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Hai T, Ma X, Singh Chauhan B, Mahmoud S, Al-Kouz W, Tong J, Salah B. Techno-economic optimization of a new waste-to-energy plant for electricity, cooling, and desalinated water using various biomass for emission reduction. Chemosphere 2023; 338:139398. [PMID: 37406939 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
A newly developed waste-to-energy system using a biomass combined energy system designed and taken into account for electricity generation, cooling, and freshwater production has been investigated and modeled in this project. The investigated system incorporates several different cycles, such as a biomass waste integrated gasifier-gas turbine cycle, a high-temperature fuel cell, a Rankine cycle, an absorption refrigeration system, and a flash distillation system for seawater desalination. The EES software is employed to perform a basic analysis of the system. They are then transferred to MATLAB software to optimize and evaluate the impact of operational factors. Artificial intelligence is employed to evaluate and model the EES software's analysis output for this purpose. By enhancing the flow rate of fuel from 4 to 6.5 kg/s, the cost rate and energy efficiency are reduced by 51% and increased by 6.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum increment in exergetic efficiency takes place whenever the inlet temperature of the gas turbine rises. According to an analysis of three types of biomasses, Solid Waste possesses the maximum efficiency rate, work output, and expense. Rice Husk, in contrast, has the minimum efficiency, work output, and expense. Additionally, with the change in fuel discharge and gas turbine inlet temperature, the system behavior for all three types of biomasses will be nearly identical. The Pareto front optimization findings demonstrate that the best mode for system performance is an output power of 53,512 kW, a cost of 0.643 dollars per second, and a first law efficiency of 42%. This optimal value occurs for fuel discharge of 5.125 and the maximum inlet temperature for a gas turbine. The rates of water desalination and cooling in this condition are 18.818 kg/s and 2356 kW, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hai
- School of Computer and Information, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, Guizhou, 558000, China; School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang, China; Institute for Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (IBDAAI), Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Xiaoya Ma
- Department of Logistics Management and Engineering, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530023, China.
| | | | - Saleh Mahmoud
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait
| | - Wael Al-Kouz
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait
| | - Jin Tong
- Department of Logistics Management and Engineering, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530023, China.
| | - Bashir Salah
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia.
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Owhaib W, Al-Kouz W. Three-dimensional numerical analysis of flow and heat transfer of bi-directional stretched nanofluid film exposed to an exponential heat generation using modified Buongiorno model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10060. [PMID: 35710647 PMCID: PMC9203795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13351-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat transfer characteristics of copper/water nanofluid flow over a bi-directional stretched film are theoretically studied. The used mathematical model accounts for nanofluid effective dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity. The model of the current study utilizes the modified Buongiorno model to scrutinize the effect of haphazard motion, nanoparticles' thermo-migration, and effective nanofluid properties. 3D flow is driven by having the nanofluid film elongation in two directions. The thermal analysis of the problem considers the nonlinear internal heat source and Newton heating conditions. In modeling the problem, the Prandtl boundary layer approximations are employed. Moreover, the nonlinear problem set of governing equations for investigating the transport of water conveying copper nanoparticles was non-dimensionalized before being treated numerically. The current parametric study investigates the impact of governing parameters on nanoparticles velocities, temperature, and concentration distributions. The presence of copper nanoparticles leads to a higher nanofluid temperature upon heating. The temperature enhances with the nanoparticles Brownian movement and thermo-migration aspects. Furthermore, involving a heat source phenomenon augments the magnitude of the heat transfer rate. Moreover, the velocity ratio factor exhibits decreasing behavior for x-component velocity and increasing behavior for y-component velocity. In conclusion, the study results proved that for larger values of Nb and Nt the temperature is higher. In addition, it is clear from the investigations that the Lewis number and Brownian motion factor decline the nanoparticle concentration field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahib Owhaib
- Department of Mechanical and Maintenance Engineering, German Jordanian University, Amman, 11180, Jordan
| | - Wael Al-Kouz
- Department of Mechanical and Maintenance Engineering, German Jordanian University, Amman, 11180, Jordan.
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Al-Kouz W, Owhaib W. Numerical analysis of Casson nanofluid three-dimensional flow over a rotating frame exposed to a prescribed heat flux with viscous heating. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4256. [PMID: 35277555 PMCID: PMC8917233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates heat transfer characteristics and three-dimensional flow of non-Newtonian Casson nanofluid over a linearly stretching flat surface in the rotating frame of a reference. The current model includes the Buongiorno nanofluid model comprises nanoparticles’ haphazard motion and thermo-migration. It also considered mechanisms for viscous heating and constant heat flux at the boundary. The nonlinear partial differential system modeling includes the non-Newtonian Casson fluid model and the boundary layer approximation. The system governing equations were nondimensionalized and numerically solved. A parametric study was conducted to analyze the significance of dimensionless parameters on velocities, the concentration, temperatures, Nusselt number, friction factors, and Sherwood number. The study reveals that the Casson nanoliquid temperature enhanced significantly due to the mechanisms of haphazard motion and thermo-migration. The momentum layer thickness of nano Casson fluid reduced due to the rotation phenomenon while the thermal layer structure amended notably. In the absence of rotation, there is no transverse velocity. The thermal layer structure is enhanced owing to the viscous heating process. The intense haphazard motion and thermo-migration mechanisms lead to maximum heat transfer rate at the plate. In addition, results show that the Coriolis force strength elevation shows similar axial and transverse velocities behavior. In addition, the nanoparticle concentration is observed higher due to the rotation aspect and Casson fluid parameter. Furthermore, the Casson fluid factor decreases with velocities, but the trend is the opposite for the high Casson fluid factor. The thermal and solute layer thickness growth is due to the nanoparticles’ thermo-diffusion. In conclusion, the larger rotation factor increases the friction factors. The maximum plate heat transfer rate is when higher Nb and Nt are higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Al-Kouz
- Department of Mechanical and Maintenance Engineering, German Jordanian University, Amman, 11180, Jordan.
| | - Wahib Owhaib
- Department of Mechanical and Maintenance Engineering, German Jordanian University, Amman, 11180, Jordan
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Hamad EM, Khaffaf A, Yasin O, Abu El-Rub Z, Al-Gharabli S, Al-Kouz W, Chamkha AJ. Review of Nanofluids and Their Biomedical Applications. j nanofluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jon.2021.1806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Numerous researchers have reported significant improvements in nanofluid (NF) heat transfer (HT), suspension stability, thermal conductivity (TC), and rheological and mass transfer properties. As a result, nanofluids (NFs) play an important role in a variety of applications, including
the health and biomedical engineering industries. The majority of the nanofluids (NFs) literature focuses on analyzing and comprehending the behavior of nanofluid models as heating or cooling mechanisms in various fields. This article represents a comprehensive study on nanofluids (NFs). It
involves commonly used nanoparticles (NPs), magnetic nanofluids (MNFs), thermal conductivity (TC) enhancement, heat transfer (HT) enhancement, nanofluids (NFs) synthesis methods, stability evaluation methods, stability enhancement, nanofluids (NFs) applications in the biomedical field, and
their impact on health and the environment. Nanofluids (NFs) play vital role in biomedical applications. It can be implemented in drug delivery systems, hyperthermia, sterilization processes, bioimaging, lubrication of orthopedic implants, and micro-pumping systems for drugs and hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyad M. Hamad
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Applied Medical Sciences, German Jordanian University, Amman, 11180 Jordan
| | - Aseel Khaffaf
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Applied Medical Sciences, German Jordanian University, Amman, 11180 Jordan
| | - Omar Yasin
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Applied Medical Sciences, German Jordanian University, Amman, 11180 Jordan
| | - Ziad Abu El-Rub
- Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering Department, School of Applied Medical Sciences, German Jordanian University, Amman, 11180 Jordan
| | - Samer Al-Gharabli
- Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering Department, School of Applied Medical Sciences, German Jordanian University, Amman, 11180 Jordan
| | - Wael Al-Kouz
- Mechanical and Maintenance Engineering Department, School of Applied Technical Sciences, German Jordanian University, Amman, 11180 Jordan
| | - Ali J. Chamkha
- Faculty of Engineering, Kuwait College of Science and Technology, Doha District, 35004 Kuwait
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Owhaib W, Basavarajappa M, Al-Kouz W. Author Correction: Radiation effects on 3D rotating flow of Cu‑water nanoliquid with viscous heating and prescribed heat flux using modified Buongiorno model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22454. [PMID: 34764447 PMCID: PMC8586005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01794-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wahib Owhaib
- Department of Mechanical and Maintenance Engineering, German Jordanian University, Amman, 11180, Jordan
| | - Mahanthesh Basavarajappa
- Center for Mathematical Needs, Department of Mathematics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Wael Al-Kouz
- Department of Mechanical and Maintenance Engineering, German Jordanian University, Amman, 11180, Jordan.
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Arani RP, Attia MEH, Al-Kouz W, Afzal A, Athikesavan MM, Sathyamurthy R. Correction to: Energy and exergy efficiency analysis of solar still incorporated with copper plate and phosphate pellets as energy storage material. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:48637. [PMID: 33983611 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14359-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Prasad Arani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Sairam Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600044, India
| | - Mohammed El Hadi Attia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of El Oued, 39000, El Oued, Algeria
| | - Wael Al-Kouz
- Mechanical and Maintenance Engineering Department, German Jordanian University, Amman, 11180, Jordan
| | - Asif Afzal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, P. A. College of Engineering (Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University Belagavi), Mangaluru, 574153, India
| | - Muthu Manokar Athikesavan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 048, India.
| | - Ravishankar Sathyamurthy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Arasur, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Prasad AR, Attia MEH, Al-Kouz W, Afzal A, Athikesavan MM, Sathyamurthy R. Energy and exergy efficiency analysis of solar still incorporated with copper plate and phosphate pellets as energy storage material. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:48628-48636. [PMID: 33913110 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new attempt was made to study the behavior of the conventional solar still (CSS) by adding a black-painted copper plate and phosphate pellets. Therefore, the performance of the three solar stills has been studied and compared. The first is the CSS, and the second is the modified solar still (MSS). The MSS performance was tested using black-coated copper plate (measuring 49 × 49 cm and 0.2 cm thick) with and without phosphate pellets and compared to the CSS in the similar climatic conditions. The results showed that the combination of black coated copper plate and the inclusion of phosphate pellets improved the evaporation rate and daily productivity. During the experiments, yields using black coated copper plate without and with phosphate pellets were 14.96% and 29.53% greater than the CSS. The effectiveness of the CSS, MSS with copper metal plate (MSS-CP), and MSS with copper metal plate with phosphate pellets (MSS-CP and PP) are around 30.23, 35.3, and 41.44%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arani Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Sairam Engineering College, Chennai, 600044, India
| | - Mohammed El Hadi Attia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of El Oued, 39000, El Oued, Algeria
| | - Wael Al-Kouz
- Mechanical and Maintenance Engineering Department, German Jordanian University, 11180, Amman, Jordan
| | - Asif Afzal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, P. A. College of Engineering (Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University Belagavi), Mangaluru, 574153, India
| | - Muthu Manokar Athikesavan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 048, India.
| | - Ravishankar Sathyamurthy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Arasur, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Al-Farhany K, Al-dawody MF, Hamzah DA, Al-Kouz W, Said Z. Numerical investigation of natural convection on Al2O3–water porous enclosure partially heated with two fins attached to its hot wall: under the MHD effects. Appl Nanosci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01855-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Attia MEH, Muthu Manokar A, Kabeel AE, Driss Z, Sathyamurthy R, Al-Kouz W. Comparative study of a conventional solar still with different basin materials using exergy analysis. DWT 2021; 224:55-64. [DOI: 10.5004/dwt.2021.27173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Al-Kouz W, Al-Muhtady A, Owhaib W, Al-Dahidi S, Hader M, Abu-Alghanam R. Entropy Generation Optimization for Rarified Nanofluid Flows in a Square Cavity with Two Fins at the Hot Wall. Entropy (Basel) 2019; 21:e21020103. [PMID: 33266819 PMCID: PMC7514587 DOI: 10.3390/e21020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is utilized to study entropy generation for the rarefied steady state laminar 2-D flow of air-Al2O3 nanofluid in a square cavity equipped with two solid fins at the hot wall. Such flows are of great importance in industrial applications, such as the cooling of electronic equipment and nuclear reactors. In this current study, effects of the Knudsen number (Kn), Rayleigh number (Ra) and the nano solid particle’s volume fraction (ϕ) on entropy generation were investigated. The values of the parameters considered in this work were as follows: 0≤Kn≤0.1, 103≤Ra≤106, 0≤ϕ≤0.2. The length of the fins (LF) was considered to be fixed and equal to 0.5 m, whereas the location of the fins with respect to the lower wall (HF) was set to 0.25 and 0.75 m. Simulations demonstrated that there was an inverse direct effect of Kn on the entropy generation. Moreover, it was found that when Ra was less than 104, the entropy generation, due to the flow, increased as ϕ increases. In addition, the entropy generation due to the flow will decrease at Ra greater than 104 as ϕ increases. Moreover, the entropy generation due to heat will increase as both the ϕ and Ra increase. In addition, a correlation model of the total entropy generation as a function of all of the investigated parameters in this study was proposed. Finally, an optimization technique was adapted to find out the conditions at which the total entropy generation was minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Al-Kouz
- Mechatronics Engineering Department, German Jordanian University, Amman 11180, Jordan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +962-6429-4444 (ext. 4519)
| | - Ahmad Al-Muhtady
- Mechanical and Maintenance Engineering Department, German Jordanian University, Amman 11180, Jordan
| | - Wahib Owhaib
- Mechanical and Maintenance Engineering Department, German Jordanian University, Amman 11180, Jordan
| | - Sameer Al-Dahidi
- Mechanical and Maintenance Engineering Department, German Jordanian University, Amman 11180, Jordan
| | - Montasir Hader
- Aeronautical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Rama Abu-Alghanam
- Energy Engineering Department, German Jordanian University, Amman 11180, Jordan
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Al-Kouz W, Alshare A, Alkhalidi A, Kiwan S. Two dimensional analysis of low pressure flows in the annulus region between two concentric cylinders. Springerplus 2016; 5:529. [PMID: 27186493 PMCID: PMC4844588 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A numerical simulation of the steady two-dimensional laminar natural convection heat transfer for the gaseous low-pressure flows in the annulus region between two concentric horizontal cylinders is carried out. This type of flow occurs in “evacuated” solar collectors and in the receivers of the solar parabolic trough collectors. A finite volume code is used to solve the coupled set of governing equations. Boussinesq approximation is utilized to model the buoyancy effect. A correlation for the thermal conductivity ratio (kr = keff/k) in terms of Knudsen number and the modified Rayleigh number is proposed for Prandtl number (Pr = 0.701). It is found that as Knudsen number increases then the thermal conductivity ratio decreases for a given Rayleigh number. Also, it is shown that the thermal conductivity ratio kr increases as Rayleigh number increases. It appears that there is no consistent trend for varying the dimensionless gap spacing between the inner and the outer cylinder (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\overline{{L_{g} }}$$\end{document}Lg¯) on the thermal conductivity ratio (kr) for the considered spacing range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Al-Kouz
- Mechatronics Engineering Department, German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Aiman Alshare
- Mechanical and Maintenance Engineering Department, German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ammar Alkhalidi
- Energy Engineering Department, German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Suhil Kiwan
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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