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Blair JE, Carr M. Distribution of Phage Groups of Staphylococcus aureus in the Years 1927 through 1947. Science 2010; 132:1247-8. [PMID: 17801672 DOI: 10.1126/science.132.3435.1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The phage typing patterns of 194 typable strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in the years 1927 through 1947 and preserved as stock cultures revealed that 43 strains were of phage type 80/81. The occurrence of other typable strains in the broad phage groups I, II, and III corresponded closely to the frequency distribution of staphylococci reported in 1945 by Wilson and Atkinson.
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Moriarty E, Carr M, Bonham S, Carty MP, Aldabbagh F. Synthesis and toxicity towards normal and cancer cell lines of benzimidazolequinones containing fused aromatic rings and 2-aromatic ring substituents. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:3762-9. [PMID: 20605274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Revised: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A facile 6-exo-trig cyclization of sigma-aromatic radicals has allowed the synthesis of various aromatic ring fused benzimidazoles and benzimidazolequinones. The most highly conjugated naphthyl fused benzimidazolequinone, (5-methyl-5,6-dihydrobenzimidazo[2,1-a]benzo[f]isoquinoline-8,11-dione) showed the highest specificity towards human cervical (HeLa) and prostate (DU145) cancer cell lines with little toxicity towards a human normal (GM00637) cell line at doses of <1 microM. In contrast, 2-aromatic ring substituted (benzimidazole-4,7-diones) analogues, benzimidazolequinone with a pyridine ring and mitomycin C were more toxic than the highly conjugated naphthyl fused benzimidazolequinone towards the normal cell line.
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Carr M. The Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises Office (SME Office) at the European Medicines Agency. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2009; 53:20-3. [DOI: 10.1007/s00103-009-0989-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Raghavendra GKG, White V, Harvey JR, Youssef M, Wotherspoon W, Carr M. Efficacy of intra-operative wire localisation of breast lesions using ultrasound. Breast Cancer Res 2009. [PMCID: PMC4284862 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Fernandes A, Tlustos C, Smith F, Carr M, Petch R, Rose M. Polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) and brominated dioxins (PBDD/Fs) in Irish food of animal origin. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2009; 2:86-94. [DOI: 10.1080/02652030903042525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Meegan MJ, Carr M, Knox AJS, Zisterer DM, Lloyd DG. β-Lactam type molecular scaffolds for antiproliferative activity: Synthesis and cytotoxic effects in breast cancer cells. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 23:668-85. [DOI: 10.1080/14756360802469127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Thompson JG, Vanderwerf S, Seningen J, Carr M, Kloss J, Apple FS. Free Oxycodone Concentrations in 67 Postmortem Cases from the Hennepin County Medical Examiner's Office. J Anal Toxicol 2008; 32:673-9. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/32.8.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Radford S, Carr M, Hehir M, Davis B, Robertson L, Cockshott Z, Tipler S, Hewlett S. 'It's quite hard to grasp the enormity of it': perceived needs of people upon diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Musculoskeletal Care 2008; 6:155-167. [PMID: 18649347 DOI: 10.1002/msc.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) brings rapid pharmacological and multidisciplinary team interventions to address inflammatory processes and symptom management. However, people may also need support on the journey to self-management. The aim of this study was to explore what professional support patients feel they receive upon diagnosis, and what support they feel would be most helpful. METHODS Two focus groups comprised patients with at least five years'; disease duration (n = 7), and patients more recently diagnosed (5-18 months, n = 5). The latter had attended at least two appointments in a rheumatology nurse specialist clinic during the previous year, aimed at providing support upon diagnosis. Transcripts were subjected to thematic analysis to identify common issues regarding support needs, which were then grouped into themes. Interviewing and analysis was performed by researchers not involved in clinical care. RESULTS Four overarching themes emerged. 'Information' was needed about the symptoms of RA, its management and personal outcome, while 'Support' related to emotional needs ('It's quite hard to grasp the enormity of it'). Information and Support overlapped, in that patients wanted someone to talk to, and to be listened to. These two themes were underpinned by issues of service delivery: 'Choice' (patient or professional to talk to, groups, one-to-one) and 'Involvement' (holistic care, partnership), which overlapped in terms of the opportunity to decide when and which interventions to access. CONCLUSIONS People with RA report not only informational, but also emotional support needs at diagnosis. The potential for delivering emotional support to patients around the time of diagnosis warrants further exploration.
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Hehir M, Carr M, Davis B, Radford S, Robertson L, Tipler S, Hewlett S. Nursing support at the onset of rheumatoid arthritis: Time and space for emotions, practicalities and self-management. Musculoskeletal Care 2008; 6:124-134. [PMID: 17922490 DOI: 10.1002/msc.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), patients have to adapt to lifelong, unpredictable but repeated episodes of pain and disability, potentially leading to permanent loss of function and its consequences on their lives. We established nurse clinics with the aim of supporting newly diagnosed RA patients in adapting to and managing their long-term condition. The aim of this study was to explore the content of clinic discussions in this new clinical service, in order to ascertain patients' needs upon diagnosis. METHODS All clinic letters from the nurse to the family doctor were analysed. Every topic mentioned was systematically coded independently by a researcher and a patient research partner, who compared and agreed codes. Codes were organized into categories, and, finally, into overarching themes. RESULTS Twenty-four patients had 74 appointment letters. A total of 79 codes were identified, from which ten categories emerged, and, finally, three overarching themes. The first theme related to 'Emotional support', which underpinned the other two themes and was discussed in almost all appointments. Issues included discussions about the emotional consequences of RA, needing time to adjust, frustration and fears for the future. The second theme 'Practicalities of the treatment of RA', included subordinate themes relating to the nature of RA, such as identity, cause, timeline, consequences and treatment. Medication issues were discussed and referrals to the multidisciplinary team were made. The final theme related to the 'Self-management of RA', and included discussions on physical symptoms and their management. CONCLUSIONS The offer to attend a nurse clinic soon after diagnosis allowed RA patients to discuss a wide range of practical and self-management issues. However, most patients also took the opportunity and time to discuss emotional reactions and adaptations to diagnosis. The data suggest an unmet need for emotional support that a nurse clinic might be able to provide.
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Irwin D, Helm K, Campbell N, Imamura M, Fagan K, Harral J, Carr M, Young KA, Klemm D, Gebb S, Dempsey EC, West J, Majka S. Neonatal lung side population cells demonstrate endothelial potential and are altered in response to hyperoxia-induced lung simplification. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2007; 293:L941-51. [PMID: 17693487 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00054.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung side population (SP) cells are resident lung precursor cells with both epithelial and mesenchymal potential that are believed to play a role in normal lung development and repair. Neonatal hyperoxic exposure impairs lung development leading to a long-term decrease in gas exchange surfaces. The hypothesis that lung SP cells are altered during impaired lung development has not been studied. To address this issue, we characterized the endothelial potential of neonatal lung SP and subsets of lung SP from neonatal mice following hyperoxic exposure during room air recovery. Lung SP cells were isolated and sorted on the basis of their capacity to efflux Hoechst 33342. The lung SP was further sorted based on expression of Flk-1 and CD45. In vitro, both CD45pos/Flk-1pos and CD45neg/Flk-1pos bind isolectin B4 and incorporate LDL and form networks in matrigel, indicating that these populations have endothelial cell characteristics. Hyperoxic exposure of neonatal mice resulted in subtle changes in vascular and alveolar density on P13, which persisted with room air recovery to P41. During room air recovery, a decrease in lung SP cells was detected in the hyperoxic-exposed group on postnatal day 13 followed by an increase on day 41. Within this group, the lung SP subpopulation of cells expressing CD45 increased on day 21, 41, and 55. Here, we show that lung SP cells demonstrate endothelial potential and that the population distribution changes in number as well as composition following hyperoxic exposure. The hyperoxia-induced changes in lung SP cells may limit their ability to effectively contribute to tissue morphogenesis during room air recovery.
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Maguire J, Kelly V, Page R, Carr M, Soorae A, Gosney J. 11 Surgical resection after radical accelerated hypofractionated radiotherapy concurrent with cisplatinum/vinorelbine for initially inoperable NSCLC. Lung Cancer 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(07)70337-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Shabu A, Carr M, Crushell E, Loftus BG. Patterns of asthma admissions in children. IRISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2007; 100:407-9. [PMID: 17491544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Admissions for childhood asthma have declined over the past 10 years in the U.K. The reasons for this decline are not known. There are few published data on Irish children. The study was completed in a paediatric unit in a regional general hospital, with a stable urban/rural catchment population of approximately 45,000 children under 15 years. H.I.P.E. data on paediatric asthma admissions were analysed from 1990-2004. A prospective study of all acute asthma admissions of children aged 1-14 years over a 12 -month period was also undertaken, data were compared to a similar study in 1990, and a retrospective study in 1995. The number of admissions rose to a peak in 1995, and there was a large decline in the number of admissions thereafter. The fall was most marked in school age children. The prospective study showed that the treatment of asthma in the community, and in hospital was more aggressive. There were more children diagnosed, and on prophylactic therapy prior to admission. There was greater use of oxygen and nebulised ipratropium in hospital; milder cases were discharged sooner. Subjective assessment of severity of attacks on admission indicated increased severity, but objective measures showed less change. We have shown that the fall in asthma admissions was accompanied by more aggressive management in the community, with little changes in the attack severity in those admitted. The reduction in admissions was most evident in school age children. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that better management of asthma in the community is responsible for the reduction in admissions.
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Case D, Irwin D, Ivester C, Harral J, Morris K, Imamura M, Roedersheimer M, Patterson A, Carr M, Hagen M, Saavedra M, Crossno J, Young KA, Dempsey EC, Poirier F, West J, Majka S. Mice deficient in galectin-1 exhibit attenuated physiological responses to chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2006; 292:L154-64. [PMID: 16951131 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00192.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by sustained vasoconstriction, with subsequent extracellular matrix (ECM) production and smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. Changes in the ECM can modulate vasoreactivity and SMC contraction. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a hypoxia-inducible beta-galactoside-binding lectin produced by vascular, interstitial, epithelial, and immune cells. Gal-1 regulates SMC differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis via interactions with the ECM, as well as immune system function, and, therefore, likely plays a role in the pathogenesis of PH. We investigated the effects of Gal-1 during hypoxic PH by quantifying 1) Gal-1 expression in response to hypoxia in vitro and in vivo and 2) the effect of Gal-1 gene deletion on the magnitude of the PH response to chronic hypoxia in vivo. By constructing and screening a subtractive library, we found that acute hypoxia increases expression of Gal-1 mRNA in isolated pulmonary mesenchymal cells. In wild-type (WT) mice, Gal-1 immunoreactivity increased after 6 wk of hypoxia. Increased expression of Gal-1 protein was confirmed by quantitative Western analysis. Gal-1 knockout (Gal-1(-/-)) mice showed a decreased PH response, as measured by right ventricular pressure and the ratio of right ventricular to left ventricular + septum wet weight compared with their WT counterparts. However, the number and degree of muscularized vessels increased similarly in WT and Gal-1(-/-) mice. In response to chronic hypoxia, the decrease in factor 8-positive microvessel density was similar in both groups. Vasoreactivity of WT and Gal-1(-/-) mice was tested in vivo and with use of isolated perfused lungs exposed to acute hypoxia. Acute hypoxia caused a significant increase in RV pressure in wild-type and Gal-1(-/-) mice; however, the response of the Gal-1(-/-) mice was greater. These results suggest that Gal-1 influences the contractile response to hypoxia and subsequent remodeling during hypoxia-induced PH, which influences disease progression.
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Bajaj V, Haniffa M, Carr M. Poster 4 Parsnip inducing phytophotodermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.7385_15.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Korenchevsky V, Carr M. Further Experiments on the Influence of the Parents' Diet upon the Young: The Influence upon the Young of an Excessive Amount of Fat-soluble Factor and Calcium in the Mother's Diet during Pregnancy. Biochem J 2006; 18:1313-8. [PMID: 16743407 PMCID: PMC1259524 DOI: 10.1042/bj0181313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Korenchevsky V, Carr M. The Effects of Calcium Glycerophosphate, Sodium Glycerophosphate and Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate upon the Skeleton of Rats kept on a Diet Deficient only in Fat-soluble Factor. Biochem J 2006; 19:101-11. [PMID: 16743459 PMCID: PMC1259556 DOI: 10.1042/bj0190101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Korenchevsky V, Carr M. Further Experiments on the Influence of the Parents' Diet upon the Young: The Influence upon the Young of an excessive amount of Calcium in the Mother's Diet during Pregnancy. Biochem J 2006; 19:112-6. [PMID: 16743460 PMCID: PMC1259557 DOI: 10.1042/bj0190112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Korenchevsky V, Carr M. Further Experiments on the Influence of the Parents' Diet upon the Young: The Influence of the Father's Diet. Biochem J 2006; 18:1308-12. [PMID: 16743406 PMCID: PMC1259523 DOI: 10.1042/bj0181308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Korenchevsky V, Carr M. The Sexual Glands and Metabolism: The Influence of Injections of Emulsions of Testes and Prostate and of Insulin-like Testicular Extracts upon the Nitrogen Metabolism of Normal, Castrated and Thyroidectomised Rabbits. Biochem J 2006; 19:773-82. [PMID: 16743577 PMCID: PMC1259261 DOI: 10.1042/bj0190773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Head JW, Neukum G, Jaumann R, Hiesinger H, Hauber E, Carr M, Masson P, Foing B, Hoffmann H, Kreslavsky M, Werner S, Milkovich S, van Gasselt S, The HRSC Co-Investigator Team. Are there active glaciers on Mars? (Reply). Nature 2005. [DOI: 10.1038/nature04358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lloyd M, McElhatton P, Carr M, Hall G, Hughes R. Methotrexate in pregnancy. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005; 44:697; author reply 698. [PMID: 15797976 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keh612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Head JW, Neukum G, Jaumann R, Hiesinger H, Hauber E, Carr M, Masson P, Foing B, Hoffmann H, Kreslavsky M, Werner S, Milkovich S, van Gasselt S. Tropical to mid-latitude snow and ice accumulation, flow and glaciation on Mars. Nature 2005; 434:346-51. [PMID: 15772652 DOI: 10.1038/nature03359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2004] [Accepted: 01/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Images from the Mars Express HRSC (High-Resolution Stereo Camera) of debris aprons at the base of massifs in eastern Hellas reveal numerous concentrically ridged lobate and pitted features and related evidence of extremely ice-rich glacier-like viscous flow and sublimation. Together with new evidence for recent ice-rich rock glaciers at the base of the Olympus Mons scarp superposed on larger Late Amazonian debris-covered piedmont glaciers, we interpret these deposits as evidence for geologically recent and recurring glacial activity in tropical and mid-latitude regions of Mars during periods of increased spin-axis obliquity when polar ice was mobilized and redeposited in microenvironments at lower latitudes. The data indicate that abundant residual ice probably remains in these deposits and that these records of geologically recent climate changes are accessible to future automated and human surface exploration.
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Carr M, Soloway JR, Robinson TE, Brookfield JF. An investigation of the cause of low variability on the fourth chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Biol Evol 2001; 18:2260-9. [PMID: 11719575 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The fourth chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster lacks meiotic recombination. There is also a lack of nucleotide variation on the chromosome. This lack of variation could have been caused by a recent selective sweep, by background selection, or by a combination of these two forces. It should be possible to differentiate between the two mechanisms by studying the frequencies of polymorphic sites on the chromosome: a selective sweep should have resulted in low-frequency polymorphisms, whereas higher frequency polymorphisms would indicate the action of background selection. We have analyzed retrotransposable element insertions on the fourth chromosome in 11 strains of D. melanogaster. The polymorphisms found have a range of frequencies, with the presence of some insertions with high frequencies suggesting that the lack of variation is the result of background selection. We summarize the data using two statistics: the number of sites shared by more than one of the sample of 11 chromosomes (internal sites) and the mean number of transposable element differences in presence or absence between the sampled chromosomes. Simulations indicate that a selective sweep occurring more than 15,000 (0.03N) generations ago cannot be ruled out from the number of internal sites, although the number of differences between the chromosomes suggests either background selection or a sweep occurring more than 60,000 (0.12N) generations ago. Our results show no homoplasies and are thus consistent with no recombination occurring on the chromosome. The difficulties of distinguishing between the models using polymorphism data are discussed.
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