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Drake TC, Hsu FC, Hire D, Chen SH, Cohen RM, McDuffie R, Nylen E, O'Connor P, Rehman S, Seaquist ER. Factors associated with failure to achieve a glycated haemoglobin target of <8.0% in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2016; 18:92-5. [PMID: 26435375 PMCID: PMC6241305 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the clinical features of participants in the standard therapy arm of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) glycaemia trial who failed to reach the glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) target. We analysed 4685 participants in the standard therapy arm, comparing participants who reached the HbA1c target of <8.0% with those whose HbA1c level was ≥8.0% 12 months after randomization. Baseline and 12-month clinical characteristics were compared. At 12 months after randomization, 3194 participants had HbA1c <8.0% and 1491 had HbA1c ≥8.0%. Black race [odds ratio (OR) 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.61-0.89; p = 0.002], severe hypoglycaemia (OR 0.57, CI 0.37-0.89; p = 0.014) and insulin use (OR 0.51, CI 0.40-0.65; p < 0.001) were associated with failure to reach HbA1c goal at 12 months in the adjusted model. Even with free medications, free visits with clinicians and aggressive titration of medications, >30% of participants in the standard arm of the ACCORD trial had an HbA1c ≥8.0% at 1 year. Participants who were black, had severe hypoglycaemia and were on insulin were more likely to have an above-target HbA1c concentration after 12 months on the standard protocol.
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Rehman S, Challa S, Majumdar A. A preliminary analysis of 96 patients enrolled in the BAOMS National 3rd Molar Audit (N3MA) at Milton Keynes General Hospital (MKGH) NHS Foundation Trust. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2015.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rehman S, Roach M, Mullen D, DeWees T, Bradley J, Robinson C. Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for Treatment of Lung Oligometastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Bradley J, Gao F, Parikh P, Roach M, Rehman S, Kashani R, Ganachaud J, Stroud J, DeWees T, Robinson C. Prospective Phase 2 Clinical Trial of Radiation Dose-Escalated Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for Centrally Located Lung Cancer: An Institutional Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Chundury A, Rehman S, Roach M, Mullen D, DeWeese T, Bradley J, Robinson C. PD-0428: Radiation pneumonitis with stereotactic body radiotherapy: effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)40424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rehman S, Roach M, Mullen D, DeWees T, Bradley J, Robinson C. PO-0673: Stereotactic body radiotherapy for histopathologically confirmed vs. presumed early stage NSCLC. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)40665-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Peila R, Actis Grande G, Giansetti M, Rehman S, Sicardi S, Rovero G. Washing off intensification of cotton and wool fabrics by ultrasounds. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2015; 23:324-332. [PMID: 25258212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Wet textile washing processes were set up for wool and cotton fabrics to evaluate the potential of ultrasound transducers (US) in improving dirt removal. The samples were contaminated with an emulsion of carbon soot in vegetable oil and aged for three hours in fan oven. Before washing, the fabrics were soaked for 3 min in a standard detergent solution and subsequently washed in a water bath. The dirt removal was evaluated through colorimetric measurements. The total color differences ΔE of the samples were measured with respect to an uncontaminated fabric, before and after each washing cycle. The percentage of ΔE variation obtained was calculated and correlated to the dirt removal. The results showed that the US transducers enhanced the dirt removal and temperature was the parameter most influencing the US efficiency on the cleaning process. Better results were obtained at a lower process temperature.
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Riaz F, Hassan A, Rehman S, Niazi I, Jochumsen M, Dremstrup K. Processing movement related cortical potentials in EEG signals for identification of slow and fast movements. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2014:4908-11. [PMID: 25571092 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2014.6944724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The extraction of intended kinetic information from an EEG signal can have several applications related to the rehabilitation for subjects with various neurological disorders. However, the task is mainly constrained by the low signal-to-noise ratio for the EEG signals. It is well known that the cortical activity takes place at a very low frequency since it is characterized by the dropping of movement related cortical potential (MRCP) across the sampled EEG signal. The strong variations in the MRCP is indicative of the noise due to various sources. The aim of this work is to remove this noise from the EEG signals using empirical mode decomposition, which decomposes a signal into harmonics (intrinsic mode functions--IMF) of various frequencies. The IMFs pertaining to small frequencies are later used for features extraction where we extract the spatial and spectral features from the selected IMFs. The features are later used for classification using support vector machines (SVM). Our experiments show superior results to the benchmark method for the underlying dataset that has been used in this research.
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Cammareri G, Lanzani C, Cirillo F, Turba F, Rehman S, Ferrazzi E. New-Generation Reusable Bipolar Electrode in Office Hysteroscopy. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2014.08.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Rehman S, John SKP, Lochan R, Jaques BC, Manas DM, Charnley RM, French JJ, White SA. Oncological feasibility of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for adenocarcinoma: a single-institution comparative study. World J Surg 2014; 38:476-83. [PMID: 24081543 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-013-2268-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) is performed increasingly for pancreatic pathology in the body and tail of the pancreas. However, only few reports have compared its oncological efficacy with open distal pancreatectomy (ODP). We compared these two techniques in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. METHODS From a prospectively maintained database, all patients who underwent either LDP or ODP for adenocarcinoma in the body and tail of the pancreas between January 2008 and December 2011 were compared. Data were analysed using SPSS(®) v19 utilising standard tests. A p value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Of 101 patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy, 22 had histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma (LDP n = 8, ODP n = 14). Both groups were well matched for age and the size of tumour (22 vs. 32 mm, p = 0.22). Intraoperative blood loss was 306 ml compared with 650 ml for ODP (p = 0.152). A longer operative time was noted for LDP (376 vs. 274 min, p < 0.05). Total length of stay was shorter for LDP compared with ODP (8 vs. 12 days, p = 0.05). The number of postoperative pancreatic fistulas were similar (LDP n = 2 vs. ODP n = 3, p = 0.5). Complete resection (R0) was achieved in 88 % of LDP (n = 7) compared with 86 % of ODP (n = 12). The median number of lymph nodes harvested was 16 for LDP versus 14 for ODP. Overall 3-year survival also was similar: LDP = 82 %, ODP = 74 % (p = 0.89). CONCLUSIONS From an oncological perspective, LDP is a viable procedure and its results are comparable to ODP for ductal adenocarcinomas arising in the body and tail of the pancreas.
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Roach M, Rehman S, DeWees T, Mullen D, Bradley J, Robinson C. Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Multiple Primary Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Rehman S, Speirs C, Molotievschi A, Mullen D, Fergus S, DeWees T, Velez M, Bradley J, Robinson C. Evaluating a Nomogram for the Development of Radiation Pneumonitis in Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With 3D and Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Speirs C, Rehman S, Molotievschi A, Velez M, DeWees T, Mullen D, Fergus S, Bradley J, Robinson C. Comprehensive Analysis of Dosimetric Predictors of Overall Survival for Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Treated With Definitive Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.1964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Dewhirst E, Rehman S, Tobias JD. Perioperative care of an infant with pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency. SOUTHERN AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/22201173.2012.10872837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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John SKP, Robinson SM, Rehman S, Harrison B, Vallance A, French JJ, Jaques BC, Charnley RM, Manas DM, White SA. Prognostic factors and survival after resection of colorectal liver metastasis in the era of preoperative chemotherapy: an 11-year single-centre study. Dig Surg 2013; 30:293-301. [PMID: 23969407 DOI: 10.1159/000354310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A variety of factors have been identified in the literature which influence survival following resection of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). Much of this literature is historical, and its relevance to contemporary practice is not known. The aim of this study was to identify those factors which influence survival during the era of preoperative chemotherapy in patients undergoing resection of CRLM in a UK centre. METHODS All patients having liver resection for CRLM during an 11-year period up to 2011 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Prognostic factors analysed included tumour size (≥5 or <5 cm), lymph node status of the primary tumour, margin positivity (R1; <1 mm), neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (for liver), tumour differentiation, number of liver metastases (≥4), preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA; ≥200 ng/ml) and whether metastases were synchronous (i.e. diagnosed within 12 months of colorectal resection) or metachronous to the primary tumour. Overall survival (OS) was compared using Kaplan-Meier plots and a log rank test for significance. Multivariate analysis was performed using a Cox regression model. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS v19, and p < 0.05 was considered to be significant. RESULTS 432 patients underwent resection of CRLM during this period (67% male; mean age 64.5 years), and of these, 54 (13.5%) had re-resections. The overall 5-year survival in this series was 43% with an actuarial 10-year survival of 40%. A preoperative CEA ≥200 ng/ml was present in 10% of patients and was associated with a poorer 5-year OS (24 vs. 45%; p < 0.001). A positive resection margin <1 mm was present in 16% of patients, and this had a negative impact on 5-year OS (15 vs. 47%; p < 0.001). Tumour differentiation, number, biliary or vascular invasion, size, relationship to primary disease, nodal status of the primary disease or the use of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy had no impact on OS. Multivariate analysis identified only the presence of a positive resection margin (OR 1.75; p < 0.05) and a preoperative CEA ≥200 ng/ml (OR 1.88; p < 0.01) as independent predictors of poor OS. CONCLUSION Despite the wide variety of prognostic factors reported in the literature, this study was only able to identify a preoperative CEA ≥200 ng/ml and the presence of tumour within 1 mm of the resection margin as being of value in predicting survival. These variables are likely to identify patients who may benefit from intensive follow-up to enable early aggressive treatment of recurrent disease.
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Hafeez M, Rehman S, Manzoor U, Khan MA, Bhatti AS. Catalyst driven optical properties of the self-assembled ZnS nanostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:9726-34. [PMID: 23673360 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50534k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the effect of different catalysts (Mn, Au and Sn) on the room temperature photoluminescence and Raman spectra of VLS grown ZnS nanostructures. The catalysts found to self-dope the ZnS nanostructures during its growth were confirmed by XRD and XPS results. The extent of self-doping, which depended on the type and size of catalysts, was observed strongly to have affected the optical properties of ZnS nanostructures, particularly intrinsic defects like S and Zn vacancies. Intense broad bands in the visible due to intrinsic defects, namely Zn and S vacancies were observed, which were quite different for each catalyst as well as for the size of the catalyst. Au and Mn catalyzed ZnS nanostructures also showed creation of catalyst related defects, which were absent in the case of Sn. From the PL spectra, an estimation of the Zn and S vacancies was made for each type of catalyzed ZnS nanostructures. Surface optic (SO) phonon modes of the ZnS nanostructures were also observed to behave differently for the three catalysts. The dielectric continuum model was applied to determine the correlation length and variation in the surface potential modulations in these nanostructures. It was deduced from optical studies that the location of dopant in self-doped ZnS nanostructures strongly affected the luminescence properties. Finally it was concluded that self-doping using a suitable catalyst can be a simple and controllable way to dope ZnS nanostructures with tailored optical characteristics.
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Sahin AZ, Mokheimer EM, Bahaidarah HM, Antar MA, Gandhidasan P, Ben-Mansour R, Al-Dini S, Rehman S, Bejan A, Al-Nimr MA, Oztop HF, Chen L, Midilli A, Lawrence J. Special Issue: Thermodynamic Optimization, Exergy Analysis, and Constructal Design. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-012-0519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cammareri G, Lanzani C, Cirillo F, Macalli E, Turri A, Rehman S, Buzzella F, Ferrazzi E. O128 ISOBARIC MYOMECTOMY: SURGICAL AND REPRODUCTIVE OUTCOMES OF 5 YEARS EXPERIENCE. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(12)60558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cammareri G, Turri A, Lanzani C, Rehman S, Cirillo F, Buzzella F, Ferrazzi E, Di Francesco S. O129 OFFICE HYSTEROSCOPIC MYOMECTOMY: EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT PROCEDURE. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(12)60559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sharif M, Shahzad MA, Rehman S, Khan S, Ali R, Khan ML, Khan K. Nutritional evaluation of distillery sludge and its effect as a substitute of canola meal on performance of broiler chickens. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2012; 25:401-9. [PMID: 25049579 PMCID: PMC4092959 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.11279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate the chemical composition of distillery yeast sludge and its inclusion in broiler diets to replace canola meal. Raw distillery yeast sludge was washed with water using water and sludge in the ratio 6:1, respectively. Proximate analysis of raw distillery yeast sludge and washed distillery sludge was carried out for crude protein (CP), true protein (TP), ether extract (EE), ash, acid insoluble ash and nitrogen free extract (NFE) determination. Mineral contents and amino acid profile of raw distillery yeast sludge and washed distillery sludge were also determined. After chemical evaluation, four iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous broiler starter and finisher diets were prepared in mash form using 0 (control), 4, 8 and 12% levels of washed distillery sludge replacing canola meal. One hundred and twenty day-old broiler chicks were randomly distributed into 12 experimental units in such a way that each diet was offered to three experimental units, each comprising of 10 chicks. It was observed that washing affected the nutrients either by decreasing or increasing their concentration. It decreased the total mineral contents whereas CP, TP, EE and NFE contents increased. Washing also increased amino acid profile. Average feed intake and weight gain were higher in birds fed diet containing 8% washed distillery sludge and lower in birds fed diet containing 0% washed distillery sludge. Feed cost per kg live weight gain decreased significantly as the level of washed distillery sludge was increased in the diet. Average heart, liver and pancreas weights decreased with increased level of washed distillery sludge in the diet. The study revealed that after washing, distillery yeast sludge can be used successfully in broiler diets up to the level of 8% without any adverse effect on broiler’s performance.
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Fowler JR, Kleiner MT, Das R, Gaughan JP, Rehman S. Assisted closure of fasciotomy wounds: A descriptive series and caution in patients with vascular injury. Bone Joint Res 2012; 1:31-5. [PMID: 23610668 PMCID: PMC3626192 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.13.2000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) and vessel loop assisted
closure are two common methods used to assist with the closure of
fasciotomy wounds. This retrospective review compares these two
methods using a primary outcome measurement of skin graft requirement. Methods A retrospective search was performed to identify patients who
underwent fasciotomy at our institution. Patient demographics, location
of the fasciotomy, type of assisted closure, injury characteristics,
need for skin graft, length of stay and evidence of infection within
90 days were recorded. Results A total of 56 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these,
49 underwent vessel loop closure and seven underwent NPWT assisted
closure. Patients who underwent NPWT assisted closure were at higher
risk for requiring skin grafting than patients who underwent vessel
loop closure, with an odds ratio of 5.9 (95% confidence interval
1.11 to 31.24). There was no difference in the rate of infection
or length of stay between the two groups. Demographic factors such
as age, gender, fracture mechanism, location of fasciotomy and presence
of open fracture were not predictive of the need for skin grafting. Conclusion This retrospective descriptive case series demonstrates an increased
risk of skin grafting in patients who underwent fasciotomy and were
treated with NPWT assisted wound closure. In our series, vessel
loop closure was protective against the need for skin grafting.
Due to the small sample size in the NPWT group, caution should be
taken when generalising these results. Further research is needed
to determine if NPWT assisted closure of fasciotomy wounds truly
leads to an increased requirement for skin grafting, or if the vascular
injury is the main risk factor.
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Rehman S, Ahmad J, Lanzoni C, Autonell CR, Ratti C. First Report of Citrus tristeza virus in National Germplasm of Citrus in Afghanistan. PLANT DISEASE 2012; 96:296. [PMID: 30731841 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-11-0647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rejuvenation of the horticulture industry is a government priority in Afghanistan. With that purpose, European Commission-supported programs specifically focus on greater access to improved and appropriate planting materials to increase the quantity and quality of more competitive horticultural products. Establishment of a biotechnology laboratory was considered essential support to horticulture sector development. This laboratory has begun screening the health status of the Afghan Germplasm National Collection to ensure multiplication of not only the best selected varieties or ecotypes but also to avoid reproduction and distribution of virus-infected fruit trees. Symptom inspection and sample collection for viral diseases was carried out in the citrus orchard during survey activity at the National Collection Experimental Farm in Jalalabad (Nangarhar Province). Ninety-nine variety plots (one row of five plants) were inspected visually and samples from two plants for each plot were collected and analyzed by double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA. Plants showing vein flecking, yellowing, and plant decline symptoms were observed in several plots. Four accessions were found to be infected by Citrus tristeza virus (CTV): kumquat cv. Margarita (isolates J4 and J8), orange cv. Mahali (J61), mandarin group cv. Fruter (J76), and rough lemon cv. Mahali (J101). Identified isolates have been characterized molecularly. A 655-nt fragment, corresponding to the major coat protein gene, has been amplified from all ELISA-positive samples by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using CTVF (5'-TAATGGACGACGAACAAAGA-3') and CTVR (5'-CCAAGCTGCCTGACATTAGT-3') primers. Sequence analysis revealed high similarity, ranging from 91.1 to 99.8%, within CTV isolates detected in Jalalabad. In accordance with the phylogenetic groups previously defined (page 8 in: Proceedings of the 15th Conference of the International Organization of Citrus Virologists, 2002), nucleotide sequences of Afghan CTV isolates investigated in the current work cluster in Group 1 (J4 and J8), Group 4 (J61 and J76), and Group 5 (J101). In particular, J4 and J8 isolates show, respectively, identity of 99.4 and 99.2% with reference isolate T36 (GenBank Accession No. M76485) from the United States (Florida). Moreover, in Group 4, isolate J61 and J76 were more similar to ANO-1 isolate (GenBank Accession No. DQ211658) from Egypt (identity of 98.5 and 98.0%, respectively) than to isolate 443-4 (GenBank Accession No. AY791844) from Croatia (97.4 and 97.5%, respectively). Finally, isolate J101 in Group 5, shows identity of 95.6% with isolates C268-2 (GenBank Accession No. AY750770) and C269-6 (GenBank Accession No. AY750775) from Argentina. To our knowledge, our results identified for the first time CTV-infected plants in Afghanistan. The presence of CTV in four accessions of the national citrus collection is of concern for Afghan horticulture. Implementation of the certification schemes is therefore necessary to guarantee the production and the employment of virus-free propagating material.
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Ahmed J, Mehmood S, Rehman S, Ilyas C, Khan L. Impact of a structured template and staff training on compliance and quality of clinical handover. Int J Surg 2012; 10:571-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Revised: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Rehman S, Tangri A, Shin J, Mehta V, Moore A, Breen D, Black E. 187 Endobronchial intervention at Oxford – two year experience and outcomes. Lung Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(12)70188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Zhang JB, Balla NK, Gao C, Sheppard CJR, Yung LYL, Rehman S, Teo JY, Kulkarni SR, Fu YH, Yin SJ. Surface Modified Gold Nanorods in Two Photon Luminescence Imaging. Aust J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/ch12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanorods (AuNRs) possess unique optical properties which make them good contrast agents for optical microscopy. Their longitudinal plasmon resonance peak can be easily tuned from red to near infrared wavelength by increasing their aspect ratio to match the wavelengths of different imaging modalities. AuNRs are also stronger scatterers of light as compared with gold nanospheres. Nevertheless what sets them apart from other gold nanoparticles is their strong multiphoton luminescence. AuNRs are therefore being increasingly used as contrast agents for multiphoton microscopy of biological samples. In this study, control of the longitudinal resonance peak of gold nanorods is investigated with comparison of two chemical synthesis approaches. Both based on a seed-mediated method, one approach is to tune the aspect ratio through manipulation of the ratio of gold seeds to gold salt and the other is through variation of the volume of hydrochloric acid. The synthesized gold nanorods were made biocompatible by replacing the cytotoxic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) molecules with either silica (SiO2) or polyethylene glycol (PEG). Multiphoton imaging of gold nanorods taken up by cells was demonstrated and the effect of PEG chain length on passive uptake of gold nanorods by cells is discussed.
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