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Jun S, Lee G, Song YB, Lim H, Baeck KH, Lee ES, Kim JY, Kim DW, Park JH, Jung YS. Interlayer Engineering and Prelithiation: Empowering Si Anodes for Low-Pressure-Operating All-Solid-State Batteries. Small 2024:e2309437. [PMID: 38221689 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) anodes, free from the dendritic growth concerns found in lithium (Li) metal anodes, offer a promising alternative for high-energy all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). However, most advancements in Si anodes have been achieved under impractical high operating pressures, which can mask detrimental electrochemo-mechanical issues. Herein, we effectively address the challenges related to the low-pressure operation of Si anodes in ASSBs by introducing an silver (Ag) interlayer between the solid electrolyte layer (Li6 PS5 Cl) and anode and prelithiating the anodes. The Si composite electrodes, consisting of Si/polyvinylidene fluoride/carbon nanotubes, are optimized for suitable mechanical properties and electrical connectivity. Although the impact of the Ag interlayer is insignificant at an exceedingly high operating pressure of 70 MPa, it substantially enhances the interfacial contacts under a practical low operating pressure of 15 MPa. Thus, Ag-coated Si anodes outperform bare Si anodes (discharge capacity: 2430 vs 1560 mA h g-1 ). The robust interfacial contact is attributed to the deformable, adhesive properties and protective role of the in situ lithiated Ag interlayer, as evidenced by comprehensive ex situ analyses. Operando electrochemical pressiometry is used effectively to probe the strong interface for Ag-coated Si anodes. Furthermore, prelithiation through the thermal evaporation deposition of Li metal significantly improves the cycling performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunggoo Jun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Gwanghyun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Yong Bae Song
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Haechannara Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ki Heon Baeck
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Eun Suh Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Dae Woo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jong Hyeok Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
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Li W, Wu H, Verdy C, Costil S, Liao H, Deng S. Study of Low-Pressure Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing: Investigation of Kinematic Spray Parameters on Deposition and Properties. 3D Print Addit Manuf 2023; 10:1260-1271. [PMID: 38116229 PMCID: PMC10726173 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2021.0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Low-pressure cold spray (LPCS) has broadened the application field of cold spray owing to its portability and low cost. For additive manufacturing (AM) based on LPCS (LPCSAM), it is important to investigate the effects of parameters such as temperature and pressure of the gas, stand-off distance, gun traverse speed, and the number of scanning passes of the gun on the deposition and properties. This study aims to determine the optimal kinematic spray parameters for spraying Cu+Al2O3 powder onto an aluminum substrate through LPCS, so as to prepare for the next AM work. The deposition mass, deposition rate, microhardness, and roughness under different spraying conditions were studied. The best spraying effect, with a high deposition rate and without nozzle clogging, was obtained at a nitrogen pressure of 0.9 MPa and a temperature of 400°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Li
- ICB UMR 6303, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UTBM, Belfort, France
| | - Hongjian Wu
- Institute of Materials Technology, Helmut-Schmidt-University/University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christophe Verdy
- ICB UMR 6303, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UTBM, Belfort, France
| | - Sophie Costil
- ICB UMR 6303, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UTBM, Belfort, France
| | - Hanlin Liao
- ICB UMR 6303, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UTBM, Belfort, France
| | - Sihao Deng
- ICB UMR 6303, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UTBM, Belfort, France
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3
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Czorlich P, Schweingruber N, Göttsche J, Mader MM, Westphal M. Acute low-pressure hydrocephalus in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurg Focus 2023; 54:E5. [PMID: 37004138 DOI: 10.3171/2023.1.focus22639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute and chronic hydrocephalus are common pathologies after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Generally, the presence of acute hydrocephalus is associated with elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) treated with a ventricular drain. Subsequently, however, pronounced hydrocephalus without elevated ICP may develop in some patients with SAH in the postacute phase. This is described as acute low-pressure hydrocephalus (aLPH), and there are very limited data in the literature of this pathology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of and factors associated with aLPH and describe its clinical course. METHODS In this retrospective single-center cohort study, the frequency and clinical characteristics of SAH-associated aLPH were investigated. Acute LPH was defined as an increase in ventricular size as measured by the Evans index, ICP within the normal range (< 5 mm Hg) at the time of ventricular enlargement, and timely neurological improvement after indwelling ventricular CSF drainage with negative pressure up to 5 cm H2O below normal level. Demographic and SAH-specific factors in patients with SAH treated using an external ventricular drain were extracted from the electronic medical chart and further analyzed. RESULTS From November 2010 to May 2020, 15 (3.7.%) of 406 patients with SAH fulfilled the criteria for aLPH. Acute LPH was diagnosed after an average of 13.1 ± 7.7 days. The presence of IVH and its extension were associated with the occurrence of aLPH. After undergoing the transient phase of aLPH, these patients subsequently developed a chronic, typical malresorptive hydrocephalus requiring a ventriculoperitoneal shunt more often (66.7% vs 17.4%, p < 0.001) and stayed longer in the intensive care unit (27 vs 20.5 days, p = 0.043) and in the hospital (36.4 vs 26.3 days, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Acute LPH is a rare pathology in patients with SAH and negatively impacts the clinical course. It should be especially considered in patients with a lack of neurological improvement, an increase in ventricular width, and normal ICP values, so that forced CSF drainage is implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nils Schweingruber
- 2Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and
| | | | - Marius M Mader
- Departments of1Neurosurgery and
- 3Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Gayarre Abril P, Beltrán BB, Gascón DH, Ríos JS, Póves VC, Chamorro CB, Gracia MRS, Benito FXE, Baquero GA, Lasfuentes PC, Zuazu JR. Does Time and Size Matter in Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery? Results Analysis Using a Low-Pressure Technique. ARCH ESP UROL 2023; 76:107-113. [PMID: 37139615 DOI: 10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20237602.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Kidney stone disease affects 5% of the population and is associated with non-negligible morbidity. Retrograde intrarenal surgery and percutaneous nephrolithotomy are the treatments of choice. We analyzed the results from our patients who underwent retrograde intrarenal surgery at controlled pressure. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted an observational, descriptive, retrospective study of 403 patients who underwent retrograde intrarenal surgery at the Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa (Zaragoza, Spain) between January 2013 and December 2019. RESULTS The mean surgical time was 111.1 minutes, with a mean stone volume of 3.5 cm3 (maximum volume, 38.3 cm3). A total of 70 patients (17.3%) developed postoperative Clavien-Dindo complications-64 minor (91.4%) and 6 major (8.6%). In addition, 28 patients (6.9%) presented with an early complication (<3 months), with urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis being the most common. The stone-free rate was 69.0%, with a retreatment rate of 4.7%. CONCLUSIONS Sex was statistically significantly related to the onset of minor Clavien postoperative complications (p = 0.001). Similarly, corticosteroid use was associated with the onset of major Clavien complications (p = 0.030). Neither surgical time nor stone volume was found to be statistically significantly related to the onset of Clavien postoperative complications or early complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Gayarre Abril
- Urology Service, University Clinic Hospital "Lozano Blesa", 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Hijazo Gascón
- Urology Service, University Clinic Hospital "Lozano Blesa", 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge Subirá Ríos
- Urology Service, University Clinic Hospital "Lozano Blesa", 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jorge Rioja Zuazu
- Urology Service, University Clinic Hospital "Lozano Blesa", 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Surgery, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Šabacká P, Maxa J, Bayer R, Vyroubal P, Binar T. Slip Flow Analysis in an Experimental Chamber Simulating Differential Pumping in an Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:9033. [PMID: 36501735 PMCID: PMC9740474 DOI: 10.3390/s22239033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the combination of experimental measurements with mathematical-physical analysis during the investigation of flow in an aperture at low pressures in a prepared experimental chamber. In the first step, experimental measurements of the pressure in the specimen chamber and at its outlet were taken during the pumping of the chamber. This process converted the atmospheric pressure into the operating pressure typical for the current AQUASEM II environmental electron microscope at the ISI of the CAS in Brno. Based on these results, a mathematical-physical model was tuned in the Ansys Fluent system and subsequently used for mathematical-physical analysis in a slip flow regime on a nozzle wall at low pressure. These analyses will be used to fine-tune the experimental chamber. Once the chamber is operational, it will be possible to compare the results obtained from the experimental measurements of the nozzle wall pressure, static pressure, total pressure and temperature from the nozzle axis region in supersonic flow with the results obtained from the mathematical-physical analyses. Based on the above comparative analyses, we will be able to determine the realistic slip flow at the nozzle wall under different conditions at the continuum mechanics boundary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Šabacká
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS, Královopolská 147, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Technology, Brno University of Technology, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Maxa
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS, Královopolská 147, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Technology, Brno University of Technology, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Bayer
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Technology, Brno University of Technology, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Vyroubal
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Technology, Brno University of Technology, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Binar
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Technology, Brno University of Technology, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic
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Kung PY, Huang WL, Kao CL, Lin YS, Hung YC, Kao CR. Investigation of Low-Pressure Sn-Passivated Cu-to-Cu Direct Bonding in 3D-Integration. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:7783. [PMID: 36363374 PMCID: PMC9657724 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cu-to-Cu direct bonding plays an important role in three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D IC). However, the bonding process always requires high temperature, high pressure, and a high degree of consistency in height. In this study, Sn is passivated over electroplated copper. Because Sn is a soft material and has a low melting point, a successful bond can be achieved under low temperature and low pressure (1 MPa) without any planarization process. In this experiment, Sn thickness, bonding temperature, and bonding pressure are variables. Three values of thicknesses of Sn, i.e., 1 μm, 800 nm, and 600 nm were used to calculate the minimum value of Sn thickness required to compensate for the height difference. Additionally, the bonding process was conducted at two temperatures, 220 °C and 250 °C, and their optimized parameters with required pressure were found. Moreover, the optimized parameters after the Cu planarization were also investigated, and it was observed that the bonding can succeed under severe conditions as well. Finally, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the adhesion property between different metals and intermetallic compounds (IMCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yu Kung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Li Kao
- Product Characterization, Corporate R&D, Advanced Semiconductor Engineering (ASE) Group, Kaohsiung City 811, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sheng Lin
- Product Characterization, Corporate R&D, Advanced Semiconductor Engineering (ASE) Group, Kaohsiung City 811, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ching Hung
- Product Characterization, Corporate R&D, Advanced Semiconductor Engineering (ASE) Group, Kaohsiung City 811, Taiwan
| | - C. R. Kao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Han YC, Liu ML, Sun L, Li S, Li G, Song WS, Wang YJ, Nan ZA, Ding SY, Liao HG, Yao Y, Stucky GD, Fan FR, Tian ZQ. A general method for rapid synthesis of refractory carbides by low-pressure carbothermal shock reduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121848119. [PMID: 36067324 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121848119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Refractory carbides are attractive candidates for support materials in heterogeneous catalysis because of their high thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability. However, the industrial applications of refractory carbides, especially silicon carbide (SiC), are greatly hampered by their low surface area and harsh synthetic conditions, typically have a very limited surface area (<200 m2 g-1), and are prepared in a high-temperature environment (>1,400 °C) that lasts for several or even tens of hours. Based on Le Chatelier's principle, we theoretically proposed and experimentally verified that a low-pressure carbothermal reduction (CR) strategy was capable of synthesizing high-surface area SiC (569.9 m2 g-1) at a lower temperature and a faster rate (∼1,300 °C, 50 Pa, 30 s). Such high-surface area SiC possesses excellent thermal stability and antioxidant capacity since it maintained stability under a water-saturated airflow at 650 °C for 100 h. Furthermore, we demonstrated the feasibility of our strategy for scale-up production of high-surface area SiC (460.6 m2 g-1), with a yield larger than 12 g in one experiment, by virtue of an industrial viable vacuum sintering furnace. Importantly, our strategy is also applicable to the rapid synthesis of refractory metal carbides (NbC, Mo2C, TaC, WC) and even their emerging high-entropy carbides (VNbMoTaWC5, TiVNbTaWC5). Therefore, our low-pressure CR method provides an alternative strategy, not merely limited to temperature and time items, to regulate the synthesis and facilitate the upcoming industrial applications of carbide-based advanced functional materials.
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Talebi-Anaraki A, Maeno T, Matsubara Y, Ikeda R, Mori KI. Integration of Hot Tube Gas Forming and Die Quenching of Ultra-High Strength Steel Hollow Parts Using Low Pressure Sealed-Air. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15041322. [PMID: 35207859 PMCID: PMC8874987 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A low pressure sealed-air hot tube gas forming process of ultra-high strength steel tubes was developed not only to change the cross-section of the hollow products by bulging but also to increase the strength of components. Gas-formed components are typically formed by a controlled-gas pressure with extremely high internal pressure, which leads to affected production costs and safety. Moreover, compressing the gas with high pressure requires high energy during its preparation. Therefore, to simplify the internal pressure controlling system and improve the safety factor in gas forming processes, the sealed-air tubes are formed with a quite low initial pressure. The pressure of the sealed air increased with increasing temperature of the air inside the resistance-heated tube, and the bulging deformation was controlled only by axial feeding. The effects of the initial pressure and heating temperature on the bulging deformation and quenchability of the tubes, and the effect of the starting time of axial feeding on the bulging behavior were examined. Consequently, ultra-high strength steel bulged parts were produced even in low initial internal pressure and with the rapid heating of the tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Talebi-Anaraki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, and Ocean Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Kanagawa, Japan; (Y.M.); (R.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tomoyoshi Maeno
- Division of Systems Research, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Yuta Matsubara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, and Ocean Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Kanagawa, Japan; (Y.M.); (R.I.)
| | - Ryohei Ikeda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, and Ocean Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Kanagawa, Japan; (Y.M.); (R.I.)
| | - Ken-ichiro Mori
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Aichi, Japan;
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Riba JR, Moreno-Eguilaz M, Boizieau M, Ibrayemov T. Performance Evaluation of Solar-Blind Gas-Filled Sensors to Detect Electrical Discharges for Low-Pressure Aircraft Applications. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:492. [PMID: 35062454 DOI: 10.3390/s22020492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Unpressurized aircraft circuits facilitate the initiation of electrical discharges in wiring systems, with consequent damage to related insulation materials and safety hazards, that can and have already caused severe incidents and accidents. Specific sensors and solutions must be developed to detect these types of faults at a very incipient stage, before further damage occurs. Electrical discharges in air generate the corona effect, which is characterized by emissions of bluish light, which are found in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible spectra. However, due to sunlight interference, the corona effect is very difficult to detect at the very initial stage, so the use of solar-blind sensors can be a possible solution. This work analyzes the feasibility of using inexpensive non-invasive solar-blind sensors in a range of pressures compatible with aircraft environments to detect the electrical discharges at a very incipient stage. Their behavior and sensitivity compared with other alternatives, i.e., an antenna sensor and a CMOS imaging sensor, is also assessed. Experimental results presented in this paper show that the analyzed solar-blind sensors can be applied for the on-line detection of electrical discharges in unpressurized aircraft environments at the very initial stage, thus facilitating and enabling the application of predictive maintenance strategies. They also offer the possibility to be combined with existing electrical protections to expand their capabilities and improve their sensitivity to detect very early discharges, thus allowing the timely identification of their occurrence.
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10
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Puig J, Knödlseder N, Quera J, Algara M, Güell M. DNA Damage Protection for Enhanced Bacterial Survival Under Simulated Low Earth Orbit Environmental Conditions in Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:789668. [PMID: 34970246 PMCID: PMC8713957 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.789668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some organisms have shown the ability to naturally survive in extreme environments, even outer space. Some of these have natural mechanisms to resist severe DNA damage from conditions such as ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, extreme temperatures, and low pressures or vacuum. A good example can be found in Deinococcus radiodurans, which was exposed to severe conditions such as those listed in the Exposure Facility of the International Space Station (ISS) for up to three years. Another example are tardigrades (Ramazzottius varieornatus) which are some of the most resilient animals known. In this study, the survival under simulated Low earth Orbit (LEO) environmental conditions was tested in Escherichia coli. The radiation resistance of this bacteria was enhanced using the Dsup gene from R. varieornatus, and two more genes from D. radiodurans involved in DNA damage repair, RecA and uvrD. The enhanced survival to wide ranges of temperatures and low pressures was then tested in the new strains. This research constitutes a first step in the creation of new bacterial strains engineered to survive severe conditions and adapting existing species for their survival in remote environments, including extra-terrestrial habitats. These strains could be key for the development of environments hospitable to life and could be of use for ecological restoration and space exploration. In addition, studying the efficacy and the functioning of the DNA repair mechanisms used in this study could be beneficial for medical and life sciences engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Puig
- Translational Synthetic Biology Laboratory, Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nastassia Knödlseder
- Translational Synthetic Biology Laboratory, Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Quera
- Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Algara
- Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Güell
- Translational Synthetic Biology Laboratory, Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Grant J, Abernathy G, Olorunsola O, Ojo S, Amoah S, Wanglia E, Saha SK, Sabbar A, Du W, Alher M, Li BH, Yu SQ. Growth of Pseudomorphic GeSn at Low Pressure with Sn Composition of 16.7. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14247637. [PMID: 34947234 PMCID: PMC8705099 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Group-IV alloy GeSn holds great promise for the high-performance optoelectronic devices that can be monolithically integrated on Si for near- and mid-infrared applications. Growth of GeSn using chemical vapor deposition technique with various Sn and Ge precursors has been investigated worldwide. To achieve relatively high Sn incorporation, the use of higher pressure and/or higher order Ge hydrides precursors were reported. In this work, we successfully demonstrated the growth of high-quality GeSn with Sn composition of 16.7% at low pressure of 12 Torr. The alloy was grown using the commercially available GeH4 and SnCl4 precursors via a chemical vapor deposition reactor. Material and optical characterizations were performed to confirm the Sn incorporation and to study the optical properties. The demonstrated growth results reveal a low-pressure growth window to achieve high-quality and high Sn alloys for future device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Grant
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (J.G.); (G.A.); (O.O.); (S.O.); (S.A.); (E.W.); (A.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Grey Abernathy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (J.G.); (G.A.); (O.O.); (S.O.); (S.A.); (E.W.); (A.S.); (M.A.)
- Microelectronics-Photonics Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Oluwatobi Olorunsola
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (J.G.); (G.A.); (O.O.); (S.O.); (S.A.); (E.W.); (A.S.); (M.A.)
- Microelectronics-Photonics Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Solomon Ojo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (J.G.); (G.A.); (O.O.); (S.O.); (S.A.); (E.W.); (A.S.); (M.A.)
- Microelectronics-Photonics Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Sylvester Amoah
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (J.G.); (G.A.); (O.O.); (S.O.); (S.A.); (E.W.); (A.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Emmanuel Wanglia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (J.G.); (G.A.); (O.O.); (S.O.); (S.A.); (E.W.); (A.S.); (M.A.)
- Microelectronics-Photonics Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Samir K. Saha
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Abbas Sabbar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (J.G.); (G.A.); (O.O.); (S.O.); (S.A.); (E.W.); (A.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Physics, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18766, USA;
| | - Murtadha Alher
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (J.G.); (G.A.); (O.O.); (S.O.); (S.A.); (E.W.); (A.S.); (M.A.)
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Kerbala, Kerbala 56001, Iraq
| | - Bao-Hua Li
- Arktonics, LLC, 1339 South Pinnacle Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Shui-Qing Yu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (J.G.); (G.A.); (O.O.); (S.O.); (S.A.); (E.W.); (A.S.); (M.A.)
- Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
- Correspondence:
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12
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Le Bras F, Carré G, Aguemon Y, Colin M, Gellé MP. Inactivation of Enveloped Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Non-Enveloped Porcine Parvovirus Using Low-Pressure Non-Thermal Plasma. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1292. [PMID: 34947823 DOI: 10.3390/life11121292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As the worldwide population has been experiencing since 2020, viruses represent a serious threat to global well-being. To avoid viral transmission through surgery or medical examination, sterilization of medical material is needed. From emerging sterilization processes, the use of non-thermal plasma (NTP) arises as a promising technique to efficiently reduce microbial burden on medical devices, including new complex polymers as thermosensitive ones. Thus, we evaluated the antiviral efficacy of a low-pressure NTP process taking place in a sealed bag. For this purpose, two different plasmas, O2 100% plasma and Ar 80%-O2 20% plasma, were tested against two viruses: the bovine viral diarrhea virus and the porcine parvovirus, surrogates of human hepatitis C virus and human parvovirus B19, respectively. The efficacy of both NTP treatments on viral load can be detected after only five minutes. Moreover, the longer the NTP treatments last, the more the load decreases. The most effective load reduction was obtained with a 120-min O2 plasma treatment inducing a minimum of four-log viral load reduction. So, this process demonstrated strong virucidal capacity inside a sealed bag and represents a very interesting opportunity in the field of fragile medical devices sterilization or disinfection.
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13
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Bas-Calopa P, Riba JR, Moreno-Eguilaz M. Corona Discharge Characteristics under Variable Frequency and Pressure Environments. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21196676. [PMID: 34640996 PMCID: PMC8512045 DOI: 10.3390/s21196676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
More electric aircrafts (MEAs) are paving the path to all electric aircrafts (AEAs), which make a much more intensive use of electrical power than conventional aircrafts. Due to the strict weight requirements, both MEA and AEA systems require to increase the distribution voltage in order to limit the required electrical current. Under this paradigm new issues arise, in part due to the voltage rise and in part because of the harsh environments found in aircrafts systems, especially those related to low pressure and high-electric frequency operation. Increased voltage levels, high-operating frequencies, low-pressure environments and reduced distances between wires pose insulation systems at risk, so partial discharges (PDs) and electrical breakdown are more likely to occur. This paper performs an experimental analysis of the effect of low-pressure environments and high-operating frequencies on the visual corona voltage, since corona discharges occurrence is directly related to arc tracking and insulation degradation in wiring systems. To this end, a rod-to-plane electrode configuration is tested in the 20–100 kPa and 50–1000 Hz ranges, these ranges cover most aircraft applications, so that the corona extinction voltage is experimentally determined by using a low-cost high-resolution CMOS imaging sensor which is sensitive to the visible and near ultraviolet (UV) spectra. The imaging sensor locates the discharge points and the intensity of the discharge, offering simplicity and low-cost measurements with high sensitivity. Moreover, to assess the performance of such sensor, the discharges are also acquired by analyzing the leakage current using an inexpensive resistor and a fast oscilloscope. The experimental data presented in this paper can be useful in designing insulation systems for MEA and AEA applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Bas-Calopa
- Electrical Engineering Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain;
| | - Jordi-Roger Riba
- Electrical Engineering Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-937-398-365
| | - Manuel Moreno-Eguilaz
- Electronics Engineering Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain;
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Kasai M, Sasaki D, Nagata T, Nonomura T, Asai K. Frequency Response of Pressure-Sensitive Paints under Low-Pressure Conditions. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21093187. [PMID: 34064319 PMCID: PMC8125604 DOI: 10.3390/s21093187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of fast-response pressure-sensitive paints (PSPs) in low-pressure conditions were evaluated. Three representative porous binders were investigated: polymer-ceramic PSP (PC-PSP), anodized-aluminum PSP (AA-PSP), and thin-layer chromatography PSP (TLC-PSP). For each PSP, two types of luminophores, Pt(II) meso-tetra (pentafluorophenyl) porphine (PtTFPP) and tris(bathophenanthroline) ruthenium dichloride (Ru(dpp)3), were used as sensor molecules. Pressure sensitivities, temperature sensitivities, and photodegradation rates were measured and evaluated using a pressure chamber. The effect of ambient pressure on the frequency response was investigated using an acoustic resonance tube. The diffusivity coefficients of PSPs were estimated from the measured frequency response and luminescent lifetime, and the governing factor of the frequency response under low-pressure conditions was identified. The results of static calibration show that PC-PSP/PtTFPP, AA-PSP/Ru(dpp)3, and TLC-PSP/PtTFPP have high pressure sensitivities that exceed 4%/kPa under low-pressure conditions and that temperature sensitivity and photodegradation rates become lower as the ambient pressure decreases. Dynamic calibration results show that the dynamic characteristics of PSPs with PtTFPP are dependent on the ambient pressure, whereas those of PSPs with Ru(dpp)3 are not influenced by the ambient pressure. This observation indicates that the governing factor in the frequency response under low-pressure conditions is the lifetime for PC-PSP and TLC-PSP, whereas the governing factor for AA-PSP is diffusion.
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15
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Riba JR, Gómez-Pau Á, Moreno-Eguilaz M. Insulation Failure Quantification Based on the Energy of Digital Images Using Low-Cost Imaging Sensors. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20247219. [PMID: 33339377 PMCID: PMC7766111 DOI: 10.3390/s20247219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Insulation faults in high-voltage applications often generate partial discharges (PDs) accompanied by corona activity, optical radiation mainly in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible bands. Recent developments in low-cost, small-size, and high-resolution visible imaging sensors, which are also partially sensitive to the UV spectral region, are gaining attention due to their many industrial applications. This paper proposes a method for early PD detection by using digital imaging sensors, which allows the severity of insulation faults to be assessed. The electrical power dissipated by the PDs is correlated to the energy of the acquired visible images, and thus, the severity of insulation faults is determined from the energy of the corona effect. A criterion to quantify the severity of insulation faults based on the energy of the corona images is proposed. To this end, the point-to-plane gap configuration is analyzed in a low-pressure chamber, where digital image photographs of the PDs are taken and evaluated under different pressure conditions ranging from 10 to 100 kPa, which cover the typical pressure range of aeronautic applications. The use of digital imaging sensors also allows an early detection, location and quantification of the PD activity, and thus assessing the severity of insulation faults to perform predictive maintenance tasks, while enabling the cost and complexity of the instrumentation to be reduced. Although the approach proposed in this paper has been applied to detect PDs in aeronautic applications, it can be applied to many other high-voltage applications susceptible of PD occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi-Roger Riba
- Electrical Engineering Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Álvaro Gómez-Pau
- Electronics Engineering Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain; (Á.G.-P.); (M.M.-E.)
| | - Manuel Moreno-Eguilaz
- Electronics Engineering Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain; (Á.G.-P.); (M.M.-E.)
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16
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Li C, Dou Z, Ma P, Wang C, Jiang L. Effect of Homogenization at a Lower Pressure on Structural and Functional Properties of Soy Protein Isolate. J Oleo Sci 2020; 69:1417-1426. [PMID: 33132279 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the effects of homogenization at low pressure (1~40 MPa) on structural and functional properties of soy protein isolates (SPI) are investigated. Homogenization at low pressure increase solubility, surface hydrophobicity, emulsification activity and foaming capacity of SPIs, these all functional properties increases and then decreases with the homogenization pressure. Whereas, emulsion stability and foaming stability of SPIs treated by homogenization initially decrease and then increase with homogenization pressure. There is a dramatic decrease in hardness, springiness and cohesiveness of homogenized SPI gels. Generally, homogenization at low pressure do not change the subunit composition of SPIs. It is observed that, when the homogenization pressure is lower than 10 MPa than there is no significant impact on structural change. The content of β-sheet decreased, while unordered structure significantly increased, when the homogenization pressure increased from 10 MPa to 20 MPa. Furthermore, the content of β-sheet increases, when the content of the other structures decreases with the increasing homogenization pressure. The maximum emission wavelength (λmax) for SPIs increases with homogenization pressure increases from 10 Mpa to 20 Mpa, which is attributed to the gradual structural unfolding exposing more hydrophobic residues in protein surface. While, the decreased λmax of SPIs treated with 20 Mpa to 40 Mpa homogenization corresponds to the protein aggregation. It can be deduced that appropriate selection of homogenization pressure is important for improving the functional properties of SPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ping Ma
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University
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17
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Yilmaz G, Kiyak H, Akca A, Salihoglu Z. Low-pressure pulmonary recruitment maneuver: equal to or worse than moderate-pressure pulmonary recruitment maneuver in preventing postlaparoscopic shoulder pain? A randomized controlled trial of 72 patients. Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne 2020; 15:519-25. [PMID: 32904585 DOI: 10.5114/wiitm.2019.89831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The pulmonary recruitment maneuver (PRM) has emerged as an effective way of reducing post-laparoscopic shoulder pain (PLSP). However, the optimal lower pressure level for a PRM to reduce PLSP has not yet been investigated. Aim To compare the efficacy of the low-pressure PRM with moderate-pressure PRM in preventing PLSP. Material and methods Seventy-two ASA I-II patients who were scheduled for gynecologic LS for non-malignant conditions were enrolled in this study. Group 1 included patients who received the PRM at a maximum pressure of 30-40 cm H2O in a semi-Fowler position and group 2 included patients who received the PRM at a maximum pressure of 15 cm H2O in a semi-Fowler position. The primary outcome of the study was the difference in PLSP between the two groups. Results There were no significant differences in PLSP and wound pain VAS scores between patients receiving the PRM at 30 cm H2O and 15 cm H2O during postoperative pain monitoring (p < 0.05). The groups were also similar with respect to ambulation time (p = 0.215), length of hospital stay (p = 0.556) and the height of the pneumoperitoneum measured on chest X-ray (p = 0.151). Conclusions The low-pressure PRM (15 cm H2O pressure) provides similar efficacy as the moderate-pressure PRM (30-40 cm H2O) in terms of PLSP, wound pain, height of pneumoperitoneum, time of ambulation and length of hospital stay. We suggest that lower maximal inspiratory pressure of 15 cm H2O might be preferred to avoid the potential complications of the PRM with higher pressures.
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18
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Jiao L, Yang W, Wan G, Zhang R, Zheng X, Zhou H, Yu SH, Jiang HL. Single-Atom Electrocatalysts from Multivariate Metal-Organic Frameworks for Highly Selective Reduction of CO 2 at Low Pressures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20589-20595. [PMID: 32721058 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) are of great interest because of their ultrahigh activity and selectivity. However, it is difficult to construct model SACs according to a general synthetic method, and therefore, discerning differences in activity of diverse single-atom catalysts is not straightforward. Herein, a general strategy for synthesis of single-atom metals implanted in N-doped carbon (M1 -N-C; M=Fe, Co, Ni and Cu) has been developed starting from multivariate metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The M1 -N-C catalysts, featuring identical chemical environments and supports, provided an ideal platform for differentiating the activity of single-atom metal species. When employed in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction, Ni1 -N-C exhibited a very high CO Faradaic efficiency (FE) up to 96.8 % that far surpassed Fe1 -, Co1 - and Cu1 -N-C. Remarkably, the best-performer, Ni1 -N-C, even demonstrated excellent CO FE at low CO2 pressures, thereby representing a promising opportunity for the direct use of dilute CO2 feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Jiao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Yang
- Department of Power Engineering, School of Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wan
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xusheng Zheng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhou
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Long Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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19
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Sheikhi Z, Hosseini SM, Khani MR, Farhoodi M, Abdolmaleki K, Shokri B, Shojaee-Aliabadi S, Mirmoghtadaie L. Treatment of starch films with a glow discharge plasma in air and O 2 at low pressure. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2020; 27:276-285. [PMID: 32854540 DOI: 10.1177/1082013220948641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of different cold plasma treatments was investigated as a novel method for the modification of starch film properties. The films were prepared from wheat starch using a solvent casting method and then treated with air and O2 glow discharge plasma at different durations (4, 8, and 12 min). A significant increase in the hydrophilicity of the films was observed due to the formation of oxygen-containing groups after plasma treatment. Fourier transform infrared analysis illustrated a decrease in C-H groups that caused an increase in C-O and C-O-C groups in air-treated films and carbonyl groups in O2-treated films. The surface roughness of the treated films increased from 17.6 nm to 22.5 and 20.6 nm after air and O2 treatments, respectively. Plasma treatments decreased oxygen permeability of the films but no significant difference in the water vapor permeability was observed. After plasma treatment, tensile strength of films was improved due to crosslinking and etching at the surface, although elongation at break remains unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhian Sheikhi
- Students' Research Committee, National Nutrition, and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyede Marzieh Hosseini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khani
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farhoodi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadije Abdolmaleki
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Babak Shokri
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Shojaee-Aliabadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Mirmoghtadaie
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Riba JR, Gómez-Pau Á, Moreno-Eguilaz M. Experimental Study of Visual Corona under Aeronautic Pressure Conditions Using Low-Cost Imaging Sensors. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E411. [PMID: 31940780 DOI: 10.3390/s20020411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Visual corona tests have been broadly applied for identifying the critical corona points of diverse high-voltage devices, although other approaches based on partial discharge or radio interference voltage measurements are also widely applied to detect corona activity. Nevertheless, these two techniques must be applied in screened laboratories, which are scarce and expensive, require sophisticated instrumentation, and typically do not allow location of the discharge points. This paper describes the detection of the visual corona and location of the critical corona points of a sphere-plane gap configurations under different pressure conditions ranging from 100 to 20 kPa, covering the pressures typically found in aeronautic environments. The corona detection is made with a low-cost CMOS imaging sensor from both the visible and ultraviolet (UV) spectrum, which allows detection of the discharge points and their locations, thus significantly reducing the complexity and costs of the instrumentation required while preserving the sensitivity and accuracy of the measurements. The approach proposed in this paper can be applied in aerospace applications to prevent the arc tracking phenomenon, which can lead to catastrophic consequences since there is not a clear protection solution, due to the low levels of leakage current involved in the pre-arc phenomenon.
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21
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Fouchard M, Misery L, Le Garrec R, Sigaudo-Roussel D, Fromy B. Alteration of Pressure-Induced Vasodilation in Aging and Diabetes, a Neuro-Vascular Damage. Front Physiol 2019; 10:862. [PMID: 31333501 PMCID: PMC6616153 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is constantly subjected to pressure at different levels. Pressure-induced vasodilation (PIV) is one of the response mechanisms to low pressure that maintains the homeostasis of the skin. PIV results from the interaction of primary afferent nerves and vascular endothelium of skin vessels. Thanks to this cutaneous neuro-vascular interaction, the cutaneous blood flow increase allows the maintenance of an optimal level of oxygenation and minimizes the lack of vascularization of the skin tissue under low pressure. It seems to be associated with the cutaneous protection mechanisms to prevent pressure ulcers. In some contexts, where microangiopathy and neuropathy can occur, such as aging and diabetes, PIV is impaired, leading to a dramatic early decrease in local skin blood flow when low pressure is applied. In aging, PIV alteration is due to endothelial dysfunction, essentially from an alteration of the nitric oxide pathway. In the inflamm-aging context, oxidative stress increases leading to endothelial cell and nerve damages. An age-related sensory neuropathy will exacerbate the alteration of PIV during the aging process. In diabetes, non-controlled hyperglycaemia leads to an increase in several pathological biochemical pathways that involve oxidative stress and can affect PIV. Sorbinil, alagebrium and alpha-lipoic acid are able individually to restore PIV through a possible oxidative stress reduction. Candesartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, is also able to restore PIV and prevent pressure ulcer formation. The possibility of preventing pressure ulcer associated to diabetes and/or aging with the restoration of PIV seems to be a promising research path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Fouchard
- LIEN, F-29200, University of Brest, Brest, France.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Laurent Misery
- LIEN, F-29200, University of Brest, Brest, France.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
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22
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Li W, Li Z, Bertelsmann K, Fan DE. Portable Low-Pressure Solar Steaming-Collection Unisystem with Polypyrrole Origamis. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1900720. [PMID: 31134676 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Solar steaming has emerged as a promising green technology that can address the global issue of scarcity of clean water. However, developing high-performance, cost-effective, and manufacturable solar-steaming materials, and portable solar steaming-collection systems for individuals remains a great challenge. Here, a one-step, low-cost, and mass-producible synthesis of polypyrrole (PPy) origami-based photothermal materials, and an original portable low-pressure controlled solar steaming-collection unisystem, offering synergetic high rates in both water evaporation and steam collection, are reported. Due to enhanced areas for vapor dissipation, the PPy origami improves the water evaporation rate by at least 71% to 2.12 kg m-2 h-1 from that of a planar structure and exhibits a solar-thermal energy conversion efficiency of 91.5% under 1 Sun. When further controlling the pressure to ≈0.17 atm in the steaming-collection unisystem, the water collection rate improves by up to 52% systematically and dramatically. Although partial energy is utilized toward obtaining low-pressure, evaluations show that the overall energy efficiency is improved remarkably in the low-pressure system compared to that in ambient pressure. Furthermore, the device demonstrates effective decontamination of heavy metals, bacteria, and desalination. This work can inspire new paradigms toward developing high-performance solar steaming technologies for individuals and households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigu Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Zheng Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Karina Bertelsmann
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Donglei Emma Fan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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Al-Kouz W, Al-Muhtady A, Owhaib W, Al-Dahidi S, Hader M, Abu-Alghanam R. Entropy Generation Optimization for Rarified Nanofluid Flows in a Square Cavity with Two Fins at the Hot Wall. Entropy (Basel) 2019; 21:e21020103. [PMID: 33266819 PMCID: PMC7514587 DOI: 10.3390/e21020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is utilized to study entropy generation for the rarefied steady state laminar 2-D flow of air-Al2O3 nanofluid in a square cavity equipped with two solid fins at the hot wall. Such flows are of great importance in industrial applications, such as the cooling of electronic equipment and nuclear reactors. In this current study, effects of the Knudsen number (Kn), Rayleigh number (Ra) and the nano solid particle’s volume fraction (ϕ) on entropy generation were investigated. The values of the parameters considered in this work were as follows: 0≤Kn≤0.1, 103≤Ra≤106, 0≤ϕ≤0.2. The length of the fins (LF) was considered to be fixed and equal to 0.5 m, whereas the location of the fins with respect to the lower wall (HF) was set to 0.25 and 0.75 m. Simulations demonstrated that there was an inverse direct effect of Kn on the entropy generation. Moreover, it was found that when Ra was less than 104, the entropy generation, due to the flow, increased as ϕ increases. In addition, the entropy generation due to the flow will decrease at Ra greater than 104 as ϕ increases. Moreover, the entropy generation due to heat will increase as both the ϕ and Ra increase. In addition, a correlation model of the total entropy generation as a function of all of the investigated parameters in this study was proposed. Finally, an optimization technique was adapted to find out the conditions at which the total entropy generation was minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Al-Kouz
- Mechatronics Engineering Department, German Jordanian University, Amman 11180, Jordan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +962-6429-4444 (ext. 4519)
| | - Ahmad Al-Muhtady
- Mechanical and Maintenance Engineering Department, German Jordanian University, Amman 11180, Jordan
| | - Wahib Owhaib
- Mechanical and Maintenance Engineering Department, German Jordanian University, Amman 11180, Jordan
| | - Sameer Al-Dahidi
- Mechanical and Maintenance Engineering Department, German Jordanian University, Amman 11180, Jordan
| | - Montasir Hader
- Aeronautical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Rama Abu-Alghanam
- Energy Engineering Department, German Jordanian University, Amman 11180, Jordan
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Hu J, Chen S, Guo Y, Li L, Deng T. Basic Salt-Lake Brine: An Efficient Catalyst for the Transformation of CO 2 into Quinazoline-2,4(1 H,3 H)-diones. ChemSusChem 2018; 11:4219-4225. [PMID: 30430719 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The efficient transformation of CO2 into value-added chemicals with green, abundant, and cheap catalysts is an interesting and challenging topic in both green and sustainable chemistry. In this study, a series of salt-lake brines were used for the first time to catalyze the reaction of CO2 and a broad range of 2-aminobenzonitriles to form the corresponding quinazoline-2,4(1 H,3 H)-diones. It was found that the abundant, available, and inexpensive Zhabuye basic salt-lake brine could efficiently promote the reaction of 2-aminobenzonitriles under low pressure of CO2 . Very high yields of value-added products were obtained. Further studies indicated that the basic carbonate and borate ions in the brine play key roles in accelerating the reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13 Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Shangqing Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13 Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yafei Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13 Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Long Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13 Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Tianlong Deng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13 Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, P.R. China
- College of Marine and Environmental Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13 Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Hou J, Zhao L, Wang S. Effects of Low Pressure Treatment on the Mortality of Different Life Stages of Indianmeal moth (Plodia interpunctella) and the Quality of Dried Chinese Jujube. Insects 2018; 9:insects9040136. [PMID: 30301206 PMCID: PMC6316476 DOI: 10.3390/insects9040136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low pressure technology is a potential non-chemical method to control insects in agriculture products. The purpose of this study was to determine the tolerance of different life stages of indianmeal moth (Plodia interpunctella) to low pressure and to validate the mortality of P. interpunctella when infesting Chinese jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Miller) using a low pressure system. Results showed that larvae were the most tolerant life stage of P. interpunctella, with a minimum exposure time of 41.4 h at 1.3 kPa and 25 °C to obtain 100% mortality. Pupae were the most susceptible life stage, with a lethal time of 12 h under the above low pressure conditions. The survival ratio of P. interpunctella in jujube decreased with increasing exposure time and reached 0% when the jujubes with P. interpunctella larvae were exposed to low-pressure treatment for 41.6 h at 1.3 kPa and 25 °C. Although the color, moisture, soluble solid, and vitamin C contents were slightly changed, there was no significant quality difference in these factors between control and treated jujubes. The information provided by this study is useful in developing effective non-chemical low-pressure treatments for disinfesting agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncai Hou
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Lushuai Zhao
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Shaojin Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, 213 L.J. Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164-6120, USA.
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Lorek A, Majewski J. Humidity Measurement in Carbon Dioxide with Capacitive Humidity Sensors at Low Temperature and Pressure. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:E2615. [PMID: 30096941 DOI: 10.3390/s18082615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In experimental chambers for simulating the atmospheric near-surface conditions of Mars, or in situ measurements on Mars, the measurement of the humidity in carbon dioxide gas at low temperature and under low pressure is needed. For this purpose, polymer-based capacitive humidity sensors are used; however, these sensors are designed for measuring the humidity in the air on the Earth. The manufacturers provide only the generic calibration equation for standard environmental conditions in air, and temperature corrections of humidity signal. Because of the lack of freely available information regarding the behavior of the sensors in CO2, the range of reliable results is limited. For these reasons, capacitive humidity sensors (Sensirion SHT75) were tested at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in its Martian Simulation Facility (MSF). The sensors were investigated in cells with a continuously humidified carbon dioxide flow, for temperatures between −70 °C and 10 °C, and pressures between 10 hPa and 1000 hPa. For 28 temperature–pressure combinations, the sensor calibration equations were calculated together with temperature–dependent formulas for the coefficients of the equations. The characteristic curves obtained from the tests in CO2 and in air were compared for selected temperature–pressure combinations. The results document a strong cross-sensitivity of the sensors to CO2 and, compared with air, a strong pressure sensitivity as well. The reason could be an interaction of the molecules of CO2 with the adsorption sites on the thin polymeric sensing layer. In these circumstances, an individual calibration for each pressure with respect to temperature is required. The performed experiments have shown that this kind of sensor can be a suitable, lightweight, and relatively inexpensive choice for applications in harsh environments such as on Mars.
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Thomsen M, Fernandez-Pello C, Urban DL, Ruff GA, Olson SL. On Simulating Concurrent Flame Spread in Reduced Gravity by Reducing Ambient Pressure. Proc Combust Inst 2018; 37:3793-3800. [PMID: 31832025 PMCID: PMC6907022 DOI: 10.1016/j.proci.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The flammability of combustible materials in spacecraft environments is of importance for fire safety applications because the environmental conditions can greatly differ from those on earth, and a fire in a spacecraft could be catastrophic. Moreover, experimental testing in spacecraft environments can be difficult and expensive, so using ground-based tests to inform microgravity tests is vital. Reducing buoyancy effects by decreasing ambient pressure is a possible approach to simulate a spacecraft environment on earth. The objective of this work is to study the effect of pressure on material flammability, and by comparison with microgravity data, determine the extent to which reducing pressure can be used to simulate reduced gravity. Specifically, this work studies the effect of pressure and microgravity on upward/concurrent flame spread rates and flame appearance of a burning thin composite fabric made of 75% cotton and 25% fiberglass (Sibal). Experiments in normal gravity were conducted using pressures ranging between 100 and 30 kPa and a forced flow velocity of 20 cm/s. Microgravity experiments were conducted during NASA's Spacecraft Fire Experiment (Saffire), on board of the Orbital Corporation Cygnus spacecraft at 100 kPa and an air flow velocity of 20 cm/s. Results show that reductions of ambient pressure slow the flame spread over the fabric. As pressure is reduced, flame intensity is also reduced. Comparison with the concurrent flame spread rates in microgravity show that similar flame spread rates are obtained at around 30 kPa. The normal gravity and microgravity data is correlated in terms of a mixed convection non-dimensional parameter that describes the heat transferred from the flame to the solid surface. The correlation provides information about the similitudes of the flame spread process in variable pressure and reduced gravity environments, providing guidance for potential on-earth testing for fire safety design in spacecraft and space habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Thomsen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Carlos Fernandez-Pello
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | - Gary A. Ruff
- NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, 44135, USA
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Strauss D, Goldstein J, Hongo-Hirasaki T, Yokoyama Y, Hirotomi N, Miyabayashi T, Vacante D. Characterizing the impact of pressure on virus filtration processes and establishing design spaces to ensure effective parvovirus removal. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:1294-1302. [PMID: 28556575 PMCID: PMC6585929 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Virus filtration provides robust removal of potential viral contaminants and is a critical step during the manufacture of biotherapeutic products. However, recent studies have shown that small virus removal can be impacted by low operating pressure and depressurization. To better understand the impact of these conditions and to define robust virus filtration design spaces, we conducted multivariate analyses to evaluate parvovirus removal over wide ranges of operating pressure, solution pH, and conductivity for three mAb products on Planova™ BioEX and 20N filters. Pressure ranges from 0.69 to 3.43 bar (10.0–49.7 psi) for Planova BioEX filters and from 0.50 to 1.10 bar (7.3 to 16.0 psi) for Planova 20N filters were identified as ranges over which effective removal of parvovirus is achieved for different products over wide ranges of pH and conductivity. Viral clearance at operating pressure below the robust pressure range suggests that effective parvovirus removal can be achieved at low pressure but that Minute virus of mice (MVM) logarithmic reduction value (LRV) results may be impacted by product and solution conditions. These results establish robust design spaces for Planova BioEX and 20N filters where high parvovirus clearance can be expected for most antibody products and provide further understanding of viral clearance mechanisms. © 2017 The Authors Biotechnology Progress published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:1294–1302, 2017
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Strauss
- Asahi Kasei Bioprocess America, Inc., Glenview, IL, 60026
| | | | | | - Yoshiro Yokoyama
- Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8101, Japan
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Hasan MM, Aikins MJ, Schilling W, Phillips TW. Efficacy of Controlled Atmosphere Treatments to Manage Arthropod Pests of Dry-Cured Hams. Insects 2016; 7:E44. [PMID: 27598209 DOI: 10.3390/insects7030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Research here explored the use of controlled atmospheres (CA) for managing arthropod pests that infest dry-cured hams. Experiments were conducted with low oxygen (O2) achieved with low pressure under a vacuum, high carbon dioxide (CO2), and ozone (O3). Results showed that both low O2 and high CO2 levels required exposures up to 144 h to kill 100% of all stages of red-legged ham beetle, Necrobia rufipes (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Cleridae) and ham mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) (Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae) at 23 °C. In addition, both low O2 and high CO2 had no significant mortality against the ham beetle and ham mites at short exposures ranging from 12 to 48 h. Ham beetles were more tolerant than ham mites to an atmosphere of 75.1% CO2 and low pressure of 25 mm Hg, which imposed an atmosphere estimated at 0.9% O2. Both low O2 and high CO2 trials indicated that the egg stages of both species were more tolerant than other stages tested, but N. rufipes eggs and pupae were more susceptible than larvae and adults to high concentration ozone treatments. The results indicate that O3 has potential to control ham beetles and ham mites, particularly at ≈166 ppm in just a 24 h exposure period, but O3 is known from other work to have poor penetration ability, thus it may be more difficult to apply effectively than low O2 or high CO2. would be. CA treatment for arthropod pests of dry-cured hams show promise as components of integrated pest management programs after methyl bromide is no longer available for use.
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Choi JJ, Choi SJ, Yoh JJ. Standoff Detection of Geological Samples of Metal, Rock, and Soil at Low Pressures Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. Appl Spectrosc 2016; 70:1411-1419. [PMID: 27566256 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816664858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Categorized certified reference materials simulating metal, rock, soils, or dusts are used to demonstrate the standoff detection capability of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) at severely low pressure conditions. A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm with 17.2-50 mJ energy per pulse was used to obtain sample signals from a distance of 5.5 m; the detection sensitivity at pressures down to 0.01 torr was also analyzed. The signal intensity response to pressure changes is explained by the ionization energy and electronegativity of elements, and from the estimated full width half-maximum (FWHM) and electron density, the decrease in both background noise and line broadening makes it suitable for low pressure detection using the current standoff LIBS configuration. The univariate analyses further showed high correlation coefficients for geological samples. Therefore, the present work has extended the current state-of-the-art of standoff LIBS aimed at harsh environment detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Jun Choi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Choi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, South Korea
| | - Jack J Yoh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, South Korea
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31
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Yu H, Huang J. Design and Application of a High Sensitivity Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor for Low Pressure Conditions. Sensors (Basel) 2015; 15:22692-704. [PMID: 26371001 PMCID: PMC4610597 DOI: 10.3390/s150922692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a pressure sensor for low pressure detection (0.5 kPa–40 kPa) is proposed. In one structure (No. 1), the silicon membrane is partly etched to form a crossed beam on its top for stress concentration. An aluminum layer is also deposited as part of the beam. Four piezoresistors are fabricated. Two are located at the two ends of the beam. The other two are located at the membrane periphery. Four piezoresistors connect into a Wheatstone bridge. To demonstrate the stress concentrate effect of this structure, two other structures were designed and fabricated. One is a flat membrane structure (No. 2), the other is a structure with the aluminum beam, but without etched silicon (No. 3). The measurement results of these three structures show that the No.1 structure has the highest sensitivity, which is about 3.8 times that of the No. 2 structure and 2.7 times that of the No. 3 structure. They also show that the residual stress in the beam has some backside effect on the sensor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyang Yu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, No.30, South Puzhu Road, Pukou District, Nanjing, 211800, China.
| | - Jianqiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, No.2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210096, China.
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Marchand E, Delpech Y, Thoury A, Letendre I, Sroussi J, Bénifla JL. [How I do… extraperitoneal laparoscopy with constant pressure technique]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 43:166-8. [PMID: 25618538 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Marchand
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France.
| | - Y Delpech
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - A Thoury
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - I Letendre
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - J Sroussi
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - J L Bénifla
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
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Filingeri D, Redortier B, Hodder S, Havenith G. Thermal and tactile interactions in the perception of local skin wetness at rest and during exercise in thermo-neutral and warm environments. Neuroscience 2014; 258:121-30. [PMID: 24269934 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The central integration of thermal (i.e. cold) and mechanical (i.e. pressure) sensory afferents is suggested as to underpin the perception of skin wetness. However, the role of temperature and mechanical inputs, and their interaction, is still unclear. Also, it is unknown whether this intra-sensory interaction changes according to the activity performed or the environmental conditions. Hence, we investigated the role of peripheral cold afferents, and their interaction with tactile afferents, in the perception of local skin wetness during rest and exercise in thermo-neutral and warm environments. Six cold-dry stimuli, characterized by decreasing temperatures [i.e. -4, -8 and -15 °C below the local skin temperature (T(sk))] and by different mechanical pressures [i.e. low pressure (LP): 7 kPa; high pressure (HP): 10 kPa], were applied on the back of 8 female participants (age 21 ± 1 years), while they were resting or cycling in 22 or 33 °C ambient temperature. Mean and local Tsk, thermal and wetness perceptions were recorded during the tests. Cold-dry stimuli produced drops in Tsk with cooling rates in a range of 0.06-0.4 °C/s. Colder stimuli resulted in increasing coldness and in stimuli being significantly more often perceived as wet, particularly when producing skin cooling rates of 0.18 °C/s and 0.35 °C/s. However, when stimuli were applied with HP, local wetness perceptions were significantly attenuated. Wetter perceptions were recorded during exercise in the warm environment. We conclude that thermal inputs from peripheral cutaneous afferents are critical in characterizing the perception of local skin wetness. However, the role of these inputs might be modulated by an intra-sensory interaction with the tactile afferents. These findings indicate that human sensory integration is remarkably multimodal.
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Warlé MC, Berkers AW, Langenhuijsen JF, van der Jagt MF, Dooper PM, Kloke HJ, Pilzecker D, Renes SH, Wever KE, Hoitsma AJ, van der Vliet JA, D'Ancona FCH. Low-pressure pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic donor nephrectomy to optimize live donors' comfort. Clin Transplant 2013; 27:E478-83. [PMID: 23795745 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) has become the gold standard to procure live donor kidneys. As the relationship between donor and recipient loosens, it becomes of even greater importance to optimize safety and comfort of the surgical procedure. Low-pressure pneumoperitoneum has been shown to reduce pain scores after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Live kidney donors may also benefit from the use of low pressure during LDN. To evaluate feasibility and efficacy to reduce post-operative pain, we performed a randomized blinded study. Twenty donors were randomly assigned to standard (14 mmHg) or low (7 mmHg) pressure during LDN. One conversion from low to standard pressure was indicated by protocol due to lack of progression. Intention-to-treat analysis showed that low pressure resulted in a significantly longer skin-to-skin time (149 ± 86 vs. 111 ± 19 min), higher urine output during pneumoperitoneum (23 ± 35 vs. 11 ± 20 mL/h), lower cumulative overall pain score after 72 h (9.4 ± 3.2 vs. 13.5 ± 4.5), lower deep intra-abdominal pain score (11 ± 3.3 vs. 7.5 ± 3.1), and a lower cumulative overall referred pain score (1.8 ± 1.9 vs. 4.2 ± 3). Donor serum creatinine levels, complications, and quality of life dimensions were not significantly different. Our data show that low-pressure pneumoperitoneum during LDN is feasible and may contribute to increase live donors' comfort during the early post-operative phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Warlé
- Division of Vascular- and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Martin GM, Eby RK. Effect of Low Pressures on the Room Temperature Transitions of Polytetrafluoroethylene. J Res Natl Bur Stand A Phys Chem 1968; 72A:467-470. [PMID: 31824107 DOI: 10.6028/jres.072a.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Between approximately 20 and 30 °C at atmospheric pressure, polytetrafluoroethylene exhibits a phase (denoted as IV), which has not been observed in P-V-T measurements at pressures above 108 Nm-2 (1 Kilobar). Data are presented to resolve this phase in the temperature range 0 to 50 °C and the pressure range 0 to 0.686 × 108 Nm-2. The II-IV (20 °C) transition pressure increases with temperature according to the equation P = (-820 + 26.9t + 0.68t 2) × 105 and the IV-I (30 °C) transition according to the equation P = (- 91-57.8t + 1.99t 2) × 105 suggesting a possible triple point near 2.6 × 108 Nm-2 and 54 °C. However, the IV-I transition probably cannot be resolved by volume measurements at pressures above 2 × 108 Nm-2 because its volume of transition is small and the two transitions overlap. The enthalpies of the transitions are calculated for different pressures and some thermodynamic properties of phase IV are determined indirectly. It is shown that, if the effect of volume change is subtracted, random reversals of the hand of the helical conformation of the molecule can account for appreciable fractions of the enthalpy and corresponding entropy change for the combined transitions at atmospheric pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Martin
- Institute for Materials Research, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. 20234
| | - R K Eby
- Institute for Materials Research, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. 20234
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