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Osaki S, Saito M, Nagai H, Tamiya E. Surface Modification of Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode through Oxygen Plasma to Enhance Biosensor Sensitivity. Biosensors (Basel) 2024; 14:165. [PMID: 38667159 PMCID: PMC11048330 DOI: 10.3390/bios14040165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) is a useful technology that has been widely used in the practical application of biosensors oriented to point-of-care testing (POCT) due to its characteristics of cost-effectiveness, disposability, miniaturization, wide potential window, and simple electrode design. Compared with gold or platinum electrodes, surface modification is difficult because the carbon surface is chemically or physically stable. Oxygen plasma (O2) can easily produce carboxyl groups on the carbon surface, which act as scaffolds for covalent bonds. However, the effect of O2-plasma treatment on electrode performance remains to be investigated from an electrochemical perspective, and sensor performance can be improved by clarifying the surface conditions of plasma-treated biosensors. In this research, we compared antibody modification by plasma treatment and physical adsorption, using our novel immunosensor based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Consequently, the O2-plasma treatment produced carboxyl groups on the electrode surface that changed the electrochemical properties owing to electrostatic interactions. In this study, we compared the following four cases of SPCE modification: O2-plasma-treated electrode/covalent-bonded antibody (a); O2-plasma-treated electrode/physical adsorbed antibody (b); bare electrode/covalent-bonded antibody (c); and bare electrode/physical absorbed antibody (d). The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.50 ng/mL (a), 9.7 ng/mL (b), 0.54 ng/mL (c), and 1.2 ng/mL (d). The slopes of the linear response range were 0.039, 0.029, 0.014, and 0.022. The LOD of (a) was 2.4 times higher than the conventional condition (d), The slope of (a) showed higher sensitivity than other cases (b~d). This is because the plasma treatment generated many carboxyl groups and increased the number of antibody adsorption sites. In summary, the O2-plasma treatment was found to modify the electrode surface conditions and improve the amount of antibody modifications. In the future, O2-plasma treatment could be used as a simple method for modifying various molecular recognition elements on printed carbon electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuto Osaki
- AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Photonics Center, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan (H.N.)
| | - Masato Saito
- AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Photonics Center, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan (H.N.)
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Nagai
- AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Photonics Center, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan (H.N.)
| | - Eiichi Tamiya
- AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Photonics Center, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan (H.N.)
- SANKEN-The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
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2
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Casanova-Chafer J, Garcia-Aboal R, Llobet E, Atienzar P. Enhanced CO 2 Sensing by Oxygen Plasma-Treated Perovskite-Graphene Nanocomposites. ACS Sens 2024; 9:830-839. [PMID: 38320174 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a major greenhouse gas responsible for global warming and climate change. The development of sensitive CO2 sensors is crucial for environmental and industrial applications. This paper presents a novel CO2 sensor based on perovskite nanocrystals immobilized on graphene and functionalized with oxygen plasma treatment. The impact of this post-treatment method was thoroughly investigated using various characterization techniques, including Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The detection of CO2 at parts per million (ppm) levels demonstrated that the hybrids subjected to 5 min of oxygen plasma treatment exhibited a 3-fold improvement in sensing performance compared to untreated layers. Consequently, the CO2 sensing capability of the oxygen-treated samples showed a limit of detection and limit of quantification of 6.9 and 22.9 ppm, respectively. Furthermore, the influence of ambient moisture on the CO2 sensing performance was also evaluated, revealing a significant effect of oxygen plasma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Casanova-Chafer
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma Surface, Université de Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Rocio Garcia-Aboal
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, CSIC-UPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Eduard Llobet
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- Research Institute in Sustainability, Climate Change and Energy Transition (IU-RESCAT), Vila-seca 43480, Spain
| | - Pedro Atienzar
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, CSIC-UPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain
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3
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K NA, Kumar S. Ion Selectivity in Multilayered Stacked Nanoporous Graphene. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:5294-5301. [PMID: 38236663 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Nanoporous graphene is an ideal candidate for molecular filtration as it can potentially combine high permeability with high selectivity at molecular levels. To make use of graphene in filtration setups, the defects formed during its growth and during the transfer of graphene to the carrier support pose a challenge. These uncontrolled pores can be avoided by stacking graphene layers, and then, controlled pores can be initiated with oxygen plasma. Here, we show that two-layer stacks provide the best balance of defect coverage and high selectivity compared with other stacks. Using the electrical characterization of ionic solutions in the standard diffusion cell, we compare the ionic transport and ionic selectivity of up to three-layered stacks of graphene that have been plasma-treated. We find that there is a decrease in the ionic selectivity of a two-layered stack as one more layer of graphene is added. We provide a model for this occurrence. Our results will be helpful for making practical and high-performance filtration systems from two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niketa A K
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Shishir Kumar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad 502284, Telangana, India
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4
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Lee I, Kang M, Park S, Park C, Lee H, Bae S, Lim H, Kim S, Hong W, Choi SY. Healing Donor Defect States in CVD-Grown MoS 2 Field-Effect Transistors Using Oxygen Plasma with a Channel-Protecting Barrier. Small 2024; 20:e2305143. [PMID: 37670210 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ), a metal dichalcogenide, is a promising channel material for highly integrated scalable transistors. However, intrinsic donor defect states, such as sulfur vacancies (Vs ), can degrade the channel properties and lead to undesired n-doping. A method for healing the donor defect states in monolayer MoS2 is proposed using oxygen plasma, with an aluminum oxide (Al2 O3 ) barrier layer that protects the MoS2 channel from damage by plasma treatment. Successful healing of donor defect states in MoS2 by oxygen atoms, even in the presence of an Al2 O3 barrier layer, is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and Raman spectroscopy. Despite the decrease in 2D sheet carrier concentration (Δn2D = -3.82×1012 cm-2 ), the proposed approach increases the on-current and mobility by 18% and 44% under optimal conditions, respectively. Metal-insulator transition occurs at electron concentrations of 5.7×1012 cm-2 and reflects improved channel quality. Finally, the activation energy (Ea ) reduces at all the gate voltages (VG ) owing to a decrease in Vs , which act as a localized state after the oxygen plasma treatment. This study demonstrates the feasibility of plasma-assisted healing of defects in 2D materials and electrical property enhancement and paves the way for the development of next-generation electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inseong Lee
- Graphene/2D Materials Research Center, School of Electrical Engineering, Graduate School of Semiconductor Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingu Kang
- Graphene/2D Materials Research Center, School of Electrical Engineering, Graduate School of Semiconductor Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seohak Park
- Graphene/2D Materials Research Center, School of Electrical Engineering, Graduate School of Semiconductor Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolmin Park
- Graphene/2D Materials Research Center, School of Electrical Engineering, Graduate School of Semiconductor Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonji Lee
- Graphene/2D Materials Research Center, School of Electrical Engineering, Graduate School of Semiconductor Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanggeun Bae
- Graphene/2D Materials Research Center, School of Electrical Engineering, Graduate School of Semiconductor Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongjin Lim
- Graphene/2D Materials Research Center, School of Electrical Engineering, Graduate School of Semiconductor Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyu Kim
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Woonggi Hong
- Convergence Semiconductor Research Center, School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16890, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Yool Choi
- Graphene/2D Materials Research Center, School of Electrical Engineering, Graduate School of Semiconductor Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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5
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Ngo TD, Huynh T, Moon I, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Choi MS, Yoo WJ. Self-Aligned Top-Gate Structure in High-Performance 2D p-FETs via van der Waals Integration and Contact Spacer Doping. Nano Lett 2023. [PMID: 37983163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The potential of 2D materials in future CMOS technology is hindered by the lack of high-performance p-type field effect transistors (p-FETs). While utilization of the top-gate (TG) structure with a p-doped spacer area offers a solution to this challenge, the design and device processing to form gate stacks pose serious challenges in realization of ideal p-FETs and PMOS inverters. This study presents a novel approach to address these challenges by fabricating lateral p+-p-p+ junction WSe2 FETs with self-aligned TG stacks in which desired junction is formed by van der Waals (vdW) integration and selective oxygen plasma-doping into spacer regions. The exceptional electrostatic controllability with a high on/off current ratio and small subthreshold swing (SS) of plasma doped p-FETs is achieved with the self-aligned metal/hBN gate stacks. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, we construct a PMOS inverter using this device architecture, which exhibits a remarkably low power consumption of approximately 4.5 nW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien Dat Ngo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuyen Huynh
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Inyong Moon
- Quantum Information Research Support Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Centrer for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Min Sup Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jong Yoo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
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Chytrosz-Wrobel P, Golda-Cepa M, Drozdz K, Rysz J, Kubisiak P, Kulig W, Brzychczy-Wloch M, Cwiklik L, Kotarba A. In Vitro and In Silico Studies of Functionalized Polyurethane Surfaces toward Understanding Biologically Relevant Interactions. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6112-6122. [PMID: 37909715 PMCID: PMC10646850 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The solid-aqueous boundary formed upon biomaterial implantation provides a playground for most biochemical reactions and physiological processes involved in implant-host interactions. Therefore, for biomaterial development, optimization, and application, it is essential to understand the biomaterial-water interface in depth. In this study, oxygen plasma-functionalized polyurethane surfaces that can be successfully utilized in contact with the tissue of the respiratory system were prepared and investigated. Through experiments, the influence of plasma treatment on the physicochemical properties of polyurethane was investigated by atomic force microscopy, attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and contact angle measurements, supplemented with biological tests using the A549 cell line and two bacteria strains (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The molecular interpretation of the experimental findings was achieved by molecular dynamics simulations employing newly developed, fully atomistic models of unmodified and plasma-functionalized polyurethane materials to characterize the polyurethane-water interfaces at the nanoscale in detail. The experimentally obtained polar and dispersive surface free energies were consistent with the calculated free energies, verifying the adequacy of the developed models. A 20% substitution of the polymeric chain termini by their oxidized variants was observed in the experimentally obtained plasma-modified polyurethane surface, indicating the surface saturation with oxygen-containing functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Chytrosz-Wrobel
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in
Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Golda-Cepa
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in
Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Drozdz
- Department
of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty
of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical
College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jakub Rysz
- Faculty
of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Kubisiak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in
Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Waldemar Kulig
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Monika Brzychczy-Wloch
- Department
of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty
of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical
College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Cwiklik
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej Kotarba
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in
Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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7
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Wu WY, Wu S, Tjiu WW, Tan HR, Leong FY, Lim PC, Wang S, Jiang W, Ji R, Zhu Q, Bosman M, Yan Q, Aabdin Z. Oxygen Plasma Induced Nanochannels for Creating Bimetallic Hollow Nanocrystals. ACS Nano 2023; 17:17536-17544. [PMID: 37611075 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-based metal catalysts are considered excellent converters in various catalytic reactions, particularly in fuel cell applications. The atomic structure at the nanocrystal surface and the metal interface both influence the catalytic performance, controlling the efficiency of the electrochemical reactions. Here we report the synthesis of Ag/Pt and Ag/Pd core/shell nanocrystals and insight into the formation mechanism of these bimetallic core/shell nanocrystals when undergoing oxygen plasma treatment. We carefully designed the oxidation treatment that determines the structural and compositional evolution. The accelerated oxidation-triggered diffusion of Ag toward the outer metal shell leads to the Kirkendall effect. After prolonged oxygen plasma treatment, most core/shell nanocrystals evolve into hollow spheres. At the same time, a minor fraction of the metal remains unchanged with a well-protected Ag core and a monocrystalline Pt or Pd shell. We hypothesize that the O2 plasma disturbs the Pt or Pd shell surface and introduces active O species that react with the diffused Ag from the inside out. Based on EDX elemental mapping, combined with several electron microscopic techniques, we deduced the formation mechanism of the hollow structures to be as follows: (I) the oxidation of Ag within the Pt or Pd lattice causes a disrupted crystal lattice of Pt or Pd; (II) nanochannels arise at the defect locations on the Pt or Pd shell; (III) the remaining Ag atoms pass through these nanochannels and leave a hollow crystal behind. Our findings deepen the understanding of interface dynamics of bimetallic nanostructured catalysts under an oxidative environment and unveil an alternative approach for catalyst pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ya Wu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sida Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, #03-09 EA, Singapore 117575, Republic of Singapore
| | - Weng Weei Tjiu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hui Ru Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Fong Yew Leong
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, Connexis, #16-16, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Poh Chong Lim
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Suxi Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wenbin Jiang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Rong Ji
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Republic of Singapore
| | - Michel Bosman
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, #03-09 EA, Singapore 117575, Republic of Singapore
| | - Qingyu Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zainul Aabdin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
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Kato K, Sugawara H, Taniguchi J. Large-Scale Moth-Eye-Structured Roll Mold Fabrication Using Sputtered Glassy Carbon Layer and Transferred Moth-Eye Film Characterization. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:nano13101591. [PMID: 37242008 DOI: 10.3390/nano13101591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is high demand for the development of a highly mass-producible technology for manufacturing moth-eye-structured films with an antireflection function. Conventional moth-eye-structured films have been produced by roll-to-roll (RTR) ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL) using porous alumina, but the process of manufacturing the roll mold with aluminum is both complicated and time-consuming. To solve this problem, we proposed a sputtering process for forming a thin film of glassy carbon on a roll substrate and fabricated a moth-eye structure through the irradiation of oxygen plasma. A glassy carbon (GC) moth-eye-structure roll mold with a uniform reflectance of less than 0.1% over a length of 1560 mm was fabricated following this method. In addition, a superhydrophobic moth-eye-structured film was produced by RTR UV-NIL using the proposed roll mold, which exhibited a reflectance of 0.1%. In this study, a moth-eye-structure roll using porous alumina was compared with a film transferred from it. The GC moth-eye-structure roll mold was found to be superior in terms of antireflection, water repellency, and productivity. When the proposed large-area GC moth-eye-structured film was applied to window glass, significant anti-reflection and water-repellent functionalities were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kato
- Geomatec Co., Ltd., Yokohama Landmark Tower, 9th Floor, 2-2-1 Minato Mirai, Nishi-ku, Yokohama 231-0022, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugawara
- Geomatec Co., Ltd., Yokohama Landmark Tower, 9th Floor, 2-2-1 Minato Mirai, Nishi-ku, Yokohama 231-0022, Japan
| | - Jun Taniguchi
- Department of Applied Electronics, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijyuku, Katsushika, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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9
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Lazauskas A, Andrulevičius M, Abakevičienė B, Jucius D, Grigaliūnas V, Guobienė A, Meškinis Š. Hydrophilic Surface Modification of Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon Nanocomposite Films via Atmospheric Oxygen Plasma Treatment. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:1108. [PMID: 36986002 PMCID: PMC10051189 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein we investigated hydrophilic surface modification of SiOx containing amorphous hydrogenated carbon nanocomposite films (DLC:SiOx) via the use of atmospheric oxygen plasma treatment. The modified films exhibited effective hydrophilic properties with complete surface wetting. More detailed water droplet contact angle (CA) measurements revealed that oxygen plasma treated DLC:SiOx films maintained good wetting properties with CA of up to 28 ± 1° after 20 days of aging in ambient air at room temperature. This treatment process also increased surface root mean square roughness from 0.27 nm to 1.26 nm. Analysis of the surface chemical states suggested that the hydrophilic behavior of DLC:SiOx treated with oxygen plasma is attributed to surface enrichment with C-O-C, SiO2, and Si-Si chemical bonds as well as significant removal of hydrophobic Si-CHx functional groups. The latter functional groups are prone to restoration and are mainly responsible for the increase in CA with aging. Possible applications of the modified DLC:SiOx nanocomposite films could include biocompatible coatings for biomedical applications, antifogging coatings for optical components, and protective coatings to prevent against corrosion and wear.
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10
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Jiménez-Robles R, Izquierdo M, Martínez-Soria V, Martí L, Monleón A, Badia JD. Stability of Superhydrophobicity and Structure of PVDF Membranes Treated by Vacuum Oxygen Plasma and Organofluorosilanisation. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:314. [PMID: 36984700 PMCID: PMC10054235 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes were obtained by a surface treatment consisting of oxygen plasma activation followed by functionalisation with a mixture of silica precursor (SiP) (tetraethyl-orthosilicate [TEOS] or 3-(triethoxysilyl)-propylamine [APTES]) and a fluoroalkylsilane (1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane), and were benchmarked with coated membranes without plasma activation. The modifications acted mainly on the surface, and the bulk properties remained stable. From a statistical design of experiments on surface hydrophobicity, the type of SiP was the most relevant factor, achieving the highest water contact angles (WCA) with the use of APTES, with a maximum WCA higher than 155° for membranes activated at a plasma power discharge of 15 W during 15 min, without membrane degradation. Morphological changes were observed on the membrane surfaces treated under these plasma conditions, showing a pillar-like structure with higher surface porosity. In long-term stability tests under moderate water flux conditions, the WCA of coated membranes which were not activated by oxygen plasma decreased to approximately 120° after the first 24 h (similar to the pristine membrane), whilst the WCA of plasma-treated membranes was maintained around 130° after 160 h. Thus, plasma pre-treatment led to membranes with a superhydrophobic performance and kept a higher hydrophobicity after long-term operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Jiménez-Robles
- Research Group in Materials Technology and Sustainability (MATS), Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Valencia, Avda. Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Marta Izquierdo
- Research Group in Materials Technology and Sustainability (MATS), Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Valencia, Avda. Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Soria
- Research Group in Materials Technology and Sustainability (MATS), Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Valencia, Avda. Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Laura Martí
- Decarbonisation Department, Plastic Technology Institute (AIMPLAS), C/Gustave Eiffel 4, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Alicia Monleón
- Decarbonisation Department, Plastic Technology Institute (AIMPLAS), C/Gustave Eiffel 4, 46980 Paterna, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - José David Badia
- Research Group in Materials Technology and Sustainability (MATS), Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Valencia, Avda. Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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11
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Tony A, Badea I, Yang C, Liu Y, Wang K, Yang SM, Zhang W. A Preliminary Experimental Study of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-To-PDMS Bonding Using Oxygen Plasma Treatment Incorporating Isopropyl Alcohol. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36850290 DOI: 10.3390/polym15041006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a widely used material for soft lithography and microfabrication. PDMS exhibits some promising properties suitable for building microfluidic devices; however, bonding PDMS to PDMS and PDMS to other materials for multilayer structures in microfluidic devices is still challenging due to the hydrophobic nature of the surface of PDMS. This paper presents a simple yet effective method to increase the bonding strength for PDMS-to-PDMS using isopropyl alcohol (IPA). The experiment was carried out to evaluate the bonding strength for both the natural-cured and the heat-cured PDMS layer. The results show the effectiveness of our approach in terms of the improved irreversible bonding strength, up to 3.060 MPa, for the natural-cured PDMS and 1.373 MPa for the heat-cured PDMS, while the best bonding strength with the existing method in literature is 1.9 MPa. The work is preliminary because the underlying mechanism is only speculative and open for future research.
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12
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Hadzik J, Jurczyszyn K, Gębarowski T, Trytek A, Gedrange T, Kozakiewicz M, Dominiak M, Kubasiewicz-Ross P, Trzcionka-Szajna A, Szajna E, Simka W. An Experimental Anodized and Low-Pressure Oxygen Plasma-Treated Titanium Dental Implant Surface-Preliminary Report. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36835015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical composition and physical parameters of the implant surface, such as roughness, regulate the cellular response leading to implant bone osseointegration. Possible implant surface modifications include anodization or the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) treatment process that produces a thick and dense oxide coating superior to normal anodic oxidation. Experimental modifications with Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) titanium and titanium alloy Ti6Al4V plates and PEO additionally treated with low-pressure oxygen plasma (PEO-S) were used in this study to evaluate their physical and chemical properties. Cytotoxicity of experimental titanium samples as well as cell adhesion to their surface were assessed using normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) or L929 cell line. Moreover, the surface roughness, fractal dimension analysis, and texture analysis were calculated. Samples after surface treatment have substantially improved properties compared to the reference SLA (sandblasted and acid-etched) surface. The surface roughness (Sa) was 0.59-2.38 µm, and none of the tested surfaces had cytotoxic effect on NHDF and L929 cell lines. A greater cell growth of NHDF was observed on the tested PEO and PEO-S samples compared to reference SLA sample titanium.
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13
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Wang C, Li Y, Jin Y, Guo G, Song Y, Huang H, He H, Wang A. One-Step Synergistic Treatment Approach for High Performance Amorphous InGaZnO Thin-Film Transistors Fabricated at Room Temperature. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:3481. [PMID: 36234608 PMCID: PMC9565279 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous InGaZnO (a-InGaZnO) is currently the most prominent oxide semiconductor complement to low-temperature polysilicon for thin-film transistor (TFT) applications in next-generation displays. However, balancing the transmission performance and low-temperature deposition is the primary obstacle in the application of a-InGaZnO TFTs in the field of ultra-high resolution optoelectronic display. Here, we report that a-InGaZnO:O TFT prepared at room temperature has high transport performance, manipulating oxygen vacancy (VO) defects through an oxygen-doped a-InGaZnO framework. The main electrical properties of a-InGaZnO:O TFTs included high field-effect mobility (µFE) of 28 cm2/V s, a threshold voltage (Vth) of 0.9 V, a subthreshold swing (SS) of 0.9 V/dec, and a current switching ratio (Ion/Ioff) of 107; significant improvements over a-InGaZnO TFTs without oxygen plasma. A possible reason for this is that appropriate oxygen plasma treatment and room temperature preparation technology jointly play a role in improving the electrical performance of a-InGaZnO TFTs, which could not only increase carrier concentration, but also reduce the channel-layer surface defects and interface trap density of a-InGaZnO TFTs. These provides a powerful way to synergistically boost the transport performance of oxide TFTs fabricated at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Wang
- School of Science, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- School of Science, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Yebo Jin
- School of Science, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Gangying Guo
- School of Science, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Yongle Song
- School of Science, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Nonferrous Metals and Featured Material, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Han He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Nonferrous Metals and Featured Material, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Aolin Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Nonferrous Metals and Featured Material, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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14
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Ngo TD, Choi MS, Lee M, Ali F, Hassan Y, Ali N, Liu S, Lee C, Hone J, Yoo WJ. Selective Electron Beam Patterning of Oxygen-Doped WSe 2 for Seamless Lateral Junction Transistors. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2202465. [PMID: 35853245 PMCID: PMC9475546 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Surface charge transfer doping (SCTD) using oxygen plasma to form a p-type dopant oxide layer on transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDs) is a promising doping technique for 2D TMDs field-effect transistors (FETs). However, patternability of SCTD is a key challenge to effectively switch FETs. Herein, a simple method to selectively pattern degenerately p-type (p+ )-doped WSe2 FETs via electron beam (e-beam) irradiation is reported. The effect of the selective e-beam irradiation is confirmed by the gate-tunable optical responses of seamless lateral p+ -p diodes. The OFF state of the devices by inducing trapped charges via selective e-beam irradiation onto a desired channel area in p+ -doped WSe2 , which is in sharp contrast to globally p+ -doped WSe2 FETs, is realized. Selective e-beam irradiation of the PMMA-passivated p+ -WSe2 enables accurate control of the threshold voltage (Vth ) of WSe2 devices by varying the pattern size and e-beam dose, while preserving the low contact resistance. By utilizing hBN as the gate dielectric, high-performance WSe2 p-FETs with a saturation current of -280 µA µm-1 and on/off ratio of 109 are achieved. This study's technique demonstrates a facile approach to obtain high-performance TMD p-FETs by e-beam irradiation, enabling efficient switching and patternability toward various junction devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien Dat Ngo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano TechnologySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Korea
| | - Min Sup Choi
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano TechnologySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Korea
| | - Myeongjin Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano TechnologySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Korea
| | - Fida Ali
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano TechnologySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Korea
| | - Yasir Hassan
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano TechnologySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Korea
| | - Nasir Ali
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano TechnologySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Korea
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Changgu Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano TechnologySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Korea
- School of Mechanical EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐do16419South Korea
| | - James Hone
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Won Jong Yoo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano TechnologySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Korea
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15
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Primc G, Mozetič M. Hydrophobic Recovery of Plasma-Hydrophilized Polyethylene Terephthalate Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122496. [PMID: 35746070 PMCID: PMC9227887 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen plasma is widely used for enhancing the wettability of numerous polymers, including polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The treatment with plasma containing oxygen will cause surface functionalization with polar functional groups, which will, in turn, improve the wettability. However, the exact mechanisms leading to the hydrophilic or even super-hydrophilic surface finish are still insufficiently explored. The wettability obtained by plasma treatment is not permanent, since the hydrophobic recovery is usually reported. The mechanisms of hydrophobic recovery are reviewed and explained. Methods for suppressing this effect are disclosed and explained. The recommended treatment which assures stable hydrophilicity of PET samples is the treatment with energetic ions and/or vacuum ultraviolet radiation (VUV). The influence of various plasma species on the formation of the highly hydrophilic surface finish and stability of adequate wettability of PET materials is discussed.
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16
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Xu N, Peng W, Lv L, Xu P, Wang C, Li J, Luo W, Zhou L. Oxygen-Plasma-Induced Hetero-Interface NiFe 2O 4/NiMoO 4 Catalyst for Enhanced Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:3688. [PMID: 35629714 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen is an effective method for solving the rapid consumption of fossil fuel resources and the problem of global warming. The key to its success is to design an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst with efficient conversion and reliable stability. Interface engineering is one of the most effective approaches for adjusting local electronic configurations. Adding other metal elements is also an effective way to enrich active sites and improve catalytic activity. Herein, high-valence iron in a heterogeneous interface of NiFe2O4/NiMoO4 composite was obtained through oxygen plasma to achieve excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability. In particular, 270 mV of overpotential is required to reach a current density of 50 mA cm−2, and the overpotential required to reach 500 mA cm−2 is only 309 mV. The electron transfer effect for high-valence iron was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The fast and irreversible reconstruction and the true active species in the catalytic process were identified by in situ Raman, ex situ XPS, and ex situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. This work provides a feasible design guideline to modify electronic structures, promote a metal to an active oxidation state, and thus develop an electrocatalyst with enhanced OER performance.
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17
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Jiang B, Liu W, Ren Z, Guo R, Huang Y, Xu C, Kang F. Oxygen Plasma Modified Carbon Cloth with C=O Zincophilic Sites as a Stable Host for Zinc Metal Anodes. Front Chem 2022; 10:899810. [PMID: 35572102 PMCID: PMC9096248 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.899810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are currently receiving widespread attention due to their merits of environmental-friendly properties, high safety, and low cost. However, the absence of stable zinc metal anodes severely restricts their potential applications. In this work, we demonstrate a simple oxygen plasma treatment method to modify the surface state of carbon cloth to construct an ideal substrate for zinc deposition to solve the dendrite growth problem of zinc anodes. The plasma treated carbon cloth (PTCC) electrode has lower nucleation overpotential and uniformly distributed C=O zincophilic nucleation sites, facilitating the uniform nucleation and subsequent homogeneous deposition of zinc. Benefiting from the superior properties of PTCC substrate, the enhanced zinc anodes demonstrate low voltage hysteresis (about 25 mV) and stable zinc plating/stripping behaviors (over 530 h lifespan) at 0.5 mA cm-2 with 15% depth of discharge (DOD). Besides, an extended cycling lifespan of 480 h can also be achieved at very high DOD of 60%. The potential application of the enhanced zinc anode is also confirmed in Zn|V10O24·12H2O full cell. The cells with Zn@PTCC electrode demonstrate remarkable rate capability and excellent cycling stability (95.0% capacity retention after 500 cycles).
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozheng Jiang
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenbao Liu
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhilong Ren
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rongsheng Guo
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongfeng Huang
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengjun Xu
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Chengjun Xu, ; Feiyu Kang,
| | - Feiyu Kang
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China,State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Chengjun Xu, ; Feiyu Kang,
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18
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Lee J, Kim J, Kim CS, Jo S. Compact SnO 2/Mesoporous TiO 2 Bilayer Electron Transport Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated at Low Process Temperature. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:718. [PMID: 35215047 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Charge transport layers have been found to be crucial for high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). SnO2 has been extensively investigated as an alternative material for the traditional TiO2 electron transport layer (ETL). The challenges facing the successful application of SnO2 ETLs are degradation during the high-temperature process and voltage loss due to the lower conduction band. To achieve highly efficient PSCs using a SnO2 ETL, low-temperature-processed mesoporous TiO2 (LT m-TiO2) was combined with compact SnO2 to construct a bilayer ETL. The use of LT m-TiO2 can prevent the degradation of SnO2 as well as enlarge the interfacial contacts between the light-absorbing layer and the ETL. SnO2/TiO2 bilayer-based PSCs showed much higher power conversion efficiency than single SnO2 ETL-based PSCs.
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19
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Le Bras F, Carré G, Aguemon Y, Colin M, Gellé MP. Inactivation of Enveloped Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Non-Enveloped Porcine Parvovirus Using Low-Pressure Non-Thermal Plasma. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1292. [PMID: 34947823 DOI: 10.3390/life11121292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As the worldwide population has been experiencing since 2020, viruses represent a serious threat to global well-being. To avoid viral transmission through surgery or medical examination, sterilization of medical material is needed. From emerging sterilization processes, the use of non-thermal plasma (NTP) arises as a promising technique to efficiently reduce microbial burden on medical devices, including new complex polymers as thermosensitive ones. Thus, we evaluated the antiviral efficacy of a low-pressure NTP process taking place in a sealed bag. For this purpose, two different plasmas, O2 100% plasma and Ar 80%-O2 20% plasma, were tested against two viruses: the bovine viral diarrhea virus and the porcine parvovirus, surrogates of human hepatitis C virus and human parvovirus B19, respectively. The efficacy of both NTP treatments on viral load can be detected after only five minutes. Moreover, the longer the NTP treatments last, the more the load decreases. The most effective load reduction was obtained with a 120-min O2 plasma treatment inducing a minimum of four-log viral load reduction. So, this process demonstrated strong virucidal capacity inside a sealed bag and represents a very interesting opportunity in the field of fragile medical devices sterilization or disinfection.
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20
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Ahmed Z, Rai R, Kumar R, Maruyama T, Bera C, Bagchi V. Unraveling a Graphene Exfoliation Technique Analogy in the Making of Ultrathin Nickel-Iron Oxyhydroxides@Nickel Foam to Promote the OER. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:55281-55291. [PMID: 34779604 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the major objectives of using the improved Hummers' method was to exfoliate the graphene layers by oxidizing and thereafter reducing them to obtain highly conductive reduced graphene layers, which can be used in the construction of electronic devices or as a part of catalyst composites in energy conversion reactions. Herein, we have employed a similar idea to exfoliate the layered double hydroxide (LDH), which is proposed as a promising material for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysis. Usually, the efficiency of these materials is largely restricted due to their sheetlike morphology, which is susceptible to stacking. In this work, NiFe-LDH sheets were fabricated on nickel foam in a one-step co-precipitation technique and their ultrathin nanosheets (∼2 nm) are obtained by in situ oxygen-plasma-controlled exfoliation. In addition, the oxygen vacancies in exfoliated sheets were generated by a chemical reduction method that further improved the electronic conductivity and overall electrocatalytic performance of the catalyst. This approach can address the limitations of NiFe-LDH, such as poor conductivity and low stability, making it more efficient for electrocatalysis. It is also observed that the catalyst having 60 s O-plasma exposure after chemical reduction, i.e., NiFe-OOHOV, outperformed remaining electrocatalysts and exhibited superior OER activity with a low overpotential of 330 mV to achieve a high current density of 50 mA cm-2. The catalyst also displayed an ECSA-normalized OER overpotential of 288 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 and exhibited excellent long-term stability (120 h) in an alkaline electrolyte. Remarkably, ultrathin defect-rich catalyst continuously produced O2, resulting in a high faradaic efficiency of 98.1% for the OER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Ahmed
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Sector-81, Knowledge City, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Ritu Rai
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Sector-81, Knowledge City, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Rajinder Kumar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Sector-81, Knowledge City, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Takahiro Maruyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Chandan Bera
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Sector-81, Knowledge City, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Vivek Bagchi
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Sector-81, Knowledge City, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
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21
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Morgan K, Bryans A, Brzeszczyński F, Samuel K, Treskes P, Brzeszczyńska J, Morley SD, Hayes PC, Gadegaard N, Nelson LJ, Plevris JN. Oxygen Plasma Substrate and Specific Nanopattern Promote Early Differentiation of HepaRG Progenitors. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 26:1064-1076. [PMID: 32292123 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fully differentiated HepaRG™ cells are the hepatic cell line of choice for in vitro study in toxicology and drug trials. They are derived from a hepatoblast-like progenitor (HepaRG-P) that differentiates into a coculture of hepatocyte-like and cholangiocyte-like cells. This process that requires 2 weeks of proliferation followed by 2 weeks of differentiation using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) can be time consuming and costly. Identifying a method to accelerate HepaRG-Ps toward a mature lineage would save both time and money. The ability to do this in the absence of DMSO would remove the possibility of confounding toxicology results caused by DMSO induction of CYP pathways. It has been shown that tissue culture substrates play an important role in the development and maturity of a cell line, and this is particularly important for progenitor cells, which retain some form of plasticity. Oxygen plasma treatment is used extensively to modify cell culture substrates. There is also evidence that patterned rather than planar surfaces have a positive effect on proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we compared the effect of standard tissue culture plastic (TCP), oxygen plasma coated (OPC), and nanopatterned substrates (NPS) on early differentiation and function of HepaRG-P cells. Since NPS were OPC we initially compared the effect of TCP and OPC to enable comparison between all three culture surfaces using OPC as control to asses if patterning further enhanced early differentiation and functionality. The results show that HepaRG-P's grown on OPC substrate exhibited earlier differentiation, proliferation, and function compared with TCP. Culturing HepaRG-P's on OPC with the addition of NPS did not confer any additional advantage. In conclusion, OPC surface appeared to enhance hepatic differentiation and functionality and could replace traditional methods of differentiating HepaRG-P cells into fully differentiated and functional HepaRGs earlier than standard methods. Impact statement We show significantly earlier differentiation and function of HepaRG progenitor cells when grown in dimethyl sulfoxide-free medium on oxygen plasma substrates versus standard tissue culture plastic. Further investigation showed that nanopatterning of oxygen plasma substrates did not confer any additional advantage over smooth oxygen plasma, although one pattern (DSQ120) showed comparable early differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Morgan
- Hepatology Laboratory, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Bryans
- Hepatology Laboratory, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Filip Brzeszczyński
- Hepatology Laboratory, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kay Samuel
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Advanced Therapeutics, The Jack Copland Centre, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Treskes
- Hepatology Laboratory, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Brzeszczyńska
- Hepatology Laboratory, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Department of Molecular Biophysics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Steven D Morley
- Hepatology Laboratory, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter C Hayes
- Hepatology Laboratory, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaj Gadegaard
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Leonard J Nelson
- Institute for BioEngineering (IBioE), School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - John N Plevris
- Hepatology Laboratory, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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22
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Lien SY, Wang CW, Chen WR, Liu CH, Kang CC, Huang CJ. The Influence of Oxygen Plasma on Methylammonium Lead Iodide (MAPbI 3) Film Doped with Lead Cesium Triiodide (CsPbI 3). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175133. [PMID: 34500566 PMCID: PMC8434561 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the study of organic-inorganic halide perovskite as an optoelectronics material has been a significant line of research, and the power conversion efficiency of solar cells based on these materials has reached 25.5%. However, defects on the surface of the film are still a problem to be solved, and oxygen plasma is one of the ways to passivate surface defects. In order to avoid destroying the methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3), the influence of plasma powers on film was investigated and the cesium triiodide (CsPbI3) quantum dots (QDs) were doped into the film. In addition, it was found that oxygen plasma can enhance the mobility and carrier concentration of the MAPbI3 film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Yang Lien
- School of Opto-Electronic and Communication Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China;
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Da-Yeh University, Dacun, Changhua 51591, Taiwan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Devices, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China
| | - Chi-Wei Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung University Rd., Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Ray Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Formosa University, Wenhua Rd., Yunlin County 632301, Taiwan;
| | - Chuan-Hsi Liu
- Department of Mechatronic Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Heping East Rd., Taipei 10610, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Chieh Kang
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Technology, Nan-Tai Street, Tainan 71105, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Jung Huang
- Department of Applied Physics, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung University Rd., Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-5919475; Fax: +886-7-5919357
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23
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Zhu L, Huang L, Venna SR, Blevins AK, Ding Y, Hopkinson DP, Swihart MT, Lin H. Scalable Polymeric Few-Nanometer Organosilica Membranes with Hydrothermal Stability for Selective Hydrogen Separation. ACS Nano 2021; 15:12119-12128. [PMID: 34254506 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous silica membranes exhibit excellent H2/CO2 separation properties for sustainable H2 production and CO2 capture but are prepared via complicated thermal processes above 400 °C, which prevent their scalable production at a low cost. Here, we demonstrate the rapid fabrication (within 2 min) of ultrathin silica-like membranes (∼3 nm) via an oxygen plasma treatment of polydimethylsiloxane-based thin-film composite membranes at 20 °C. The resulting organosilica membranes unexpectedly exhibit H2 permeance of 280-930 GPU (1 GPU = 3.347 × 10-10 mol m-2 s-1 Pa-1) and H2/CO2 selectivity of 93-32 at 200 °C, far surpassing state-of-the-art membranes and Robeson's upper bound for H2/CO2 separation. When challenged with a 3 d simulated syngas test containing water vapor at 200 °C and a 340 d stability test, the membrane shows durable separation performance and excellent hydrothermal stability. The robust H2/CO2 separation properties coupled with excellent scalability demonstrate the great potential of these organosilica membranes for economic H2 production with minimal carbon emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiang Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, P.O. Box 10940, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, United States
- NETL Support Contractor, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, P.O. Box 10940, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, United States
| | - Liang Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Surendar R Venna
- U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, P.O. Box 10940, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, United States
- NETL Support Contractor, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, P.O. Box 10940, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, United States
| | - Adrienne K Blevins
- Membrane Science, Engineering and Technology Center, Paul M. Rady Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Yifu Ding
- Membrane Science, Engineering and Technology Center, Paul M. Rady Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - David P Hopkinson
- U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, P.O. Box 10940, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, United States
| | - Mark T Swihart
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Haiqing Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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24
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Mokhtari N, Zargar Kharazi A. Blood compatibility and cell response improvement of poly glycerol sebacate/poly lactic acid scaffold for vascular graft applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:2673-2684. [PMID: 34228399 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Plasma surface modification is one of the new methods for improving the surface properties of the scaffold and accelerating tissue regeneration. The aim of this study was to create poly glycerol sebacate/poly lactic acid (PGS/PLA) composite scaffold by electrospun method and modified the scaffold by oxygen plasma for use as a vascular graft. Plasma surface modified PGS/PLA scaffold morphology study showed relatively uniform fibers with an average diameter of 637 ± 149.4 nm and porosity of 82%. The mechanical evaluation of the PGS/PLA scaffold showed properties close to the natural vessels. Atomic force microscopy images exhibited an increase in the roughness of the scaffold after plasma surface modification; however, hemocompatibility studies revealed that it had no adverse effect on blood compatibility. Wettability studies revealed the superhydrophilic property of the modified scaffold (contact angle near to zero). Besides, the human umbilical vein endothelial cells proliferation and adhesion were improved significantly. Obtaining mechanical properties near to the natural vessels due to the suitable composition and significant improvement in blood compatibility and cell growth make the modified PGS/PLA composite a suitable candidate for vascular tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Mokhtari
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Engineering, Islamic Azad University Najafabad Branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Anousheh Zargar Kharazi
- Biomaterials Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering faculty, School of Advanced Medical Technology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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25
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Huang PH, Wang CW, Lien SY, Lee KW, Wang NF, Huang CJ. Investigation of the Stability of Methylammonium Lead Iodide (MAPbI 3) Film Doped with Lead Cesium Triiodide (CsPbI 3) Quantum Dots under an Oxygen Plasma Atmosphere. Molecules 2021; 26:2678. [PMID: 34063657 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe composited perovskite films based on the doping of lead cesium triiodide (CsPbI3) quantum dots (QDs) into methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3). CsPbI3 QDs and MAPbI3 were prepared by ligand-assisted re-precipitation and solution mixing, respectively. These films were optimized by oxygen plasma treatment, and the effect of powers from 0 to 80 W on the structural properties of the composited perovskite films is discussed. The experimental results showed that the light-harvesting ability of the films was enhanced at 20 W. The formation of the metastable state (lead(II) oxide and lead tetroxide) was demonstrated by peak differentiation-imitating. A low power enhanced the quality of the films due to the removal of organic impurities, whereas a high power caused surface damage in the films owing to the severe degradation of MAPbI3.
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26
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Esmail A, Pereira JR, Zoio P, Silvestre S, Menda UD, Sevrin C, Grandfils C, Fortunato E, Reis MAM, Henriques C, Oliva A, Freitas F. Oxygen Plasma Treated-Electrospun Polyhydroxyalkanoate Scaffolds for Hydrophilicity Improvement and Cell Adhesion. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071056. [PMID: 33801747 PMCID: PMC8036702 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHAs) with differing material properties, namely, the homopolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), P(3HB), the copolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), P(3HB-co-3HV), with a 3HV content of 25 wt.% and a medium chain length PHA, and mcl-PHA, mainly composed of 3-hydroxydecanoate, were studied as scaffolding material for cell culture. P(3HB) and P(3HB-co-3HV) were individually spun into fibers, as well as blends of the mcl-PHA with each of the scl-PHAs. An overall biopolymer concentration of 4 wt.% was used to prepare the electrospinning solutions, using chloroform as the solvent. A stable electrospinning process and good quality fibers were obtained for a solution flow rate of 0.5 mL h−1, a needle tip collector distance of 20 cm and a voltage of 12 kV for P(3HB) and P(3HB-co-3HV) solutions, while for the mcl-PHA the distance was increased to 25 cm and the voltage to 15 kV. The scaffolds’ hydrophilicity was significantly increased under exposure to oxygen plasma as a surface treatment. Complete wetting was obtained for the oxygen plasma treated scaffolds and the water uptake degree increased in all treated scaffolds. The biopolymers crystallinity was not affected by the electrospinning process, while their treatment with oxygen plasma decreased their crystalline fraction. Human dermal fibroblasts were able to adhere and proliferate within the electrospun PHA-based scaffolds. The P(3HB-co-3HV): mcl-PHA oxygen plasma treated scaffold highlighted the most promising results with a cell adhesion rate of 40 ± 8%, compared to 14 ± 4% for the commercial oxygen plasma treated polystyrene scaffold AlvetexTM. Scaffolds based on P(3HB-co-3HV): mcl-PHA blends produced by electrospinning and submitted to oxygen plasma exposure are therefore promising biomaterials for the development of scaffolds for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiyah Esmail
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Nova School of Sciences and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.E.); (J.R.P.); (M.A.M.R.)
- ITQB NOVA-Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Nova University Lisbon, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (P.Z.); (A.O.)
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - João R. Pereira
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Nova School of Sciences and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.E.); (J.R.P.); (M.A.M.R.)
| | - Patrícia Zoio
- ITQB NOVA-Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Nova University Lisbon, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (P.Z.); (A.O.)
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sara Silvestre
- CENIMAT/i3N, Materials Science Department, Nova School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (S.S.); (U.D.M.); (E.F.)
| | - Ugur Deneb Menda
- CENIMAT/i3N, Materials Science Department, Nova School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (S.S.); (U.D.M.); (E.F.)
| | - Chantal Sevrin
- CEIB-Interfaculty Research Centre of Biomaterials, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Christian Grandfils
- CEIB-Interfaculty Research Centre of Biomaterials, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Elvira Fortunato
- CENIMAT/i3N, Materials Science Department, Nova School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (S.S.); (U.D.M.); (E.F.)
| | - Maria A. M. Reis
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Nova School of Sciences and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.E.); (J.R.P.); (M.A.M.R.)
| | - Célia Henriques
- CENIMAT/i3N, Physics Department, Nova School of Sciences and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Abel Oliva
- ITQB NOVA-Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Nova University Lisbon, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (P.Z.); (A.O.)
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Filomena Freitas
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Nova School of Sciences and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.E.); (J.R.P.); (M.A.M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-12-1294-8300
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27
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Park S, Kim JE, Han J, Jeong S, Lim JW, Lee MC, Son H, Kim HB, Choung YH, Seonwoo H, Chung JH, Jang KJ. 3D-Printed Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Modified with Alkaline Hydrolysis Enhance Osteogenesis In Vitro. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:257. [PMID: 33466736 PMCID: PMC7830212 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3D-printed bioactive ceramic incorporated Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds show great promise as synthetic bone graft substitutes. However, 3D-printed scaffolds still lack adequate surface properties for cells to be attached to them. In this study, we modified the surface characteristics of 3D-printed poly(ε-caprolactone)/hydroxyapatite scaffolds using O2 plasma and sodium hydroxide. The surface property of the alkaline hydrolyzed and O2 plasma-treated PCL/HA scaffolds were evaluated using field-emission scanning microscopy (FE-SEM), Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining, and water contact angle analysis, respectively. The in vitro behavior of the scaffolds was investigated using human dental pulp-derived stem cells (hDPSCs). Cell proliferation of hDPSCs on the scaffolds was evaluated via immunocytochemistry (ICC) and water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay. Osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs on the scaffolds was further investigated using ARS staining and Western blot analysis. The result of this study shows that alkaline treatment is beneficial for exposing hydroxyapatite particles embedded in the scaffolds compared to O2 plasma treatment, which promotes cell proliferation and differentiation of hDPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangbae Park
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.P.); (S.J.); (J.W.L.); (M.C.L.); (H.S.); (H.B.K.)
| | - Jae Eun Kim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.E.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Jinsub Han
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.E.K.); (J.H.)
- BK21 Global Smart Farm Educational Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Jeong
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.P.); (S.J.); (J.W.L.); (M.C.L.); (H.S.); (H.B.K.)
| | - Jae Woon Lim
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.P.); (S.J.); (J.W.L.); (M.C.L.); (H.S.); (H.B.K.)
| | - Myung Chul Lee
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.P.); (S.J.); (J.W.L.); (M.C.L.); (H.S.); (H.B.K.)
| | - Hyunmok Son
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.P.); (S.J.); (J.W.L.); (M.C.L.); (H.S.); (H.B.K.)
| | - Hong Bae Kim
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.P.); (S.J.); (J.W.L.); (M.C.L.); (H.S.); (H.B.K.)
| | - Yun-Hoon Choung
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Hoon Seonwoo
- Department of Industrial Machinery Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Chung
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.E.K.); (J.H.)
- BK21 Global Smart Farm Educational Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Je Jang
- Division of Agro-System Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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28
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Kang S, Kim YS, Jeong JH, Kwon J, Kim JH, Jung Y, Kim JC, Kim B, Bae SH, Huang PY, Hone JC, Jeong HY, Park JW, Lee CH, Lee GH. Enhanced Photoluminescence of Multiple Two-Dimensional van der Waals Heterostructures Fabricated by Layer-by-Layer Oxidation of MoS 2. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:1245-1252. [PMID: 33356110 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are promising for optoelectronics because of their high optical quantum yield and strong light-matter interaction. In particular, the van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures consisting of monolayer TMDs sandwiched by large gap hexagonal boron nitride have shown great potential for novel optoelectronic devices. However, a complicated stacking process limits scalability and practical applications. Furthermore, even though lots of efforts, such as fabrication of vdW heterointerfaces, modification of the surface, and structural phase transition, have been devoted to preserve or modulate the properties of TMDs, high environmental sensitivity and damage-prone characteristics of TMDs make it difficult to achieve a controllable technique for surface/interface engineering. Here, we demonstrate a novel way to fabricate multiple two-dimensional (2D) vdW heterostructures consisting of alternately stacked MoS2 and MoOx with enhanced photoluminescence (PL). We directly oxidized multilayer MoS2 to a MoOx/1 L-MoS2 heterostructure with atomic layer precision through a customized oxygen plasma system. The monolayer MoS2 covered by MoOx showed an enhanced PL intensity 3.2 and 6.5 times higher in average than the as-exfoliated 1 L- and 2 L-MoS2 because of preserved crystallinity and compensated dedoping by MoOx. By using layer-by-layer oxidation and transfer processes, we fabricated the heterostructures of MoOx/MoS2/MoOx/MoS2, where the MoS2 monolayers are separated by MoOx. The heterostructures showed the multiplied PL intensity as the number of embedded MoS2 layers increases because of suppression of the nonradiative trion formation and interlayer decoupling between stacked MoS2 layers. Our work shows a novel way toward the fabrication of 2D material-based multiple vdW heterostructures and our layer-by-layer oxidation process is beneficial for the fabrication of high performance 2D optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojung Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, and Department of Integrative Energy Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Junyoung Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jong Hun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yeonjoon Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jong Chan Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Bumho Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sang Hyun Bae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Pinshane Y Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - James C Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Hu Young Jeong
- UNIST Central Research Facilities and Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan44919, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, and Department of Integrative Energy Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Integrative Energy Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Gwan-Hyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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29
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El Mel AA, Mansour SA, Pasha M, Zekri A, Ponraj J, Shetty A, Haik Y. Oxidation of Au/Ag films by oxygen plasma: phase separation and generation of nanoporosity. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2020; 11:1608-1614. [PMID: 33134005 PMCID: PMC7590621 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of Au/Ag alloy thin films using radio-frequency oxygen plasma was studied in this work. It was demonstrated that there is a phase separation occurring between silver and gold. In addition, it was shown that the preferential oxidation of silver resulted in a solid-state diffusion of silver toward the surface where it oxidized and formed nanoporous microspheres. The gold phase remaining in the film exhibited nanoporosity due to the injected vacancies at the metal/silver oxide interface. Based on the scanning transmission electron microscopy analysis coupled with energy dispersive X-ray mapping a mechanism was proposed based on solid-state diffusion and the Kirkendall effect to explain the different steps occurring during the oxidation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Aziz El Mel
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said A Mansour
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mujaheed Pasha
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Atef Zekri
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Janarthanan Ponraj
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Akshath Shetty
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yousef Haik
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Texas A & M University-Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
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30
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Tu T, Zhang Y, Li T, Yu J, Liu L, Wu J, Tan C, Tang J, Liang Y, Zhang C, Dai Y, Han Y, Lai K, Peng H. Uniform High-k Amorphous Native Oxide Synthesized by Oxygen Plasma for Top-Gated Transistors. Nano Lett 2020; 20:7469-7475. [PMID: 32881534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The integration of high-k gate dielectrics with two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting channel materials is essential for high-performance and low-power electronics. However, the conformal deposition of a uniform high-k dielectric with sub-1 nm equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) and high interface quality on high-mobility 2D semiconductors is still challenging. Here, we report a facile approach to synthesize a uniform high-k (εr ∼ 22) amorphous native oxide Bi2SeOx on the high-mobility 2D semiconducting Bi2O2Se using O2 plasma at room temperature. The conformal native oxide can directly serve as gate dielectrics with EOT of ∼0.9 nm, while the original properties of underlying 2D Bi2O2Se is preserved. Furthermore, high-resolution area-selective oxidation of Bi2O2Se is achieved to fabricate discrete electronic components. This facile integration of a high-mobility 2D semiconductor and its high-k native oxide holds high promise for next-generation nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Tu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianran Li
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Lingmei Liu
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials (AMPM) Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jinxiong Wu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Congwei Tan
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jilin Tang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yumin Dai
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Han
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials (AMPM) Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Keji Lai
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hailin Peng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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31
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Soygun K, Tamam E, Dogan A, Keskin S. Does the plasma application time affect the tensile bond strength between PMMA and a silicone-based denture liner? Niger J Clin Pract 2020; 23:1266-1273. [PMID: 32913167 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_692_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Aims This study evaluated the effect of oxygen plasma and argon plasma treatments with different application times on tensile bonding of a silicone-based denture liner to polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA). Methods Seven groups (n = 5) were prepared and six of them treated by argon plasma or oxygen plasma with 30s, 60s, and 120s, respectively; one group was left untreated served as control. After processing of denture liner, the specimens were deflasked and stored dry for 24 h, and they were then subjected to tensile bond strength testing. Differences in tensile bond strength values were determined using one-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). Results Highest tensile bond strengths were observed in the oxygen plasma groups, followed by untreated group and argon plasma groups in turn in order. Tensile bond strenght were increased with time for both type of plasma applications tested. Conclusion This study suggests that the adhesion between PMMA and denture liner is improved under conditions of oxygen plasma treatment with extended exposure time rather than argon plasma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Soygun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Cukurova University, Faculty of Dentistry, Adana, Turkıye
| | - E Tamam
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gazi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkıye
| | - A Dogan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gazi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkıye
| | - S Keskin
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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Liu X, Qu D, Yuan Y, Sun J, Yoo WJ. Self-Terminated Surface Monolayer Oxidation Induced Robust Degenerate Doping in MoTe 2 for Low Contact Resistance. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:26586-26592. [PMID: 32410440 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We introduce an effective method to degenerately dope MoTe2 by oxidizing its surface into the p-dopant MoOx in oxygen plasma. As a self-terminated process, the oxidation is restricted only in the very top layer, therefore offering us an easy and efficient control. The degenerate p-doping with the hole concentration of 2.5 × 1013 cm-2 can be obtained by applying a ∼300 s O2 plasma treatment. Using the degenerately doped MoTe2, we demonstrate a record low contact resistance of 0.6 kΩ μm for MoTe2. Our measurement highlights an excellent stability for the plasma-doped MoTe2. The doped characteristics are robust with no significant degradation even after a one-year exposure to the air. The oxygen plasma doping technique is compatible with the conventional semiconductor processes, which can be utilized to realize high-performance MoTe2 field-effect transistors (FETs) or tunnel FETs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochi Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Deshun Qu
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano-Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yahua Yuan
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Won Jong Yoo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano-Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
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Sun K, Xiao W, Ye S, Kalfagiannis N, Kiang KS, de Groot CHK, Muskens OL. Embedded Metal Oxide Plasmonics Using Local Plasma Oxidation of AZO for Planar Metasurfaces. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2001534. [PMID: 32419202 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
New methods for achieving high-quality conducting oxide metasurfaces are of great importance for a range of emerging applications from infrared thermal control coatings to epsilon-near-zero nonlinear optics. This work demonstrates the viability of plasma patterning as a technique to selectively and locally modulate the carrier density in planar Al-doped ZnO (AZO) metasurfaces without any associated topographical surface profile. This technique stands in strong contrast to conventional physical patterning which results in nonplanar textured surfaces. The approach can open up a new route to form novel photonic devices with planar metasurfaces, for example, antireflective coatings and multi-layer devices. To demonstrate the performance of the carrier-modulated AZO metasurfaces, two types of devices are realized using the demonstrated plasma patterning. A metasurface optical solar reflector is shown to produce infrared emissivity equivalent to a conventional etched design. Second, a multiband metasurface is achieved by integrating a Au visible-range metasurface on top of the planar AZO infrared metasurface. Independent control of spectral bands without significant cross-talk between infrared and visible functionalities is achieved. Local carrier tuning of conducting oxide films offers a conceptually new approach for oxide-based photonics and nanoelectronics and opens up new routes for integrated planar metasurfaces in optical technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Astronomy and Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Wei Xiao
- Astronomy and Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Sheng Ye
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Nikolaos Kalfagiannis
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Kian Shen Kiang
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - C H Kees de Groot
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Otto L Muskens
- Astronomy and Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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Kim JH, Jin JH, Min NK. Enhanced Stability and Amplified Signal Output of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube-Based NH 3-Sensitive Electrode after Dual Plasma Treatment. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:nano10061026. [PMID: 32471170 PMCID: PMC7352858 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pristine nanomaterials are normally prepared using finely controlled fabrication processes. Because no imperfect nanostructure remains, they cannot be used directly as electrode substrates of functional devices. This is because perfectly organized nanostructures or nanomaterials commonly require posttreatment to generate intentionally, the kinds of desirable defects inside or on their surfaces that enable effective functionalization. Plasma treatment is an easier, simpler and more widely used way (relative to other methods) to modify a variety of nanomaterials, although plasma-functionalized nano surfaces commonly have a short lifetime. We present herein a dual plasma treatment (DPT) that significantly enhances the degree and lifetime of plasma-induced surface functional groups on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The DPT process consists of two individually optimized oxygen-plasma treatments. The DPT-modified SWCNT functioned as a sensing material for ammonia gas for more than a month. It also provided more than three times the degree of functionality for amplified signal output than with a single-plasma-treated SWCNT electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Hyub Kim
- Department of Nanomechatronics Engineering, Pusan University, Busan, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Joon-Hyung Jin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyonggi University, 154-42 Gwanggyosna-ro Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16227, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-H.J.); (N.K.M.)
| | - Nam Ki Min
- Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-H.J.); (N.K.M.)
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Du H, Yang W, Yi W, Sun Y, Yu N, Wang J. Oxygen-Plasma-Assisted Enhanced Acetone-Sensing Properties of ZnO Nanofibers by Electrospinning. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:23084-23093. [PMID: 32339460 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this Article, ZnO nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning. The as-prepared ZnO electrospun fibers were treated with plasma. The morphology, structure, and element content of the ZnO nanofibers greatly changed after treatment with different plasmas. The test results indicated that the acetone-sensing performance was remarkably improved for oxygen-plasma-assisted ZnO nanofibers. Furthermore, the density function theory (DFT) calculation results revealed that the acetone adsorption energy of ZnO nanofibers treated with oxygen plasma was 2 times greater than that of untreated ZnO nanofibers, and the electrons transferred between ZnO nanofibers and acetone molecules produced a more remarkable change in electronic structure for the oxygen-plasma-treated ZnO nanofibers. Our work demonstrates that the oxygen plasma treatment method can help improve the acetone-sensing performance of ZnO nanofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Du
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
- Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wen Yang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Wencai Yi
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science, School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Yanhui Sun
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
- Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Naisen Yu
- College of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
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Nam J, Kim JH, Kim CS, Kwon JD, Jo S. Surface Engineering of Low-Temperature Processed Mesoporous TiO 2 via Oxygen Plasma for Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:12648-12655. [PMID: 32078285 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A major problem in the application of mesoporous TiO2 as an electron transport layer for flexible perovskite solar cells is that a high-temperature sintering process is required to remove organic additives from the TiO2 layer. A facile oxygen plasma process is herein demonstrated to fabricate mesoporous-structured perovskite solar cells with significant photovoltaic performance at low temperatures. When the low-temperature processed TiO2 layer is modified via oxygen plasma, the organic additives in the TiO2 layer that hinder the charge transport process are successfully decomposed. The oxygen plasma treatment improves the wettability and infiltration of the perovskite layer and also passivates the oxygen vacancy related traps in TiO2. Hence, the oxygen plasma treatment evidently enhances charge extraction and transport, thereby improving photovoltaic performance and decreasing hysteresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoon Nam
- School of Architectural, Civil, Environmental, and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwondaero, Sungsan-Gu, Changwon, Gyeongnam 51508, Korea
| | - Chang Su Kim
- Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwondaero, Sungsan-Gu, Changwon, Gyeongnam 51508, Korea
| | - Jung-Dae Kwon
- Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwondaero, Sungsan-Gu, Changwon, Gyeongnam 51508, Korea
| | - Sungjin Jo
- School of Architectural, Civil, Environmental, and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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Wieland F, Bruch R, Bergmann M, Partel S, Urban GA, Dincer C. Enhanced Protein Immobilization on Polymers-A Plasma Surface Activation Study. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E104. [PMID: 31947987 PMCID: PMC7023393 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last years, polymers have gained great attention as substrate material, because of the possibility to produce low-cost sensors in a high-throughput manner or for rapid prototyping and the wide variety of polymeric materials available with different features (like transparency, flexibility, stretchability, etc.). For almost all biosensing applications, the interaction between biomolecules (for example, antibodies, proteins or enzymes) and the employed substrate surface is highly important. In order to realize an effective biomolecule immobilization on polymers, different surface activation techniques, including chemical and physical methods, exist. Among them, plasma treatment offers an easy, fast and effective activation of the surfaces by micro/nanotexturing and generating functional groups (including carboxylic acids, amines, esters, aldehydes or hydroxyl groups). Hence, here we present a systematic and comprehensive plasma activation study of various polymeric surfaces by optimizing different parameters, including power, time, substrate temperature and gas composition. Thereby, the highest immobilization efficiency along with a homogenous biomolecule distribution is achieved with a 5-min plasma treatment under a gas composition of 50% oxygen and nitrogen, at a power of 1000 W and a substrate temperature of 80 °C. These results are also confirmed by different surface characterization methods, including SEM, XPS and contact angle measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Wieland
- Laboratory for Sensors, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (F.W.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (G.A.U.)
| | - Richard Bruch
- Laboratory for Sensors, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (F.W.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (G.A.U.)
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bergmann
- Laboratory for Sensors, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (F.W.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (G.A.U.)
| | - Stefan Partel
- Research Center of Microtechnology, Vorarlberg University of Applied Sciences, Dornbirn 6850, Austria;
| | - Gerald A. Urban
- Laboratory for Sensors, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (F.W.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (G.A.U.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Can Dincer
- Laboratory for Sensors, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (F.W.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (G.A.U.)
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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38
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Cho G, Cha HY, Kim H. Influence of Oxygen-Plasma Treatment on In-Situ SiN/AlGaN/GaN MOSHEMT with PECVD SiO 2 Gate Insulator. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E3968. [PMID: 31795462 DOI: 10.3390/ma12233968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The influence of oxygen-plasma treatment on in situ SiN/AlGaN/GaN MOS high electron mobility transistor with SiO2 gate insulator was investigated. Oxygen-plasma treatment was performed on in situ SiN, before SiO2 gate insulator was deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). DC I-V characteristics were not changed by oxygen plasma treatment. However, pulsed I-V characteristics were improved, showing less dispersion compared to non-treated devices. During short-term gate bias stress, the threshold voltage shift was also smaller in a treated device than in an untreated one. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy also revealed that SiO2 on in situ SiN with oxygen-plasma treatment has an O/Si ratio close to the theoretical value. This suggests that the oxygen plasma treatment-modified surface condition of the SiN layer is favorable to SiO2 formation by PECVD.
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Inthanon K, Janvikul W, Ongchai S, Chomdej S. Intrinsic Cellular Responses of Human Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells Influenced by O 2-Plasma-Modified and Unmodified Surface of Alkaline-Hydrolyzed 2D and 3D PCL Scaffolds. J Funct Biomater 2019; 10:E52. [PMID: 31752199 PMCID: PMC6963654 DOI: 10.3390/jfb10040052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL), a hydrophobic-degradable polyester, has been widely investigated and extensively developed, to increase the biocompatibility for tissue engineering. This research was the first trial to evaluate the intrinsic biological responses of human Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hWJMSCs) cultured on alkaline hydrolysis and low-pressure oxygen plasma modified 2D and 3D PCL scaffolds, without adding any differentiation inducers; this has not been reported before. Four types of the substrate were newly established: 2D plasma-treated PCL (2D-TP), 2D non-plasma-treated PCL (2D-NP), 3D plasma-treated PCL (3D-TP), and 3D non-plasma-treated PCL (3D-NP). Physicochemical characterization revealed that only plasma-treated PCL scaffolds significantly increased the hydrophilicity and % oxygen/carbon ratio on the surfaces. The RMS roughness of 3D was higher than 2D conformation, whilst the plasma-treated surfaces were rougher than the non-plasma treated ones. The cytocompatibility test demonstrated that the 2D PCLs enhanced the initial cell attachment in comparison to the 3Ds, indicated by a higher expression of focal adhesion kinase. Meanwhile, the 3Ds promoted cell proliferation and migration as evidence of higher cyclin-A expression and filopodial protrusion, respectively. The 3Ds potentially protected the cell from apoptosis/necrosis but also altered the pluripotency/differentiation-related gene expression. In summary, the different configuration and surface properties of PCL scaffolds displayed the significant potential and effectiveness for facilitating stem cell growth and differentiation in vitro. The cell-substrate interactions on modified surface PCL may provide some information which could be further applied in substrate architecture for stem cell accommodation in cell delivery system for tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewalin Inthanon
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Lampang 52190, Thailand
| | - Wanida Janvikul
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Siriwan Ongchai
- Thailand Excellence Centre for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry and the Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Siriwadee Chomdej
- Center of Excellence in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Holc M, Primc G, Iskra J, Titan P, Kovač J, Mozetič M, Junkar I. Effect of Oxygen Plasma on Sprout and Root Growth, Surface Morphology and Yield of Garlic. Plants (Basel) 2019; 8:E462. [PMID: 31671537 DOI: 10.3390/plants8110462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Depending on the climate, garlic can be planted either in the fall or spring for a harvest in the summer, but spring planting might require the strengthening of the plant by external techniques. We have used low pressure, inductively coupled, radio frequency oxygen plasma for the treatment of peeled garlic cloves of a spring-planted Slovenian autochthonous cultivar. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of plasma treatment on garlic clove shoot and root growth and, ultimately, the yield. The roles of surface chemistry, surface morphology, and water uptake in these effects were also evaluated. The plasma treatment of cloves induced increases in water uptake. The increases were explained by changes in surface morphology that were determined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Nanostructured epicuticular wax structures appeared at the cuticle surface. The optimal treatment parameters accelerated root growth, but not shoot growth, in a laboratory setting. After growth in the field, the trends indicated that plant height and dried bulb mass increase, but the improvements were not statistically significant.
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Abstract
Additive manufacturing with two-photon polymerization (TPP) has opened new opportunities for the rapid fabrication of 3D structures with sub-micrometer resolution, but there are still many fabrication constraints associated with this technique. This study details a postprocessing method utilizing oxygen-plasma etching to increase the capabilities of TPP. Underutilized precision in the typical fabrication process allows this subtractive technique to dramatically reduce the minimum achievable feature size. Moreover, since the postprocessing occurs in a dry environment, high aspect ratio features that cannot survive the typical fabrication route can also be achieved. Finally, it is shown that the technique also provides a pathway to realize structures that otherwise are too delicate to be fabricated with TPP, as it enables to introduce temporary support material that can be removed with the plasma. As such, the proposed approach grants access to a massively expanded design domain, providing new capabilities that are long sought in many fields, including optics, biology, robotics, and solid mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Gross
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Katia Bertoldi
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Kavli Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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Salapare HS, Balbarona JA, Clerc L, Bassoleil P, Zenerino A, Amigoni S, Guittard F. Cupric Oxide Nanostructures from Plasma Surface Modification of Copper. Biomimetics (Basel) 2019; 4:biomimetics4020042. [PMID: 31242664 PMCID: PMC6631021 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics4020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Taking inspiration from the hydrophilic and superhydrophilic properties observed from the nanostructures present on the leaves of plants such as Alocasia odora, Calathea zebrina, and Ruelia devosiana, we were able to synthesize cupric oxide (CuO) nanostructures from the plasma surface modification of copper (Cu) that exhibits hydrophilic and superhydrophilic properties. The Cu sheets were exposed to oxygen plasma produced from the P300 plasma device (Alliance Concept, Cran-Gevrier, France) at varying power, irradiation times, gas flow rates, and pulsing duty cycles. The untreated and plasma-treated Cu sheets were characterized by contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to determine the changes in the surface of Cu before and after plasma treatment. Results showed that plasma-treated Cu sheets exhibited enhanced wetting properties compared to untreated Cu. We attributed the decrease in the measured water contact angles after plasma treatment to increased surface roughness, formation of CuO nanostructures, and transformation of Cu to either CuO2 or Cu2O3. The presence of the CuO nanostructures on the surface of Cu is very useful in terms of its possible applications, such as: (1) in antimicrobial and anti-fouling tubing; (2) in the improvement of heat dissipation devices, such as microfluidic cooling systems and heat pipes; and (3) as an additional protection to Cu from further corrosion. This study also shows the possible mechanisms on how CuO, CuO2, and Cu2O3 were formed from Cu based on the varying the plasma parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernando S Salapare
- Université Côte d'Azur, NICE Lab, IMREDD, 06100 Nice, France.
- Faculty of Education, University of the Philippines Open University, Los Baños 4030, Laguna, Philippines.
| | - Juvy A Balbarona
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines.
| | - Léo Clerc
- Université Côte d'Azur, NICE Lab, IMREDD, 06100 Nice, France.
| | | | - Arnaud Zenerino
- Université Côte d'Azur, NICE Lab, IMREDD, 06100 Nice, France.
| | - Sonia Amigoni
- Université Côte d'Azur, NICE Lab, IMREDD, 06100 Nice, France.
| | - Frédéric Guittard
- Université Côte d'Azur, NICE Lab, IMREDD, 06100 Nice, France.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Materials Science and Engineering Building, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Dago AI, Ryu YK, Palomares FJ, Garcia R. Direct Patterning of p-Type-Doped Few-layer WSe 2 Nanoelectronic Devices by Oxidation Scanning Probe Lithography. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:40054-40061. [PMID: 30418740 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Direct, robust, and high-resolution patterning methods are needed to downscale the lateral size of two-dimensional materials to observe new properties and optimize the overall processing of these materials. In this work, we report a fabrication process where the initial microchannel of a few-layer WSe2 field-effect transistor is treated by oxygen plasma to form a self-limited oxide layer on top of the flake. This thin oxide layer has a double role here. First, it induces the so-called p-doping effect in the device. Second, it enables the fabrication of oxide nanoribbons with controlled width and depth by oxidation scanning probe lithography (o-SPL). After the removal of the oxides by deionized H2O etching, a nanoribbon-based field-effect transistor is produced. Oxidation SPL is a direct writing technique that minimizes the use of resists and lithographic steps. We have applied this process to fabricate a 5 nm thick WSe2 field-effect transistor, where the channel consists in an array of 5 parallel 350 nm half-pitch nanoribbons. The electrical measurements show that the device presents an improved conduction level compared to the starting thin-layer transistor and a positive threshold voltage shift associated to the p-doping treatment. The method enables to pattern devices with sub-50 nm feature sizes. We have patterned an array of 10 oxide nanowires with 36 nm half-pitch by oxidation SPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Dago
- Materials Science Factory , Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC , c/Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz 3 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Y K Ryu
- Materials Science Factory , Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC , c/Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz 3 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - F J Palomares
- Materials Science Factory , Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC , c/Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz 3 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - R Garcia
- Materials Science Factory , Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC , c/Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz 3 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
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Zhang S, Stolterfoht M, Armin A, Lin Q, Zu F, Sobus J, Jin H, Koch N, Meredith P, Burn PL, Neher D. Interface Engineering of Solution-Processed Hybrid Organohalide Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:21681-21687. [PMID: 29856202 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Engineering the interface between the perovskite absorber and the charge-transporting layers has become an important method for improving the charge extraction and open-circuit voltage ( VOC) of hybrid perovskite solar cells. Conjugated polymers are particularly suited to form the hole-transporting layer, but their hydrophobicity renders it difficult to solution-process the perovskite absorber on top. Herein, oxygen plasma treatment is introduced as a simple means to change the surface energy and work function of hydrophobic polymer interlayers for use as p-contacts in perovskite solar cells. We find that upon oxygen plasma treatment, the hydrophobic surfaces of different prototypical p-type polymers became sufficiently hydrophilic to enable subsequent perovskite junction processing. In addition, the oxygen plasma treatment also increased the ionization potential of the polymer such that it became closer to the valance band energy of the perovskite. It was also found that the oxygen plasma treatment could increase the electrical conductivity of the p-type polymers, facilitating more efficient charge extraction. On the basis of this concept, inverted MAPbI3 perovskite devices with different oxygen plasma-treated polymers such as P3HT, P3OT, polyTPD, or PTAA were fabricated with power conversion efficiencies of up to 19%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and School of Mathematics and Physics , The University of Queensland , Brisbane 4072 , Australia
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy , University of Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 , D-14476 Potsdam-Golm , Germany
| | - Martin Stolterfoht
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy , University of Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 , D-14476 Potsdam-Golm , Germany
| | - Ardalan Armin
- Department of Physics , Swansea University , Singleton Park , Swansea SA2 8PP , Wales , United Kingdom
| | - Qianqian Lin
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China
| | - Fengshuo Zu
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof , Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , 12489 Berlin , Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Jan Sobus
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and School of Mathematics and Physics , The University of Queensland , Brisbane 4072 , Australia
| | - Hui Jin
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and School of Mathematics and Physics , The University of Queensland , Brisbane 4072 , Australia
| | - Norbert Koch
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof , Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , 12489 Berlin , Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Paul Meredith
- Department of Physics , Swansea University , Singleton Park , Swansea SA2 8PP , Wales , United Kingdom
| | - Paul L Burn
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and School of Mathematics and Physics , The University of Queensland , Brisbane 4072 , Australia
| | - Dieter Neher
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy , University of Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 , D-14476 Potsdam-Golm , Germany
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Khan W, Ajmal HMS, Khan F, Huda NU, Kim SD. Induced Photonic Response of ZnO Nanorods Grown on Oxygen Plasma-Treated Seed Crystallites. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2018; 8:E371. [PMID: 29861429 PMCID: PMC6027046 DOI: 10.3390/nano8060371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We examined the influence of O₂ plasma treatment for the ZnO seed layer (SL) crystallites on the material characteristics of ZnO nanorods (NRs) synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Diode photocurrent and photo-response transient characteristics of the p-Si/n-ZnO-NR heterojunction-based ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors were also examined according to the plasma treatment for the SLs. The superior optical properties of NRs were measured from the photoluminescence by exhibiting 4.6 times greater near-band edge emission when grown on the O₂-plasma-treated SL. The degree of (002) orientation of the NR crystals was improved from 0.67 to 0.95, as revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis, and a higher NR surface density of ~80 rods/μm² with a smaller mean diameter of 65 nm were also observed by the SL modification using plasma-treatment. It was shown by X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy that this improvement of NR crystalline quality was due to the recovery of stoichiometric oxygen with significant reduction of oxygenated impurities in the SL crystals and the subsequent low-energy growth mode for the NRs. UV PDs fabricated by the proposed SL plasma treatment technique showed significantly enhanced UV-to-dark current ratio from 2.0 to 83.7 at a forward bias of +5 V and faster photo-response characteristics showing the reduction in recovery time from 16 s to 9 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Khan
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea.
| | | | - Fasihullah Khan
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea.
| | - Noor Ul Huda
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea.
| | - Sam-Dong Kim
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea.
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Torres-Lagares D, Castellanos-Cosano L, Serrera-Figallo MA, López-Santos C, Barranco A, Rodríguez-González-Elipe A, Gutierrez-Perez JL. In Vitro Comparative Study of Oxygen Plasma Treated Poly(Lactic⁻Co⁻Glycolic) (PLGA) Membranes and Supported Nanostructured Oxides for Guided Bone Regeneration Processes. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:E752. [PMID: 29738457 PMCID: PMC5978129 DOI: 10.3390/ma11050752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The use of physical barriers to prevent the invasion of gingival and connective tissue cells into bone cavities during the healing process is called guided bone regeneration. The objective of this in-vitro study was to compare the growth of human osteoblasts on Poly(Lactic⁻co⁻Glycolic) (PLGA) membranes modified with oxygen plasma and Hydroxyapatite (HA), silicon dioxide (SiO₂), and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) composite nanoparticles, respectively. (2) Methods: All the membranes received a common treatment with oxygen plasma and were subsequently treated with HA nanostructured coatings (n = 10), SiO₂ (n = 10) and TiO₂ (n = 10), respectively and a PLGA control membrane (n = 10). The assays were performed using the human osteoblast line MG-63 acquired from the Center for Scientific Instrumentation (CIC) from the University of Granada. The cell adhesion and the viability of the osteoblasts were analyzed by means of light-field microphotographs of each condition with the inverted microscope Axio Observer A1 (Carl Zeiss). For the determination of the mitochondrial energy balance, the MitoProbe™ JC-1 Assay Kit was employed. For the determination of cell growth and the morphology of adherent osteoblasts, two techniques were employed: staining with phalloidin-TRITC and staining with DAPI. (3) Results: The modified membranes that show osteoblasts with a morphology more similar to the control osteoblasts follow the order: PLGA/PO₂/HA > PLGA/PO₂/SiO₂ > PLGA/PO₂/TiO₂ > PLGA (p < 0.05). When analysing the cell viability, a higher percentage of viable cells bound to the membranes was observed as follows: PLGA/PO₂/SiO₂ > PLGA/PO₂/HA > PLGA/PO₂/TiO₂ > PLGA (p < 0.05), with a better energy balance of the cells adhered to the membranes PLGA/PO₂/HA and PLGA/PO₂/SiO₂. (4) Conclusion: The membrane in which osteoblasts show characteristics more similar to the control osteoblasts is the PLGA/PO₂/HA, followed by the PLGA/PO₂/SiO₂.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carmen López-Santos
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville (CSIC-University of Seville), Américo Vespucio Street nº 49, 41092 Seville, Spain.
| | - Angel Barranco
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville (CSIC-University of Seville), Américo Vespucio Street nº 49, 41092 Seville, Spain.
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Krüger-Genge A, Braune S, Walter M, Krengel M, Kratz K, Küpper JH, Lendlein A, Jung F. Influence of different surface treatments of poly(n-butyl acrylate) networks on fibroblasts adhesion, morphology and viability. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2018; 69:305-316. [PMID: 29660925 DOI: 10.3233/ch-189130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical and chemical characteristics of implant materials determine the fate of long-term cardiovascular devices. However, there is still a lack of fundamental understanding of the molecular mechanisms occurring in the material-tissue interphase. In a previous study, soft covalently crosslinked poly(n-butyl acrylate) networks (cPnBA) were introduced as sterilizable, non-toxic and immuno-compatible biomaterials with mechanical properties adjustable to blood vessels. Here we study the influence of different surface treatments in particular oxygen plasma modification and fibrinogen deposition as well as a combinatorial approach on the adhesion and viability of fibroblasts. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two types of cPnBA networks with Young's moduli of 0.19±0.01 MPa (cPnBA04) and 1.02±0.01 MPa (cPnBA73) were synthesized and post-modified using oxygen plasma treatment (OPT) or fibrinogen coating (FIB) or a combination of both (OPT+FIB). The water contact angles of the differently post-treated cPnBAs were studied to monitor changes in the wettability of the polymer surfaces. Because of the key role of vascular fibroblasts in regeneration processes around implant materials, here we selected L929 fibroblasts as model cell type to explore morphology, viability, metabolic activity, cell membrane integrity as well as characteristics of the focal adhesions and cell cytoskeleton on the cPnBA surfaces. RESULTS Compared to non-treated cPnBAs the advancing water-contact angles were found to be reduced after all surface modifications (p < 0.05, each), while lowest values were observed after the combined surface treatment (OPT+FIB). The latter differed significantly from the single OPT and FIB. The number of adherent fibroblasts and their adherence behavior differed on both pristine cPnBA networks. The fibroblast density on cPnBA04 was 743±434 cells·mm-2, was about 6.5 times higher than on cPnBA73 with 115±73 cells·mm-2. On cPnBA04 about 20% of the cells were visible as very small, round and buckled cells while all other cells were in a migrating status. On cPnBA73, nearly 50% of fibroblasts were visible as very small, round and buckled cells. The surface functionalization either using oxygen plasma treatment or fibrinogen coating led to a significant increase of adherent fibroblasts, particularly the combination of both techniques, for both cPnBA networks. It is noteworthy to mention that the fibrinogen coating overruled the characteristics of the pristine surfaces; here, the fibroblast densities after seeding were identical for both cPnBA networks. Thus, the binding rather depended on the fibrinogen coating than on the substrate characteristics anymore. While the integrity of the fibroblasts membrane was comparable for both polymers, the MTS tests showed a decreased metabolic activity of the fibroblasts on cPnBA. CONCLUSION The applied surface treatments of cPnBA successfully improved the adhesion of viable fibroblasts. Under resting conditions as well as after shearing the highest fibroblast densities were found on surfaces with combined post-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Krüger-Genge
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - S Braune
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - M Walter
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - M Krengel
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - K Kratz
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.,Helmholtz Virtual Institute "Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine", Berlin and Teltow, Germany
| | - J H Küpper
- Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - A Lendlein
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.,Helmholtz Virtual Institute "Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine", Berlin and Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - F Jung
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.,Helmholtz Virtual Institute "Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine", Berlin and Teltow, Germany
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Sanbhal N, Mao Y, Sun G, Li Y, Peerzada M, Wang L. Preparation and Characterization of Antibacterial Polypropylene Meshes with Covalently Incorporated β-Cyclodextrins and Captured Antimicrobial Agent for Hernia Repair. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E58. [PMID: 30966099 PMCID: PMC6415163 DOI: 10.3390/polym10010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP) light weight meshes are commonly used as hernioplasty implants. Nevertheless, the growth of bacteria within textile knitted mesh intersections can occur after surgical mesh implantation, causing infections. Thus, bacterial reproduction has to be stopped in the very early stage of mesh implantation. Herein, novel antimicrobial PP meshes grafted with β-CD and complexes with triclosan were prepared for mesh infection prevention. Initially, PP mesh surfaces were functionalized with suitable cold oxygen plasma. Then, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) was successfully grafted on the plasma-activated PP surfaces. Afterwards, β-CD was connected with the already HDI reacted PP meshes and triclosan, serving as a model antimicrobial agent, was loaded into the cyclodextrin (CD) cavity for desired antibacterial functions. The hydrophobic interior and hydrophilic exterior of β-CD are well suited to form complexes with hydrophobic host guest molecules. Thus, the prepared PP mesh samples, CD-TCL-2 and CD-TCL-6 demonstrated excellent antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli that were sustained up to 11 and 13 days, respectively. The surfaces of chemically modified PP meshes showed dramatically reduced water contact angles. Moreover, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and Thermogravimetric (TGA) evidenced that there was no significant effect of grafted hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and CD on the structural and thermal properties of the PP meshes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Sanbhal
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Room 4023, College of Textiles, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201620, China.
- Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Sindh, Pakistan.
| | - Ying Mao
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Room 4023, College of Textiles, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Gang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Room 4023, College of Textiles, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201620, China.
- Division of Textiles and Clothing, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Room 4023, College of Textiles, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Mazhar Peerzada
- Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Sindh, Pakistan.
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Room 4023, College of Textiles, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201620, China.
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Belić D, Shawrav MM, Bertagnolli E, Wanzenboeck HD. Direct writing of gold nanostructures with an electron beam: On the way to pure nanostructures by combining optimized deposition with oxygen-plasma treatment. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2017; 8:2530-2543. [PMID: 29259868 PMCID: PMC5727840 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a highly effective approach for the chemical purification of directly written 2D and 3D gold nanostructures suitable for plasmonics, biomolecule immobilisation, and nanoelectronics. Gold nano- and microstructures can be fabricated by one-step direct-write lithography process using focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID). Typically, as-deposited gold nanostructures suffer from a low Au content and unacceptably high carbon contamination. We show that the undesirable carbon contamination can be diminished using a two-step process - a combination of optimized deposition followed by appropriate postdeposition cleaning. Starting from the common metal-organic precursor Me2-Au-tfac, it is demonstrated that the Au content in pristine FEBID nanostructures can be increased from 30 atom % to as much as 72 atom %, depending on the sustained electron beam dose. As a second step, oxygen-plasma treatment is established to further enhance the Au content in the structures, while preserving their morphology to a high degree. This two-step process represents a simple, feasible and high-throughput method for direct writing of purer gold nanostructures that can enable their future use for demanding applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domagoj Belić
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, TU Wien, Floragasse 7, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- University of Liverpool, Department of Chemistry, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Mostafa M Shawrav
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, TU Wien, Floragasse 7, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Sensors & Actuator System, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 27–29, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Emmerich Bertagnolli
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, TU Wien, Floragasse 7, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz D Wanzenboeck
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, TU Wien, Floragasse 7, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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50
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Jiang L, Tang Z, Clinton RM, Breedveld V, Hess DW. Two-Step Process To Create "Roll-Off" Superamphiphobic Paper Surfaces. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:9195-9203. [PMID: 28225585 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification of cellulose-based paper, which displays roll-off properties for water and oils (surface tension ≥23.8 mN·m-1) and good repellency toward n-heptane (20.1 mN·m-1), is reported. Droplets of water, diiodomethane, motor oil, hexadecane, and decane all "bead up", i.e., exhibit high contact angles, and roll off the treated surface under the influence of gravity. Unlike widely used approaches that rely on the deposition of nanoparticles or electrospun nanofibers to create superamphiphobic surfaces, our method generates a hierarchical structure as an inherent property of the substrate and displays good adhesion between the film and substrate. The two-step combination of plasma etching and vapor deposition used in this study enables fine-tuning of the nanoscale roughness and thereby facilitates enhanced fundamental understanding of the effect of micro- and nanoscale roughness on the paper wetting properties. The surfaces maintain their "roll-off" properties after dynamic impact tests, demonstrating their mechanical robustness. Furthermore, the superamphiphobic paper has high gas permeability due to pore-volume enhancement by plasma etching but maintains the mechanical flexibility and strength of untreated paper, despite the presence of nanostructures. The unique combination of the chemical and physical properties of the resulting superamphiphobic paper is of practical interest for a range of applications such as breathable and disposable medical apparel, antifouling biomedical devices, antifingerprint paper, liquid packaging, microfluidic devices, and medical testing strips through a simple surface etching plus coating process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jiang
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology , 500 10th Street Northwest, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, United States
| | - Zhenguan Tang
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology , 500 10th Street Northwest, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, United States
| | - Rahmat M Clinton
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Victor Breedveld
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Dennis W Hess
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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