscopic lobectomy combined with the chest wall resection where rib spreading is avoided. METHODS All patients who underwent lobectomy and en-bloc chest wall resection with ribs for primary non-small cell lung cancer from January 2000 to July 2010 were reviewed. Starting in April 2003, a hybrid approach was introduced where thoracoscopic techniques were utilized to accomplish the pulmonary resection and a limited counter incision was used to perform the en-bloc resection of the chest wall, avoiding scapular mobilization and rib spreading. Preoperative, perioperative and outcome variables were assessed using the standard descriptive statistics. RESULTS During the study period, 105 patients underwent en-bloc lobectomy and chest wall resection, including 93 patients with resection via thoracotomy and 12 patients with resection via the hybrid thoracoscopic approach. Complete resection was achieved in all patients in both groups. Tumour size and the extent of resection were similar in the two groups. There were no conversions and no perioperative mortality in the hybrid group. Post-operative outcomes were similar, although patients who underwent the hybrid approach had a shorter length of stay (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS A hybrid approach that combines thoracoscopic lobectomy and chest wall resection is feasible and effective in selected patients. The use of a limited counter incision without rib spreading does not compromise oncologic efficacy. Further experience is needed to determine if this approach provides any advantage in outcomes, including post-operative morbidity.
Collapse
|
70
|
Higgins KA, Chino JP, Ready N, Onaitis MW, Berry MF, D’Amico TA, Kelsey CR. Persistent N2 disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for non–small-cell lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 142:1175-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2011.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
71
|
Ceppa DP, Welsby IJ, Wang TY, Onaitis MW, Tong BC, Harpole DH, D'Amico TA, Berry MF. Perioperative management of patients on clopidogrel (Plavix) undergoing major lung resection. Ann Thorac Surg 2011; 92:1971-6. [PMID: 21978871 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management of patients requiring antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel (Plavix) and major lung resection must balance the risks of bleeding and cardiovascular events. We reviewed our experience with patients treated with clopidogrel perioperatively to examine outcomes, including results of a new strategy for high-risk patients. METHODS Patients who underwent major lung resection and received perioperative clopidogrel between January 2005 and September 2010 were reviewed. Initially, clopidogrel management consisted of discontinuation approximately 5 days before surgery and resumption immediately after surgery. After July 2010, high-risk patients (drug-eluting coronary stent placement within prior year or previous coronary event after clopidogrel discontinuation) were admitted 2 to 3 days preoperatively and bridged with the intravenous glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor eptifibatide (Integrilin) according to a multidisciplinary cardiology/anesthesiology/thoracic surgery protocol. Outcomes were compared with control patients (matched for preoperative risk factors and extent of pulmonary resection) who did not receive perioperative clopidogrel. RESULTS Fifty-four patients who had major lung resection between January 2005 and September 2010 and received clopidogrel perioperatively were matched with 108 control subjects. Both groups had similar mortality, postoperative length of stay, and no differences in the rates of perioperative transfusions, reoperations for bleeding, myocardial infarctions, and strokes. Seven of the 54 clopidogrel patients were admitted preoperatively for an eptifibatide bridge. Two of these patients received perioperative transfusions, but there were no deaths, reoperations, myocardial infarctions, or stroke. CONCLUSIONS Patients taking clopidogrel can safely undergo major lung resection. Treatment with an eptifibatide bridge may minimize the risk of cardiovascular events in higher risk patients.
Collapse
|
72
|
Meltzer EB, Barry WT, D'Amico TA, Davis RD, Lin SS, Onaitis MW, Morrison LD, Sporn TA, Steele MP, Noble PW. Bayesian probit regression model for the diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis: proof-of-principle. BMC Med Genomics 2011; 4:70. [PMID: 21974901 PMCID: PMC3199230 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-4-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The accurate diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a major clinical challenge. We developed a model to diagnose IPF by applying Bayesian probit regression (BPR) modelling to gene expression profiles of whole lung tissue. Methods Whole lung tissue was obtained from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) undergoing surgical lung biopsy or lung transplantation. Controls were obtained from normal organ donors. We performed cluster analyses to explore differences in our dataset. No significant difference was found between samples obtained from different lobes of the same patient. A significant difference was found between samples obtained at biopsy versus explant. Following preliminary analysis of the complete dataset, we selected three subsets for the development of diagnostic gene signatures: the first signature was developed from all IPF samples (as compared to controls); the second signature was developed from the subset of IPF samples obtained at biopsy; the third signature was developed from IPF explants. To assess the validity of each signature, we used an independent cohort of IPF and normal samples. Each signature was used to predict phenotype (IPF versus normal) in samples from the validation cohort. We compared the models' predictions to the true phenotype of each validation sample, and then calculated sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Results Surprisingly, we found that all three signatures were reasonably valid predictors of diagnosis, with small differences in test sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy. Conclusions This study represents the first use of BPR on whole lung tissue; previously, BPR was primarily used to develop predictive models for cancer. This also represents the first report of an independently validated IPF gene expression signature. In summary, BPR is a promising tool for the development of gene expression signatures from non-neoplastic lung tissue. In the future, BPR might be used to develop definitive diagnostic gene signatures for IPF, prognostic gene signatures for IPF or gene signatures for other non-neoplastic lung disorders such as bronchiolitis obliterans.
Collapse
|
73
|
Atkins BZ, Onaitis MW, Hutcheson KA, Kaye K, Petersen RP, Wolfe WG. Does method of sternal repair influence long-term outcome of postoperative mediastinitis? Am J Surg 2011; 202:565-7. [PMID: 21924401 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-sternotomy mediastinitis reduces survival after cardiac surgery, potentially further affected by details of mediastinal vascularized flap reconstruction. The aim of this study was to evaluate survival after different methods for sternal reconstruction in mediastinitis. METHODS Two hundred twenty-two adult cardiac surgery patients with post-sternotomy mediastinitis were reviewed. After controlling infection, often augmented by negative pressure therapy, muscle flap, omental flap, or secondary closure was performed. Outcomes were reviewed and survival analysis was performed. RESULTS Baseline characteristics were similar. In-hospital mortality (15.7%) did not differ between groups. Secondary closure was correlated with negative pressure therapy and reduced length hospital of stay. Recurrent wound complications were more common with muscle flap repair. Survival was unaffected by sternal repair technique. By multivariate analysis, heart failure, sepsis, age, and vascular disease independently predicted mortality, while negative pressure therapy was associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS Choice of sternal repair was unrelated to survival, but mediastinal treatment with negative pressure therapy promotes favorable early and late outcomes.
Collapse
|
74
|
Walsh MD, Bruno AD, Onaitis MW, Erdmann D, Wolfe WG, Toloza EM, Levin LS. The role of intrathoracic free flaps for chronic empyema. Ann Thorac Surg 2011; 91:865-8. [PMID: 21353016 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2010.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of chronic empyema associated with a bronchopleural fistula can be a particularly challenging problem. Successful eradication may not occur without interposition of healthy vascularized tissue. Pedicled muscle flaps for coverage on the thorax have been well described. However, secondary to trauma or previous surgical procedures, a pedicle flap may not be sufficiently sized or available. Free tissue transfer is an attractive option to provide the appropriate vascularized tissue. METHODS Six patients with chronic empyema-bronchopleural fistulae were reconstructed with 4 rectus abdominis myocutaneous and 2 gracilis muscle flaps. The choice of recipient vessels was dictated by existing local anatomy but included intercostal, thoracodorsal, thoracoacromial, azygous, and circumflex humeral vessels. One flap required interposition saphenous vein grafts for both artery and vein. RESULTS Patient follow-up ranged from 2 to 14 years. There were no episodes of flap loss or postoperative mortality. Empyema resolution without recurrent bronchopleural fistula was achieved in all patients. CONCLUSIONS Free tissue transfer is an excellent option for vascularized tissue interposition in patients who are not candidates for pedicled muscle transfer. Multiple potential recipient vessels provide tremendous versatility, arguing for early consideration of free tissue transfer.
Collapse
|
75
|
Berry MF, Onaitis MW, Tong BC, Harpole DH, D'Amico TA. A model for morbidity after lung resection in octogenarians. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011; 39:989-94. [PMID: 21276728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2010.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Age is an important risk factor for morbidity after lung resection. This study was performed to identify specific risk factors for complications after lung resection in octogenarians. METHODS A prospective database containing patients aged 80 years or older, who underwent lung resection at a single institution between January 2000 and June 2009, was reviewed. Preoperative, histopathologic, perioperative, and outcome variables were assessed. Morbidity was measured as a patient having any perioperative event as defined by the Society of Thoracic Surgeons General Thoracic Surgery Database. A multivariable risk model for morbidity was developed using a panel of established preoperative and operative variables. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS During the study period, 193 patients aged 80 years or older (median age 82 years) underwent lung resection: wedge resection in 77, segmentectomy in 13, lobectomy in 96, bilobectomy in four, and pneumonectomy in three. Resection was accomplished via thoracoscopy in 149 patients (77%). Operative mortality was 3.6% (seven patients) and morbidity was 46% (89 patients). A total of 181 (94%) patients were discharged directly home. Postoperative events included atrial arrhythmia in 38 patients (20%), prolonged air leak in 24 patients (12%), postoperative transfusion in 22 patients (11%), delirium in 16 patients (8%), need for bronchoscopy in 14 patients (7%), and pneumonia in 10 patients (5%). Significant predictors of morbidity by multivariable analysis included resection greater than wedge (odds ratio 2.98, p=0.006), thoracotomy as operative approach (odds ratio 2.6, p=0.03), and % predicted forced expiratory volume in 1s (odds ratio 1.28 for each 10% decrement, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS Octogenarians can undergo lung resection with low mortality. Extent of resection, use of a thoracotomy, and impaired lung function increase the risk of complications. Careful evaluation is necessary to select the most appropriate approach in octogenarians being considered for lung resection.
Collapse
|