51
|
Bianchi R, Coradini A, Federico C, Giberti G, Lanciano P, Pozzi JP, Sartoris G, Scandone R. Modeling of surface deformation in volcanic areas: The 1970-1972 and 1982-1984 crises of Campi Flegrei, Italy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb092ib13p14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
52
|
Othman A, Rütti MF, Ernst D, Saely CH, Rein P, Drexel H, Porretta-Serapiglia C, Lauria G, Bianchi R, von Eckardstein A, Hornemann T. Plasma deoxysphingolipids: a novel class of biomarkers for the metabolic syndrome? Diabetologia 2012; 55:421-31. [PMID: 22124606 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2384-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Sphingolipid synthesis is typically initiated by the conjugation of L-serine and palmitoyl-CoA, a reaction catalysed by serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). SPT can also metabolise other acyl-CoAs (C(12) to C(18)) and other amino acids such as L-alanine and glycine, giving rise to a spectrum of atypical sphingolipids. Here, we aimed to identify changes in plasma levels of these atypical sphingolipids to explore their potential as biomarkers in the metabolic syndrome and diabetes. METHODS We compared the plasma profiles of ten sphingoid bases in healthy individuals with those of patients with the metabolic syndrome but not diabetes, and diabetic patients (n = 25 per group). The results were verified in a streptozotocin (STZ) rat model. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used. RESULTS Deoxysphingolipids (dSLs) were significantly elevated (p = 5 × 10⁻⁶) in patients with the metabolic syndrome (0.11 ± 0.04 μmol/l) compared with controls (0.06 ± 0.02 μmol/l) but did not differ between the metabolic syndrome and diabetes groups. Levels of C(16)-sphingosine-based sphingolipids were significantly lowered in diabetic patients but not in patients with the metabolic syndrome but without diabetes (p = 0.008). Significantly elevated dSL levels were also found in the plasma and liver of STZ rats. A principal component analysis revealed a similar or even closer association of dSLs with diabetes and the metabolic syndrome in comparison with the established biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We showed that dSLs are significantly elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-diabetic metabolic syndrome compared with healthy controls. They may, therefore, be useful novel biomarkers to improve risk prediction and therapy monitoring in these patients.
Collapse
|
53
|
Bianchi R, Cervellini I, Porretta-Serapiglia C, Oggioni N, Burkey B, Ghezzi P, Cavaletti G, Lauria G. Beneficial effects of PKF275-055, a novel, selective, orally bioavailable, long-acting dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor in streptozotocin-induced diabetic peripheral neuropathy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 340:64-72. [PMID: 21984837 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.181529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
1-[(2-adamantyl)amino]acetyl-2-cyano-(S)-pyrrolidine, monohydrochloride (PKF275-055), a vildagliptin analog, is a novel, selective, potent, orally bioavailable, and long-acting dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor. We studied the effect of PKF275-055 administration on the prevention, protection, and treatment of diabetic neuropathy in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. PKF275-055 improved body and muscle weight. Oral glucose tolerance tests showed a marked improvement in glucose metabolism under all treatment schedules. When tested in prevention and protection experiments, PKF275-055 completely averted the decrease of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity and partially counteracted the nerve conduction velocity (NCV) deficit observed in untreated diabetic rats but had no effects on abnormal mechanical and thermal sensitivity. When used in a therapeutic setting, PKF275-055 induced a significant correction in the alteration in Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity and NCV present in untreated diabetics. Diabetic rats developed mechanical hyperalgesia within 2 weeks after streptozotocin injection and exhibited significantly longer thermal response latencies. It is noteworthy that PKF275-055 treatment restored mechanical sensitivity thresholds by approximately 50% (p < 0.01) and progressively improved the alteration in thermal responsiveness. In conclusion, PKF275-055 showed an anabolic effect, improved oral glucose tolerance, and counteracted the alterations in Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity, NCV, and nociceptive thresholds in diabetic rats. The present data support a potential therapeutic effect of PKF275-055 in the treatment of rodent diabetic neuropathy.
Collapse
|
54
|
Collini L, Pirondi A, Bianchi R, Cova M, Milella P. Influence of casting defects on fatigue crack initiation and fatigue limit of ductile cast iron. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2011.04.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
55
|
Calabrò P, Bianchi R, Caprile M, Sordelli C, Cappelli Bigazzi M, Palmieri R, Gigantino G, Limongelli G, Capozzi G, Cuomo S, Calabrò R. Use of NaCl saline hydration and N-Acetyl Cysteine to prevent contrast induced nephropathy in different populations of patients at high and low risk undergoing coronary artery angiography. Minerva Cardioangiol 2010; 58:35-40. [PMID: 20145594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is most commonly defined as acute renal failure occurring within 48-72 h of exposure to intravascular radiographic contrast medium that is not attributable to other causes. In international literature a 25% increase in serum creatinine levels or an increase in absolute values of 0.5 mg/dL from baseline has been suggested to define CIN. The reported incidence of CIN varies widely, ranging from 2% to 50%. This variability results from differences in the presence or absence of risk factors. With a retrospective analysis authors evaluated the use of NaCl saline hydration and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) to prevent CIN in different populations of patients at high and low risk undergoing coronary artery angiography. METHODS From January 2007 to December 2008, 597 patients underwent coronary artery angiography with a low osmolarity contrast agent. Nephrotoxic drugs such as diuretics, metformin, ACE-I and ARBs were stopped at least 24 h before the procedure. The population was divided into two groups: group A (high risk 342 patients, 57.2%) identified for the presence of at least one risk factor such as diabetes, age >65 years, baseline creatinine >1.4 mg/dL and group B (low risk 255 patients, 42.8%) for the absence of any of the risk mentioned above. Only group A was treated with a saline hydration (1 mL/kg/h) plus NAC 600 mg 12 h before and 12 h after the procedure. RESULTS The overall incidence of CIN was 6.7% (40 patients). In particular, the incidence of CIN was 4.4% (15 patients) in the group A and 9.8% (25 patients) in the group B respectively (P=0.017). Interestingly, the Contrast Index (volume administrated/theoretical maximum volume) was significantly lower in group B (P<0.005). In the multivariate analysis, including risk factors such as age, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterol-mia, current smoke, baseline creatinine level, Contrast Index and hydration, the last variable was the only one inversely correlated independently with the incidence of CIN (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS The hydration with saline and NAC is an effective and low-cost tool in preventing CIN in patients undergoing coronary artery angiography and, according to the current guidelines, should be used in all high-risk patients. Present results show that even in patients at low risk for CIN, hydration could be useful: in fact, despite the Contrast Index was significantly lower in this population, the incidence of CIN was greater, thus suggesting a potential role for hydration also in the low-risk population.
Collapse
|
56
|
Giatti S, Pesaresi M, Cavaletti G, Bianchi R, Carozzi V, Lombardi R, Maschi O, Lauria G, Garcia-Segura L, Caruso D, Melcangi R. Neuroprotective effects of a ligand of translocator protein-18kDa (Ro5-4864) in experimental diabetic neuropathy. Neuroscience 2009; 164:520-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
57
|
Remuzzi A, Cornolti R, Bianchi R, Figliuzzi M, Porretta-Serapiglia C, Oggioni N, Carozzi V, Crippa L, Avezza F, Fiordaliso F, Salio M, Lauria G, Lombardi R, Cavaletti G. Regression of diabetic complications by islet transplantation in the rat. Diabetologia 2009; 52:2653-61. [PMID: 19789851 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1537-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease leading to complications such as peripheral neuropathies, nephropathy and cardiovascular disease. Pancreatic islet transplantation is being extensively investigated for blood glucose control in animals and in human type 1 diabetic patients, but the question of whether it can reverse long-term diabetic complications has not been fully explored. We investigated the effects of islet transplantation on diabetic complications in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. METHODS Three groups of rats were used: healthy controls, diabetic and diabetic rats transplanted with microencapsulated islets at 2 months after diabetes induction, when neuropathy was detectable by a decrease in tail nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and impaired nociceptive thresholds. Blood glucose levels and body weight were measured weekly. The variables considered were: thermal (hot plate test) and mechanical sensitivity (Randal-Selitto paw withdrawal test), NCV and Na+, K+-ATPase activity in the sciatic nerve. At the end of the experiments hearts were removed for morphometric determination and myocyte number, and kidneys removed for histological examination. RESULTS Islet transplantation in diabetic rats induced normoglycaemia in a few days, accompanied by a rapid rise in body weight and amelioration of impaired nociceptive thresholds, as well as normalisation of NCV and Na(+), K(+)-ATPase, which were both about 25% below normal in diabetic rats. Myocyte loss was reduced (-34%) by islet transplantation and the observed mild kidney damage of diabetic rats was prevented. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Besides controlling glycaemia, transplantation of microencapsulated pancreatic islets induced almost complete regression of neuropathy and prevented cardiovascular alterations.
Collapse
|
58
|
Maroli M, Jalouk L, Al Ahmed M, Bianchi R, Bongiorno G, Khoury C, Gradoni L. Aspects of the bionomics of Phlebotomus sergenti sandflies from an endemic area of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Aleppo Governorate, Syria. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2009; 23:148-154. [PMID: 19493194 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2009.00808.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aspects of the bionomics of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) were studied from June to November 2005 in three foci of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in Aleppo Governorate, Syria, where the agent Leishmania tropica (Wright) (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) is transmitted by Phlebotomus sergenti Parrot. Syria has been designated by the World Health Organization as one of four countries in the Old World where cutaneous leishmaniasis is hyperendemic, but little is known about the biology of local vector populations. Standard collections by sticky traps showed two peaks in density, in June and late August. In total, 1840 sandflies were caught, comprising five species: Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) (68.0%); P. sergenti (25.4%); Sergentomyia minuta (Rondani) (6.4%); Phlebotomus tobbi Adler & Theodor (0.1%), and Phlebotomus mascittii canaaniticus Adler & Theodor (0.1%). Similar numbers of P. sergenti were caught indoors (246 specimens) and outdoors (222), whereas P. papatasi was significantly more abundant indoors (1096 specimens) than outdoors (156) (chi(2) = 241, P < 0.01). In total, 212 blood-fed females were tested for host blood determination, of which 176 (83.0%) reacted with anti-species reagent. Results from 20 P. sergenti suggest that this species is an opportunistic feeder, imbibing human, ovine, avian, bovine and feline blood, although more bloodmeals were taken from humans and cattle than expected in relation to the relative proportions of potential hosts present (the forage ratio, FR). The bionomics of P. sergenti are discussed in relation to the inefficacy of control campaigns based on indoor spraying with residual insecticides that have been implemented by the Syrian Ministry of Health to control the epidemics of ACL in the Aleppo Governorate.
Collapse
|
59
|
Mariani G, Bonaguidi F, Bianchi R. Turnover studies with radioiodinated albumin in uremic patients. ACTA MEDICA SCANDINAVICA 2009; 204:129-30. [PMID: 685720 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1978.tb08411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
60
|
Katz NP, Buse DC, Budman SH, Wing Venuti S, Fernandez KC, Benoit C, Bianchi R, Cooper D, Jasinski DR, Smith DE, Butler SF. Development and Preliminary Experience with an Ease of Extractability Rating System for Prescription Opioids. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 32:727-46. [PMID: 16885128 DOI: 10.1080/03639040500529093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
One important factor in the abuse potential of an opioid product is the ease with which active drug can be extracted. There are currently no standards for testing or reporting extractability. This article describes the development of an Extractability Rating System for use by the pharmaceutical industry and regulators. Despite several limitations, this effort serves as a call for standardized testing and reporting so that products can be accurately rated, and should help establish goals for drug developers who wish to develop "abuse-resistant" opioid products.
Collapse
|
61
|
Bianchi R, Scaramellini G, Fontanella W, Ibba T, Tragni G, Ferraro L, Rezzonico S, Guzzo M. O.500 Oral cavity melanoma: series of the Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-5182(08)71624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
62
|
Bianchi R, Scaramellini G, Fontanella W, Ibba T, Tragni G, Ferraro L, Rezzonico S, Guzzo M. O.501 Oral cavity melanoma: series of the Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-5182(08)71625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
63
|
Roglio I, Bianchi R, Gotti S, Scurati S, Giatti S, Pesaresi M, Caruso D, Panzica G, Melcangi R. Neuroprotective effects of dihydroprogesterone and progesterone in an experimental model of nerve crush injury. Neuroscience 2008; 155:673-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Revised: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
64
|
Rezzani R, Tengattini S, Bonomini F, Filippini F, Pecháňová O, Bianchi R, Andriantsitohaina R. Red wine polyphenols prevent cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity at the level of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Physiol Res 2008; 58:511-519. [PMID: 18656999 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.931570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, polyphenol derivatives of plant origin, possess a broad range of pharmacological properties. A number of studies have found both pro/anti-apoptotic effects for many of these compounds. For these reasons we investigated whether Provinols flavonoids obtained from red wine, have anti-apoptotic properties. The investigations have been carried out in rats treated with Cyclosporine A (CsA). In particular, four groups of rats have been treated for 21 days with either olive oil (control group), with CsA, with Provinols, or with CsA and Provinols simultaneously. Oxidative stress, systolic blood pressure, body weight, biochemical parameters and different markers of pro/anti-apoptotic pathway were measured. CsA produced an increase of systolic blood pressure, a decrease in body weight, serum creatinine levels, urinary total protein concentration and creatinine clearance. Moreover, CsA induced renal alterations and the translocation of Bax and cytochrome c from cytoplasm to mitochondria and vice versa. These changes activated the caspase cascade pathway, that leads to morphological and biochemical features of apoptosis. Provinols restored morphological and biochemical alterations and prevented nephrotoxicity. In conclusion, this study may augment our current understanding of the controversial pro-/anti-apoptotic properties of flavonoids and their molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
|
65
|
Rodella L, Rezzani R, Corsetti G, Bianchi R. NITRIC OXIDE INVOLVEMENT IN THE TRIGEMINAL HYPERALGESIA IN DIABETIC RATS. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8027.2000.22-43.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
66
|
Bianchi R, Pilo A, Toni MG, Donato L. Short-term determination of plasma protein turnover by a two-tracer technique using plasma only or plasma and urine data. CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM 2008; 9:47-72. [PMID: 4488018 DOI: 10.1002/9780470719923.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
67
|
Rodella LF, Ricci F, Borsani E, Stacchiotti A, Foglio E, Favero G, Rezzani R, Mariani C, Bianchi R. Aluminium exposure induces Alzheimer's disease-like histopathological alterations in mouse brain. Histol Histopathol 2008; 23:433-9. [PMID: 18228200 DOI: 10.14670/hh-23.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) is a neurotoxic metal and Al exposure may be a factor in the aetiology of various neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The major pathohistological findings in the AD brain are the presence of neuritic plaques containing beta-amyloid (Abeta) which may interfere with neuronal communication. Moreover, it has been observed that GRP78, a stress-response protein induced by conditions that adversely affect endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function, is reduced in the brain of AD patients. In this study, we investigated the correlation between the expression of Abeta and GRP78 in the brain cortex of mice chronically treated with aluminium sulphate. Chronic exposure over 12 months to aluminium sulphate in drinking water resulted in deposition of Abeta similar to that seen in congophilic amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in humans and a reduction in neuronal expression of GRP78 similar to what has previously been observed in Alzheimer's disease. So, we hypothesise that chronic Al administration is responsible for oxidative cell damage that interferes with ER functions inducing Abeta accumulation and neurodegenerative damage.
Collapse
|
68
|
Catena F, Bianchi R, Ansaloni L, Pinna A. Hemothorax caused by rupture of a primitive thoracic leiomyosarcoma of the thoracic aorta: Description of a case and literature review. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008; 135:688-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
69
|
Bonomini F, Tengattini S, Fabiano A, Bianchi R, Rezzani R. Atherosclerosis and oxidative stress. Histol Histopathol 2008; 23:381-90. [PMID: 18072094 DOI: 10.14670/hh-23.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the morphological features of atherosclerosis and the involvement of oxidative stress in the initiation and progression of this disease. There is now consensus that atherosclerosis represents a state of heightened oxidative stress characterized by lipid and protein in the vascular wall. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key mediators of signaling pathways that underlie vascular inflammation in atherogenesis, starting from the initiation of fatty streak development, through lesion progression, to ultimate plaque rupture. Plaque rupture and thrombosis result in the acute clinical complications of myocardial infarction and stroke. Many data support the notion that ROS released from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, myeloperoxidase (MPO), xanthine oxidase (XO), lipoxygenase (LO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and enhanced ROS production from dysfunctional mitochondrial respiratory chain, indeed, have a causatory role in atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases. Moreover, oxidative modifications in the arterial wall can contribute to the arteriosclerosis when the balance between oxidants and antioxidants shifts in favour of the former. Therefore, it is important to consider sources of oxidants in the context of available antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase and transferases thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases and peroxiredoxins. Here, we review also the mechanisms in which they are involved in order to accelerate the pace of the discovery and facilitate development of novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
70
|
Lanini B, Bianchi R, Binazzi B, Romagnoli I, Pala F, Gigliotti F, Scano G. Chest wall kinematics during cough in healthy subjects. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2007; 190:351-8. [PMID: 17394566 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2007.01701.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The study of kinematics of the chest wall (CW) could allow us to define the relative deflationary contribution of its compartments during fits of coughing. We hypothesized that if forces applied to the lung apposed rib cage are not commensurate with those applied to the abdomen-apposed rib cage, cough could result in rib cage distortion. METHODS In 12 (five women) healthy subjects we evaluated the volumes of CW (Vcw) and its compartments: the lung apposed rib cage, the abdomen apposed rib cage and the abdomen, by optoelectronic plethysmography. The loop of volume of the lung apposed rib cage/volume of the abdomen apposed rib cage allowed the calculation of mean rib cage distortion, resulting in a dimensionless number which, when multiplied by 100, gives percentage distortion. Each subject performed voluntary single and prolonged coughing efforts at functional residual capacity (FRC) and after maximal inspiration (max). The normal level of mean distortion was set at <0.5%. RESULTS The three compartments contributed to reducing end-expiratory Vcw during cough at FRC and prolonged maximum cough, with the latter resulting in the greatest CW deflation. Mean rib cage distortion did not differ between men and women (P > 0.1), but tended to significantly increase from single to prolonged Cough Max (1.3% +/- 1.0 vs. 2.3% +/- 1.6, respectively; P = 0.06). CONCLUSION Rib cage distortion may ensue during coughing, probably as a result of uneven distribution of forces applied to the rib cage.
Collapse
|
71
|
Roglio I, Bianchi R, Giatti S, Cavaletti G, Caruso D, Scurati S, Crippa D, Garcia-Segura LM, Camozzi F, Lauria G, Melcangi RC. Testosterone derivatives are neuroprotective agents in experimental diabetic neuropathy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2007; 64:1158-68. [PMID: 17417742 PMCID: PMC11136350 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-007-7002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study we have assessed the effect of testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 5alphaandrostan-3alpha, 17beta-diol (3alpha-diol) therapies on diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes was induced in adult male rats by the injection of streptozotocin and resulted in decreased T and increased 3alpha-diol levels in plasma and in decreased levels of pregnenolone and DHT in the sciatic nerve. Moreover, a reduced expression of the enzyme converting Tinto DHT (i.e., the 5alpha-reductase) also occurs at the level of sciatic nerve, suggesting that the decrease of DHT levels could be due to an impairment of this enzyme. Chronic treatment for 1 month with DHT or 3alpha-diol increased tail nerve conduction velocity and partially counteracted the increase of thermal threshold induced by diabetes. Treatment with DHT increased tibial Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity and the expression of myelin protein P0 in the sciatic nerve.DHT, 3alpha-diol and T reversed the reduction of intra-epidermal nerve fiber density induced by diabetes. These observations indicate that T metabolites can reverse behavioral, neurophysiological, morphological and biochemical alterations induced by peripheral diabetic neuropathy.
Collapse
|
72
|
Franchi I, Lolli A, Bianchi R, Bortolini S, Consolo U. Professional clinical bleaching with Pola Office: 6-month clinical results with spectrophotometric analysis. MINERVA STOMATOLOGICA 2007; 56:191-208. [PMID: 17452957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the professional bleaching treatment with Pola Office (SDI): the shade, chroma and value parameters of the anterior upper elements were analysed. METHODS At the Prosthetic Unit of the Modena and Reggio Emilia University, 10 patients were selected. All patients underwent oral hygiene treatment and spectrophotometric analysis (Spectro-Shade) of the 6 front elements: the variables L (value), c (chroma), and h (shade) were examined in the cervical, mesial and incisal sections. Spectrophotometric analysis was repeated 6 months after initial bleaching. The patients were asked to report the degree of sensitivity after 3, 6, 12 and 24 h and after 3, 6, 7, and 10 days. RESULTS The value (L) of the treated elements increases after bleaching, the chroma parameter (c) showed lower values than those prior to treatment (except for the first patient); this means a shift towards a lower degree of saturation. The course of the shade parameter is uniform and constant for all patients, with a shift towards yellow chroma values. Postoperative sensitivity was confined to the first 3 h after treatment, after which it showed a steady decrease over 24 h. CONCLUSIONS Esthetic results obtained using the Pola Office bleaching procedure were visibly significant; confirmed by colorimeter analysis. The harmony between chroma, shade and value remained 6 months after the bleaching treatment; the sensitivity is particularly high in the first hour, however after 24 h sensitivity is greatly reduced.
Collapse
|
73
|
Rizzoni D, De Ciuceis C, Porteri E, Boari GEM, Mortini P, Cornali C, Rodella L, Miclini M, Zani F, Rizzardi N, Platto C, Paiardi S, Rezzani R, Bianchi R, Agabiti Rosei E. Patients with Essential Hypertension Show the Presence of an Altered Structure of Small Cerebral Arteries. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2007. [DOI: 10.2165/00151642-200714030-00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
|
74
|
Porteri E, Pasini E, Flati V, Paiardi S, Assanelli D, Corsetti G, Speca S, Bianchi R, Rizzardi N, Rizzoni D, Agabiti Rosei E. Impaired Insulin Signalling in the Heart and Skeletal Muscle of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats, and Effects of Treatment with an Angiotensin Receptor Blocker or with an ACE Inhibitor. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2007. [DOI: 10.2165/00151642-200714030-00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
|
75
|
Porteri E, Pasini E, Flati V, Paiardi S, Assanelli D, Corsetti G, Speca S, Bianchi R, Rizzardi N, Rizzoni D, Agabiti Rosei E. Impaired Insulin Signalling in Lympho/Monocytes of Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2007. [DOI: 10.2165/00151642-200714030-00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
|