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Teh A, Lim C, Pandeli V, Roberts L, Coller J, Proimos G, Cheong Y, Goods C, Rowe M, Fernando D, New G. A Single Centre Prospective Study of Elective and Emergent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) with Off-Site Surgical Back-Up. Heart Lung Circ 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2007.06.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Burke RD, Angerer LM, Elphick MR, Humphrey GW, Yaguchi S, Kiyama T, Liang S, Mu X, Agca C, Klein WH, Brandhorst BP, Rowe M, Wilson K, Churcher AM, Taylor JS, Chen N, Murray G, Wang D, Mellott D, Olinski R, Hallböök F, Thorndyke MC. A genomic view of the sea urchin nervous system. Dev Biol 2006; 300:434-60. [PMID: 16965768 PMCID: PMC1950334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2006] [Revised: 07/29/2006] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The sequencing of the Strongylocentrotus purpuratus genome provides a unique opportunity to investigate the function and evolution of neural genes. The neurobiology of sea urchins is of particular interest because they have a close phylogenetic relationship with chordates, yet a distinctive pentaradiate body plan and unusual neural organization. Orthologues of transcription factors that regulate neurogenesis in other animals have been identified and several are expressed in neurogenic domains before gastrulation indicating that they may operate near the top of a conserved neural gene regulatory network. A family of genes encoding voltage-gated ion channels is present but, surprisingly, genes encoding gap junction proteins (connexins and pannexins) appear to be absent. Genes required for synapse formation and function have been identified and genes for synthesis and transport of neurotransmitters are present. There is a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors, including 874 rhodopsin-type receptors, 28 metabotropic glutamate-like receptors and a remarkably expanded group of 161 secretin receptor-like proteins. Absence of cannabinoid, lysophospholipid and melanocortin receptors indicates that this group may be unique to chordates. There are at least 37 putative G-protein-coupled peptide receptors and precursors for several neuropeptides and peptide hormones have been identified, including SALMFamides, NGFFFamide, a vasotocin-like peptide, glycoprotein hormones and insulin/insulin-like growth factors. Identification of a neurotrophin-like gene and Trk receptor in sea urchin indicates that this neural signaling system is not unique to chordates. Several hundred chemoreceptor genes have been predicted using several approaches, a number similar to that for other animals. Intriguingly, genes encoding homologues of rhodopsin, Pax6 and several other key mammalian retinal transcription factors are expressed in tube feet, suggesting tube feet function as photosensory organs. Analysis of the sea urchin genome presents a unique perspective on the evolutionary history of deuterostome nervous systems and reveals new approaches to investigate the development and neurobiology of sea urchins.
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Rowe M, Snyder S, Lyons C, Alverson D, Helman P, Veroff R, Ohls R. Inflammatory Mediators as Predictors of Neonatal Sepsis. J Investig Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1177/108155890605401s128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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54
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Sharp CE, Rowe M. Online games and e-business: Architecture for integrating business models and services into online games. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1147/sj.451.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Rowe M, Snyder SA, Lyons CR, Alverson DC, Helman P, Veroff R, Ohls RK. 245 INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS AS PREDICTORS OF NEONATAL SEPSIS. J Investig Med 2006. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.x0004.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Melhem A, Stern M, Shibolet O, Israeli E, Ackerman Z, Pappo O, Hemed N, Rowe M, Ohana H, Zabrecky G, Cohen R, Ilan Y. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection via antioxidants: results of a phase I clinical trial. J Clin Gastroenterol 2005; 39:737-42. [PMID: 16082287 DOI: 10.1097/01.mcg.0000174023.73472.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with a defective host antiviral immune response and intrahepatic oxidative stress. Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation play major roles in the fatty liver accumulation (steatosis) that leads to necro-inflammation and necrosis of hepatic cells. Previous trials suggested that antioxidative therapy may have a beneficial effect on patients with chronic HCV infection. AIMS To determine the safety and efficacy of treatment of chronic HCV patients via a combination of antioxidants. METHODS Fifty chronic HCV patients were treated orally on a daily basis for 20 weeks with seven antioxidative oral preparations (glycyrrhizin, schisandra, silymarin, ascorbic acid, lipoic acid, L-glutathione, and alpha-tocopherol), along with four different intravenous preparations (glycyrrhizin, ascorbic acid, L-glutathione, B-complex) twice weekly for the first 10 weeks, and followed up for an additional 20 weeks. Patients were monitored for HCV-RNA levels, liver enzymes, and liver histology. Assessment of quality of life was performed using the SF-36 questionnaire. RESULTS In one of the tested parameters (eg, liver enzymes, HCV RNA levels, or liver biopsy score), a combination of antioxidants induced a favorable response in 48% of the patients (24). Normalization of liver enzymes occurred in 44% of patients who had elevated pretreatment ALT levels (15 of 34). ALT levels remained normal throughout follow-up period in 72.7% (8 of 11). A decrease in viral load (one log or more) was observed in 25% of the patients (12). Histologic improvement (2-point reduction in the HAI score) was noted in 36.1% of the patients. The SF-36 score improved in 26 of 45 patients throughout the course of the trial (58% of the patients). Treatment was well tolerated by all patients. No major adverse reactions were noted. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that multi antioxidative treatment in chronic HCV patients is well tolerated and may have a beneficial effect on necro-inflammatory variables. A combination of antiviral and antioxidative therapies may enhance the overall response rate of these patients.
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Klineberg I, Calford MB, Dreher B, Henry P, Macefield V, Miles T, Rowe M, Sessle B, Trulsson M. A consensus statement on osseoperception. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2005; 32:145-6. [PMID: 15730451 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04144.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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58
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Shibolet O, Rowe M, Safadi R, Levy I, Zamir G, Eid A, Donchin Y, Ilan Y, Shouval D. Air transportation of patients with end-stage liver disease to distant liver transplantation centers. Liver Transpl 2005; 11:650-5. [PMID: 15915481 DOI: 10.1002/lt.20399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The Israeli population does not meet its transplantation organ needs. Therefore, liver transplantation (LTX) candidates are sometimes transported to centers abroad. We aimed to assess the demographic and clinical issues concerning this policy. Records of all candidates transported (2000-2004) were retrospectively reviewed. Data included etiology, disease severity, outcome, distances traveled and destinations, and medical complication arising en route. Forty-three candidates were transported overseas: 12 patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) and 31 with cirrhosis. Average MELD score was 19.94, and the APACHE II score for patients with FHF was 20.5. Destinations included the United States, Colombia, Belgium, Germany, China, and Italy. Average distance traveled was 4,660 miles. Two patients were intubated and sedated during flight. All patients safely reached their destinations: 8 died prior to transplantation, 5 died after transplantation, 3 are awaiting transplantation, 3 recovered spontaneously, and the rest successfully underwent transplantation and returned home. In conclusion, our results suggest that long-distance transportation of patients awaiting liver transplantation is safe and technically feasible provided precaution measures are taken. Therefore, allocation regions may be broadened to include larger and more distant populations.
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Rowe M, Mehl A. Antibodies for Detecting EBV Latent Proteins. EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS PROTOCOLS 2003; 174:219-27. [PMID: 11357648 DOI: 10.1385/1-59259-227-9:219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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60
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Safadi R, Israeli E, Papo O, Shibolet O, Melhem A, Bloch A, Rowe M, Alper R, Klein A, Hemed N, Segol O, Thalenfeld B, Engelhardt D, Rabbani E, Ilan Y. Treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection via oral immune regulation toward hepatitis B virus proteins. Am J Gastroenterol 2003; 98:2505-15. [PMID: 14638356 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07700.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a noncytopathic virus, and hepatocellular injury is mediated by a defective host antiviral immune response. We have previously shown that antiviral immunity can be modulated through oral feeding of viral proteins. The aims of this study were to determine the safety and efficacy of treatment of patients with chronic HBV by means of p.o. administration of HBV envelope proteins. METHODS A total of 42 chronic HBV patients were treated p.o. with HBV envelope proteins (HBsAg+preS1+preS2), three times/wk for 20-30 wk, and followed for an additional 20 wk. Patients were monitored for HBV-DNA levels, liver enzymes, and liver histology. HBV-directed T cell immune modulation was assessed in vitro by HBV specific T cell-proliferation, cytotoxicity, IFN gamma, and IL10 ELISPOT assays, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction cytokines assay. RESULTS Favorable response in one of the primary endpoints was achieved in 28/42 patients (66.6%) by means of p.o. immune regulation. A significant decrease in viral load was observed in 15 patients (35.7%). HBsAg/HBcAg biopsy scores improved in 41% and 57.1% of patients, respectively. Histological improvement in liver necroinflammatory score was noted in 12/40 patients (30%). In all, 80% showed biochemical response. Five of 19 HBeAg positive patients (26.3%) became negative for HBeAg. A favorable augmentation in anti-HBV specific T cell response, with increased HbsAg specific T cell proliferation (78%), cytotoxicity (75%), and IFN gamma positive T cell clones (62.9%) was noted. In addition, a decrease in the IL10 gamma positive T cell clones was achieved (48.1%). Natural killer T (NKT) lymphocytes increased significantly in all treated patients. CONCLUSIONS Immune regulation of the anti-HBV immune response via p.o. administration of HBV envelope proteins alleviated the immune-mediated liver injury while augmenting the effective antiviral immunity.
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Bushell ME, Rowe M, Avignone-Rossa CA, Wardell JN. Cyclic fed-batch culture for production of human serum albumin in Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol Bioeng 2003; 82:678-83. [PMID: 12673767 DOI: 10.1002/bit.10616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Simple cyclic fed-batch culture (cfbc), consisting of a constant medium feed with periodic withdrawals of culture, resulted in a product yield (13.4 mg protein per gram biomass) similar to that obtained using the complex multiphase industrial production strategy (13.7 mg protein per gram biomass). In cfbc, productivity was ultimately limited by the rate at which the cells could assimilate methanol. Glycerol was inhibitory to growth at high concentrations. However, product yield continued to increase as the glycerol concentration was increased. In chemostat culture, dissolved oxygen concentration influenced product yield independently of any detectable influence on cell growth.
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Langman V, Rowe M, Forthman D, Langman N, Black J, Walker T. Quantifying shade using a standard environment. Zoo Biol 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.10067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ben-Kish A, DeMarco B, Meyer V, Rowe M, Britton J, Itano WM, Jelenković BM, Langer C, Leibfried D, Rosenband T, Wineland DJ. Experimental demonstration of a technique to generate arbitrary quantum superposition states of a harmonically bound spin-1/2 particle. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 90:037902. [PMID: 12570526 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.037902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Using a single, harmonically trapped 9Be(+) ion, we experimentally demonstrate a technique for generation of arbitrary states of a two-level particle confined by a harmonic potential. Rather than engineering a single Hamiltonian that evolves the system to a desired final state, we implement a technique that applies a sequence of simple operations to synthesize the state.
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DeMarco B, Ben-Kish A, Leibfried D, Meyer V, Rowe M, Jelenković BM, Itano WM, Britton J, Langer C, Rosenband T, Wineland DJ. Experimental demonstration of a controlled-NOT wave-packet gate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 89:267901. [PMID: 12484856 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.267901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report the experimental demonstration of a controlled-NOT (CNOT) quantum logic gate between motional and internal-state qubits of a single ion where, as opposed to previously demonstrated gates, the conditional dynamics depends on the extent of the ion's wave packet. Advantages of this CNOT gate over one demonstrated previously are its immunity from Stark shifts due to off-resonant couplings and the fact that an auxiliary internal level is not required. We characterize the gate logic through measurements of the postgate ion state populations for both logic basis and superposition input states, and we demonstrate the gate coherence via an interferometric measurement.
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Leibfried D, DeMarco B, Meyer V, Rowe M, Ben-Kish A, Britton J, Itano WM, Jelenković B, Langer C, Rosenband T, Wineland DJ. Trapped-ion quantum simulator: experimental application to nonlinear interferometers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 89:247901. [PMID: 12484980 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.247901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We show how an experimentally realized set of operations on a single trapped ion is sufficient to simulate a wide class of Hamiltonians of a spin-1/2 particle in an external potential. This system is also able to simulate other physical dynamics. As a demonstration, we simulate the action of two nth order nonlinear optical beam splitters comprising an interferometer sensitive to phase shift in one of the interferometer beam paths. The sensitivity in determining these phase shifts increases linearly with n, and the simulation demonstrates that the use of nonlinear beam splitters (n=2,3) enhances this sensitivity compared to the standard quantum limit imposed by a linear beam splitter (n=1).
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Vassallo DJ, Rowe M. "Medical bookmarks--a virtual medical library". J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2002; 148:198-9. [PMID: 12174565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
How does one go about finding specific medical information on the internet? Medical Bookmarks is the name of an easily remembered website (http://www.medical-bookmarks.org.uk) set up as a virtual library by the librarian at the Royal Hospital Haslar. It is specifically designed to give easy access to all the important medical sites on the internet, doing away with the need to remember the exact addresses of other websites, and as such it is relevant to civilian and military doctors in both industrialised and developing nations. It also interlinks sites of particular relevance to military doctors, including military medical sites and a NATO Defence Medical Services site.
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Rowe M. Transplant: a non-fiction narrative. MEDICAL HUMANITIES 2002; 28:23-27. [PMID: 23671045 DOI: 10.1136/mh.28.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This narrative is taken from a memoir about my son, Jesse, who died at age 19 in 1995 after a liver transplant. It covers two periods-from May 5, his admission date at the hospital to wait for a transplant, until May 9, when a perforation, caused by cutting through intestinal adhesions during transplant surgery, was discovered, and from May 20 to May 22, when his condition became extremely critical. Since Jesse was largely unconscious or semi-conscious during a good part of the period this narrative covers, his personality and conscious struggles shine through less here than they do in other parts of the memoir. Here, the relative emphasis is on parents and physicians and on facing the critical illness, and possible death, of one's child in an intensive care unit, following the very intervention that was to give him a new chance at a healthy life.
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Casale TB, Condemi J, LaForce C, Nayak A, Rowe M, Watrous M, McAlary M, Fowler-Taylor A, Racine A, Gupta N, Fick R, Della Cioppa G. Effect of omalizumab on symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2001; 286:2956-67. [PMID: 11743836 DOI: 10.1001/jama.286.23.2956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Seasonal allergic rhinitis is a common IgE-mediated disorder that produces troublesome symptoms. A recombinant humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody (omalizumab) forms complexes with free IgE, blocking its interaction with mast cells and basophils and lowering free IgE levels in the circulation. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of omalizumab for prophylaxis of symptoms in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, dose-ranging, placebo-controlled trial conducted from July 25 through November 21, 1997. SETTING Twenty-five outpatient centers throughout the United States. PATIENTS Five hundred thirty-six patients aged 12 to 75 years with at least a 2-year history of moderate to severe ragweed-induced seasonal allergic rhinitis and a baseline IgE level between 30 and 700 IU/mL. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomly assigned to receive omalizumab, 50 mg (n = 137), 150 mg (n = 134), or 300 mg (n = 129), or placebo (n = 136) subcutaneously just prior to ragweed season and repeated during the pollen season every 3 weeks in patients with baseline IgE levels of 151 to 700 IU/mL (4 total treatments) and every 4 weeks in patients with baseline IgE levels of 30 to 150 IU/mL (3 total treatments). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Self-assessed daily nasal symptom severity scores (range, 0-3), rescue antihistamine use, and rhinitis-specific quality of life during the 12 weeks from the start of treatment. RESULTS Nasal symptom severity scores were significantly lower in patients who received 300 mg of omalizumab than in those who received placebo (least squares means, 0.75 vs 0.98, respectively; P =.002). A significant association was observed between IgE reduction and nasal symptoms and rescue antihistamine use. Rhinitis-specific quality of life scores were consistently better in patients who received 300 mg of omalizumab than in those who received lower dosages or placebo and did not decline during peak season. The frequency of adverse events was not significantly different among the omalizumab and placebo groups. CONCLUSION Omalizumab decreased serum free IgE levels and provided clinical benefit in a dose-dependent fashion in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Anti-Allergic Agents/administration & dosage
- Anti-Allergic Agents/adverse effects
- Anti-Allergic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Double-Blind Method
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin E/blood
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Omalizumab
- Quality of Life
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/drug therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/prevention & control
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Mehl AM, Jones M, Rowe M, Brennan P. Characterization of a CD40-dominant inhibitory receptor mutant. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 167:6388-93. [PMID: 11714804 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.11.6388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
CD40 is an important mediator of immune and inflammatory responses. It is a costimulatory molecule for B cell proliferation and survival. Blockade of CD40 has been shown to induce tolerance and its role in other pathogenic conditions has led to the proposal that CD40 inhibition could be valuable therapeutically. As a first step to this end, we have characterized a CD40-dominant negative receptor. This inhibitory mutant lacks the identified CD40 signaling domains. It inhibits both cotransfected and endogenous CD40 activation of NF-kappaB. This mutant is specific, as it does not affect TNF or latent membrane protein 1 signaling. Its potential usefulness is illustrated by its ability to inhibit the CD40 ligand-stimulated increases of HLA and CD54 expression, molecules involved in Ag recognition and lymphocyte recruitment leading to organ rejection. The inhibitory mutant has no TNFR-associated factor 2-binding capabilities and inhibits the recruitment of TNFR-associated factor 2 to the CD40 signaling complex after stimulation. These studies show that the CD40 inhibitory receptor molecule is effective, specific, and useful both for research and potentially as a clinical tool. And furthermore, it is likely that similar dominant inhibitory receptors can be generated for all of the members of the TNFR superfamily.
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Evans M, Borysiewicz LK, Evans AS, Rowe M, Jones M, Gileadi U, Cerundolo V, Man S. Antigen processing defects in cervical carcinomas limit the presentation of a CTL epitope from human papillomavirus 16 E6. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 167:5420-8. [PMID: 11673561 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.9.5420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly type 16, is causally associated with the development of cervical cancer. The E6 and E7 proteins of HPV are constitutively expressed in cervical carcinoma cells making them attractive targets for CTL-based immunotherapy. However, few studies have addressed whether cervical carcinomas can process and present HPV E6/E7-derived Ags for recognition by CTL. We generated HLA-A*0201-restricted CTL clones against HPV16 E6(29-38) that recognized HPV16 E6 Ags transfected into B lymphoblastoid cells. These CTL were unable to recognize HLA-A*0201(+) HPV16 E6(+) cervical carcinoma cell lines even when the level of endogenous HPV16 E6 in these cells was increased by transfection. This defect in presentation of HPV16 E6(29-38) correlated with low level expression of HLA class I, proteasome subunits low molecular mass protein 2 and 7, and the transporter proteins TAP1 and TAP2 in the cervical carcinoma cell lines. The expression of all of these proteins could be up-regulated by IFN-gamma, but this was insufficient for CTL recognition unless the level of HPV16 E6 Ag was also increased by transfection. CTL recognition of the HPV16 E6(29-38) epitope in 721.174 B cells was dependent on TAP expression but independent of immunoproteasome expression. Collectively, these findings suggest that presentation of the HPV16 E6(29-38) epitope in cervical carcinoma cell lines is limited both by the level of TAP expression and by the low level or availability of the source HPV E6 oncoprotein. These observations place constraints on the use of this, and potentially other, HPV-derived CTL epitopes for the immunotherapy of cervical cancer.
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Rowe M, Trease GE. Thomas Baskerville, Elizabethan apothecary of Exeter. TRANSACTIONS OF THE BRITISH SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF PHARMACY 2001; 1:3-28. [PMID: 11609958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Fielding CA, Sandvej K, Mehl A, Brennan P, Jones M, Rowe M. Epstein-Barr virus LMP-1 natural sequence variants differ in their potential to activate cellular signaling pathways. J Virol 2001; 75:9129-41. [PMID: 11533177 PMCID: PMC114482 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.19.9129-9141.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) oncogene of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is believed to contribute to the development of many EBV-associated tumors, and there is evidence that sequence variation can affect some functions of LMP-1. Most studies have been restricted to the prototype B95.8 LMP-1 gene and genes isolated from EBV of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Here, we analyzed the signaling functions of LMP-1 from a panel of nine EBV isolates, including representatives of four defined groups of European LMP-1 variants (groups A to D [K. Sandvej, J. W. Gratama, M. Munch, X. G. Zhou, R. L. Bolhuis, B. S. Andresen, N. Gregersen, and S. Hamilton-Dutoit, Blood 90:323-330, 1997]) and Chinese NPC-derived LMP-1. Chinese and group D variants activated the transcription factor NF-kappa B two- to threefold more efficiently than B95.8 LMP-1, while Chinese, group B, and group D variants similarly activated activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription more efficiently than did B95.8 LMP-1. However, there were no amino acid substitutions in the core binding regions for tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated adapter proteins known to mediate NF-kappa B and AP-1 activation. In contrast, despite sequence variation in the proposed Janus kinase 3 binding region, STAT activation was remarkably constant among the panel of LMP-1 variants. Analysis of the induction of CD54 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) protein expression by the LMP-1 variants showed differences that did not correlate with either NF-kappa B or AP-1. Therefore, while the defined sequence variant groups do correlate with LMP-1 function, the results highlight the fact that the relationship between sequence variation and signaling function is extremely complex. It appears unlikely that one particular amino acid substitution or deletion will define a disease-associated variant of LMP-1.
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Rowe M, Frey J, Bailey M, Fisk D, Davidson L. Clinical responsibility and client autonomy: dilemmas in mental health work at the margins. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 2001; 71:400-407. [PMID: 11822212 DOI: 10.1037/0002-9432.71.4.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mental health outreach to homeless persons requires practice standards for cases in which clinical assessment and client autonomy conflict. After reviewing the principles of mental health outreach and presenting case examples, conditions and boundaries within which outreach workers negotiate the clinical responsibility/client autonomy dilemma are discussed. Guidelines to support sound clinical practice while respecting client autonomy are also discussed.
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Rowe M, Jones M. Detection of EBV latent proteins by western blotting. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2001; 174:229-42. [PMID: 11357649 DOI: 10.1385/1-59259-227-9:229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
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