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Chandirasekar R, Suresh K, Sasikala K, Kumar BL, Venkatesan R, Ganesh GK, Jacob R. Genotoxicity assessment in smokeless tobacco users: a case-control study. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 29:216-23. [PMID: 22317826 DOI: 10.1177/0748233711432571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
India has a long history of tobacco, which includes chewing tobacco and smoking tobacco in various forms. Initially, the smokeless tobacco chewing habit was seen among the majority of the farmers who cultivated tobacco; but in recent years, smokeless tobacco is available in many forms and is cheaper as well and hence it is widely being used among literate and illiterate people. The subjects of our study are living in hilly regions of Yerkaud in Salem district, South India. Most of the inhabitants of our study area are illiterate and more particularly they are unaware of the health effects due to tobacco use. Recent epidemiological reports have strongly indicated the association of cancer risk with usage of smokeless tobacco. The prime aim of our study is to evaluate the genotoxic effects of tobacco use by analysing the cytogenetic end points such as chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood and micronucleus in peripheral blood and buccal cells. About 85 smokeless tobacco users were enrolled for the study and same numbers of age- and sex-matched nontobacco users were also enrolled to serve as controls. The result of our study revealed that tobacco users displayed varied levels of elevated chromosomal damage and micronucleated cells than nontobacco users. The variation in the extent of genetic damage was dependent on the duration of the tobacco use. In conclusion, this study might be helpful in creating awareness on the hazards of the smokeless tobacco products among the global population as a whole for those who chose such products as a cheap alternative to tobacco smoke.
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Bala Murali Krishna M, Venkatramaiah N, Venkatesan R, Narayana Rao D. Synthesis and structural, spectroscopic and nonlinear optical measurements of graphene oxide and its composites with metal and metal free porphyrins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm14822b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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53
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Mohammed Fayaz A, Girilal M, Rahman M, Venkatesan R, Kalaichelvan P. Biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus stearothermophilus. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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54
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Chandirasekar R, Suresh K, Jayakumar R, Venkatesan R, Lakshman Kumar B, Sasikala K. XRCC1 gene variants and possible links with chromosome aberrations and micronucleus in active and passive smokers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 32:185-192. [PMID: 21843798 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 11/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco addiction is a major risk for diseases such as cancers, heart attack, etc. Tobacco smoke constitutes environmental toxins that are the major preventable leading cause of death worldwide. We investigated the influence of tobacco smoke on cytogenetic parameters (chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei) and the influence of XRCC1 arg399gln polymorphism on the cytogenetic parameters of the exposed subjects. The cases for this study include active and passive smokers. They were divided into three groups in accordance with duration of exposure to tobacco smoke. We observed changes in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei among the exposed subjects and controls. Of the three groups of exposed subjects, group III of active smokers and group III of passive smokers showed higher number of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei when compared to controls, group I and group II of active and passive smokers. The XRCC1 arg399gln polymorphic variant gln/gln, influenced the extent of genotoxic damage in chromosomes and frequency of in micronuclei the three variants (arg/arg, arg/gln and gln/gln), gln/gln harbored significantly (P<0.05) higher number of aberrations than the arg/arg and arg/gln. In this context, the results observed in our study indicated that the single nucleotide polymorphism on XRCC1codon 399 influenced the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei.
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Roy B, Verma S, Awasthi R, Rathore R, Venkatesan R, Yoganathan S, Das JM, Prasad K, Gupta R. Correlation of phase values with CT hounsfield and R2* values in calcified neurocysticercosis. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 34:1060-4. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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56
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Krishnakumar DN, Somayaji KM, Venkatesan R, Meenakshisundaram V. Development and applications of energy-specific fluence monitor for field monitoring. Appl Radiat Isot 2011; 69:1039-45. [PMID: 21367610 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A portable energy-specific fluence monitor is developed for field monitoring as well as to serve as stand-alone data acquisition system to measure dose rate due to routine releases at various locations in and around Nuclear Power Reactors. The data from an array of such monitors deployed over a region of interest would help in evolving a methodology to arrive at the source term evaluation in the event of a postulated nuclear incident. The other method that exists for this purpose is by conducting tracer experiments using known release of a gas like SF(6) into the atmosphere and monitoring their concentrations downwind. The above instrument enables one to use the routine release of (41)Ar as a tracer gas. The Argon fluence monitor houses a CsI(Tl) detector and associated miniature electronics modules for conditioning the signal from the detector. Data logging and in-situ archival of the data are controlled by a powerful web enabled communication controller preloaded with Microsoft Windows Compact Edition (WIN CE). The application software is developed in Visual Basic.NET under Compact Framework and deployed in the module. The paper gives an outline of the design aspects of the instrument, associated electronics and calibration of the instrument, including the preliminary results obtained using the instrument. The utility of the system is established by carrying out field survey around Madras Atomic Power Station (MAPS), consisting of two Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWR), by mapping the (41)Ar plume. Additional features such as enhancing the monitor capability with embedded GPS along with real-time linking using wireless networking techniques are also being incorporated.
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Mohammed Fayaz A, Girilal M, Mahdy SA, Somsundar S, Venkatesan R, Kalaichelvan P. Vancomycin bound biogenic gold nanoparticles: A different perspective for development of anti VRSA agents. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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58
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Satpathy KK, Mohanty AK, Sahu G, Sarkar SK, Natesan U, Venkatesan R, Prasad MVR. Variations of physicochemical properties in Kalpakkam coastal waters, east coast of India, during southwest to northeast monsoon transition period. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2010; 171:411-424. [PMID: 20058071 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-1287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A significant variation in physicochemical properties of the Kalpakkam coastal waters, eastern part of India, was observed during the event of southwest to northeast monsoon transition. Increase in nitrate, total nitrogen, and silicate concentrations were noticed during post-transition period. Ammonia concentration was at peak during transition period as compared to pre- and post-transition periods. Hypo-saline condition (~23 psu) was observed during post-transition as the surface water salinity decreased by ~10 psu from the pre-transitional values. Turbidity, suspended particulate matter, phosphate and total phosphorous values decreased marginally, coinciding with northward to southward current reversal. A drastic decrease (eightfold) in chlorophyll-a concentration was observed in the coastal water during post-transition period.
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Wierenga RK, Kapetaniou EG, Venkatesan R. Triosephosphate isomerase: a highly evolved biocatalyst. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:3961-82. [PMID: 20694739 PMCID: PMC11115733 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) is a perfectly evolved enzyme which very fast interconverts dihydroxyacetone phosphate and D: -glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. Its catalytic site is at the dimer interface, but the four catalytic residues, Asn11, Lys13, His95 and Glu167, are from the same subunit. Glu167 is the catalytic base. An important feature of the TIM active site is the concerted closure of loop-6 and loop-7 on ligand binding, shielding the catalytic site from bulk solvent. The buried active site stabilises the enediolate intermediate. The catalytic residue Glu167 is at the beginning of loop-6. On closure of loop-6, the Glu167 carboxylate moiety moves approximately 2 Å to the substrate. The dynamic properties of the Glu167 side chain in the enzyme substrate complex are a key feature of the proton shuttling mechanism. Two proton shuttling mechanisms, the classical and the criss-cross mechanism, are responsible for the interconversion of the substrates of this enolising enzyme.
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Inbakandan D, Murthy PS, Venkatesan R, Khan SA. 16S rDNA sequence analysis of culturable marine biofilm forming bacteria from a ship's hull. BIOFOULING 2010; 26:893-899. [PMID: 21038149 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2010.530347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Marine bacteria from the hull of a ship in the form of biofilms or microfouling were isolated, cultured, and identified by phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA sequences. With an average length of 946 bp, all the 16 sequences were classified using the Ribosomal database project (RDP) and were submitted to the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA sequences indicated that the 16 strains belonged to the Firmicutes (IK-MB6 Exiguobacterium aurantiacum, IK-MB7 Exiguobacterium arabatum, IK-MB8 Exiguobacterium arabatum, IK-MB9 Jeotgalibacillus alimentarius, IK-MB10 Bacillus megaterium, IK-MB11 Bacillus pumilus, IK-MB12 Bacillus pumilus, IK-MB13 Bacillus pumilus, IK-MB14 Bacillus megaterium), High GC, Gram-positive bacteria (IK-MB2 Micrococcus luteus, IK-MB5 Micrococcus luteus, IK-MB16 Arthrobacter mysorens), G-Proteobacteria (IK-MB3 Halomonas aquamarina, IK-MB15 Halotalea alkalilenta), CFB group bacteria (IK-MB1 Myroides odoratimimus), and Enterobacteria (IK-MB4 Proteus mirabilis). Among the 16 strains, representatives of the Firmicutes were dominant (56.25%) compared to the high GC, Gram-positive bacteria (18.75%), G-Proteobacteria (12.5%), CFB group bacteria (6.25%), and Enterobacteria (6.25%). Analysis revealed that majority of marine species found in marine biofilm are of anthropogenic origin.
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Sangeetha R, Kumar R, Doble M, Venkatesan R. Barnacle cement: an etchant for stainless steel 316L? Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 79:524-530. [PMID: 20641172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Localized corrosion of stainless steel beneath the barnacle-base is an unsolved issue for the marine industry. In this work, we clearly bring out for the first time the role of the barnacle cement in acting as an etchant, preferentially etching the grain boundaries, and initiating the corrosion process in stainless steel 316L. The investigations include structural characterization of the cement and corroded region, and also chemical characterization of the corrosion products generated beneath the barnacle-base. Structural characterization studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals the morphological changes in the cement structure across the interface of the base-plate and the substrate, modification of the steel surface by the cement and the corrosion pattern beneath the barnacle-base. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the corrosion products show that they are composed of mainly oxides of iron thereby implying that the corrosion is aerobic in nature. A model for the etching and corrosion mechanism is proposed based on our observations.
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Sangeetha R, Kumar R, Doble M, Venkatesan R. Barnacle cement: An etchant for stainless steel 316L? Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 79:524-530. [PMID: 20638997 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Localized corrosion of stainless steel beneath the barnacle-base is an unsolved issue for the marine industry. In this work, we clearly bring out for the first time the role of the barnacle cement in acting as an etchant, preferentially etching the grain boundaries, and initiating the corrosion process in stainless steel 316L. The investigations include structural characterization of the cement and corroded region, and also chemical characterization of the corrosion products generated beneath the barnacle-base. Structural characterization studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals the morphological changes in the cement structure across the interface of the base-plate and the substrate, modification of the steel surface by the cement and the corrosion pattern beneath the barnacle-base. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the corrosion products show that they are composed of mainly oxides of iron thereby implying that the corrosion is aerobic in nature. A model for the etching and corrosion mechanism is proposed based on our observations.
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63
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Karthikayalu S, Rama V, Venkatesan R. Purification of a 19-kDa pore-forming cytolysin from the sea anemone Heteractis magnifica. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-91992010000300019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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64
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Karthikayalu S, Rama V, Kirubagaran R, Venkatesan R. Hemolytic toxin from the soft coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum: isolation and physiological characterization. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-91992010005000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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65
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Suresh K, Chandirasekar R, Kumar BL, Venkatesan R, Sasikala K. No association between the Trp53 codon 72 polymorphism and head and neck cancer: a case-control study in a South Indian population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2010; 11:1749-1753. [PMID: 21338227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms are important for predispositions to several human cancers. In the tumour suppressor Trp53 gene, a codon 72 polymorphism is frequent in the form of a single nucleotide polymorphism that leads to substitution of an arginine for a proline. In the present study, we analysed the association of Trp53 codon 72 polymorphs with head and neck cancer through a case-control study approach with PCR-RFLP of DNA from blood of 47 clinically confirmed patients and 52 healthy controls. The Pro (Trp5372P) and Arg (Trp5372R) allele frequencies in the healthy controls were 0.44 and 0.56, and not significantly different from those in the cancer patients at 0.56 and 0.44. The genotype distribution in the controls was 32.7% Arg/Arg, 46.2% Arg/Pro and 21.2% Pro/Pro and in the cancer patients 17.0% Arg/Arg, 53.2% Arg/Pro and 29.8% Pro/Pro. No significant difference in the distribution of genotypes between head and neck cancer patients and healthy controls (P=0.18, χ2 test) was observed. We conclude no association of Trp53 codon 72 polymorphism was observed with head and neck cancer susceptibility.
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66
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Mohammed Fayaz A, Balaji K, Kalaichelvan P, Venkatesan R. Fungal based synthesis of silver nanoparticles—An effect of temperature on the size of particles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 74:123-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2009] [Revised: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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67
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Dineshram R, Subasri R, Somaraju K, Jayaraj K, Vedaprakash L, Ratnam K, Joshi S, Venkatesan R. Biofouling studies on nanoparticle-based metal oxide coatings on glass coupons exposed to marine environment. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 74:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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68
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Mohammed Fayaz A, Balaji K, Girilal M, Kalaichelvan PT, Venkatesan R. Mycobased synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their incorporation into sodium alginate films for vegetable and fruit preservation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009. [PMID: 19552418 DOI: 10.1021/jf900337h10.1021/jf900337h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Trichoderma viride and their incorporation into sodium alginate for vegetable and fruit preservation has been demonstrated in this study. Aqueous silver (Ag(+)) ions when exposed to the filtrate of T. viride are reduced in solution. These extremely stable silver nanoparticles were characterized by means of UV-vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, TEM, and EDS. The nanoparticles exhibit maximum absorbance at 421 nm in the UV spectrum. The presence of proteins was identified by FTIR. TEM micrograph revealed the formation of polydispersed nanoparticles, and the presence of elemental silver was confirmed by EDS analysis. The silver nanoparticle incorporated sodium alginate thin film shows good antibacterial activity against test strains. This film increases the shelf life of carrot and pear when compared to control with respect to weight loss and soluble protein content. These results show silver nanoparticle incorporated sodium alginate coated vegetables and fruits are suitable for preservation.
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Mohammed Fayaz A, Balaji K, Girilal M, Kalaichelvan PT, Venkatesan R. Mycobased synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their incorporation into sodium alginate films for vegetable and fruit preservation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:6246-6252. [PMID: 19552418 DOI: 10.1021/jf900337h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Trichoderma viride and their incorporation into sodium alginate for vegetable and fruit preservation has been demonstrated in this study. Aqueous silver (Ag(+)) ions when exposed to the filtrate of T. viride are reduced in solution. These extremely stable silver nanoparticles were characterized by means of UV-vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, TEM, and EDS. The nanoparticles exhibit maximum absorbance at 421 nm in the UV spectrum. The presence of proteins was identified by FTIR. TEM micrograph revealed the formation of polydispersed nanoparticles, and the presence of elemental silver was confirmed by EDS analysis. The silver nanoparticle incorporated sodium alginate thin film shows good antibacterial activity against test strains. This film increases the shelf life of carrot and pear when compared to control with respect to weight loss and soluble protein content. These results show silver nanoparticle incorporated sodium alginate coated vegetables and fruits are suitable for preservation.
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70
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Kumar AG, Venkatesan R, Prasad Rao B, Swarnalatha S, Sekaran G. Utilization of tannery solid waste for protease production bySynergistessp. in solid-state fermentation and partial protease characterization. Eng Life Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.200700040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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71
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Mahesh V, Kandaswamy A, Venkatesan R. A Rule-based Expert System for ECG Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.7763/ijet.2009.v1.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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72
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Artham T, Sudhakar M, Doble M, Umadevi VR, Viduthalai RR, Kumar KS, Murthy PS, Venkatesan R. Effect of Biofouling on Stability of Polycarbonate in Tropical Seawater. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.2174/1874343900802010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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73
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Thirumamagal BTS, Narayanasamy S, Venkatesan R. Regiospecific Chlorination of Xylenes Using K-10 Montmorrillonite Clay. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910801979338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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74
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Venkatesan R, Sarkar R, Old JM. β-Thalassaemia mutations and their linkage to β-haplotypes in Tamil Nadu in Southern India. Clin Genet 2008; 42:251-6. [PMID: 1362529 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1992.tb03250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A study for screening of beta-thalassaemia mutations by the Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS) and haplotyping by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was undertaken because there was a paucity of data in Tamil Nadu in Southern India and to initiate a comprehensive prenatal diagnosis programme. A total of 294 alleles were analysed to study the nature of the mutations, of which 146 were beta-thalassaemia alleles. Only four types of beta-thalassaemia mutations were recorded. Of these, 128 alleles were of the variant IVS-1 nt 5 (G-->C). Thirteen had the mutation codon 41/42 (del TCTT), four had the mutation codon 8/9 (insert G) and one had the 619 bp deletion at the 3' end of the gene. The most common mutation, IVS-1 nt 5 (G-->C), was strongly associated with a single haplotype although the association was not absolute. The population of Tamil Nadu in Southern India seems to be ideal for initiating a prenatal diagnosis programme based on direct detection of mutation by ARMS coupled with RFLP linkage analysis.
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75
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Ganesh Kumar A, Venkatesan R, Kirubagaran R, Prabhakar TG, Sekaran G. Effects of nonionic surfactant on hydrolysis and fermentation of protein rich tannery solid waste. Biodegradation 2008; 19:739-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-008-9178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2007] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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