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An FP, Balantekin AB, Band HR, Beriguete W, Bishai M, Blyth S, Brown RL, Butorov I, Cao GF, Cao J, Carr R, Chan YL, Chang JF, Chang Y, Chasman C, Chen HS, Chen HY, Chen SJ, Chen SM, Chen XC, Chen XH, Chen Y, Chen YX, Cheng YP, Cherwinka JJ, Chu MC, Cummings JP, de Arcos J, Deng ZY, Ding YY, Diwan MV, Draeger E, Du XF, Dwyer DA, Edwards WR, Ely SR, Fu JY, Ge LQ, Gill R, Gonchar M, Gong GH, Gong H, Gornushkin YA, Gu WQ, Guan MY, Guo XH, Hackenburg RW, Hahn RL, Han GH, Hans S, He M, Heeger KM, Heng YK, Hinrichs P, Hor Y, Hsiung YB, Hu BZ, Hu LJ, Hu LM, Hu T, Hu W, Huang EC, Huang HX, Huang HZ, Huang XT, Huber P, Hussain G, Isvan Z, Jaffe DE, Jaffke P, Jetter S, Ji XL, Ji XP, Jiang HJ, Jiao JB, Johnson RA, Kang L, Kettell SH, Kramer M, Kwan KK, Kwok MW, Kwok T, Lai WC, Lai WH, Lau K, Lebanowski L, Lee J, Lei RT, Leitner R, Leung A, Leung JKC, Lewis CA, Li DJ, Li F, Li GS, Li QJ, Li WD, Li XN, Li XQ, Li YF, Li ZB, Liang H, Lin CJ, Lin GL, Lin SK, Lin YC, Ling JJ, Link JM, Littenberg L, Littlejohn BR, Liu DW, Liu H, Liu JC, Liu JL, Liu SS, Liu YB, Lu C, Lu HQ, Luk KB, Ma QM, Ma XB, Ma XY, Ma YQ, McDonald KT, McFarlane MC, McKeown RD, Meng Y, Mitchell I, Nakajima Y, Napolitano J, Naumov D, Naumova E, Nemchenok I, Ngai HY, Ngai WK, Ning Z, Ochoa-Ricoux JP, Olshevski A, Patton S, Pec V, Peng JC, Piilonen LE, Pinsky L, Pun CSJ, Qi FZ, Qi M, Qian X, Raper N, Ren B, Ren J, Rosero R, Roskovec B, Ruan XC, Shao BB, Steiner H, Sun GX, Sun JL, Tam YH, Tanaka HK, Tang X, Themann H, Trentalange S, Tsai O, Tsang KV, Tsang RHM, Tull CE, Tung YC, Viren B, Vorobel V, Wang CH, Wang LS, Wang LY, Wang LZ, Wang M, Wang NY, Wang RG, Wang W, Wang WW, Wang X, Wang YF, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang ZM, Webber DM, Wei H, Wei YD, Wen LJ, Whisnant K, White CG, Whitehead L, Wise T, Wong HLH, Wong SCF, Worcester E, Wu Q, Xia DM, Xia JK, Xia X, Xing ZZ, Xu J, Xu JL, Xu JY, Xu Y, Xue T, Yan J, Yang CG, Yang L, Yang MS, Ye M, Yeh M, Yeh YS, Young BL, Yu GY, Yu JY, Yu ZY, Zang SL, Zhan L, Zhang C, Zhang FH, Zhang JW, Zhang QM, Zhang SH, Zhang YC, Zhang YH, Zhang YM, Zhang YX, Zhang ZJ, Zhang ZP, Zhang ZY, Zhao J, Zhao QW, Zhao YB, Zheng L, Zhong WL, Zhou L, Zhou ZY, Zhuang HL, Zou JH. Spectral measurement of electron antineutrino oscillation amplitude and frequency at Daya Bay. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:061801. [PMID: 24580686 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.061801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A measurement of the energy dependence of antineutrino disappearance at the Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment is reported. Electron antineutrinos (ν¯(e)) from six 2.9 GW(th) reactors were detected with six detectors deployed in two near (effective baselines 512 and 561 m) and one far (1579 m) underground experimental halls. Using 217 days of data, 41 589 (203 809 and 92 912) antineutrino candidates were detected in the far hall (near halls). An improved measurement of the oscillation amplitude sin(2)2θ(13)=0.090(-0.009)(+0.008) and the first direct measurement of the ν¯(e) mass-squared difference |Δm(ee)2|=(2.59(-0.20)(+0.19))×10(-3) eV2 is obtained using the observed ν¯(e) rates and energy spectra in a three-neutrino framework. This value of |Δm(ee)2| is consistent with |Δm(μμ)2| measured by muon neutrino disappearance, supporting the three-flavor oscillation model.
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Yadeau JT, Goytizolo EA, Padgett DE, Liu SS, Mayman DJ, Ranawat AS, Rade MC, Westrich GH. Analgesia after total knee replacement: local infiltration versus epidural combined with a femoral nerve blockade: a prospective, randomised pragmatic trial. Bone Joint J 2013; 95-B:629-35. [PMID: 23632672 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.95b5.30406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In a randomised controlled pragmatic trial we investigated whether local infiltration analgesia would result in earlier readiness for discharge from hospital after total knee replacement (TKR) than patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) plus femoral nerve block. A total of 45 patients with a mean age of 65 years (49 to 81) received a local infiltration with a peri-articular injection of bupivacaine, morphine and methylprednisolone, as well as adjuvant analgesics. In 45 PCEA+femoral nerve blockade patients with a mean age of 67 years (50 to 84), analgesia included a bupivacaine nerve block, bupivacaine/hydromorphone PCEA, and adjuvant analgesics. The mean time until ready for discharge was 3.2 days (1 to 14) in the local infiltration group and 3.2 days (1.8 to 7.0) in the PCEA+femoral nerve blockade group. The mean pain scores for patients receiving local infiltration were higher when walking (p = 0.0084), but there were no statistically significant differences at rest. The mean opioid consumption was higher in those receiving local infiltration. The choice between these two analgesic pathways should not be made on the basis of time to discharge after surgery. Most secondary outcomes were similar, but PCEA+femoral nerve blockade patients had lower pain scores when walking and during continuous passive movement. If PCEA+femoral nerve blockade is not readily available, local infiltration provides similar length of stay and similar pain scores at rest following TKR.
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Romanyk DL, Liu SS, Lipsett MG, Toogood RW, Lagravère MO, Major PW, Carey JP. Towards a viscoelastic model for the unfused midpalatal suture: development and validation using the midsagittal suture in New Zealand white rabbits. J Biomech 2013; 46:1618-25. [PMID: 23684080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Maxillary expansion treatment is a commonly used procedure by orthodontists to widen a patient's upper jaw. As this is typically performed in adolescent patients, the midpalatal suture, connective tissue adjoining the two maxilla halves, remains unfused. Studies that have investigated patient response to expansion treatment, generally through finite element analysis, have considered this suture to behave in a linear elastic manner or it was left vacant. The purpose of the study presented here was to develop a model that could represent the midpalatal suture's viscoelastic behavior. Quasilinear viscoelastic, modified superposition, Schapery's, and Burgers modeling approaches were all considered. Raw data from a previously published study using New Zealand White Rabbits was utilized for model parameter estimation and validation. In this study, Sentalloy(®) coil springs at load levels of 0.49N (50g), 0.98N (100g), and 1.96N (200g) were used to widen the midsagittal suture of live rabbits over a period of 6 weeks. Evaluation was based on a models ability to represent experimental data well over all three load sets. Ideally, a single set of model constants could be used to represent data over all loads tested. Upon completion of the analysis it was found that the modified superposition method was able to replicate experimental data within one standard deviation of the means using a single set of constants for all loads. Future work should focus on model improvement as well as prediction of treatment outcomes.
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Ouyang KX, Liu MQ, Pian RQ, Liu SS, Chen XY. Isolation and analysis of α-expansin genes in the tree Anthocephalus chinensis (Rubiaceae). GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2013; 12:1061-73. [PMID: 23661432 DOI: 10.4238/2013.april.10.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Expansins are cell wall-associated proteins that induce wall extension and relax stress by disrupting noncovalent bonds between cellulose microfibrils and cross-linking glycan chains, thereby promoting wall creep. Anthocephalus chinensis is a very fast-growing economically important tree found mainly in South Asia. Sixteen cDNAs, designated AcEXPA1 to AcEXPA16 (GenBank accession Nos. FJ417847, JF922686-JF922700) with corresponding genomic DNA sequences (GenBank accession Nos. GQ228823, JF922701-JF922715), were isolated by amplifying conserved domain binding with genomic walking and RACE techniques from four differential growth tissues in A. chinensis. These α-expansin homologues were highly conserved in size and sequence; they had the same sequence structures as an N-terminal signal peptide, three exons and two introns. Their amino acid alignment showed that A. chinensis expansin genes are divided into three subgroups: A, B and C. This study is the first report on expansin genes from A. chinensis. It will be used for a tissue-specific expression model and for studying the relationship between expansin genes, growth rate and wood quality of the xylem in this fast-growing tree.
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Abstract
Options for the treatment of subcapital femoral neck fractures basically fall into two categories: internal fixation or arthroplasty (either hemiarthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty). Historically, the treatment option has been driven by a diagnosis-related approach (non-displaced neck fractures versus displaced neck fractures). More recently, the traditional paradigm has changed. Instead of a diagnosis-related approach, it has become more of a patient-related approach. Treatment options take in to consideration the patient's age, functional demands, and individual risk profile. A simple algorithm can be helpful in terms of directing the treatment. Non-displaced fractures, regardless of age of the patient, should be treated with closed reduction and internal fixation. For displaced femoral neck fractures, the treatment differs depending on the age of the patient. The younger patient should be treated with urgent ORIF with the goal of an anatomic reduction. For displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly, cognitive function should be determined. For those who are cognitively functioning, total hip arthroplasty appears to be the best option. In the cognitively dysfunctional, a bipolar hemiarthroplasty or a total hip arthroplasty with use of larger heads (32 mm or 36 mm) and/or constrained sockets are a viable option.
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Albrecht E, Kirkham KR, Liu SS, Brull R. The analgesic efficacy and safety of neuraxial magnesium sulphate: a quantitative review. Anaesthesia 2012; 68:190-202. [PMID: 23121635 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2012.07337.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Eighteen published trials have examined the use of neuraxial magnesium as a peri-operative adjunctive analgesic since 2002, with encouraging results. However, concurrent animal studies have reported clinical and histological evidence of neurological complications with similar weight-adjusted doses. The objectives of this quantitative systematic review were to assess both the analgesic efficacy and the safety of neuraxial magnesium. Eighteen trials comparing magnesium with placebo were identified. The time to first analgesic request increased by 11.1% after intrathecal magnesium administration (mean difference: 39.6 min; 95% CI 16.3-63.0 min; p = 0.0009), and by 72.2% after epidural administration (mean difference: 109.5 min; 95% CI 19.6-199.3 min; p = 0.02) with doses of between 50 and 100 mg. Four trials monitored for neurological complications: of the 140 patients included, only a 4-day persistent headache was recorded. Despite promising peri-operative analgesic effect, the risk of neurological complications resulting from neuraxial magnesium has not yet been adequately defined.
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Albrecht E, Kirkham KR, Liu SS, Brull R. Peri-operative intravenous administration of magnesium sulphate and postoperative pain: a meta-analysis. Anaesthesia 2012; 68:79-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2012.07335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhang XY, Liu XY, Liu SS, Liu FH, Chen LS, Xu G, Zhong CL, Su PC, Cao ZN. Response characteristics of Scirpus trioueter and its rhizosphere to pyrene contaminated soils at different growth stages. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2012; 14:691-702. [PMID: 22908637 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2011.619235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Scirpus triqueter (Triangular club-rush), a typical wetland species, is used to study the response characteristics to pyrene. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the growth parameters (height, diameter, shoot number, total volume, underground biomass, above-ground biomass and total biomass), and enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) of S. triqueter. The characteristics of soil enzymes (catalase and polyphenol oxidase) and microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) were also assessed after pyrene treatment. Elevated pyrene concentration (80 mgkg(-1)) in the soil reduced the shoot number and biomass significantly, especially at the early growth stage. In root tissue, the enzyme catalase was activated at 80 mgkg(-1) of pyrene. Compared to roots, shoots had higher enzyme activities. Catalase activities in the rhizosphere increased throughout the growth period of S. triqueter. Polyphenol oxidase activities in the rhizosphere were higher than those in the bulk soil and unplanted soil. The populations of bacteria (total bacteria, pyrene-tolerant bacteria, and actinomyces) and fungi decreased under the stress of high pyrene concentration, while that of pyrene-tolerant bacteria increased with the increasing pyrene concentration. The presence of pyrene did not benefit the growth of S. triqueter. S. triqueter and soil enzymes varied within the growth stages. The presence of S. triqueter could improve the activity of soil enzymes and facilitate the propagation of microorganisms which could help eliminate pyrene contamination.
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A'Hara SW, Amouroux P, Argo EE, Avand-Faghih A, Barat A, Barbieri L, Bert TM, Blatrix R, Blin A, Bouktila D, Broome A, Burban C, Capdevielle-Dulac C, Casse N, Chandra S, Cho KJ, Cottrell JE, Crawford CR, Davis MC, Delatte H, Desneux N, Djieto-Lordon C, Dubois MP, El-Mergawy RAAM, Gallardo-Escárate C, Garcia M, Gardiner MM, Guillemaud T, Haye PA, Hellemans B, Hinrichsen P, Jeon JH, Kerdelhué C, Kharrat I, Kim KH, Kim YY, Kwan YS, Labbe EM, LaHood E, Lee KM, Lee WO, Lee YH, Legoff I, Li H, Lin CP, Liu SS, Liu YG, Long D, Maes GE, Magnoux E, Mahanta PC, Makni H, Makni M, Malausa T, Matura R, McKey D, McMillen-Jackson AL, Méndez MA, Mezghani-Khemakhem M, Michel AP, Paul M, Muriel-Cunha J, Nibouche S, Normand F, Palkovacs EP, Pande V, Parmentier K, Peccoud J, Piatscheck F, Puchulutegui C, Ramos R, Ravest G, Richner H, Robbens J, Rochat D, Rousselet J, Saladin V, Sauve M, Schlei O, Schultz TF, Scobie AR, Segovia NI, Seyoum S, Silvain JF, Tabone E, Van Houdt JKJ, Vandamme SG, Volckaert FAM, Wenburg J, Willis TV, Won YJ, Ye NH, Zhang W, Zhang YX. Permanent genetic resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 August 2011-30 September 2011. Mol Ecol Resour 2011; 12:185-9. [PMID: 22136175 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This article documents the addition of 299 microsatellite marker loci and nine pairs of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) EPIC primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources (MER) Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Alosa pseudoharengus, Alosa aestivalis, Aphis spiraecola, Argopecten purpuratus, Coreoleuciscus splendidus, Garra gotyla, Hippodamia convergens, Linnaea borealis, Menippe mercenaria, Menippe adina, Parus major, Pinus densiflora, Portunus trituberculatus, Procontarinia mangiferae, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, Schizothorax richardsonii, Scophthalmus rhombus, Tetraponera aethiops, Thaumetopoea pityocampa, Tuta absoluta and Ugni molinae. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Barilius bendelisis, Chiromantes haematocheir, Eriocheir sinensis, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus cladocalix, Eucalyptus globulus, Garra litaninsis vishwanath, Garra para lissorhynchus, Guindilla trinervis, Hemigrapsus sanguineus, Luma chequen. Guayaba, Myrceugenia colchagüensis, Myrceugenia correifolia, Myrceugenia exsucca, Parasesarma plicatum, Parus major, Portunus pelagicus, Psidium guayaba, Schizothorax richardsonii, Scophthalmus maximus, Tetraponera latifrons, Thaumetopoea bonjeani, Thaumetopoea ispartensis, Thaumetopoea libanotica, Thaumetopoea pinivora, Thaumetopoea pityocampa ena clade, Thaumetopoea solitaria, Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni and Tor putitora. This article also documents the addition of nine EPIC primer pairs for Euphaea decorata, Euphaea formosa, Euphaea ornata and Euphaea yayeyamana.
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Sun DB, Xu J, Luan JB, Liu SS. Reproductive incompatibility between the B and Q biotypes of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci in China: genetic and behavioural evidence. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2011; 101:211-220. [PMID: 21034521 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485310000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The B and Q 'biotypes' of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) have been invading many parts of the world and causing severe damage to a range of crops. Recent phylogenetic analyses indicate that B and Q are cryptic species within the B. tabaci species complex. Although various attempts have been made to examine the reproductive compatibility between B and Q, few studies have tested the fertility of the F1 females and so the extent of possible gene flow remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a series of crossing experiments and behavioural observations to examine in detail the reproductive compatibility between the B and Q biotypes collected from Zhejiang, China, a region recently invaded by these whiteflies. Crossing experiments between the two biotypes using either single-pairs or small groups demonstrated that proportions of females in the F1 progeny were only 0-2% in the inter-biotype crosses compared to 58-68% in the intra-biotype treatments. Furthermore, all inter-biotype F1 females were sterile. Continuous video observations showed that B and Q adults very rarely copulated, and copulation occurred only when adults of opposite sex from different biotypes were enclosed in dense cohorts for a relatively long period of time. These data show that the B and Q biotypes examined in this study are completely isolated in reproduction. The isolation was due to mainly a copulation barrier, but post-copulation barriers were also involved.
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Liu SS, YaDeau JT, Shaw PM, Wilfred S, Shetty T, Gordon M. Incidence of unintentional intraneural injection and postoperative neurological complications with ultrasound-guided interscalene and supraclavicular nerve blocks*. Anaesthesia 2011; 66:168-74. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2011.06619.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Xu J, De Barro PJ, Liu SS. Reproductive incompatibility among genetic groups of Bemisia tabaci supports the proposition that the whitefly is a cryptic species complex. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2010; 100:359-366. [PMID: 20178675 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485310000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide distribution and extensive genetic diversity of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci has long been recognized. However, whether B. tabaci is a complex species or a species complex has been a subject of debate. Recent phylogenetic analyses suggest that B. tabaci is a cryptic species complex composed of at least 24 morphologically indistinguishable species. Here, we conducted crossing experiments and demonstrated reproductive incompatibility among three of the 24 putative species. Our data and those of previously reported crossing experiments among various putative species of B. tabaci were collated to reveal the pattern of reproductive isolation. The combined results provide strong support to the proposition that B. tabaci is a cryptic species complex.
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Li ZM, Liu SS, Liu YQ, Ye GY. Temperature-related fitness costs of resistance to spinosad in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutelidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2007; 97:627-635. [PMID: 17997877 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485307005366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Fitness costs associated with resistance genes expressed in the absence of insecticides affect the evolution of insecticide resistance and the outcome of resistance management programmes. However, measurements of fitness costs may not be straightforward as they vary with environmental conditions. The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), has developed resistance to spinosad, the first insecticide of the Naturalyte class, after only a few years of field application of this product. In this study, we compared the performance of two homogenous strains of P. xylostella, one susceptible (SS) and the other resistant (RR) to spinosad at an unfavourable, low natural temperature regime, a favourable median-fluctuating temperature regime and an unfavourable high-fluctuating temperature regime. The RR strain showed only marginal fitness cost at the median temperature regime. At the low temperature regime, the RR strain failed to produce any viable offspring, while the SS strain achieved positive population growth. At the high temperature regime, the RR strain showed a 33% decrease in intrinsic rate of increase compared to the SS strain. The results demonstrate that fitness costs of resistance to spinosad are temperature-dependent, increasing in scale at unfavourably low and high temperatures; costs were particularly high at low temperatures. Suggestions for designing effective management programmes are made to delay or avoid development of resistance to spinosad by P. xylostella under different temperature conditions.
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Lien YY, Sheu SC, Liu HJ, Chen SC, Tsai MY, Luo SC, Wu KC, Liu SS, Su HY. Cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the second internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA for three species of Eimeria from chickens in Taiwan. Vet J 2007; 173:184-9. [PMID: 16314128 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Coccidiosis of chickens caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria (Coccidia: Eimeriidae) is an enteric disease that results in great economic losses throughout the world, including Taiwan. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers specific for the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA), three species of Eimeria, E. tenella, E. maxima, and E. acervulina have been successfully characterised from chickens in Taiwan. The sizes of PCR products from various isolates representing these three species were between 370 and 580 base pairs (bp). After cloning and sequencing of the PCR products, high nucleotide sequence identity (96.8-100%) was observed within a species. In addition, ITS-2 nucleotide sequences for E. tenella had higher homology (98.5-99.3%) than E. maxima (81.6-96.5%) when compared with appropriate sequences deposited in GenBank. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a 412-bp ITS-2 sequence for E. acervulina from chickens.
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Tam KF, Liu VWS, Liu SS, Tsang PCK, Cheung ANY, Yip AMW, Ngan HYS. Methylation profile in benign, borderline and malignant ovarian tumors. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2006; 133:331-41. [PMID: 17177027 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-006-0178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2006] [Accepted: 12/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Promoter hypermethylation is a common phenomenon in neoplasm. The aims of this study were (a) to compare the methylation profiles in different types of ovarian tumors and (b) to determine the possible relationship between the methylation status and different clinicopathologic characteristics. METHODS We examined the promoter methylation status of 9 tumor suppressor genes (RARbeta2, TMS1, RIZ1, P15, P16, PTEN, MINT31, APC and HIC1) in 89 ovarian cancers, 16 borderline ovarian tumors, 19 benign ovarian tumors, 16 normal ovarian tissue and 5 ovarian cancer cell lines. The methylation status was examined with respect to clinicopathologic characteristics of the ovarian cancer patients. RESULTS Methylation indices for ovarian cancer, borderline ovarian tumor, benign ovarian tumor, normal ovarian tissue and ovarian cancer cell lines were 28.8, 20.1, 10.5, 11.8 and 42.2%, respectively. It was significantly higher in ovarian cancer, borderline ovarian tumor and ovarian cancer cell lines (X (2) test, P < 0.001, P = 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively) than benign or normal ovarian tissues. In ovarian cancer, concurrent methylation of at least two genes (CM2) was associated with early stage disease (X (2) test, P = 0.035) and less recurrence (X (2) test, P = 0.020). When the methylation statuses of the nine genes as well as CM2 were included in multivariate Cox Regression analysis, CM2 was the only independent predictor for survival (P = 0.013). CONCLUSION CM2 was an independent predictor for survival in ovarian cancer.
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Tam KF, Ng TY, Liu SS, Tsang PCK, Kwong PWK, Ngan HYS. Potential application of the ATP cell viability assay in the measurement of intrinsic radiosensitivity in cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2005; 96:765-70. [PMID: 15721424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrinsic radiosensitivity using the clonogenic assay and the cell surviving fraction at 2 Gy (SF2) has been shown to be an independent prognostic factor for patient response to radiotherapy in carcinoma of the cervix. The clonogenic assay has significant shortcomings, making it unsuitable for routine clinical use. The ATP cell viability assay (ATP-CVA) has been shown to have a high tumor evaluability rate, technical simplicity, and reproducibility in chemosensitivity testing. AIMS This study compares the ATP-CVA with the clonogenic assay in the in vitro radiosensitivity testing of cervical cancer cell lines. Correlation of in vitro radiosensitivity and in vivo patient response was also determined. METHODS Five cervical carcinoma cell lines (SiHa, HeLa, Caski, C-33A, and C4-1) were tested using the ATP-CVA and the clonogenic assay. Survival curves were plotted and the mean SF2 values obtained by the two different assay methods were compared using ANOVA to see if there were significant differences. Mean SF2 values obtained from 27 cervical cancers were compared with clinical outcomes. RESULTS The SF2 values for the cell lines ranged from 0.28 to 0.67 when tested using the ATP-CVA. Using the clonogenic assay, the SF2 values ranged from 0.27 to 0.70. ANOVA with Bonferroni pairwise multiple comparison showed no significant difference between the mean SF2 values for the individual cell lines between the two assay methods. Twenty-three cervical cancer samples (85%) were evaluable for SF2 using ATP-CVA. The mean SF2 values of patients who had locoregional failure were significantly higher than those who achieved local control (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS Testing intrinsic radiosensitivity using the surviving fraction at 2 Gy (SF2) is comparable using the two assay methods of ATP-CVA and clonogenic assay. The ATP-CVA should be further investigated in the testing of intrinsic radiosensitivity in patients with cervical cancer.
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Mahmood AR, Liu SS, Shi ZH, Song XH, Zalucki MP. Lack of intraspecific biological variation between two geographical populations of Oomyzus sokolowskii (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a gregarious larval-pupal parasitioid of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2004; 94:169-177. [PMID: 15153299 DOI: 10.1079/ber2003284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The chalcid, Oomyzus sokolowskii Kurdjumov has been recorded in many parts of the world as a major larval-pupal, gregarious endoparasitoid of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), a serious pest of brassica vegetable crops worldwide. This study investigated intraspecific variation between two populations of O. sokiolowskii, one from Cape Verde Islands, West Africa and the other from Hangzhou, China. In all crosses and backcrosses between the two geographical populations, the numbers of progeny and sex ratio of progeny were similar to those obtained within each of the populations, demonstrating complete reproductive compatibility between the two populations. The two populations showed similar responses to temperature with respect to development time and survival of immature stages. Observations on the interactions between the two O. sokolowskii populations and Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov), another major parasitoid of P. xylostella, showed that neither population could achieve successful parasitism of P. xylostella larvae already parasitized by C. plutellae. However, both O. sokolowskii populations could achieve hyperparasitism by ovipositing into a mid-late stage larva of C. plutellae developing inside the primary host. Contrary to earlier reports, no evidence of intraspecific variations in ability to hyperparasitize between these two populations of O. sokolowskii was found.
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Chen CL, Liu SS, Ip SM, Wong LC, Ng TY, Ngan HYS. E-cadherin expression is silenced by DNA methylation in cervical cancer cell lines and tumours. Eur J Cancer 2003; 39:517-23. [PMID: 12751384 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(02)00175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A previous study showed E-cadherin expression was lost in some cervical cancer cell lines and tumours. This study was designed to clarify the significance of DNA methylation in silencing E-cadherin expression. We examined promoter methylation of E-cadherin in five cervical cancer cell lines and 20 cervical cancer tissues using methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and bisulphite DNA sequencing. The correlation of E-cadherin methylation and expression together with methyltransferase (DNMT1) were further studied. We found that hypermethylation of E-cadherin was involved in five cervical cancer cell lines and 40% (8/20) of cervical cancer tissues. E-cadherin protein was lost in 6/8 (75%) samples and 3/5 (60%) cell lines with promoter methylation. E-cadherin methylation was significantly correlated with increased DNMT1. Using an antisense DNMT1 oligo to transfect into SiHa HeLa C33A cell line, E-cadherin protein was re-expressed. We concluded that loss of E-cadherin expression was in part correlated with DNA methylation and DNMT1 expression in cervical cancer.
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Abstract
The health care industry in Hong Kong has undergone major changes in organization as well as philosophy of operation since the 1970s. During this period, the Hong Kong government has also experienced a political transition from colonial status to a special administrative region of Mainland China. Because of the economic downturn in East Asia, including Hong Kong, contraction of public spending has compelled the government to reconsider the alternatives for health care provision in Hong Kong. A number of multinational health care providers have entered this market and operate mainly in the private sector, including solely-owned clinics and alliances with existing hospitals. This paper provides an understanding of the evolution and development of the health care industry in Hong Kong and, on that basis, suggests elements of quality health care from the findings of a survey of patients.
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Liu SS, Tsang BK, Cheung AN, Xue WC, Cheng DK, Ng TY, Wong LC, Ngan HY. Anti-apoptotic proteins, apoptotic and proliferative parameters and their prognostic significance in cervical carcinoma. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1990) 2001. [PMID: 11378340 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(01)00085-] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) suppress apoptosis induced by a variety of stimuli. The aims of this study were to: (a) compare the expression of X-linked IAP (Xiap) and Human IAP-2 (Hiap-2) in cervical carcinoma cells and normal cervix, (b) determine the correlation between IAP expression and tumour apoptosis or proliferation, and (c) assess their prognostic significance in cervical carcinomas. Paraffin-embedded tissue sections were retrieved from 77 patients with cervical squamous carcinomas prior to treatments and 47 normal subjects. Tumour apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated deoxyuracil triphosphate (dUTP) nick-end labelling (TUNEL) and apoptotic index (AI), and the proliferative rate was measured by Ki-67 and mitotic (MI) indices. Immunoreactive Xiap and Hiap-2 were found in both cervical cancer cells and normal tissues. IAP expressions in cancers did not correlate with apoptotic and proliferative parameters, disease stage and patient survival. The lower AI and Ki-67 index were associated with a better survival. In conclusion, the basal expression levels of IAPs have no prognostic significance, but AI and Ki-67 expression are potential prognostic indicators in cervical carcinoma.
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Liu SS, Tsang BK, Cheung AN, Xue WC, Cheng DK, Ng TY, Wong LC, Ngan HY. Anti-apoptotic proteins, apoptotic and proliferative parameters and their prognostic significance in cervical carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2001; 37:1104-10. [PMID: 11378340 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(01)00085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) suppress apoptosis induced by a variety of stimuli. The aims of this study were to: (a) compare the expression of X-linked IAP (Xiap) and Human IAP-2 (Hiap-2) in cervical carcinoma cells and normal cervix, (b) determine the correlation between IAP expression and tumour apoptosis or proliferation, and (c) assess their prognostic significance in cervical carcinomas. Paraffin-embedded tissue sections were retrieved from 77 patients with cervical squamous carcinomas prior to treatments and 47 normal subjects. Tumour apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated deoxyuracil triphosphate (dUTP) nick-end labelling (TUNEL) and apoptotic index (AI), and the proliferative rate was measured by Ki-67 and mitotic (MI) indices. Immunoreactive Xiap and Hiap-2 were found in both cervical cancer cells and normal tissues. IAP expressions in cancers did not correlate with apoptotic and proliferative parameters, disease stage and patient survival. The lower AI and Ki-67 index were associated with a better survival. In conclusion, the basal expression levels of IAPs have no prognostic significance, but AI and Ki-67 expression are potential prognostic indicators in cervical carcinoma.
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Hodgson PS, Liu SS. Epidural lidocaine decreases sevoflurane requirement for adequate depth of anesthesia as measured by the Bispectral Index monitor. Anesthesiology 2001; 94:799-803. [PMID: 11388531 DOI: 10.1097/00000542-200105000-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidural anesthesia potentiates sedative drug effects and decreases minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). The authors hypothesized that epidural anesthesia also decreases the general anesthetic requirements for adequate depth of anesthesia as measured by Bispectral Index (BIS). METHODS After premedication with 0.02 mg/kg midazolam and 1 microg/kg fentanyl, 30 patients aged 20-65 yr were randomized in a double-blinded fashion to receive general anesthesia with either intravenous saline placebo or intravenous lidocaine control (1-mg/kg bolus dose; 25 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)). A matched group was prospectively assigned to receive epidural lidocaine (15 ml; 2%) with intravenous saline placebo. All patients received 4 mg/kg thiopental and 1 mg/kg rocuronium for tracheal intubation. After 10 min of a predetermined end-tidal sevoflurane concentration, BIS was measured. The ED50 of sevoflurane for each group was determined by up-down methodology based on BIS less than 50 (MAC(BIS50)). Plasma lidocaine concentrations were measured. RESULTS The MAC(BIS50) of sevoflurane (0.59% end tidal) was significantly decreased with lidocaine epidural anesthesia compared with general anesthesia alone (0.92%) or with intravenous lidocaine (1%; P < 0.0001). Plasma lidocaine concentrations in the intravenous lidocaine group (1.9 microg/ml) were similar to those in the epidural lidocaine group (2.0 microg/ml). CONCLUSIONS Epidural anesthesia reduced by 34% the sevoflurane required for adequate depth of anesthesia. This effect was not a result of systemic lidocaine absorbtion, but may have been caused by deafferentation by epidural anesthesia or direct rostral spread of local anesthetic within the cerebrospinal fluid. Lower-than-expected concentrations of volatile agents may be sufficient during combined epidural-general anesthesia.
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Ngan HY, Cheung AN, Liu SS, Cheng DK, Ng TY, Wong LC. Abnormal expression of pan-ras, c-myc and tp53 in squamous cell carcinoma of cervix: correlation with HPV and prognosis. Oncol Rep 2001; 8:557-61. [PMID: 11295080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess, in squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, the expression of pan-ras, c-myc and tp53 at protein level using an immunohistochemical (IHC) staining method. One hundred and seven patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix were recruited. Fifty-four patients were of stage 1B/2A and 53 were of stage 2B and above. Positive IHC stainings of pan-ras, c-myc and tp53 proteins were detected in 80.4%, 32.7% and 25.2% of cases, respectively. No significant correlation between overexpression of pan-ras and c-myc was detected. However, significantly higher percentages of overexpression of c-myc was found in association with overly expressed tp53 samples (p = 0.014). Human papillomavirus (HPV) was detected in 77.6% of cancers. HPV 16/18 was detected in 72% of cancers. Overexpression of pan-ras and c-myc had no correlation with HPV detection and stage. However, higher percentages of overexpression of tp53 were found in early stage disease (p = 0.017) and in HPV 16/18 positive tumors (p = 0.006). Overexpression of pan-ras, c-myc and tp53 alone or in more than one oncogenes had no prognostic significance on survival.
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Huang Q, Shao L, Jiang H, Miao ZC, Shi QD, Liu SS. Effect of insulin on oxygen free radicals and oxidative phosphorylation in liver mitochondria of diabetic rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2001; 22:455-8. [PMID: 11743896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To observe the effects of insulin on liver mitochondrial respiratory function, activity of H+-ATPase, and superoxide anion free radicals production in diabetic rats. METHODS Rats were injected iv with alloxan 40 mg/kg to induce diabetes. The liver mitochondrial respiratory function was assayed by measurement of oxygen consumption using a Clark oxygen electrode. Superoxide anion production was assayed using chemiluminescence method. Activities of H+-ATPase were measured by luciferin-luciferase system and inorganic phosphorus's method. RESULTS Insulin 1 U/kg sc daily for 9 weeks improved oxidative phosphorylation, respiratory rate state 3 (P < 0.05), respiratory control ration (P < 0.01), and ADP:O ratio (P < 0.01), but there were no obvious effect on respiratory rate state 4 (P > 0.05). In the insulin group, synthesis activity of H+-ATPase was obviously increased (P < 0.05) and hydrolytic activity of H+-ATPase was remarkably decreased (P < 0.01), compared with the diabetes group. Insulin 1 U/kg for 9 weeks apparently decreased the production of O2.- (P < 0.01) in liver mitochondria of diabetic rats. CONCLUSION Insulin can prevent the injury from superoxide anion in liver mitochondria, and improve the function of the liver mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation.
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