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Leem HH, Kim EO, Seo MJ, Choi SW. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Eugenol and Its Derivatives from Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.10.1361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Cho SH, Park EJ, Kim EO, Choi SW. Study on the hypochlolesterolemic and antioxidative effects of tyramine derivatives from the root bark of Lycium chenese Miller. Nutr Res Pract 2011; 5:412-20. [PMID: 22125678 PMCID: PMC3221826 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2011.5.5.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the hypocholesterolemic effect and potential of tyramine derivatives from Lycii Cortex Radicis (LCR), the root bark of lycium (Lycium chenese Miller) in reducing lipid peroxidation. The activities of enzymes, hepatic 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl (HMG) CoA reductase and acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) and LDL oxidation were measured in vitro and animal experiments were also performed by feeding LCR extracts to rats. The test compounds employed for in vitro study were trans-N-p-coumaroyltyramine (CT) and trans-N-feruloyltyramine (FT), LCR components, N-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin (CS) and N-feruloylserotonin (FS) from safflower seeds, ferulic acid (FA) and 10-gingerol. It was observed that FT and FS at the concentration of 1.2 mg/mL inhibited liver microsomal HMG CoA reductase activity by ~40%, but no inhibition of activity was seen in the cases of CT, CS, FA and 10-gingerol. Whereas, ACAT activity was inhibited ~50% by FT and CT, 34-43% by FS and CS and ~80% by 10-gingerol at the concentration of 1 mg/mL. A significant delay in LDL oxidation was induced by CT, FT, and 10-gingerol. For the animal experiment, five groups of Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed high fat diets containing no test material (HF-control), 1 and 2% of LCR ethanol extract (LCR1 and LCR2), and 1% of extracts from safflower seed (Saf) and ginger (Gin). The results indicated that total cholesterol level was significantly lower in Saf, LCR2 and Gin groups, and HDL cholesterol level was lower only in Gin group when compared with HF-control group; while there was no difference in the serum triglyceride levels among the five experimental groups. The level of liver cholesterol was significantly lower in LCR1 and LCR2 groups than HF-control. Serum levels of TBARS were significantly lower only in LCR2 group when compared with HF-control group. From the observed results, we concluded that LCR can be utilized as a hypocholesterolemic ingredient in combination with ginger, especially for functional foods.
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Cho SH, Jang JH, Yoon JY, Han CD, Choi Y, Choi SW. Effects of a safflower tea supplement on antioxidative status and bone markers in postmenopausal women. Nutr Res Pract 2011; 5:20-7. [PMID: 21487492 PMCID: PMC3061265 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2011.5.1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted this study to examine the effects of safflower seed granular tea containing physiologically active polyphenols on antioxidative activities and bone metabolism. Forty postmenopausal women ages 49 to 64-years were recruited from Daegu and Gyeongbuk and were randomly assigned to either a safflower tea supplement (Saf-tea) group (n = 27) or a placebo group (n = 13). The Saf-tea group received 20 g of safflower seed granule tea per day containing a 13% ethanol extract of defatted safflower seeds, whereas the placebo group received a similar type of tea that lacked the ethanol extract. No significant changes in nutrient intake for either the placebo or Saf-tea groups were observed before or after the study period, except vitamin A intake increased after 6 months in the Saf-tea group. Dietary phytoestrogen intakes were similar in the Saf-tea group (60.3 mg) and placebo group (52.5 mg). Significant increases in plasma genistein and enterolactone were observed in the Saf-tea group. After 6 months of supplementation, serum levels of antioxidant vitamins such as α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid increased significantly, and TBARS levels decreased in the Saf-tea group compared to the placebo group. Serum osteocalcin levels were reduced (P < 0.05) in the Saf-tea group after 6 months, whereas serum osteocalcin did not change in the placebo group. Urinary deoxypyridinoline/creatinine excretion was not different between the two groups at baseline, and did not change in either group after 6 months. Bone mineral density decreased significantly in the placebo group (P < 0.01) but not in the supplemented group. It was concluded that polyphenols (72 mg/day), including serotonin derivatives, in the Saf-tea had both antioxidant and potential bone protecting effects in postmenopausal women without liver toxicity.
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Kim EO, Yu MH, Lee YJ, Leem HH, Kim SA, Kang DH, Choi SW. Comparison of Functional Constituents and Biological Activity of the Seed Extracts from Two Mulberry Fruits. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2010.15.2.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Yu MH, Kim EO, Choi SW. Quantitative Changes of Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives and Anthocyanin in Corn (Zea mays L.) According to Cultivars and Heat Processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2010.39.6.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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56
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Kim HJ, Choi SW, Cho SH. Effects of Various Mulberry Products on the Blood Glucose and Lipid Status of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.4163/kjn.2010.43.6.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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57
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Seo IH, Choi SW. Preparation of High Quality Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Seed Extract by High-Pressure Extraction Process. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2009.14.4.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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58
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Zhu XM, Hu JN, Shin JA, Li D, Jin J, Adhikari P, Akoh CC, Lee JH, Choi SW, Lee KT. Enrichment of pinolenic acid at thesn-2 position of triacylglycerol molecules through lipase-catalyzed reaction. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2009; 61:138-48. [DOI: 10.3109/09637480903348106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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59
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Park JH, Chang BU, Kim YJ, Seo JS, Choi SW, Yun JY. Determination of low (137)Cs concentration in seawater using ammonium 12-molybdophosphate adsorption and chemical separation method. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2008; 99:1815-1818. [PMID: 18799246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2007] [Revised: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A new method has been developed for analyzing (137)Cs in a small volume of seawater. Ammonium 12-molybdophosphate (AMP) was used two times during pretreatment procedure. The first step was to adsorb (137)Cs in seawater samples into AMP in order to reduce sample volume, and the second was to remove (87)Rb, interference nuclide for beta counting. The AMP adsorbing (137)Cs was dissolved by sodium hydroxide solution, and then (137)Cs was finally formed to be cesium chloroplatinate precipitate by adding 10% hexachloroplatinic acid. The beta rays emitted from (137)Cs were measured with a low background gas-proportional alpha/beta counter. This method was applied to several seawater samples taken in the East Sea of Korea. Compared to the routinely used gamma-spectrometry method, this new AMP method was reliable and suitable for analyzing (137)Cs in deep seawater.
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Kim EO, Lee KT, Choi SW. Chemical Comparison of Germinated- and Ungerminated-Safflower(Carthamus tinctorius) Seeds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.9.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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61
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Kim KR, Choi JH, Woo MH, Kim YH, Choi SW. Effects of Enzymatic Hydrolysates from Hamcho (Salicornia herbacea L.) on Blood Glucose and Serum Lipid Composition in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.2.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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62
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Yoo SJ, Kim DC, Joung M, Kim JS, Lee BJ, Oh KS, Kim KU, Kim YH, Kim YW, Choi SW, Son HJ, Park YC, Jang JN, Hong MP. Hyperthermal neutral beam sources for material processing. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2008; 79:02C301. [PMID: 18315241 DOI: 10.1063/1.2801343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hyperthermal neutral beams have a great potential for material processes, especially for etching and thin film deposition for semiconductor and display fabrication as well as deposition for various thin film applications. Plasma-induced damage during plasma etching is a serious problem for manufacturing deep submicron semiconductor devices and is expected to be a problem for future nanoscale devices. Thermal and plasma-induced damage is also problematic for thin film depositions such as transparent conductive oxide films on organic light emitting diodes or flexible displays due to high temperature processes in plasma environments. These problems can be overcome by damage-free and low-temperature processes with hyperthermal neutral beams. We will present the status of the hyperthermal neutral beam development and the applications, especially, in semiconductor and display fabrication and introduce potential applications of thin film growing for optoelectronic devices such as light emitting diodes.
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Jang HS, Kim KR, Choi SW, Woo MH, Choi JH. Antioxidant and antithrombus activities of enzyme-treated Salicornia herbacea extracts. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2007; 51:119-25. [PMID: 17536188 DOI: 10.1159/000100826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2005] [Accepted: 08/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was attempted to investigate antioxidant and antithrombus activities of water and methanol extracts of enzyme-treated Salicornia herbacea (SH)by in vitro assays observing the inhibitory activity of a rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation, DPPH radical scavenging activity, activated partial thromboplastin times (APTT) and thromboplastin times (TT). The water and methanol extracts from enzyme-treated SH inhibited the lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner over a concentration range of 0.1-1.0 mg/ml. The activity of enzyme-treated water and methanol extracts was stronger than that of non-enzyme-treated water and methanol extracts. The inhibitory activity of the water extract was higher at a concentration of 1.0 mg/ml than that of the methanol extract. The activity was the highest in the enzyme-treated water extract, and was approximately 1.08 times higher than alpha-tocopherol, a natural antioxidant. The DPPH radical scavenging activities of the SH extracts were similar to their lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity. The APTT of the water and methanol extracts was delayed at a concentration range of 0.25-2.0 mg/ml in a dose-dependent manner. The APTT of the methanol extract was longer at a concentration of 1.0 mg/ml than that of the water extracts. The enzyme-treated methanol extract exhibited the longest APTT even at a concentration of 0.50 mg/ml. The TT activities of the SH extracts were also similar to their APTT activities. These results suggest that water and methanol extracts of the enzyme-treated SH may be useful as potential antioxidant and antithrombus sources, respectively.
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Kim EO, Lee JY, Choi SW. Quantitative Changes in Phenolic Compounds of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Seeds during Growth and Processing. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2006.11.4.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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65
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Choi SW, Nam KW, Lee JC, Yoon KH, Kim JC, Sun K, Min BG. Design of a Subcutaneous Vascular Access Device Using Ni-Ti SMA Clamps for Hemodialysis. Int J Artif Organs 2006; 29:280-5. [PMID: 16685671 DOI: 10.1177/039139880602900305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A subcutaneous vascular access device which utilizes an Ni-Ti shape memory alloy (Ni-Ti SMA) spring, has been developed as a new method for subcutaneous vascular access in the treatment of hemodialysis patients. Until now, the connection between the SVAD and needle cannot be externally monitored, and the clamp must be opened and closed with a percutaneous needle by a nephrologist. The SMA-SVAD accomplishes the opening and closing of its clamp using two Ni-Ti SMA springs, and a transcutaneous energy transmission system (TET) transmits energy to the Ni-Ti SMA springs without the need for percutaneous wires. Two SMA springs open and close the clamp of the SMA-SVAD, without affecting any of the other parts of the system. Wasted thermal energy is reduced to minimal values via electrical regional heating methods. The state of the SMA-SVAD can be monitored according to the amount of power consumed by the external energy transmitter. In in-vitro experiments, when the clamp was opened and the pressure difference in the hemodialysis machine was set to 50 mmHg, water flow through SMA-SVAD reached 500 ml/min. The maximal surface temperatures of the SVAD and catheter were successfully maintained at proper levels (38~39°C), 2~3 degrees higher than the temperature of the surrounding tissues. The time elapsed from the initiation of energy transmission until the opening of the SMA clamp was 5 seconds.
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Kim KR, Jang MJ, Choi SW, Woo MH, Choi JH. Effects of Water Extract from Enzymic-Treated Hamcho (Salicornia herbacea) on Lipid Metabolism in Rats Fed High Cholesterol Diet. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2006.35.1.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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67
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Lee C, Choi SW, Lee IB. Sensor fault diagnosis in a wastewater treatment process. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2006; 53:251-7. [PMID: 16532755 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2006.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
There are many sensors in a wastewater treatment process (WWTP) plant for monitoring process performance and condition. Sensor validation is essential to the success of process monitoring. In this paper, various sensor faults which can occur in WWTP are identified for taking proper remedial action at an early time. A proposed sensor fault isolation method is based on the variable reconstruction using principal component analysis (PCA). Even though several methods have been developed to identify sensor faults, they are only applicable to a static process. In other words, they cannot be successfully used to monitor severe dynamic processes such as WWTPs. We have removed this limitation by developing reconstruction methods based on a dynamic version of PCA. Artificial scenarios of sensor faults generated from the simulation benchmark have been used to validate the proposed sensor identifying methodology. Also, it is compared to a previous method to show its relative superiority in sensor fault validation in the WWTP.
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Choi SW, Islam S, Greenson JK, Levine J, Hutchinson R, Yanik G, Teitelbaum DH, Ferrara JLM, Cooke KR. The use of laparoscopic liver biopsies in pediatric patients with hepatic dysfunction following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005; 36:891-6. [PMID: 16184184 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic dysfunction following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is common, but making the correct diagnosis can be challenging. Liver biopsies can serve as an important diagnostic tool when the etiology cannot be clearly determined by laboratory data, physical examination, and imaging studies. We reviewed 12 consecutive pediatric patients (seven males, five females, age 9-23 years) who received allogeneic HSCT and underwent a laparoscopic-guided liver biopsy for hepatic dysfunction of unknown etiology from 1998 to 2005. Biopsies were performed using a single-port technique with a 16 or 18 gauge, spring-loaded biopsy gun. The time from HSCT to biopsy ranged from 31 days to 821 days (median 92 days). No intra- or postoperative complications were observed. The initial clinical diagnosis was confirmed in seven patients, whereas the initial working diagnosis was inaccurate in the remaining five patients. Our results suggest that laparoscopic-guided liver biopsy is an informative and safe procedure in pediatric HSCT recipients; this approach helped delineate the true cause of hepatic dysfunction and changed our therapeutic approach in approximately 40% of the patients reviewed. While the safety record at our institution appears promising, a larger multi-institutional study would be necessary to more accurately describe the overall efficacy of this procedure in pediatric HSCT patients.
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Hu KS, Song WC, Kim SH, Choi SW, Han SH, Paik DJ, Kim HJ, Koh KS. Branching patterns of the arterial branches supplying the middle vascular pedicle of the sternocleidomastoid muscle: a topographic anatomical study with surgical applications for the use of pedicles osteomuscular flaps. Surg Radiol Anat 2005; 28:7-12. [PMID: 16365695 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-005-0053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2004] [Accepted: 09/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
When making a sternocleidomastoid (SCM) osteomuscular flap to include the clavicle and determining the rotation arc of the osteomuscular flap, it is very important to know the location and the origin of the superior thyroid artery and the distribution pattern of the SCM branch. Accordingly, in this study, the 50 SCM muscles and their arteries were dissected in 26 Korean cadavers, and the results were analyzed. The average distances from the origin of the superior thyroid artery to the clavicular and sternal heads of the SCM muscle were 87.6 mm (57.7-123.8 mm) and 131.2 mm (99.7-166.8 mm), respectively. The average distance from the origin of the superior thyroid artery to the SCM branch entering the SCM muscle was 30.1 mm (16.0-37.7 mm). After entering the SCM muscle, the SCM branches of the superior thyroid artery bifurcated into the clavicular and sternal branches at a point located an average of 58.8 mm (28.4-130.4 mm) above the clavicle. The distribution patterns of the superior thyroid artery were classified into six types based on the branching order and the dual supplies to the SCM muscle. Among them, type I in which the laryngeal branch first divided from the superior thyroid artery was the most common case (36%).
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Shin YW, Lee SK, Kwon YJ, Rhee SJ, Choi SW. Radical Scavenging Activities of Phenolic Compounds Isolated from Mulberry (Morus spp.) Cake. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2005.10.4.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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71
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Choi SW, Benzie IFF, Lam CSY, Chat SWS, Lam J, Yiu CH, Kwan JJ, Tang YH, Yeung GSP, Yeung VTF, Woo GC, Hannigan BM, Strain JJ. Inter-relationships between DNA damage, ascorbic acid and glycaemic control in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 2005; 22:1347-53. [PMID: 16176195 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01647.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The onset of complications in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients cannot be predicted in individuals. Evidence suggests a link between complications and hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress and antioxidants, but causality is unclear. This study investigated baseline (entry) fasting plasma ascorbic acid, lymphocytic DNA damage and glycaemic control in Type 2 DM as part of a long-term study, the aim of which is to explore a biomarker profiling approach to identify and improve outcome in high-risk subjects. METHODS A cross-sectional study, in which DNA damage, glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and ascorbic acid (AA) were measured on fasting blood samples collected from 427 Type 2 DM subjects. RESULTS DNA damage was significantly (P < 0.0001) and directly correlated to both FPG (r = 0.540) and HbA(1c) (r = 0.282), and was significantly (P < 0.0001), independently and inversely correlated to plasma AA (r = -0.449). In those subjects with both poor glycaemic control and low AA (< 48 microm, the overall mean value for the study group), DNA damage was significantly (P < 0.005) higher compared with those subjects with a similar degree of hyperglycaemia but with AA above the mean. CONCLUSIONS The novel finding of a significant inverse relationship between plasma AA and DNA damage in Type 2 DM indicates that poorly controlled diabetic subjects might benefit from increased dietary vitamin C. The data also have important implications for biomarker profiling to identify those subjects who might benefit most from intensive therapy. Longer-term follow-up is underway.
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Szeto YT, Benzie IFF, Collins AR, Choi SW, Cheng CY, Yow CMN, Tse MMY. A buccal cell model comet assay: development and evaluation for human biomonitoring and nutritional studies. Mutat Res 2005; 578:371-81. [PMID: 16085124 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2005] [Revised: 05/31/2005] [Accepted: 06/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The comet assay is a widely used biomonitoring tool for DNA damage. The most commonly used cells in human studies are lymphocytes. There is an urgent need to find an alternative target human cell that can be collected from normal subjects with minimal invasion. There are some reports of buccal cells, collected easily from the inside of the mouth, being used in studies of DNA damage and repair, and these were of interest. However, our preliminary studies following the published protocol showed that buccal cells sustained massive damage and disintegrated at the high pH [O. Ostling, K.J. Johanson. Microelectrophoretic study of radiation-induced DNA damages in individual mammalian cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 123 (1984) 291-298] used, but that at lower pH were extremely resistant to lysis, an essential step in the comet assay. Therefore, the aims of this study were to develop a protocol than enabled buccal cell lysis and DNA damage testing in the comet assay, and to use the model to evaluate the potential use of the buccal cell model in human biomonitoring and nutritional study. Specifically, we aimed to investigate intra- and inter-individual differences in buccal cell DNA damage (as strand breaks), the effect of in vitro exposure to both a standard oxidant challenge and antioxidant treatment, as well as in situ exposure to an antioxidant-rich beverage and supplementation-related effects using a carotenoid-rich food. Successful lysis was achieved using 0.25% trypsin for 30 min followed by proteinase K (1mg/ml) treatment for 60 min. When this procedure was performed on cells pre-embedded in agarose on a microscope slide, followed by electrophoresis (in 0.01 M NaOH, 1mM EDTA, pH 9.1, 18 min at 12 V), a satisfactory comet image was obtained, though inter-individual variation was quite wide. Pre-lysis exposure of cells to a standard oxidant challenge (induced by H2O2) increased DNA strand breaks in a dose related manner, and incubation of cells in Trolox (a water soluble Vitamin E analogue) conferred significant protection (P<0.05) against subsequent oxidant challenge. Exposure of buccal cell in situ (i.e. in the mouth) to antioxidant-rich green tea led to an acute decrease in basal DNA strand breaks. In a controlled human intervention trial, buccal cells from 14 subjects after 28 days' supplementation with a carotenoid-rich berry (Fructus barbarum L.) showed a small but statistically significant (P<0.05) decrease in DNA strand breaks. These data indicate that this buccal cell comet assay is a feasible and potentially useful alternative tool to the usual lymphocyte model in human biomonitoring and nutritional work.
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Kwon YJ, Rhee SJ, Chu JW, Choi SW. Comparison of Radical Scavenging Activity of Extracts of Mulberry Juice and Cake Prepared from Mulberry (Morus spp.) Fruit. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2005.10.2.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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74
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Lee JY, Park KS, Choi SW. Changes in Flavonoid Contents of Safflower Leaf during Growth and Processing. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2005.10.1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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75
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Kim YH, Lee SH, Lee JY, Choi SW, Park JW, Kwon TK. Triptolide inhibits murine-inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by down-regulating lipopolysaccharide-induced activity of nuclear factor-kappa B and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 494:1-9. [PMID: 15194445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2003] [Revised: 04/07/2004] [Accepted: 04/26/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Triptolide (PG490) is a natural, biologically active compound extracted from the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii. It has been shown to possess potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. In Raw 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic inflammation, triptolide inhibits nitric oxide (NO) production in a dose-dependent manner and abrogates inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression. To investigate the mechanism by which triptolide inhibits murine iNOS gene expression, we examined activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) in these cells. Addition of triptolide inhibited phosphorylation of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) but not that of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. In addition, triptolide significantly inhibited the DNA binding activity of NF-kappa B. Taken together, these results suggest that triptolide acts to inhibit inflammation through inhibition of NO production and iNOS expression through blockade of NF-kappa B and JNK activation.
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