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Soltani E, Naserian AA, Khan MA, Ghaffari MH, Malekkhahi M. Effects of conditioner retention time during pelleting of starter feed on nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites, and performance of Holstein female dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:8910-8921. [PMID: 32713693 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of conditioner retention time during the pelleting process of starter feed on intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites, and growth performance of dairy calves. A total of 30 Holstein female dairy calves [40 ± 1.93 kg of body weight (BW)] were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: (1) pelleted starter conditioned for 0 min (CON), (2) pelleted starter conditioned for 2 min, and (3) pelleted starter conditioned for 4 min. Three pelleted starter feeds had similar nutritional composition, and the starters were blended with 3% chopped wheat straw and fed to individually housed calves from d 3 to 70 of age. All calves were fed 4 L/d of pasteurized whole milk twice daily at 0800 and 1600 h from d 3 to 50 of calf age, followed by 2 L/d of morning feeding from 51 to 56 d of age. All calves were weaned on d 56 of age and remained in the study until d 70 of age. With the increase of conditioner retention time during pellet processing for 0, 2, and 4 min, the gelatinized starch content of pelleted starter feed linearly increased from 14, 30, and 45%, respectively. Additionally, the pellet durability and hardness also linearly increased with increasing conditioner retention time during pelleting. Feeding pelleted feed prepared using different conditioner retention time did not affect feed dry matter intake, metabolizable energy intake, weaning BW, final BW, or feed efficiency during the study. We observed no differences in the total-tract apparent digestibility of organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, and crude protein around weaning (d 49 to 56 of age) and after weaning (d 63 to 70 of calf cage); however, the digestibility of dry matter and starch after weaning was increased with increasing conditioner retention time during pelleting of starter feed. No difference was found in overall average daily gain (ADG) or growth rates of hip height, withers height, and heart girth. Ruminal volatile fatty acid profile was not affected by pelleting under different conditioner retention times. The ruminal ammonia concentration tended to be lower for calves fed the 4-min diet compared with those fed the CON diet during the postweaning period. The postweaning (d 57-70 of age) ADG was greater for calves fed the 4-min diet compared with those fed the CON diet. In conclusion, the conditioning time during the pelleting process of starter feed increased the gelatinization of starch, durability, and hardness of the pellets but did not influence feed intake, feed efficiency, and skeletal growth during the first 70 d of age. Increasing conditioning time during the pelleting process improved postweaning ADG; however, the final BW of calves was similar among treatments.
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Yadav CP, Lodha R, Kabra SK, Sreenivas V, Sinha A, Khan MA, Pandey RM. Comparison of statistical methods for recurrent event analysis using pediatrics asthma data. Pharm Stat 2020; 19:803-813. [PMID: 32484295 DOI: 10.1002/pst.2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
When the same type of event is experienced by a subject more than once it is called recurrent event, which possess two important characteristics, namely "within-subject correlation" and "time-varying covariate." As a result, the traditional statistical methods do not work well on recurrent event data. Over the past few decades, many alternatives methods have been proposed for the analysis of recurrent event data. In this article, the six most prominent methods for recurrent event analysis have been compared on pediatric asthma data. Three variance corrected models (viz "Anderson and Gill [AG] model," "Prentice, William, and Peterson-Counting Process [PWP-CP] model," and "Prentice, William, and Peterson-Gap Time [PWP-GT] model") and three corresponding frailty variants (AG-frailty, PWP-CP-frailty, and PWP-GT-frailty) were compared using three mathematical criterion (AIC, BIC, and log-likelihood) and one graphical criteria (Cox-Snell goodness of fit, visual test). All model comparison indices showed the PWP-GT model as the most appropriate model on asthma data over other models. By using PWP-GT model, seven predictors of asthma exacerbation (viz "abdominal pain at previous visit," "Z5 (%) at previous visit," "diagnosis of asthma at previous visit," "calendar month of exacerbation," "history of maternal asthma," "monthly per capita income," and "emotional stress") were identified. The PWP-GT model was identified as the most appropriate model over other models on pediatrics asthma data.
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van Keulen P, Khan MA, Dijkstra J, Knol F, McCoard SA. Effect of arginine or glutamine supplementation and milk feeding allowance on small intestine development in calves. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:4754-4764. [PMID: 32197854 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of the small intestine (SI) is important for the health and growth of neonatal calves. This study evaluated the effect of arginine (Arg) and glutamine (Gln) supplementation and 2 levels of milk allowance on the histomorphological development of the SI in preweaning calves. Sixty mixed-sex Friesian × Jersey calves (3-5 d of age) were offered reconstituted whole milk (125 g/L, 26% fat, 26% protein) at either high (20% of arrival body weight/d; HM) or low (10% of arrival body weight/d; LM) milk allowance without (Ctrl) or with supplementary Arg or Gln (at 1% of milk dry matter) in a 2 × 3 factorial design (n = 10/treatment). After 35 d on the diets, all calves were slaughtered to collect tissues for examination of SI development. Calves in the HM group had higher milk intake, total weight gain, and average daily gain compared with LM calves, but no effect of AA supplementation nor an interaction between milk allowance and AA supplementation was observed. For the duodenum, we observed an AA by milk allowance interaction for villus height and width, and goblet cell number per villus (HM-Arg > HM-Gln > HM-Ctrl), and villus height to crypt depth ratio (HM-Arg > HM-Gln = HM-Ctrl), but no effect of AA supplementation in the LM group. Goblet cell numbers per 100 µm of SI were greater in Arg-supplemented calves than in unsupplemented controls, with Gln-supplemented calves intermediate to but not different from the other groups. Epithelium thickness was greater in LM than in HM calves. Villus density, crypt depth, and muscle thickness did not differ between groups. For the jejunum, there was an AA by milk allowance interaction for villus height, villus surface area, and villus height to crypt depth ratio (HM-Arg = HM-Gln > HM-Ctrl), with no effect of AA supplementation in the LM groups. Amino acid supplementation affected goblet cell number per villus (HM-Gln > HM-Ctrl calves, HM-Arg intermediate), and both LM-Arg and LM-Gln calves had greater numbers than LM-Ctrl calves. Villus width, crypt depth, and muscle thickness were greater in HM than LM calves but there was no effect of AA supplementation. Villus density, goblet cell number per 100 µm of SI, and epithelium thickness were unaffected by AA supplementation and milk allowance. Milk allowance and AA supplementation had no effect on SI morphology in the ileum. Increasing milk allowance improved villus height, width, and surface area but only in Arg- or Gln-supplemented calves, not in control calves. The observed changes in development may be important for intestinal functionality, integrity, and barrier function in preweaning calves, potentially through increased cell growth and proliferation or reduced levels of cellular atrophy.
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Pogonchenkova IV, Khan MA, Novikova YV, Mikitchenko NA. [Medical Rehabilitation after Hydronephrosis Surgical Treatment in Children]. PROBLEMY SOT︠S︡IALʹNOĬ GIGIENY, ZDRAVOOKHRANENII︠A︡ I ISTORII MEDIT︠S︡INY 2019; 27:667-670. [PMID: 31747159 DOI: 10.32687/0869-866x-2019-27-si1-667-670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The article presents modern technologies of medical rehabilitation of children operated for hydronephrosis. The importance of medical rehabilitation of children with hydronephrosis is associated with high incidence, possibility of developing chronic kidney disease, and early disability of these patients. After surgery on the ureter it is important to use medical rehabilitation technologies aimed at preventing urodynamics disorders of upper and lower urinary tract, and at stimulation of regenerative processes. In recent years, particular attention has been paid to high-intensity pulsed electromagnetic field therapy, which has a more significant and long-term stimulating effect compared to various types of electrical stimulation. Clinical studies were conducted in 80 children operated for hydronephrosis, aged 3 to 15. The main group consisted of 40 children who received high-intensity pulsed magnetic therapy, and 40 children were included in the control group (without physiotherapy). Basic treatment included uroseptics and exercise therapy. Effectiveness of the method was assessed using clinical, laboratory and ultrasound data, and Doppler ultrasound of the renal blood flow. The results of the study demonstrated the rationale of including high-intensity pulsed electromagnetic field therapy in medical rehabilitation of children operated for hydronephrosis. The positive effect of high-intensity pulsed electromagnetic therapy on the urodynamics of the urinary tract (reduction in the size of renal pelvis and calyx) and renal blood flow (restoration of blood flow to the renal cortex) were revealed. This method helped to reduce inflammation in the renal parenchyma (reduction of proteinuria, leukocyturia) in children operated on for hydronephrosis. A significantly higher effectiveness of medical rehabilitation with the use of high-intensity pulsed magnetic therapy was proved (87.5%).
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Ji X, Hu L, Wang Y, Luo Y, Zhu J, Zhang J, Khan MA, Huang F. "Mobile Health" for the Management of Spondyloarthritis and Its Application in China. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2019; 21:61. [PMID: 31741083 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-019-0860-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of inflammatory diseases characterized by inflammation in the spine, peripheral joints, and entheses that usually start at the prime of one's life and lead to impaired physical function and reduced quality of life. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is prototype of SpA. This article reviews the opportunities and challenges of using mobile health (mHealth) in managing SpA, and report some of our experiences using a mHealth solution for management of SpA patients and performing related research in China. RECENT FINDINGS The recent rapid development of mobile communications and the common use of intelligent electronic devices have led to the increasing application of mHealth for chronic disease management by healthcare providers and patients alike. This is a promising new technology that can help mitigate limitations in time and space for patient management, promote easier communication between patients and their healthcare providers, reduce medical expenses, and optimize medical services. We have developed a smartphone-based mHealth SpA management system (SpAMS) that also helps the patients to monitor, manage, and share information on their disease with their physician at regular intervals. There is a shift from a paternalistic model of healthcare to more personalized healthcare in which disease management is conducted by the patient together with their healthcare providers. The increasing utility of mHealth is expected to benefit disease management, promote patient-doctor communication, reduce medical expenses, and optimize medical services.
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Umale RH, Khan MA, Moulick PS, Gupta S, Shankar S, Sati A. A clinical study to describe the corneal topographic pattern and estimation of the prevalence of keratoconus among diagnosed cases of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Med J Armed Forces India 2019; 75:424-428. [PMID: 31719737 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Association of keratoconus with vernal keratoconjunctivitis is well known, but there are few topographic studies describing actual prevalence especially in India where it is a common condition. There is also scarce literature on the topographic patterns and subclinical topographic anomalies in cases of vernal catarrh and their relationship with various subtypes. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of subclinical keratoconus among Indian subjects with vernal keratoconjunctivitis and describe the various topographic abnormalities which can help in screening for these cases. Methods In the cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care center, 76 established cases of vernal keratoconjunctivitis were evaluated with placido disc-based videokeratography for topographic abnormalities and early keratoconus based on modified Rabinowitz-McDonnell criteria. Results Seventeen (11.2%) eyes satisfied both the modified Rabinowitz-McDonnell criteria of keratoconus. Corneal topographic pattern analysis showed asymmetric bowtie with inferior steepening in 17.11% of the patients. None of these patients had clinical evidence of keratoconus. Conclusions The study showed 11.2% prevalence of keratoconus in patients suffering from vernal keratoconjunctivitis. The findings highlight the importance of using a simple placido disc-based corneal topography system for screening the patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis for keratoconus. This can help in early detection and preventive intervention.
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Rasool SG, Gulzar S, Hameed A, Edwards GE, Khan MA, Gul B. Maintenance of photosynthesis and the antioxidant defence systems have key roles for survival of Halopeplis perfoliata (Amaranthaceae) in a saline environment. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:1167-1175. [PMID: 31332917 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coastal salt marsh plants employ various combinations of morphological and physiological adaptations to survive under saline conditions. Little information is available on salinity tolerance mechanisms of Halopeplis perfoliata, a C3 stem succulent halophyte. We investigated the growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant defence mechanisms of H. perfoliata under saline conditions (0, 150, 300 and 600 mM NaCl) in an open greenhouse. Optimal shoot succulence, projected shoot area and relative growth rate were obtained in the low (150 mm NaCl) salinity treatment, while growth was inhibited at the highest salinity (600 mm NaCl). The CO2 compensation point and carbon isotope composition of biomass confirmed C3 photosynthesis. Increases in salinity did not affect the photosynthetic pigment content or maximum quantum efficiency of PSII of H. perfoliata. Assimilation of CO2 (A) also remained unaffected by salinity. A modest effect on some gas exchange and photochemistry parameters was observed at 600 mm NaCl. With increasing salinity, there was a continual increase in respiration, suggesting utilisation of energy to cope with saline conditions. Under 300 and 600 mm NaCl, there was an increase in H2 O2 and MDA with a concomitant rise in AsA, GR content and CAT activity. Hence, H. perfoliata appears to be an obligate halophyte that can grow up to seawater salinities by modulating photosynthetic gas exchange, photochemistry and the antioxidant defence systems.
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Qadeer S, Khan MA, Ansari MS, Rakha BA, Ejaz R, Husna AU, Azam A, Akhter S. A Novel Recombinant Eel Pout (Macrozoarces americans) Type III Antifreeze Protein Improves Cryosurvival of Buffalo Sperm. CRYO LETTERS 2019; 40:347-351. [PMID: 33966061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quality of cryopreserved buffalo semen is low due to high susceptibility of sperm membranes to cold shock. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to investigate the effect of recombinant type-III antifreeze protein from the eel pout Macrozoarces americanus (rAFPIII) on freezability of buffalo semen. MATERIALS AND METHODS Semen was collected from three buffalo bulls for three weeks (replicates). Qualified ejaculates (N=18) were split into four aliquots and diluted in Tris-citric acid extender containing 0.0, 0.1, 1 and 10 µg mL-1 of rAFPIII. Semen was cooled to 4 C, evaluated for sperm motility and PMI, cryopreserved and assessed for post-thaw quality. RESULTS Supplementation of the extender with rAFPIII didn't affect motility and PMI of chilled semen. Post-thaw sperm motility and PMI were higher in extender supplemented with rAFPIII (10µg mL-1) compared to control. Sperm viability and acrosome integrity remained the same. CONCLUSION Addition of rAFPIII in extender improved motility and PMI of cryopreserved buffalo semen.
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Razumov AN, Pogonchenkova IV, Khan MA, Lyan NA, Vakhova EL, Mikitchenko NA. [The application of the pulsed low-frequency electrostatic field in pediatrics]. VOPROSY KURORTOLOGII, FIZIOTERAPII, I LECHEBNOĬ FIZICHESKOĬ KULTURY 2019; 96:55-62. [PMID: 30724883 DOI: 10.17116/kurort20199601155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
One of new methods for the physiotherapeutic treatment in pediatrics is the application of the pulsed low-frequency electrostatic field the action of which is based on the effects of deep resonant vibration on the affected tissue region with the minimal mecha-nical impact. Under the influence of the electrostatic field, the tissues at the site of interest become tightened and descend which causes their vibration due to the alternation of the pulses and intervals between them. The fast consecutive repetition of this process results in rhythmical deformation of the tissues. The electrostatic pulses are responsible for the increased friction between separate parts of the tissues while in the intervals between the pulses the tissue elastically resists their influence. In this way, the tissues subjected to such influence 'are pumped over' throughout their depth. It leads to the restoration of elasticity and mobilization of separate fibers and layers inside the tissue as well as to the development and improvement of the blood flow in the tissues and their blood supply. During the recent years, a large number of reports have been published in the literature concerning the possibilities of application of the pulsed low-frequency electrostatic field for the treatment and prevention of various di-seases in the children, including both monotherapy and its combination with other therapeutic modalities. The favourable action of the pulse low-frequency electrostatic field on the clinical course of bronchial asthma, mucoviscidosis, I and II degree scoliosis in the young children, remittent multiple sclerosis in the adolescents has been demonstrated. The data obtained give evidence of the high effectiveness of the proposed method, its excellent tolerance, and a wide range of beneficial effects on the main pathogenetic components of the diseases which creates the good prerequisites for the further active introduction of the therapeutic phy-sical factors in the practical work of the children's medical organizations.
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Grice PT, Phillips OP, Khan MA. Feasibility of ureteroscopy as a pure day-case procedure. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL UROLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2051415818814023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Ureteroscopy (URS) is a procedure that is commonly performed by endourologists for stone surgery and other diagnostic and therapeutic indications. With stone disease becoming an increasing burden on the health economy, there is a clear incentive to perform URS as a day-case procedure. Patients and methods: This single-centre, single-surgeon study prospectively considered all patients for day-case rigid or flexible URS over a 12-month period, with the only exclusion criteria being an American Society of Anesthesiologists score greater than 3 or a lack of aftercare. Results: Sixty-six patients were included with 61 being discharged the same day of surgery, meaning a pure day-case rate of 92% and 30-day postoperative readmission rate of 6%. Conclusion: This study suggests that URS should primarily be considered a day-case procedure whenever feasible. Level of evidence: 2c
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McCoard S, Heiser A, Lowe K, Molenaar A, MacLean P, Johnstone P, Leath S, Hoskin SO, Khan MA. Effect of weaning age on growth, mammary gland development, and immune function in Holstein Friesian calves fed conserved alfalfa (FiberStart). J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:6076-6087. [PMID: 31079903 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate intake, body growth, and the development of the rumen, mammary gland, and immune system in Holstein Friesian calves reared for 100 d on the commercially available feed FiberStart (conserved alfalfa, Medicago sativa; Fiber Fresh Feeds Ltd., Reporoa, New Zealand) and fed calf milk replacer (CMR) for either 56 or 91 d. Eighty calves (40 bulls and 40 heifer calves) were reared indoors in groups (n = 5 of the same sex/pen). All calves were fed 4 L of CMR/d (175 g/L of CMR) in 2 feeds/d for the first 10 d and then 1 feed/d until d 49 or 84. The calves were gradually weaned by d 56 (earlier weaned; n = 8 pens) and d 91 (later weaned; n = 8 pens). All calves were fed FiberStart ad libitum as the only solid feed source from d 1 to 100 of the study. Irrespective of treatment, all calves had similar body weights at d 0 (40.9 ± 3.0 kg) and d 49 (74.2 ± 5.1 kg) of the study. Calf sex had no effect on intake, growth, blood, and immune system parameters. Earlier-weaned calves consumed 18% more solid feed dry matter but had 16% lower body weight gain (28.9 vs. 38.5 kg, respectively) from d 56 to 100 relative to later-weaned calves, resulting in different body weight at 100 d (104 vs. 121 ± 1.3 kg). Although earlier-weaned calves could compensate for the loss of CMR dry matter and crude protein intake from d 56 to 100 by increasing forage intake, they were unable to compensate for the loss of energy from the CMR by increasing solid feed consumption. Plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were 52% greater in earlier-weaned calves than in later-weaned calves at d 84, indicating greater metabolic activity of the rumen wall. The duration of CMR feeding had no influence on humoral or cell-mediated immune functions of the calves, as evidenced by a lack of effect on antivaccine antibody responses as well as on immune gene expression. Earlier- versus later-weaned heifer calves had 5% lower mammary gland mass, indicating that greater energy supply increased mammary mass. The results of this experiment demonstrate the ability to artificially rear dairy calves on a conserved alfalfa as the only solid feed. Furthermore, earlier weaning off CMR promotes solid feed intake and an associated increase in blood β-hydroxybutyrate, an indicator of rumen development, but increasing the duration of CMR feeding improves growth and mammary gland mass by d 100. The implications of these findings on lifetime growth, health, and milk production in dairy heifers warrant further investigation.
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Dar KK, Ali S, Ejaz M, Nasreen S, Ashraf N, Gillani SF, Shafi N, Safeer S, Khan MA, Andleeb S, Mughal TA. In vivo induction of hepatocellular carcinoma by diethylnitrosoamine and pharmacological intervention in Balb C mice using Bergenia ciliata extracts. BRAZ J BIOL 2019; 79:629-638. [PMID: 31017181 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.186565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most frequent primary malignancy of liver and accounts for as many as one million deaths worldwide in a year. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-cancerous efficiency of Bergenia ciliata rhizome against diethylnitrosoamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Balb C mice. METHODS One percent diethylnitrosoamine was prepared by using 99 ml of normal saline NaCl (0.9 percent) solution to which was added 1 ml of concentrated diethylnitrosoamine (DEN) solution (0.01 μg/μl). Extract of Bergenia ciliata was prepared by maceration technique. Mice were classified into four groups as follows: Group 1 a control group (N=7) received saline solution (3.5 μl/mg), group 2 (N=14) received diethylnitrosoamine (3.5 μl/mg) intraperitoneally once in a week for eight consecutive weeks, group 3 (N=7) received plant extract (150 mg/kg (Body weight)) once in a week, while group 4 (N=7) was given combination of diethylnitrosoamine (3.5 μl/mg) and plant extract (150 mg/kg (Body weight)). After eight weeks of DEN induction group 2 mice were divided into two subgroups containing seven mice each, subgroup 1 was sacrificed while subgroup 2 was treated with plant extract (150 mg/kg (Body weight)) once in a week for eight consecutive weeks. RESULTS The model of DEN injected hepatocellular carcinomic (HCC) mice elicited significant decline in levels of albumin with concomitant significant elevations in tumor markers aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha feto protein (AFP), gamma glutamyl transferase (Y-GT), 5 nucleotidase (5NT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and bilirubin. The intraperitoneal administration of B. ciliata as a protective agent, produced significant increase in albumin levels with significant decrease in the levels of tumor markers aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha feto protein (AFP), gamma glutamyl transferase (Y-GT), 5 nucleotidase (5NT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and bilirubin. CONCLUSION Bergenia ciliata has potent antioxidant activity, radical scavenging capacity and anticancerous properties. Bergenia ciliata extracts may provide a basis for development of anti-cancerous drug.
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El-Dessoky MM, Khan MA. Application of fractional calculus to combined modified function projective synchronization of different systems. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2019; 29:013107. [PMID: 30709143 DOI: 10.1063/1.5079955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the analysis of fractional order dynamical system of combined modified function projective synchronization of different systems. Initially, we formulate the model in fractional order and then investigate their associated properties. We then investigate the chaotic behavior of different systems by considering the fractional order parameter. To obtain the simulation results of the models, we use the Runge-Kutta order four scheme and Adams-Bashforth scheme. The obtained results are discussed in detail for the various values of the fractional order parameters. The obtained graphical results reveal the significance of the fractional order modeling.
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Bonyah E, Khan MA, Okosun KO, Gómez-Aguilar JF. Modelling the effects of heavy alcohol consumption on the transmission dynamics of gonorrhea with optimal control. Math Biosci 2018; 309:1-11. [PMID: 30597155 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholism has become a global threat and has a serious health consequence in the society. In this paper, a deterministic alcohol model is formulated, analyzed and the basic properties established. The reproduction number R0 of system is determined. The steady states examined and local stability is found to be both locally and globally stable. The endemic state exhibit three equilibra solutions. Furthermore, time dependent control is incorporated into the system in order to establish the best strategy in controlling the alcohol consumption and gonorrhea dynamics, using Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. The numerical results depict that the best strategy to controlling gonorrhea is the application of the three controls at the same time.
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Holmer H, Bekele A, Hagander L, Harrison EM, Kamali P, Ng-Kamstra JS, Khan MA, Knowlton L, Leather AJM, Marks IH, Meara JG, Shrime MG, Smith M, Søreide K, Weiser TG, Davies J. Evaluating the collection, comparability and findings of six global surgery indicators. Br J Surg 2018; 106:e138-e150. [PMID: 30570764 PMCID: PMC6790969 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background In 2015, six indicators were proposed to evaluate global progress towards access to safe, affordable and timely surgical and anaesthesia care. Although some have been adopted as core global health indicators, none has been evaluated systematically. The aims of this study were to assess the availability, comparability and utility of the indicators, and to present available data and updated estimates. Methods Nationally representative data were compiled for all World Health Organization (WHO) member states from 2010 to 2016 through contacts with official bodies and review of the published and grey literature, and available databases. Availability, comparability and utility were assessed for each indicator: access to timely essential surgery, specialist surgical workforce density, surgical volume, perioperative mortality, and protection against impoverishing and catastrophic expenditure. Where feasible, imputation models were developed to generate global estimates. Results Of all WHO member states, 19 had data on the proportion of the population within 2h of a surgical facility, 154 had data on workforce density, 72 reported number of procedures, and nine had perioperative mortality data, but none could report data on catastrophic or impoverishing expenditure. Comparability and utility were variable, and largely dependent on different definitions used. There were sufficient data to estimate that worldwide, in 2015, there were 2 038 947 (i.q.r. 1 884 916–2 281 776) surgeons, obstetricians and anaesthetists, and 266·1 (95 per cent c.i. 220·1 to 344·4) million operations performed. Conclusion Surgical and anaesthesia indicators are increasingly being adopted by the global health community, but data availability remains low. Comparability and utility for all indicators require further resolution.
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Agusto FB, Khan MA. Optimal control strategies for dengue transmission in pakistan. Math Biosci 2018. [PMID: 30218686 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2017.99.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a deterministic model for dengue virus transmission. The model is parameterized using data from the 2017 dengue outbreak in Pakistan. We estimated the basic reproduction number (R0) without any interventions for the 2017 dengue outbreak in Peshawar district of Pakistan as R0≈2.64, the distribution of the reproduction number lies in the range R0∈[1.21,5.24] (with a mean R0≈2.64). Optimal control theory is then applied to investigate the optimal strategy for curtailing the spread of the disease using two time-dependent control variables determined from sensitivity analysis. These control variables are insecticide use and vaccination. The results show that the two controls avert the same number of infections in the district regardless of the weights on the costs this is due to the reciprocal relationship between the cost of insecticide use and vaccination. A strong reciprocal relationship exists between the use of insecticide and vaccination; as the cost of insecticide increases the use of vaccination increases. The use of insecticide on the other hand slightly increases when vaccination level decreases due to increase in cost.
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Agusto FB, Khan MA. Optimal control strategies for dengue transmission in pakistan. Math Biosci 2018; 305:102-121. [PMID: 30218686 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a deterministic model for dengue virus transmission. The model is parameterized using data from the 2017 dengue outbreak in Pakistan. We estimated the basic reproduction number (R0) without any interventions for the 2017 dengue outbreak in Peshawar district of Pakistan as R0≈2.64, the distribution of the reproduction number lies in the range R0∈[1.21,5.24] (with a mean R0≈2.64). Optimal control theory is then applied to investigate the optimal strategy for curtailing the spread of the disease using two time-dependent control variables determined from sensitivity analysis. These control variables are insecticide use and vaccination. The results show that the two controls avert the same number of infections in the district regardless of the weights on the costs this is due to the reciprocal relationship between the cost of insecticide use and vaccination. A strong reciprocal relationship exists between the use of insecticide and vaccination; as the cost of insecticide increases the use of vaccination increases. The use of insecticide on the other hand slightly increases when vaccination level decreases due to increase in cost.
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Rani N, Kaushal S, Singh S, Nandlal, Khan MA, Pathak AK. Evaluation of the relative efficacy of autologous platelet-rich fibrin membrane in combination with β-tricalcium phosphate (Septodont- resorbable tissue replacement)™ alloplast versus β-TCP alloplast alone in the treatment of grade II furcation defects. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2018; 9:196-204. [PMID: 30546235 PMCID: PMC6251299 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_68_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is considered as the second-generation platelet concentrate, contains combined properties of fibrin, platelets, leukocytes, growth factors, and cytokines that make it as healing biomaterial with incredible potential for hard tissue and soft tissue regeneration. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PRF with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) graft (R. T. R) and compare it with β-TCP allograft alone in the treatment of mandibular Grade II furcation defects. Material and Methods: A total of 20 mandibular Grade II furcation defects sites were assigned in the study and treated with either β-TCP alone (Group I) or β-TCP with PRF membrane (Group II). The clinical parameters analyzed were probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (GR), horizontal defect depth (HDD), and vertical defect depth (VDD), recorded baseline and at 6 months reentry. Results: At 6 months, both groups showed statistically significant results for all parameters from their baseline value, although intergroup changes were statistically insignificant. In Group I, gain in CAL was 2.80 ± 1.40 and in Group II it was 3.00 ± 1.44. Bone fill in Group I was VDD (3.50 ± 2.12) and HDD (3.70 ± 0.67), whereas Group II showed VDD (3.70 ± 1.57) and HDD (4.0 ± 0.88), respectively. PPD reduction was higher in Group I (3.50 ± 2.27) than Group II (2.80 ± 1.93). At reentry GR was established, Group I showed higher GR (0.70 ± 0.67) and Group II (0.40 ± 0.52). Conclusions: Significant improvement was found in both groups, but the combination of PRF with β-TCP allograft led to more favorable improvement in the management of Grade II furcation defect except PPD.
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Khan MA, Deib G, Deldar B, Patel AM, Barr JS. Efficacy and Safety of Percutaneous Microwave Ablation and Cementoplasty in the Treatment of Painful Spinal Metastases and Myeloma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:1376-1383. [PMID: 29794238 PMCID: PMC7655455 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Painful spinal metastases are a common cause of cancer-related morbidity. Percutaneous ablation presents an attractive minimally invasive alternative to conventional therapies. We performed a retrospective review of 69 patients with 102 painful spinal metastases undergoing microwave ablation and cementoplasty to determine the efficacy and safety of this treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Procedures were performed between January 2015 and October 2016 with the patient under general anesthesia using image guidance for 102 spinal metastases in 69 patients in the following areas: cervical (n = 2), thoracic (n = 50), lumbar (n = 34), and sacral (n = 16) spine. Tumor pathologies included the following: multiple myeloma (n = 10), breast (n = 27), lung (n = 12), thyroid (n = 6), prostate (n = 5), colon (n = 4), renal cell (n = 3), oral squamous cell (n = 1), and adenocarcinoma of unknown origin (n = 1). Procedural efficacy was determined using the visual analog scale measured preprocedurally and at 2-4 weeks and 20-24 weeks postprocedure. Tumor locoregional control was assessed on follow-up cross-sectional imaging. Procedural complications were recorded to establish the safety profile. RESULTS The median ablation time was 4 minutes 30 seconds ± 7 seconds, and energy dose, 4.1 ± 1.6 kJ. Median visual analog scale scores were the following: 7.0 ± 1.8 preprocedurally, 2 ± 1.6 at 2-4 weeks, and 2 ± 2.1 at 20-24 weeks. Eight patients died within 6 months following the procedure. Follow-up imaging in the surviving patients at 20-24 weeks demonstrated no locoregional progression in 59/61 patients. Two complications were documented (S1 nerve thermal injury and skin burn). CONCLUSIONS Microwave ablation is an effective and safe treatment technique for painful spinal metastases. Further studies may be helpful in determining the role of microwave ablation in locoregional control of metastases.
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Vishwakarma SK, Lakkireddy C, Sravani G, Sastry BVS, Raju N, Ahmed SI, Khan AA, Owaisi N, Jaisawal A, Khan MA, Khan AA. Association of CD14 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene polymorphisms with inflammatory microRNAs expression levels in ankylosing spondylitis and polyarthralgia. Int J Immunogenet 2018; 45:190-200. [PMID: 29863307 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the genetic basis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and polyarthralgia (PA) conditions among Indian subjects through genotyping two immune regulatory genes CD14 (-159C>T) and MIF (-173G>C) and find their association with the expression levels of three circulating inflammatory miRNAs. This investigation may provide early genetic cause of these two forms of arthritis and more optimal biological targets to predict early therapeutic outcomes. A total of 140 patients (AS: 70 and PA: 70) and 156 controls were recruited from Indian population. CD14 and MIF genotyping was performed using ARMS-PCR. Expression level of three inflammatory miRNAs (miRNA-146a, miRNA-155 and miRNA-181) was quantified using RT-qPCR. C/T genotype of CD14 gene was found to cause 2.06-fold risk of developing AS (CI 1.06-5.98, p = .04) as compared to others and G/C genotype in MIF also shown significant variation between AS and control subjects. In PA subjects, CD14 genotypes (C/T) was found to be associated with disease susceptibility and G/C genotype of MIF gene polymorphism showed 4.71-fold risk of developing PA (CI 2.58-8.62, p = .0001). The study also revealed significant upregulation of miRNA-155 expression in AS subjects (p = .0001) with more than 1.3-fold difference between AS and PA as compared to the control subjects. miRNA-155 had strong association with AS patients with CD14 genotypes (p < .05) than PA and control subjects. This study provides better understanding of the mechanisms and disease susceptibility for MIF and CD14 genetic variants and inflammatory miRNAs networks involved in AS and PA.
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Shahid M, Akram MS, Khan MA, Zubair M, Shah SM, Ismail M, Shabir G, Basheer S, Aslam K, Tariq M. A phytobeneficial strain Planomicrobium sp. MSSA-10 triggered oxidative stress responsive mechanisms and regulated the growth of pea plants under induced saline environment. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124:1566-1579. [PMID: 29444380 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The study was planned to characterize Planomicrobium sp. MSSA-10 for plant-beneficial traits and to evaluate its inoculation impact on physiology of pea plants under different salinity levels. METHODS AND RESULTS Strain MSSA-10 was isolated from pea rhizosphere and identified by the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence. The strain demonstrated phosphate solubilization and auxin production up to 2 mol l-1 NaCl and exhibited 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase activity up to 1·5 mol l-1 salt. In an inoculation experiment under different salinity regimes, a significant increase in growth was observed associated with decreased levels of reactive oxygen species and enhanced antioxidative enzyme activities. The strain also promoted the translocation of nutrients in plants with subsequent increase in chlorophyll and protein contents as compared to noninoculated plants. It has been observed that rifampicin-resistant derivatives of MSSA-10 were able to survive for 30 days at optimum cell density with pea rhizosphere. CONCLUSION Growth-stimulating effect of MSSA-10 on pea plants may be attributed to its rhizosphere competence, nutrient mobilization and modulation of plant oxidative damage repair mechanisms under saline environment. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Planomicrobium sp. MSSA-10 might be used as potent bioinoculant to relieve pea plants from deleterious effects of salinity.
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Khan MA, Leuenberger MN. Room-temperature superparamagnetism due to giant magnetic anisotropy in Mo S defected single-layer MoS 2. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:155802. [PMID: 29465042 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aab113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature superparamagnetism due to a large magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) of a single atom magnet has always been a prerequisite for nanoscale magnetic devices. Realization of two dimensional (2D) materials such as single-layer (SL) MoS2, has provided new platforms for exploring magnetic effects, which is important for both fundamental research and for industrial applications. Here, we use density functional theory (DFT) to show that the antisite defect (Mo S ) in SL MoS2 is magnetic in nature with a magnetic moment μ of ∼2 [Formula: see text] and, remarkably, exhibits an exceptionally large atomic scale MAE [Formula: see text] of ∼500 meV. Our calculations reveal that this giant anisotropy is the joint effect of strong crystal field and significant spin-orbit coupling (SOC). In addition, the magnetic moment μ can be tuned between 1 [Formula: see text] and 3 [Formula: see text] by varying the Fermi energy [Formula: see text], which can be achieved either by changing the gate voltage or by chemical doping. We also show that MAE can be raised to ∼1 eV with n-type doping of the MoS2:Mo S sample. Our systematic investigations deepen our understanding of spin-related phenomena in SL MoS2 and could provide a route to nanoscale spintronic devices.
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Khan MA, Kotenko KV, Korchazhkina NB, Chervinskaya AV, Mikitchenko NA, Lyan NA. [The promising directions for the further development of halotherapy in pediatric medicine]. VOPROSY KURORTOLOGII, FIZIOTERAPII, I LECHEBNOĬ FIZICHESKOĬ KULTURY 2018. [PMID: 28635700 DOI: 10.17116/kurort2016661-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This article is focused on the modern possibilities for the application of halotherapy with a view to prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of the children with special reference to the main bio-physical properties of the principal active factors of halotherapy including dry finely-dispersed sodium chloride aerosols and specific features of the mechanism of their therapeutic action. The extensive studies have been underway in the recent years for the purpose of development of the new effective methods for the reconstitution of the aerodispersive environment. Halotherapy can be provided either on an individual (haloinhalation) or a group (exposition in the halochambers and halorooms basis. Halotherapy has been shown to produce well apparent anti-inflammatory, draining, mucolytic, immunomodulatory, and sanogenetic action. The high effectiveness of halotherapy for the prophylactic application in the frequently ill children is emphasized together with the possibility of its extensive use for the treatment of acute respiratory diseases and combined medical rehabilitation of the children presenting with chronic ENT disorders, respiratory and skin diseases. The optimal technologies for the clinical application of various types of halotherapy are discussed.
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Singh AK, Pantola P, Khan MA, Tomar A, Dhabale V. Glaucoma awareness Indian military personnel: a tri-service study. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2018; 164:245-247. [PMID: 29459433 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2017-000894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In India, glaucoma is the third most common cause of blindness, reflecting both its asymptomatic presentation and a lack of knowledge in the general population. No previous published data of glaucoma awareness among the Indian Armed forces personnel exists, who constitute a unique group consisting of people drawn from all parts of the country and society. METHODS Bilingual questionnaires were distributed to 496 serving Army, Navy and Air Force personnel serving in units local to the Zonal military hospital in North India. Having heard of the term glaucoma resulted in the subject being 'glaucoma aware', while 'knowledge of glaucoma' required at least three out of six questions to be answered correctly. RESULTS 110/496 (22%) participants were found to be glaucoma aware, while knowledge of glaucoma was found in 60/496 (12%) participants. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that glaucoma awareness and knowledge is high compared with rural or urban Indian populations. This is likely reflects the frequent health camps conducted by the armed forces and periodic medical examinations. However, these figures are still low compared with developed countries and likely reflects differences in education standards, socioeconomic status and differing influences of the media.
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Algarni H, Al-Hagan OA, Bouarissa N, Khan MA, Alhuwaymel TF. Pseudopotential calculations of AlSb under pressure. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 190:215-219. [PMID: 28934699 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The dependence on hydrostatic pressure of the electronic and optical properties of zinc-blende AlSb semiconducting material in the pressure range of 0-20kbar has been reported using a pseudopotential approach. At zero pressure, our findings showed that the electron and heavy hole effective masses are 0.11 and 0.38m0, respectively. Moreover, our results yielded values of 3.3289 and 11.08 for refractive index and high frequency dielectric constant, respectively. These results are found to be in good accord with experiment. Upon compression, all physical parameters of interest showed a monotonic behavior. The pressure-induced energy shifts for the optical transition related to band-gaps indicated that AlSb remains an indirect (Г-X) band-gap semiconductor at pressures from 0 to 20kbar. The trend in all features of interest versus pressure has been presented and discussed. It is found that the lattice parameter is reduced from 0.61355 to 0.60705nm when pressure is raised from 0 to 20kbar. The present investigation may be useful for mid-infrared lasers applications, detectors and communication devices.
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