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B. Erdal N, Yao JG, Hakkarainen M. Cellulose-Derived Nanographene Oxide Surface-Functionalized Three-Dimensional Scaffolds with Drug Delivery Capability. Biomacromolecules 2018; 20:738-749. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Xu Y, Hua G, Hakkarainen M, Odelius K. Isosorbide as Core Component for Tailoring Biobased Unsaturated Polyester Thermosets for a Wide Structure-Property Window. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:3077-3085. [PMID: 29897737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Biobased unsaturated polyester thermosets as potential replacements for petroleum-based thermosets were designed. The target of incorporating rigid units, to yield thermosets with high thermal and mechanical performance, both in the biobased unsaturated polyester (UP) and reactive diluent (RD) while retaining miscibility was successfully achieved. The biobased unsaturated polyester thermosets were prepared by varying the content of isosorbide, 1,4-butanediol, maleic anhydride, and succinic anhydride in combination with the reactive diluent isosorbide-methacrylate (IM). Isosorbide was chosen as the main component in both the UP and the RD to enhance the rigidity of the formed thermosets, to overcome solubility issues commonly associated with biobased UPs and RDs and volatility and toxicity associated with styrene as RD. All UPs had good solubility in the RD and the viscosity of the mixtures was primarily tuned by the feed ratio of isosorbide but also by the amount of maleic anhydride. The flexural modulus and storage modulus were tailorable by altering the monomer composition The fabricated thermosets had superior thermal and mechanical properties compared to most biobased UP thermosets with thermal stability up to about 250 °C and a storage modulus at 25 °C varying between 0.5 and 3.0 GPa. These values are close to commercial petroleum-based UP thermosets. The designed tailorable biobased thermosets are, thus, promising candidates to replace their petroleum analogs.
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Erdal NB, Hakkarainen M. Construction of Bioactive and Reinforced Bioresorbable Nanocomposites by Reduced Nano-Graphene Oxide Carbon Dots. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:1074-1081. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Bäckström E, Odelius K, Hakkarainen M. Trash to Treasure: Microwave-Assisted Conversion of Polyethylene to Functional Chemicals. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Pal J, Wu D, Hakkarainen M, Srivastava RK. The viscoelastic interaction between dispersed and continuous phase of PCL/HA-PVA oil-in-water emulsion uncovers the theoretical and experimental basis for fiber formation during emulsion electrospinning. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Michalak M, Kwiecien I, Kwiecien M, Adamus G, Odelius K, Hakkarainen M, Kurcok P. Diversifying Polyhydroxyalkanoates – End-Group and Side-Chain Functionality. Curr Org Synth 2017. [DOI: 10.2174/1570179414666161115150146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a natural origin biodegradable polyesters consisted
of various 3- and 4-hydroxyacid derived repeating units produced by microorganisms as energy storage.
PHAs have been intensively studied due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility enabling their use both
in packaging and agriculture as well as in medicine and pharmacy. PHAs obtained via biotechnological routes
can possess various functional groups in their side chains. However, the diversity in their functionality is limited
due to issues of conservation of functional groups during the polymer formation.
Objective: The review focuses on recent progress in the area of synthesis of PHAs functionalized with various
reactive as well as bioactive end and side groups.
Conclusion: A potent route to resolve the problem of functional group diversity in natural origin PHAs involves
post-polymerization modification, where the desired side groups can be created. On the contrary, synthetically
produced PHA analogs obtained directly via ring-opening polymerization of β-lactones offer various
functionalities at different position throughout the polymer chain. The desired α- and ω-end groups can be introduced
into the polymer chain using specific polymerization, initiation or termination strategies, respectively.
The preferred side chain functionality is obtained by choosing the appropriate β-lactone monomers bearing respective
functional groups. All functional groups may also be subjected to additional chemical modification.
The degradation of PHA as a method for producing functional polymers as well as their possible further applications
are also discussed.
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Xu H, Xie L, Li J, Hakkarainen M. Coffee Grounds to Multifunctional Quantum Dots: Extreme Nanoenhancers of Polymer Biocomposites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:27972-27983. [PMID: 28770986 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Central to the design and execution of nanocomposite strategies is the invention of polymer-affinitive and multifunctional nanoreinforcements amenable to economically viable processing. Here, a microwave-assisted approach enabled gram-scale fabrication of polymer-affinitive luminescent quantum dots (QDs) from spent coffee grounds. The ultrasmall dimensions (approaching 20 nm), coupled with richness of diverse oxygen functional groups, conferred the zero-dimensional QDs with proper exfoliation and uniform dispersion in poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) matrix. The unique optical properties of QDs were inherited by PLLA nanocomposites, giving intensive luminescence and high visible transparency, as well as nearly 100% UV-blocking ratio in the full-UV region at only 0.5 wt % QDs. The strong anchoring of PLLA chains at the nanoscale surfaces of QDs facilitated PLLA crystallization, which was accompanied by substantial improvements in thermomechanical and tensile properties. With 1 wt % QDs, for example, the storage modulus at 100 °C and tensile strength increased over 2500 and 69% compared to those of pure PLLA (4 and 57.3 MPa), respectively. The QD-enabled energy-dissipating and flexibility-imparting mechanisms upon tensile deformation, including the generation of numerous shear bands, crazing, and nanofibrillation, gave an unusual combination of elasticity and extensibility for PLLA nanocomposites. This paves the way to biowaste-derived nanodots with high affinity to polymer for elegant implementation of distinct light management and extreme nanoreinforcements in an ecofriendly manner.
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Wu D, Bäckström E, Hakkarainen M. Macromol. Biosci. 6/2017. Macromol Biosci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201770020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Wu D, Samanta A, Srivastava RK, Hakkarainen M. Starch-Derived Nanographene Oxide Paves the Way for Electrospinnable and Bioactive Starch Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1582-1591. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Salazar Avalos A, Hakkarainen M, Odelius K. Superiorly Plasticized PVC/PBSA Blends through Crotonic and Acrylic Acid Functionalization of PVC. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E84. [PMID: 30970763 PMCID: PMC6431921 DOI: 10.3390/polym9030084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Superior plasticization efficiency was achieved by a grafting from functionalization of the PVC backbone. This was deduced to a synergistic effect of internal plasticization and improved intermolecular interactions between PVC and an oligomeric poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) plasticizer. A mild grafting process for functionalization of the PVC chain by crotonic acid (CA) or acrylic acid (AA) was used. The formation of PVC-g-CA and PVC-g-AA was confirmed by FTIR and ¹H NMR. Grafting with the seemingly similar monomers, CA and AA, resulted in different macromolecular structures. AA is easily homopolymerized and long hydrophilic poly(acrylic acid) grafts are formed resulting in branched materials. Crotonic acid does not easily homopolymerize; instead, single crotonic acid units are located along the PVC chain, leading to basically linear PVC chains with pendant crotonic acid groups. The elongation of PVC-g-CA and PVC-g-AA in comparison to pure PVC were greatly increased from 6% to 128% and 167%, respectively, by the grafting reactions. Blending 20% (w/w) PBSA with PVC, PVC-AA or PVC-CA further increased the elongation at break to 150%, 240% and 320%, respectively, clearly showing a significant synergistic effect in the blends with functionalized PVC. This is a clearly promising milestone towards environmentally friendly flexible PVC materials.
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Wu D, Bäckström E, Hakkarainen M. Starch Derived Nanosized Graphene Oxide Functionalized Bioactive Porous Starch Scaffolds. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Xu H, Hua G, Odelius K, Hakkarainen M. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 23/2016. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201670074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Michalak M, Kurcok P, Hakkarainen M. Polyhydroxyalkanoate-based drug delivery systems. POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Xu H, Hua G, Odelius K, Hakkarainen M. Stereocontrolled Entanglement-Directed Self-Alignment of Poly(lactic acid) Cylindrites. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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66
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Golda-Cepa M, Chorylek A, Chytrosz P, Brzychczy-Wloch M, Jaworska J, Kasperczyk J, Hakkarainen M, Engvall K, Kotarba A. Multifunctional PLGA/Parylene C Coating for Implant Materials: An Integral Approach for Biointerface Optimization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:22093-22105. [PMID: 27500860 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Functionalizing implant surfaces is critical for improving their performance. An integrated approach was employed to develop a multifunctional implant coating based on oxygen plasma-modified parylene C and drug-loaded, biodegradable poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). The key functional attributes of the coating (i.e., anti-corrosion, biocompatible, anti-infection, and therapeutic) were thoroughly characterized at each fabrication step by spectroscopic, microscopic, and biologic methods and at different scales, ranging from molecular, through the nano- and microscales to the macroscopic scale. The chemistry of each layer was demonstrated separately, and their mutual affinity was shown to be indispensable for the development of versatile coatings for implant applications.
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Xie L, Xu H, Li Z, Hakkarainen M. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 9/2016. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:808. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201670039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Yang X, Xu H, Odelius K, Hakkarainen M. Poly(lactide)-g-poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) with High Crystallization Capacity and Migration Resistance. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9050313. [PMID: 28773437 PMCID: PMC5503035 DOI: 10.3390/ma9050313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plasticized polylactide (PLA) with increased crystallization ability and prolonged life-span in practical applications due to the minimal plasticizer migration was prepared. Branched plasticized PLA was successfully obtained by coupling poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) to crotonic acid (CA) functionalized PLA. The plasticization behavior of PBSA coupled PLA (PLA-CA-PBSA) and its counterpart PBSA blended PLA (PLA/PBSA) were fully elucidated. For both PLA-CA-PBSA and PLA/PBSA, a decrease of Tg to around room temperature and an increase in the elongation at break of PLA from 14% to 165% and 460%, respectively, were determined. The crystallinity was increased from 2.1% to 8.4% for PLA/PBSA and even more, to 10.6%, for PLA-CA-PBSA. Due to the inherent poor miscibility between the PBSA and PLA, phase separation occurred in the blend, while PLA-CA-PBSA showed no phase separation which, together with the higher crystallinity, led to better oxygen barrier properties compared to neat PLA and PLA/PBSA. A higher resistance to migration during hydrolytic degradation for the PLA-CA-PBSA compared to the PLA/PBSA indicated that the plasticization effect of PBSA in the coupled material would be retained for a longer time period.
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Xie L, Xu H, Li Z, Hakkarainen M. Structural Hierarchy and Polymorphic Transformation in Shear‐Induced Shish‐Kebab of Stereocomplex Poly(Lactic Acid). Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:745-51. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Lyytinen T, Bragge T, Hakkarainen M, Liikavainio T, Karjalainen P, Arokoski J. Repeatability of knee impulsive loading measurements with skin-mounted accelerometers and lower limb surface electromyographic recordings during gait in knee osteoarthritic and asymptomatic individuals. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2016; 16:63-74. [PMID: 26944825 PMCID: PMC5089457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the repeatability of knee joint impulsive loading measurements with skin-mounted accelerometers (SMAs) and lower limb surface electromyography (EMG) recordings during gait. METHODS Triaxial SMA and EMG from 4 muscles during level and stair walking in nine healthy and nine knee osteoarthritis (OA) subjects were used. The initial peak acceleration (IPA), root mean square (RMS), maximal acceleration transient rate (ATRmax) and mean EMG activity (EMGact) were calculated. The coefficient of variation (CV) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated to measure repeatability. RESULTS The CV and ICC of RMS accelerations ranged from 4.9% to 10.9% and from 0.69 to 0.96 in both study groups during level walking. The CV and ICC of IPA and ATRmax varied from 7.7% to 14.2% and from 0.85 to 0.99 during level and stairs up walking in healthy subjects. The CV and ICC of EMGact ranged from 8.3% to 31.7% and from 0.16 to 0.97 in both study groups. CONCLUSIONS RMS accelerations exhibited good repeatability during walking in healthy and knee OA subjects. The repeatability of EMG measurements was acceptable in healthy subjects depending on the measured muscles.
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Xu H, Yang X, Xie L, Hakkarainen M. Conformational Footprint in Hydrolysis-Induced Nanofibrillation and Crystallization of Poly(lactic acid). Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:985-95. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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72
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Wu D, Xu H, Hakkarainen M. From starch to polylactide and nano-graphene oxide: fully starch derived high performance composites. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08194k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Starch-derived nGO is an efficient compatibilizer and property enhancer for high performance PLA/starch biocomposites.
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Hassanzadeh S, Adolfsson KH, Wu D, Hakkarainen M. Supramolecular Assembly of Biobased Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots Controls the Morphology of and Induces Mineralization on Poly(ε-caprolactone) Films. Biomacromolecules 2015; 17:256-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hassanzadeh S, Feng Z, Pettersson T, Hakkarainen M. A proof-of-concept for folate-conjugated and quercetin-anchored pluronic mixed micelles as molecularly modulated polymeric carriers for doxorubicin. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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75
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Golda-Cepa M, Brzychczy-Wloch M, Engvall K, Aminlashgari N, Hakkarainen M, Kotarba A. Microbiological investigations of oxygen plasma treated parylene C surfaces for metal implant coating. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 52:273-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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