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Wang T, Yao H, Hong M. Determining the depth of insertion of dynamically invisible membrane peptides by gel-phase ¹H spin diffusion heteronuclear correlation NMR. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2013; 56:139-148. [PMID: 23606274 PMCID: PMC3700645 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-013-9730-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state NMR determination of the depth of insertion of membrane peptides and proteins has so far utilized (1)H spin diffusion and paramagnetic relaxation enhancement experiments, which are typically conducted in the liquid-crystalline phase of the lipid bilayer. For membrane proteins or peptide assemblies that undergo intermediate-timescale motion in the liquid-crystalline membrane, these approaches are no longer applicable because the protein signals are broadened beyond detection. Here we show that the rigid-solid HETCOR experiment, with an additional spin diffusion period, can be used to determine the depth of proteins in gel-phase lipid membranes, where the proteins are immobilized to give high-intensity solid-state NMR spectra. Demonstration on two membrane peptides with known insertion depths shows that well-inserted peptides give rise to high lipid cross peak intensities and low water cross peaks within a modest spin diffusion mixing time, while surface-bound peptides have higher water than lipid cross peaks. Furthermore, well-inserted membrane peptides have nearly identical (1)H cross sections as the lipid chains, indicating equilibration of the peptide and lipid magnetization. Using this approach, we measured the membrane topology of the α-helical fusion peptide of the paramyxovirus, PIV5, in the anionic POPC/POPG membrane, in which the peptide undergoes intermediate-timescale motion at physiological temperature. The gel-phase HETCOR spectra indicate that the α-helical fusion peptide is well inserted into the POPC/POPG bilayer, spanning both leaflets. This insertion motif gives insight into the functional role of the α-helical PIV5 fusion peptide in virus-cell membrane fusion.
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Pian S, Duan L, Zhu Y, Hong M, Zhang R, Zhang S, Liu P, Lu H, Wu H, Qiu H, Li J. P-289 Effect of low-dose cytarabine and aclarubicin in combination with decitabine on the outcome of patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(13)70336-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kuo CC, Liu WR, Lin BH, Hsieh WF, Hsu CH, Lee WC, Hong M, Kwo J. Vertical-cavity and randomly scattered lasing from different thicknesses of epitaxial ZnO films grown on Y₂O₃-buffered Si (111). OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:1857-1864. [PMID: 23389170 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.001857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Two different types of lasing modes, vertical Fabry-Perot cavity and random lasing, were observed in ZnO epi-films of different thicknesses grown on Si (111) substrates. Under optical excitation at room temperature by a frequency tripled Nd:YVO₄ laser with wavelength of 355 nm, the lasing thresholds are low due to high crystalline quality of the ZnO epitaxial films, which act as microresonators. For the thick ZnO layer (1,200 nm), its lasing action is originated from the random scattering due to the high density of crack networks developed in the thick ZnO film. However, the low crack density of the thin film (555 nm) fails to provide feedback loops essential for random scattering. Nevertheless, even the lower threshold lasing is achieved by the Fabry-Perot cavity formed by two interfaces of the thin ZnO film. The associated lasing modes of the thin ZnO film can be characterized as the transverse Gaussian modes attributed to the smooth curved surfaces.
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Tang N, Deng R, Wang Y, Lin M, Li H, Qiu Y, Hong M, Zhou G. GSTM1 and GSTT1 null polymorphisms and susceptibility to anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury: a meta-analysis [Review article]. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2013; 17:17-25. [DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.12.0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Grkovic S, O'Reilly VC, Han S, Hong M, Baxter RC, Firth SM. IGFBP-3 binds GRP78, stimulates autophagy and promotes the survival of breast cancer cells exposed to adverse microenvironments. Oncogene 2012; 32:2412-20. [PMID: 22751133 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the established role of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) as a growth inhibitor in vitro, a high level of IGFBP-3 in breast tumor tissue is associated with the stimulation of xenograft growth in mice and poor prognosis in patients. To understand the contribution of IGFBP-3 to breast cancer progression, tandem affinity purification was used to identify novel interacting proteins. The endoplasmic reticulum protein, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), was shown to bind to IGFBP-3, confirmed by colocalization, coimmunoprecipitations, glutathione S-transferase (GST) pulldowns and a nanomolar binding affinity. GST pulldowns also indicated that the GRP78 ATPase domain mediated the interaction with IGFBP-3. The critical roles of GRP78 in the unfolded protein response and macroautophagy led to an investigation of possible links between IGFBP-3, GRP78 and cellular stress responses. IGFBP-3 was found to stimulate the survival of breast cancer cells subjected to glucose starvation and hypoxia. Pharmacological inhibitors and small interfering RNA knockdown established that the increased survival of IGFBP-3-expressing cells was dependent on an intact autophagy response, as well as GRP78. The contribution of autophagy was confirmed by the demonstration that IGFBP-3 expression increases both the formation of autophagic puncta and flux through the system. In conclusion, we have shown that IGFBP-3 stimulates autophagy and thereby promotes the survival of breast cancer cells exposed to conditions that represent the adverse microenvironments encountered by solid tumor cells in vivo.
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Choi J, Se-Young O, Lee D, Tak S, Hong M, Park SM, Cho B, Park M. Characteristics of diet patterns in metabolically obese, normal weight adults (Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 2005). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22:567-574. [PMID: 21186103 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2009] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Metabolically obese normal weight (MONW) subjects are a subgroup of individuals who have a normal weight and body mass index (BMI), but exhibit obesity-related abnormalities. The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and characteristics of diet patterns in MONW Koreans. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed the data of 3050 adults > 20 years of age with a normal BMI (18.5~24.9 kg/m(2)) obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Anthropometric measurements and information on health behaviors were obtained. The diagnostic criteria for MetS were defined by the International Diabetes Federation consensus. Dietary intake was assessed by the 24-h recall method. The weighted prevalence of MONW was 14.3%. The risk of MONW correlated inversely with the frequency of snacking and positively with the type of snack, particularly those with high carbohydrates. A high carbohydrate diet (≥73.9% of energy intake) compared to a low carbohydrate diet (<59.9% of energy intake) was positively associated with the risk of MONW (OR = 2.54; 95% CI: 1.41, 4.56), whereas a high protein diet (≥17.1% of energy intake) compared to a low protein diet (<12.2% of energy intake) reduced the risk of MONW (OR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.92) in females, but not in males. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that a reduced intake of carbohydrates and carbohydrate snacks were associated with a lower prevalence of MONW in females.
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O'Malley K, Butler K, Hong M, Novelo LGL, Restrepo C, Berceli S, Casella G, Moldawer L, Nelson P. Cytokine Prediction Modeling of Vein Bypass Failure. J Surg Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.11.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Liu WR, Lin BH, Yang S, Kuo CC, Li YH, Hsu CH, Hsieh WF, Lee WC, Hong M, Kwo J. The influence of dislocations on optical and electrical properties of epitaxial ZnO on Si (111) using a γ-Al2O3buffer layer. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce06218f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liu WR, Lin BH, Kuo CC, Lee WC, Hong M, Kwo J, Hsu CH, Hsieh WF. Thickness-dependent lattice relaxation and the associated optical properties of ZnO epitaxial films grown on Si (111). CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce26074c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lv M, Zhang X, Jia H, Li D, Zhang B, Zhang H, Hong M, Jiang T, Jiang Q, Lu J, Huang X, Huang B. An oncogenic role of miR-142-3p in human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) by targeting glucocorticoid receptor-α and cAMP/PKA pathways. Leukemia 2011; 26:769-77. [PMID: 21979877 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of 19-24 nucleotide non-coding RNAs with posttranscriptional regulatory functions. The involvement of miRNAs in normal hematopoiesis implies that deregulated miRNAs might contribute to leukemogenesis. To date, although certain miRNAs have been established a clear oncogenic role in hematological malignancies, other individual miRNAs potentially involved in human leukemogenesis still remain elusive. In this report, we showed that miR-142-3p was upregulated in human T-leukemic cell lines and primary T-leukemic cells isolated from T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients and its expressive levels were correlated with patients' prognosis. Such an oncogenic role of miR-142-3p could be explained by its targeting cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) and glucocorticoid receptor alpha (GRα). High levels of miR-142-3p resulted in low levels of cAMP and weak activity of PKA, thus relieving the inhibitory effect of PKA on T-leukemic cell proliferation. Meanwhile, miR-142-3p decreased GRα protein expression by directly targeting the 3'-untranslational region of GRα mRNA, leading to glucocorticoid resistance. Transfection of the miR-142-3p inhibitor effectively converted glucocorticoid resistance, because of the resultant increase of GRα expression and PKA activity. These findings suggest that miR-142-3p is critical in T-cell leukemogenesis and may serve as a potential therapeutic target in T-ALL patients.
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Wan X, Wu X, Fan X, Cai H, Chen M, Xu J, Hong M, Liu Q. Molecular prognostic prediction by support vector machine integrated approach for local advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.5514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Kwo J, McWhan DB, Hong M, Gyorgy EM, DiSalvo FJ. STRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF SINGLE CRYSTAL RARE EARTH Gd-Y SUPERLATTICES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-56-211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHigh quality single crystal rare earth Gd-Y superlattices with wavelength varying from 8to 42 atomic layers were grown by the recently developed metal molecular beam epitaxy technique. The crystallinity and coherence of the superlattices were examined by X-ray diffraction, and the profiles of composition modulation and strain modulation were determined from a quantitative analysis based on a simple diffusion model for the Gd-Y interfaces. The sharp boundaries achieved in these metallic superlattices are approaching those in semiconductor superlattices. The various in-plane magnetization behavior at low fieldsamong superlattices of different wavelengths suggests the possible presence of new magnetic ordering structures as caused by the artificial modulation.
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Bode M, Ourmazd A, Rentschler J, Hong M, Feldman L, Mannaerts J. Direct Observation of Intermixing in GAAS/AIAS Multilayers After Very Low-Dose Ion-Implantation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-157-197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTWe combine chemical lattice imaging and digital vector pattern recognition to study quantitatively, kinetic intermixing in GaAs/AlAs multilayers. We thus obtain, with atomic plane resolution and near-atomic sensitivity, composition profiles across each interface of a multilayer stack before and after ion-implantation. Our results show significant intermixing even when only one 320 keV Ga+ ion is implanted at 77 K into each 2000 A2 area of the interface. This corresponds to an incident ion dose of 5×l012/cm2.The intermixing is not uniform along the interface. At each interface, we observe more intensely intermixed regions, whose widths correspond to those created by the damage track of a single implanted ion, as expected from Monte-Carlo simulations. It thus appears that we can directly image intermixing due to single energetic ions implanted into the multilayered GaAs/AlAs structure.
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Wang YC, Hong M, Kuo JM, Mannaerts JP, Kwo J, Tsai HS, Krajewski JJ, Weiner JS, Chen YK, Cho AY. Advances in GaAs Mosfet's Using Ga2O3(Gd2O3) as Gate Oxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-573-219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTIn this article, we review the recent progress on GaAs MOSFET's using in-situ MBE-grown Ga2O3(Gd2O3) as the gate dielectric. Both depletion-mode (D-mode) and inversion-mode (I-mode) GaAs MOSFET's with negligible drain current drift and hysteresis are demostrated. The absence of drain current drift and hysteresis indicates that the excellent stability of the oxide and low oxide/GaAs interface state density have been achieved. The drain current density and transconductance are about one order of magnitude higher than the best previous reported data in the literature for an inversion-mode GaAs MOSFET. Excellent high frequency and power performances were also measured from the depletion-mode devices. These improvements are attributed to the excellent Ga2O3(Ga2O3) oxide properties and novel processing techniques.
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Ren F, Abernathy CR, MacKenzie JD, Gila BP, Pearton SJ, Hong M, Macos M, Schurman MJ, Baca AG, Shul RJ. Dielectrics for GaN Based MIS-Diodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-483-443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGaN MIS diodes were demonstrated utilizing AIN and Ga2O3(Gd2O3) as insulators. A 345 Åof AIN was grown on the MOCVD grown n-GaN in a MOMBE system using trimethylamine alane as Al precursor and nitrogen generated from a wavemat ECR N2 plasma. For the Ga2O3(Gd2O3) growth, a multi-MBE chamber was used and a 195 Å oxide is E-beam evaporated from a single crystal source of Ga5Gd3O12. The forward breakdown voltage of AlN and Ga2O3( Gd2O3) diodes are 5V and 6V, respectively, which are significantly improved from ˜1.2 V of schottky contact. From the C-V measurements, both kinds of diodes showed good charge modulation from ccumulation to depletion at different frequencies. The insulator/GaN interface roughness and the thickness of the insulator were measured with x-ray reflectivity.
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Zhimin D, Guifu W, Qiang X, Yan Z, Daya Y, Li L, Donghong L, Lilong T, Guangye C, Hong M. e0418 Effect of EECP-integrated standard therapy for patients with stable coronary artery disease: a prospective, randomised, open-labelled and blind-endpoint study (PROBE-EECP trial). BRITISH HEART JOURNAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2010.208967.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Yi L, Chengheng H, Zhimin D, Hong M, Jiangui H, Jun L. e0441 Safety of aggressive anti-thrombotic therapy in elderly patients with persistent ST elevated myocardial infarction underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention - A single center and single operator experience. BRITISH HEART JOURNAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2010.208967.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Jingguo W, Yanbing L, Hao T, Anli T, Zhongfu M, Hong M. e0128 Angiotensin-(1-7) inhibits vascular remodelling in rat jugular vein grafts via reduced ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK activity. BRITISH HEART JOURNAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2010.208967.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Kim H, Hong M, Shin SJ, Ahn J, Chung HC, Kim K, Koh Y, Lee S, Bang Y, Rha SY. Sunitinib for unselected Korean patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: A comparable efficacy with different toxicity profiles. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e15107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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70
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Hong S, Cho B, Shin S, Jung M, Hong M, Lee Y, Kim J. Induction docetaxel and S-1 followed by concomitant radiotherapy with low-dose daily cisplatin in locally advanced head and neck carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e16020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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71
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Wen G, Hong M, Calaf GM, Roy D, Partridge MA, Li B, Hei TK. Phosphoproteomic profiling of arsenite-treated human small airway epithelial cells. Oncol Rep 2010; 23:405-412. [PMID: 20043101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is well documented as a chemotherapeutic agent capable of inducing cell death; however, it is also considered as a human carcinogen. Although it has recently been shown that arsenite exposure can potentiate genotoxicity, little is known about its global effects exerted in cells at the proteome level. Immortalized human small airway epithelial cells exposed to arsenite were used to identify phosphoproteins of two major signaling cascades, such as the human phospho-receptor tyrosine kinase (Phospho-RTK) and the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). These two arrays included several phosphoproteins, such as EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB4, InsulinR, Flt-3, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2), intracellular kinases such as AKT, GSK-3, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK1-3) and different p38 isoforms (alpha/beta/delta/gamma). In arsenite-treated cells, phosphorylation of EGFR, InsulinR and Flt3R showed an increase when compared to their non-arsenite treated counterparts. Inhibitors of these proteins further confirmed the involvement of such proteins in the neoplasm transformation of arsenite-treated human small airway epithelial cells as seen in changes in plating efficiency, anchorage-independent growth and proliferation rate. It can be concluded that analysis of phosphoprotein by using phosphoproteomic profiling can be very useful to understand the mechanism of arsenite-induced carcinogenesis.
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Hou X, Li Y, Wu G, Wang L, Hong M, Wu Y. Determination of Para Red, Sudan Dyes, Canthaxanthin, and Astaxanthin in Animal Feeds Using UPLC. J Chromatogr Sci 2010; 48:22-5. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/48.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hong M, Jeung H, Chung H, Ahn J, Roh J, Noh S, Rha S. Predictive factors associated with clinical outcome and safety in Korean patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with sunitinib. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e16111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e16111 Background: Sunitinib has become a standard treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The research for identifying patients who are more likely to benefit from this agent is quite limited, especially in Asian patients. Methods: In total, 81 histologically proven metastatic RCC patients who were treated with sunitinib were reviewed between Jan 2006 and Dec 2008. Tumor response was evaluated according to the RECIST criteria, and safety was assessed by NCI-CTC (version 3.0). Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) and secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and toxicities. Clinical features associated with clinical outcome were identified by univariate analysis; then, a stepwise modeling approach based on Cox's proportional hazards regression was used to identify independent prognostic factors to these endpoints. Results: Median age was 58 years (range, 29 to 73), and 33 patients received sunitinib as first-line systemic treatment. Clear cell type was predominant (85%). Patient distribution was 12% for favorable, 78% for intermediate, and 10% for poor group according to the MSKCC risk group. With the median follow-up of 26 months, median PFS was 16 months (95% CI, 8 –24) and median OS was 24 months (95% CI, 18 –30). ORR was 30% (95% CI, 19–40%) and DCR was 80% (95% CI, 70–89%). The most common grade 3/4 adverse events of sunitinib was thrombocytopenia (32%). Other severe toxicity included neutropenia (21%), anemia (19%), leucopenia (14%), fatigue (10%), stomatitis (10%). In multivariate analysis, the previous exposure to immunotherapy was related to longer PFS (P<.012). Performance status (ECOG 0–1) and corrected Ca level (8.5∼10.5 mg/dl) were associated with favorable ORR (P=.038) and DCR (p=0.008), respectively. Predictive factors for grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia were corrected Ca level (P=.018), poor MSKCC risk group (P=.025), and low WBC count (<4500/ul, P=.041). Conclusions: Compared to western reports, our data demonstrated comparable clinical efficacy in Asian patients, but different safety profile, especially in hematologic toxicities. This approach provides a tailored approach to predictive factors for targeted agents. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Ryan KR, Hong M, Arkwright PD, Gennery AR, Costigan C, Dominguez M, Denning D, McConnell V, Cant AJ, Abinun M, Spickett GP, Lilic D. Impaired dendritic cell maturation and cytokine production in patients with chronic mucocutanous candidiasis with or without APECED. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 154:406-14. [PMID: 19037923 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03778.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) suffer persistent infections with the yeast Candida. CMC includes patients with autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene mutations who have autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), and patients without known mutations. CMC patients have dysregulated cytokine production, and dendritic cells (DCs), as central orchestrators, may underlie pathogenic disease mechanisms. In 29 patients with CMC (13 with APECED) and controls, we generated monocyte-derived DCs, stimulated them with Candida albicans, Toll-like receptor-2/6 ligand and lipopolysaccharide to assess cytokine production [interleukin (IL)-12p70, IL-23, interferon (IFN)-gamma, IL-2, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-6, transforming growth factor-beta, IL-10, IL-5, IL-13] and cell-surface maturation marker expression (CD83, CD86, human leucocyte antigen D-related). In both APECED and non-APECED CMC patients, we demonstrate impairment of DC function as evidenced by altered cytokine expression profiles and DC maturation/activation: (1) both groups over-produce IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-13 and demonstrate impaired DC maturation. (2) Only non-APECED patients showed markedly decreased Candida-stimulated production of IL-23 and markedly increased production of IL-6, suggesting impairment of the IL-6/IL-23/T helper type 17 axis. (3) In contrast, only APECED patients showed DC hyperactivation, which may underlie altered T cell responsiveness, autoimmunity and impaired response to Candida. We demonstrate different pathogenic mechanisms on the same immune response pathway underlying increased susceptibility to Candida infection in these patients.
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Hong M, Ryan KR, Arkwright PD, Gennery AR, Costigan C, Dominguez M, Denning DW, McConnell V, Cant AJ, Abinun M, Spickett GP, Swan DC, Gillespie CS, Young DA, Lilic D. Pattern recognition receptor expression is not impaired in patients with chronic mucocutanous candidiasis with or without autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 156:40-51. [PMID: 19196253 PMCID: PMC2673740 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03873.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) have an unknown primary immune defect and are unable to clear infections with the yeast Candida. CMC includes patients with AIRE gene mutations who have autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), and patients without known mutations. CMC patients have dysregulated cytokine production, suggesting that defective expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) may underlie disease pathogenesis. In 29 patients with CMC (13 with APECED) and controls, we assessed dendritic cell (DC) subsets and monocyte Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression in blood. We generated and stimulated monocyte-derived (mo)DCs with Candida albicans, TLR-2/6 ligand and lipopolysaccharide and assessed PRR mRNA expression by polymerase chain reaction [TLR-1-10, Dectin-1 and -2, spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and caspase recruitment domain (CARD) 9] in immature and mature moDCs. We demonstrate for the first time that CMC patients, with or without APECED, have normal blood levels of plasmocytoid and myeloid DCs and monocyte TLR-2/TLR-6 expression. We showed that in immature moDCs, expression levels of all PRRs involved in anti-Candida responses (TLR-1, -2, -4, -6, Dectin-1, Syk, CARD9) were comparable to controls, implying that defects in PRR expression are not responsible for the increased susceptibility to Candida infections seen in CMC patients. However, as opposed to healthy controls, both groups of CMC patients failed to down-regulate PRR mRNA expression in response to Candida, consistent with defective DC maturation, as we reported recently. Thus, impaired DC maturation and consequent altered regulation of PRR signalling pathways rather than defects in PRR expression may be responsible for inadequate Candida handling in CMC patients.
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