51
|
Olteanu C, Shear NH, Morita E, Chung WH, Niihara H, Matsukura S, Hashimoto R, Dodiuk-Gad RP. The 10th International Congress on Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions, Shimane, Japan, 2018: Focus on New Discoveries. Drug Saf 2019; 42:797-801. [PMID: 31037651 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-019-00818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
52
|
Martinez-Cabriales SA, Shear NH, Gonzalez-Moreno EI. Liver involvement in the drug reaction, eosinophilia, and systemic symptoms syndrome. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:705-716. [PMID: 30968035 PMCID: PMC6448072 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i6.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
First described in 1996, the drug reaction, eosinophilia, and systemic symptoms syndrome (DReSS) is considered, along with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis, a severe cutaneous drug reaction. It is characterized by the presence of a maculopapular erythematous skin eruption, fever, lymphadenopathy, influenza-like symptoms, eosinophilia, and visceral involvement such as hepatitis, pneumonitis, myocarditis, pericarditis, nephritis, and colitis. The prognosis of patients with DReSS is related to the severity of visceral involvement. The mortality ranges from approximately 5% to 10%, and death is mainly due to liver failure, which is also the organ most commonly involved in this syndrome. Although it was previously hypothesized in 1994, DReSS syndrome can lead to reactivation of one or more human herpesvirus family members. Now being included as diagnostic criteria in a proposed diagnostic score system, this reactivation can be detected up to 2-3 wk after DReSS syndrome onset. Other causes of mortality in DReSS syndrome include myocardial or pulmonary lesions and hemophagocytosis. We reviewed the literature of previously reported case-series of DReSS and liver involvement, highlighting the pattern of liver damage, the treatment used, and the outcome.
Collapse
|
53
|
Jaque A, Mereniuk A, Walsh S, Shear NH, Sade S, Zagorski B, Alhusayen R. Influence of the phenotype on mycosis fungoides prognosis, a retrospective cohort study of 160 patients. Int J Dermatol 2019; 58:933-939. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
54
|
Gupta AK, Versteeg SG, Rapaport J, Hausauer AK, Shear NH, Piguet V. The Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Field of Hair Restoration and Facial Aesthetics—A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Cutan Med Surg 2019; 23:185-203. [DOI: 10.1177/1203475418818073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
As a promising alternative to traditional treatment, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is being used to encourage hair growth through the release of growth factors and cytokines. In addition to hair restoration, PRP’s multifactorial capabilities can also be used to treat aging skin, facial scarring, and acne. The purpose of this review is to critically examine the success of PRP in the field of dermatology, with specific attention to the role of PRP in hair restoration. Where possible, meta-analyses were used to evaluate the efficacy of PRP. In androgenetic alopecia (AGA) patients, 3 monthly PRP injections (1 session administered every month for 3 months) exhibited greater efficacy over placebo as measured by change in total hair density (hair/cm2) over the treatment period (mean difference: 25.61, 95% CI: 4.45 to 46.77; P = .02). The studies included in the meta-analysis used a half-head design, which may have influenced the results because of the effects PRP can induce. Controlled studies suggest that 2 to 4 sessions of PRP combined with traditional therapies and procedures can help minimize acne scarring and facial burns, improve aesthetic results, and decrease recovery time. However, data for these indications are lacking and are less robust in design. In conclusion, to achieve an improvement in hair restoration in patients with mild AGA, 3 initial monthly PRP injections should be given. Only upon completion of rigorous, randomized, controlled studies can standardized and effective PRP protocols for treating dermatology conditions such as acne scarring, facial burns, and aging skin be determined.
Collapse
|
55
|
Kinoshita‐Ise M, Foster FS, Shear NH. Immune checkpoint inhibitor‐related alopecia: Insight into the pathophysiology utilizing non‐invasive diagnostic techniques. J Dermatol 2019; 46:e152-e153. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
56
|
Phillips EJ, Bigliardi P, Bircher AJ, Broyles A, Chang YS, Chung WH, Lehloenya R, Mockenhaupt M, Peter J, Pirmohamed M, Roujeau JC, Shear NH, Tanno LK, Trubiano J, Valluzzi R, Barbaud A. Controversies in drug allergy: Testing for delayed reactions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:66-73. [PMID: 30573342 PMCID: PMC6429556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Controversies exist with regard to in vivo approaches to delayed immunologically mediated adverse drug reactions, such as exanthem (maculopapular eruption), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, and fixed drug eruptions. In particular, widespread differences exist between regions and practice on the availability and use of intradermal and patch testing, the standard drug concentrations used, the use of additional drugs in intradermal and patch testing to help determine cross-reactivity, the timing of testing in relation to the occurrence of the adverse drug reaction, the use of testing in specific phenotypes, and the use of oral challenge in conjunction with delayed intradermal and patch testing to ascertain drug tolerance. It was noted that there have been advances in the science of delayed T cell-mediated reactions that have shed light on immunopathogenesis and provided a mechanism of preprescription screening in the case of HLA-B*57:01 and abacavir hypersensitivity and HLA-B*15:02 and carbamazepine Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis in Southeast Asian subjects. Future directions should include the collaboration of large international networks to develop and standardize in vivo diagnostic approaches, such as skin testing and patch testing, combined with ex vivo and in vitro laboratory approaches.
Collapse
|
57
|
Gupta AK, Mays RR, Versteeg SG, Piraccini BM, Takwale A, Shemer A, Babaev M, Grover C, Di Chiacchio NG, Taborda PRO, Taborda VBA, Shear NH, Piguet V, Tosti A. Global perspectives for the management of onychomycosis. Int J Dermatol 2018; 58:1118-1129. [PMID: 30585300 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Onychomycosis is a fungal nail infection caused by dermatophytes, nondermatophyte molds, and yeasts. This difficult-to-treat chronic infection has a tendency to relapse despite treatment. This paper aims to offer a global perspective on onychomycosis management from expert physicians from around the world. Overall, the majority of experts surveyed used systemic, topical, and combination treatments approved in their countries and monitored patients based on the product insert or government recommendations. Although the basics of treating onychomycosis were similar between countries, slight differences in onychomycosis management between countries were found. These differences were mainly due to different approaches to adjunctive therapy, rating the severity of disease and use of prophylaxis treatment. A global perspective on the treatment of onychomycosis provides a framework of success for the committed clinician with appreciation of how onychomycosis is managed worldwide.
Collapse
|
58
|
Singh S, Kalb RE, de Jong EMGJ, Shear NH, Lebwohl M, Langholff W, Hopkins L, Srivastava B, Armstrong AW. Effect of Age of Onset of Psoriasis on Clinical Outcomes with Systemic Treatment in the Psoriasis Longitudinal Assessment and Registry (PSOLAR). Am J Clin Dermatol 2018; 19:879-886. [PMID: 30267377 PMCID: PMC6267545 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-018-0388-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to compare therapeutic response among patients with early-onset psoriasis (EOP) and late-onset psoriasis (LOP) receiving adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab, ustekinumab, or methotrexate in the Psoriasis Longitudinal Assessment and Registry (PSOLAR). METHODS Patients were grouped by age of onset: EOP (age ≤ 40 years) or LOP (age > 40 years). Repeated-measures analysis with logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (AOR; adjusted for baseline characteristics) for achieving a Physician's Global Assessment score of cleared/minimal (PGA 0/1) or a percentage of body surface area involved with psoriasis < 3% (%BSA < 3) or %BSA < 1 for all patients; similar sensitivity analyses were performed for each treatment group. RESULTS Of 7511 patients, 5479 (72.9%) had EOP. The LOP group had a higher likelihood of achieving PGA 0/1 after treatment than did the EOP group in all patients (AOR 1.14 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-1.25]; p = 0.0019); the same was true in subgroups of etanercept-treated (AOR 1.38 [95% CI 1.14-1.66]; p = 0.0010) and methotrexate-treated (AOR 1.62 [95% CI 1.16-2.26]; p = 0.0049) patients. No significant difference was found between the EOP and LOP groups with regard to the likelihood of achieving %BSA < 3 or %BSA < 1 among all patients. However, LOP patients were more likely than EOP patients to achieve %BSA < 3 or %BSA < 1 in subgroups treated with infliximab (AOR 1.45 [95% CI 1.09-1.93; p = 0.0103] and AOR 1.36 [95% CI 1.03-1.78; p = 0.0290], respectively) and etanercept (AOR 1.30 [95% CI 1.06-1.61; p = 0.0123] and AOR 1.34 [95% CI 1.09-1.64; p = 0.0053], respectively). CONCLUSION Our real-world data from PSOLAR indicate that there are differences in some patient characteristics between EOP and LOP and that patients with EOP are less likely than those with LOP to respond to certain systemic treatments. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00508547).
Collapse
|
59
|
Ighani A, Partridge ACR, Shear NH, Lynde C, Gulliver WP, Sibbald C, Fleming P. Comparison of Management Guidelines for Moderate-to-Severe Plaque Psoriasis: A Review of Phototherapy, Systemic Therapies, and Biologic Agents. J Cutan Med Surg 2018; 23:204-221. [PMID: 30463416 DOI: 10.1177/1203475418814234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Many international guidelines for management of psoriasis exist and most have variations in grading evidence quality, strength of recommendations, and dosing. The objective of our review is to compare international guidelines published in the United Kingdom, Canada, Europe, and the United States for the management of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. METHODS: We conducted a literature review on systemic therapies and phototherapy for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in adult patients. The British, Canadian, European, and American guidelines served as the key comparators in our review. To identify relevant supporting clinical trials not referenced in the guidelines, we conducted literature searches in PubMed and EMBASE. Two authors independently extracted data on indications, dosing, efficacy, evidence grade, and strength of clinical recommendation for each therapy. RESULTS: Monoclonal antibodies directed toward tumour necrosis factor and interleukin (IL)-12/23 received the strongest recommendations for treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, supported by robust, high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Newer agents such as IL-17 and IL-23 inhibitors are not referenced in most guidelines. There are fewer RCTs for conventional therapies and few head-to-head comparisons with biologics, making it difficult to draw direct comparisons. Among older agents, methotrexate is most strongly recommended for long-term maintenance and cyclosporine is recommended for short-term control of flares. CONCLUSION: Physicians should individualize psoriasis-management strategies based on medication tolerance, efficacy, safety, patient comorbidities, availability of the medication, and patient preference.
Collapse
|
60
|
Gupta AK, Mays RR, Versteeg SG, Shear NH, Piguet V. Update on current approaches to diagnosis and treatment of onychomycosis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2018; 16:929-938. [DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2018.1544891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
61
|
Olteanu C, Shear NH, Chew HF, Hashimoto R, Alhusayen R, Whyte-Croasdaile S, Finkelstein Y, Burnett M, Ziv M, Sade S, Jeschke MG, Dodiuk-Gad RP. Severe Physical Complications among Survivors of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis. Drug Saf 2018; 41:277-284. [PMID: 29052094 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-017-0608-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few studies have reported the physical complications among Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) survivors. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to comprehensively characterize the physical complications among SJS/TEN survivors and to learn about patients' perspectives of surviving SJS/TEN. METHODS SJS/TEN survivors older than 18 years of age were assessed by different methods: a medical interview; a questionnaire assessing patients' perspectives; thorough skin, oral mucous membrane, and ophthalmic examinations; and a retrospective assessment of medical records. RESULTS Our cohort consisted of 17 patients with a mean time of 51.6 ± 74.7 months (median 9, range 1-228) following SJS/TEN. The most common physical complications identified in the medical examination were post-inflammatory skin changes (77%), cutaneous scars (46%), dry eyes (44%), symblepharon, and chronic ocular surface inflammation (33% each). Novel physical sequelae included chronic fatigue (76%) and pruritus (53%). We also found a novel association between the number of mucous membranes affected in the acute phase of SJS/TEN and hair loss during the 6 months following hospital discharge; hair loss was reported in 88% of the group of patients who had three or more mucous membranes affected versus 29% of patients who had less than three mucous membranes involved (p = 0.0406). Following hospital discharge due to SJS/TEN, 59% of patients were followed by a dermatologist, although 88% had dermatological complications; 6% were followed by an ophthalmologist, even though 67% had ophthalmological complications; and 6% of female survivors were followed by a gynecologist, even though 27% had gynecological complications. CONCLUSION Survivors of SJS/TEN suffer from severe physical complications impacting their health and lives that are mostly under recognized and not sufficiently treated by medical professionals.
Collapse
|
62
|
Gupta AK, Mays RR, Versteeg SG, Shear NH, Friedlander SF. Onychomycosis in children: Safety and efficacy of antifungal agents. Pediatr Dermatol 2018; 35:552-559. [PMID: 29943838 DOI: 10.1111/pde.13561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Onychomycosis is an uncommon condition in childhood, but prevalence in children is increasing worldwide.The objective was to review the efficacy and safety of systemic and topical antifungal agents to treat onychomycosis in children. Databases (Pubmed, OVID, Scopus, clinicaltrials.gov, Cochrane Library) were searched. Seven studies were selected for inclusion. Only one was a randomized controlled trial. In total, 208 children were administered antifungal agents for the treatment of onychomycosis. Four reports of mild adverse events were documented (1.9% of treated children), one of which discontinued treatment (0.5%). Limitations of this review are the lack of randomized controlled trials available in pediatric onychomycosis. These findings suggest that antifungal therapies used to treat onychomycosis in children are associated with a low incidence of adverse events. Current dosing regimens for antifungal drugs are effective and appear safe to use in children, notwithstanding that the Food and Drug Administration has not approved any of these agents for the treatment of onychomycosis in children. To our knowledge, this review is the most up-to-date, comprehensive summary of pediatric onychomycosis treatment.
Collapse
|
63
|
Gupta AK, Versteeg SG, Shear NH. A practical application of onychomycosis cure - combining patient, physician and regulatory body perspectives. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 33:281-287. [PMID: 30005134 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to the high relapse rates and the rise of predisposing factors, the need for curing onychomycosis is paramount. To effectively address onychomycosis, the definition of cure used in a clinical setting should be agreed upon and applied homogeneously across therapies (e.g. oral, topical and laser treatments). In order to determine what is or what should be used to define cure in a clinical setting, a literature search was conducted to identify methods used to evaluate treatment success. The limitations, strengths, prevalence and utility of each outcome measure were investigated. Seven ways to measure treatment success were identified; mycological cure, patient/investigator assessments, complete cure, quality of life instruments, severity indexes, clinical cure and temporary clearance. Despite its shortcomings, mycological cure is the most objective and consistent outcome measure used across onychomycosis studies. It is suggested that diagnostic goals of onychomycosis should be used to define cure in a clinical setting. Modifications to outcome measures such as incorporating molecular-based techniques could be a future avenue to explore.
Collapse
|
64
|
Gupta AK, Versteeg SG, Shear NH. Confirmatory Testing Prior to Treating Toenail Onychomycosis Is Recommended in Canada. J Cutan Med Surg 2018; 22:244-245. [PMID: 29995444 DOI: 10.1177/1203475417746126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
65
|
Gupta AK, Mays RR, Dotzert MS, Versteeg SG, Shear NH, Piguet V. Efficacy of non-surgical treatments for androgenetic alopecia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:2112-2125. [PMID: 29797431 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia, or male/female pattern baldness, is the most common type of progressive hair loss disorder. The aim of this study was to review recent advances in non-surgical treatments for androgenetic alopecia and identify the most effective treatments. A network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted of the available literature of the six most common non-surgical treatment options for treating androgenetic alopecia in both men and women; dutasteride 0.5 mg, finasteride 1 mg, low-level laser therapy (LLLT), minoxidil 2%, minoxidil 5% and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Seventy-eight studies met the inclusion criteria, and 22 studies had the data necessary for a network meta-analysis. Relative effects show LLLT as the superior treatment. Relative effects show PRP, finasteride 1 mg (male), finasteride 1 mg (female), minoxidil 5%, minoxidil 2% and dutasteride (male) are approximately equivalent in mean change hair count following treatment. Minoxidil 5% and minoxidil 2% reported the most drug-related adverse events (n = 45 and n = 23, respectively). The quality of evidence of minoxidil 2% vs. minoxidil 5% was high; minoxidil 5% vs. placebo was moderate; dutasteride (male) vs. placebo, finasteride (female) vs. placebo, minoxidil 2% vs. placebo and minoxidil 5% vs. LLLT was low; and finasteride (male) vs. placebo, LLLT vs. sham, PRP vs. placebo and finasteride vs. minoxidil 2% was very low. Results of this NMA indicate the emergence of novel, non-hormonal therapies as effective treatments for hair loss; however, the quality of evidence is generally low. High-quality randomized controlled trials and head-to-head trials are required to support these findings and aid in the development of more standardized protocols, particularly for PRP. Regardless, this analysis may aid physicians in clinical decision-making and highlight the variety of non-surgical hair restoration options for patients.
Collapse
|
66
|
Kuehl B, Shear NH. The Evolution of Topical Formulations in Psoriasis. SKIN THERAPY LETTER 2018; 23:5-9. [PMID: 30086183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Most people with mild-to-moderate psoriasis manage their disease with topical therapies. However, adherence to topical treatment remains a challenge, as the daily application creates a significant treatment burden. New topical therapeutic options need to offer higher efficacy and better patient acceptability, including easier application, to reduce treatment burden and enhance patient adherence. Topical foam vehicles are innovative alternatives to creams and ointments, addressing many patient challenges with traditional vehicles. Well-designed foam vehicles are easily spread over large areas of the skin, while importantly not leaving a greasy or oily film on the skin after application. Calcipotriol/betamethasone diproprionate aerosol foam is a new psoriasis treatment option that is rapidly effective, offers greater efficacy versus ointment and gel formulations, and has been shown to increase patient treatment satisfaction. Hence, by addressing the several crucial unmet clinical needs in patients with mild-to-moderate psoriasis, this optimized foam formulation is poised to improve treatment follow-through.
Collapse
|
67
|
Jaque A, Mereniuk A, Sade S, Lansang P, Imrie K, Shear NH. Eosinophils in the skin-a red herring masking lymphoma: a case series. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2018; 6:2050313X18773127. [PMID: 29899986 PMCID: PMC5985601 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x18773127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilia, both peripheral and in cutaneous tissue, is not a typical finding in mycosis fungoides; in fact, when faced with a lymphoeosinophilic infiltrate, mycosis fungoides is often not part of initial differential considerations. However, eosinophilia has been described in certain subtypes of mycosis fungoides, namely, in folliculotropic mycosis fungoides. We describe three challenging cases of folliculotropic mycosis fungoides presenting with varied clinical morphologies and a dense lymphoeosinophilic infiltrate and/or severe hypereosinophilia that obscured the final diagnosis for years. Only after treatment of the eosinophilia were the underlying atypical lymphocytes more apparent on histology and a correct diagnosis made. Thus, when characteristic features of mycosis fungoides are subtle, eosinophils can act as a red herring in terms of clinico-pathologic correlation and may prevent early and accurate diagnosis of mycosis fungoides. We suggest that further studies are needed to evaluate whether treatments to reduce eosinophilia, once other causes have been excluded, may help clear the confounding reactive inflammatory infiltrate and facilitate the diagnosis of mycosis fungoides.
Collapse
|
68
|
Shah N, Alhusayen R, Walsh S, Shear NH. Methotrexate in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis: A Retrospective Study. J Cutan Med Surg 2018; 22:484-487. [DOI: 10.1177/1203475418781336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Atopic dermatitis is a common inflammatory condition of the skin. Moderate to severe cases not responding to topical treatments and lifestyle changes may need second-line therapy. Methotrexate has been suggested as an effective treatment in such cases. Objective: This study was done to determine the efficacy, adverse effects, and safety profile of methotrexate therapy in patients with atopic dermatitis. Materials/Methods: All adult patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis seen in the dermatology clinic at this tertiary hospital from January 2015 to December 2015 who were treated with methotrexate were reviewed in a retrospective chart review. Results: Forty-one patients (19 female, 22 male, mean age 45 years, range 19-90 years) were enrolled. Of these, 29% were naive to any systemic treatments in the past, including systemic corticosteroids. Methotrexate treatment resulted in excellent improvement (>75%) in 93% of patients, good (50%-75% improvement) in 5%, and partial (25%-50% improvement) in 2%. Median duration of therapy was 26 months, and 80% of patients were still on treatment at last review. Transient nonsignificant elevation of transaminases was the most common adverse effect noted in 20%, followed by nausea in 12% and fatigue in 7%. A fibroscan was done in 10 patients at cumulative doses ranging from 2 to 11 g methotrexate. No liver fibrosis was seen in these patients. Conclusion: Methotrexate is an effective treatment for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis with an acceptable safety profile. A low dose can be used to control the disease for prolonged periods without significant risk.
Collapse
|
69
|
Gupta AK, Versteeg SG, Shear NH. Common drug-drug interactions in antifungal treatments for superficial fungal infections. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 14:387-398. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2018.1461834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
70
|
Halani S, Foster FS, Breslavets M, Shear NH. Ultrasound and Infrared-Based Imaging Modalities for Diagnosis and Management of Cutaneous Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:115. [PMID: 29922650 PMCID: PMC5996893 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive bedside imaging tools are becoming more prevalent for assessing cutaneous lesions. Ultrasound used at specific frequencies allows us to assess margins of lesions to minimize the extent of the biopsy that is performed and improve cosmetic outcomes. Vascularity, seen on Doppler ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and stiffness, assessed on tissue elastography, can help differentiate between benign and malignant lesions for clinicians to be more judicious in deciding whether to biopsy. Moreover, research has shown the efficacy in using ultrasound in monitoring flares of hidradenitis suppurativa, a disease affecting apocrine gland-rich areas of the body, for which the current gold standard involves examining and scoring inflammatory lesions with the naked eye. Infrared-based modalities have also been on the uptrend to aid in clinical decision-making regarding suspiciousness of lesions. Reflectance confocal microscopy has lateral resolution that is comparable to histopathology and it has been shown to be an appropriate adjunctive tool to dermoscopy, specifically when evaluating melanomas. Optical coherence tomography has utility in determining lesion thickness because of its depth penetration, and spectrophotometric intracutaneous analysis is becoming more popular as a tool that can be used by general practitioners to know when to refer to dermatology regarding worrisome pigmented lesions. Strides have been made to incorporate electrical impedance spectroscopy alongside dermoscopy in decision-making regarding excision, although the evidence for its use in the clincial setting remains inconclusive. This paper reviews the efficacy and drawbacks of these techniques in the field of dermatology and suggests future directions.
Collapse
|
71
|
Shear NH, Jaque-Silva A, Mereniuk A, Jeschke MG. Sunnybrook Protocol for Treatment of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis. J Cutan Med Surg 2018; 22:535. [PMID: 29658307 DOI: 10.1177/1203475418770580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
72
|
Marshall JK, Bessette L, Thorne C, Shear NH, Lebovic G, Gerega SK, Millson B, Oraichi D, Gaetano T, Gazel S, Latour MG, Laliberté MC. Impact of the Adalimumab Patient Support Program's Care Coach Calls on Persistence and Adherence in Canada: An Observational Retrospective Cohort Study. Clin Ther 2018. [PMID: 29519714 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adalimumab (ADA) is a tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor indicated for use in various immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Patients receiving ADA in Canada are eligible to enroll in the AbbVie Care's Patient Support Program (PSP), which provides personalized services, including tailored interventions in the form of nurse-provided care coach calls (CCCs), with the goal of improving patients' experiences and outcomes. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of PSP services, including CCCs and patient characteristics, on persistence with and adherence to ADA for those patients enrolled in the PSP. A secondary objective was to estimate the effect of initial CCCs on treatment-initiation abandonment (ie, failure to initiate therapy after enrollment in the PSP). METHODS An observational retrospective cohort study was conducted. A patient linkage algorithm based on probabilistic matching was developed to link the AbbVie Care PSP database to the QuintilesIMS longitudinal pharmacy transaction database. Patients who started ADA therapy between July 2010 and August 2014 were selected, and their prescriptions were evaluated for 12 months after the date of ADA start to calculate days until drug discontinuation, that is, the end of persistence, defined as >90 days without therapy. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used for estimating hazard ratios for the association between persistence and patient characteristics and each PSP service. Adherence, measured by medication possession ratio, was calculated, and multivariate logistic regression provided adjusted odds ratios for the relationship between being adherent (medication possession ratio ≥80%) and patient characteristics and each PSP service. Treatment-initiation abandonment among patients who received an initial CCC compared with those who did not was analyzed using the χ2 test. FINDINGS Analysis of 10,857 linked patients yielded statistically significant differences in the hazard ratio of discontinuation and the likelihood of being adherent across multiple variables between patients who received CCCs in comparison to patients who did not. Patients receiving CCCs were found to have a 72% decreased risk for therapy discontinuation (hazard ratio = 0.282; P < 0.0001), and a greater likelihood of being adherent (odds ratio = 1.483; P < 0.0001), when compared with those patients who did not receive CCCs. The rate of treatment-initiation abandonment was significantly higher in patients who did not receive initial CCCs (P < 0.0001). IMPLICATIONS Ongoing CCCs, provided by AbbVie Care PSP, were associated with greater patient persistence and adherence over the first 12 months of treatment, while initial CCCs were associated with a lower rate of treatment-initiation abandonment. Results may inform the planning of interventions aimed at improving treatment adherence and patient outcomes.
Collapse
|
73
|
Ighani A, Georgakopoulos JR, Walsh S, Shear NH, Yeung J. A comparison of apremilast monotherapy and combination therapy for plaque psoriasis in clinical practice: A Canadian multicenter retrospective study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 78:623-626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
74
|
Manolio TA, Hutter CM, Avigan M, Cibotti R, Davis RL, Denny JC, Grenade LL, Wheatley LM, Carrington MN, Chantratita W, Chung WH, Dalton AD, Hung SI, Lee MTM, Leeder JS, Lertora JJL, Mahasirimongkol S, McLeod HL, Mockenhaupt M, Pacanowski M, Phillips EJ, Pinheiro S, Pirmohamed M, Sung C, Suwankesawong W, Trepanier L, Tumminia SJ, Veenstra D, Yuliwulandari R, Shear NH. Research Directions in Genetic Predispositions to Stevens-Johnson Syndrome / Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2018; 103:390-394. [PMID: 29105735 PMCID: PMC5805563 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) is one of the most devastating of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and was, until recently, essentially unpredictable. With the discovery of several risk alleles for drug-induced SJS/TEN and the demonstration of effectiveness of screening in reducing incidence, the stage is set for implementation of preventive strategies in populations at risk. Yet much remains to be learned about this potentially fatal complication of commonly used drugs.
Collapse
|
75
|
Abstract
Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis that may be caused by an adverse drug reaction. We discuss the clinical presentation and outcomes of 52 cases of drug-induced PG reported to date in the literature. We conducted our literature search for case reports of drug-induced PG using keywords on PubMed and Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms on MEDLINE and EMBASE. To assess the probability that each case of PG was related to drug therapy, we used the Naranjo criteria. We identified 44 studies in the literature, with a total of 52 cases of drug-induced PG. The mean Naranjo score for cocaine-induced PG (n = 13) was 9.4, indicating a definite adverse drug reaction, while the mean Naranjo scores for isotretinoin (n = 5), propylthiouracil (n = 5), and sunitinib (n = 5) were 6.2, 6.8, and 7.4, respectively, indicating probable adverse drug reactions. Drugs should be considered as a possible triggering event whenever PG is diagnosed, and clinicians should particularly consider this in patients taking isotretinoin, propylthiouracil, or sunitinib, as well as in patients with a history of cocaine use.
Collapse
|