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Oikonomou EK, Marwan M, Desai MY, Mancio J, Alashi A, Hutt Centeno E, Thomas S, Herdman L, Kotanidis CP, Thomas KE, Griffin BP, Flamm SD, Antonopoulos AS, Shirodaria C, Sabharwal N, Deanfield J, Neubauer S, Hopewell JC, Channon KM, Achenbach S, Antoniades C. Non-invasive detection of coronary inflammation using computed tomography and prediction of residual cardiovascular risk (the CRISP CT study): a post-hoc analysis of prospective outcome data. Lancet 2018; 392:929-939. [PMID: 30170852 PMCID: PMC6137540 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 532] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery inflammation inhibits adipogenesis in adjacent perivascular fat. A novel imaging biomarker-the perivascular fat attenuation index (FAI)-captures coronary inflammation by mapping spatial changes of perivascular fat attenuation on coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA). However, the ability of the perivascular FAI to predict clinical outcomes is unknown. METHODS In the Cardiovascular RISk Prediction using Computed Tomography (CRISP-CT) study, we did a post-hoc analysis of outcome data gathered prospectively from two independent cohorts of consecutive patients undergoing coronary CTA in Erlangen, Germany (derivation cohort) and Cleveland, OH, USA (validation cohort). Perivascular fat attenuation mapping was done around the three major coronary arteries-the proximal right coronary artery, the left anterior descending artery, and the left circumflex artery. We assessed the prognostic value of perivascular fat attenuation mapping for all-cause and cardiac mortality in Cox regression models, adjusted for age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, tube voltage, modified Duke coronary artery disease index, and number of coronary CTA-derived high-risk plaque features. FINDINGS Between 2005 and 2009, 1872 participants in the derivation cohort underwent coronary CTA (median age 62 years [range 17-89]). Between 2008 and 2016, 2040 patients in the validation cohort had coronary CTA (median age 53 years [range 19-87]). Median follow-up was 72 months (range 51-109) in the derivation cohort and 54 months (range 4-105) in the validation cohort. In both cohorts, high perivascular FAI values around the proximal right coronary artery and left anterior descending artery (but not around the left circumflex artery) were predictive of all-cause and cardiac mortality and correlated strongly with each other. Therefore, the perivascular FAI measured around the right coronary artery was used as a representative biomarker of global coronary inflammation (for prediction of cardiac mortality, hazard ratio [HR] 2·15, 95% CI 1·33-3·48; p=0·0017 in the derivation cohort, and 2·06, 1·50-2·83; p<0·0001 in the validation cohort). The optimum cutoff for the perivascular FAI, above which there is a steep increase in cardiac mortality, was ascertained as -70·1 Hounsfield units (HU) or higher in the derivation cohort (HR 9·04, 95% CI 3·35-24·40; p<0·0001 for cardiac mortality; 2·55, 1·65-3·92; p<0·0001 for all-cause mortality). This cutoff was confirmed in the validation cohort (HR 5·62, 95% CI 2·90-10·88; p<0·0001 for cardiac mortality; 3·69, 2·26-6·02; p<0·0001 for all-cause mortality). Perivascular FAI improved risk discrimination in both cohorts, leading to significant reclassification for all-cause and cardiac mortality. INTERPRETATION The perivascular FAI enhances cardiac risk prediction and restratification over and above current state-of-the-art assessment in coronary CTA by providing a quantitative measure of coronary inflammation. High perivascular FAI values (cutoff ≥-70·1 HU) are an indicator of increased cardiac mortality and, therefore, could guide early targeted primary prevention and intensive secondary prevention in patients. FUNDING British Heart Foundation, and the National Institute of Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre.
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Alashi A, Lang R, Seballos R, Feinleib S, Sukol R, Cho L, Schoenhagen P, Griffin BP, Flamm SD, Desai MY. P622Reclassification of 10-year coronary heart disease risk in a primary prevention setting: traditional risk factor assessment vs. coronary artery calcium scoring. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy564.p622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Shaw LJ, Blankstein R, Jacobs JE, Leipsic JA, Kwong RY, Taqueti VR, Beanlands RSB, Mieres JH, Flamm SD, Gerber TC, Spertus J, Di Carli MF. Defining Quality in Cardiovascular Imaging: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 10:e000017. [PMID: 29242239 PMCID: PMC5926771 DOI: 10.1161/hci.0000000000000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the current statement are to refine the definition of quality in cardiovascular imaging and to propose novel methodological approaches to inform the demonstration of quality in imaging in future clinical trials and registries. We propose defining quality in cardiovascular imaging using an analytical framework put forth by the Institute of Medicine whereby quality was defined as testing being safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, equitable, and efficient. The implications of each of these components of quality health care are as essential for cardiovascular imaging as they are for other areas within health care. Our proposed statement may serve as the foundation for integrating these quality indicators into establishing designations of quality laboratory practices and developing standards for value-based payment reform for imaging services. We also include recommendations for future clinical research to fulfill quality aims within cardiovascular imaging, including clinical hypotheses of improving patient outcomes, the importance of health status as an end point, and deferred testing options. Future research should evolve to define novel methods optimized for the role of cardiovascular imaging for detecting disease and guiding treatment and to demonstrate the role of cardiovascular imaging in facilitating healthcare quality.
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Kusunose K, Obuchowski NA, Gillinov M, Popovic ZB, Flamm SD, Griffin BP, Kwon DH. Predictors of Mortality in Patients With Severe Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Undergoing Surgical Mitral Valve Intervention. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.007163. [PMID: 29150492 PMCID: PMC5721789 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Ischemic mitral regurgitation is associated with substantial risk of death. Although surgical mitral valve intervention (MVi) may improve symptoms, it has not been shown to improve survival. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of mortality in patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation and MVi. Methods and Results We evaluated 117 consecutive patients (age, 65±10 years) with advanced ischemic cardiomyopathy who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance and subsequent MVi between January 1, 2002 and January 1, 2012. Cardiac magnetic resonance was used to assess left ventricular remodeling and myocardial scarring. The effective regurgitant orifice area was calculated from the proximal isovelocity surface area by echocardiography. There were 43 deaths (37%) during follow‐up (median, 62 months). On multivariable analysis, age ≥70 years (P=0.013), diabetes mellitus (P=0.001), dyslipidemia (P=0.012), papillary muscle scar (P=0.010), incomplete revascularization (P=0.001), and total scar %×effective regurgitant orifice area ≥0.20 cm2 (P=0.005) were each independently associated with all‐cause mortality. Although patients with effective regurgitant orifice area <0.2 cm2 at baseline demonstrated an increased hazard ratio of 3.3 for every 10% increase in scar, the hazard ratio increased to 9 for every 10% increase in scar in those with baseline effective regurgitant orifice area ≥0.20 cm2. Mortality also was significantly higher in patients with incomplete revascularization compared with those with vascularized viable myocardium (61% versus 28%; P<0.001). Conclusions Increased total scar burden and the presence of incomplete revascularization are powerful predictors of mortality in patients with advanced ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoing MVi. Viability assessment with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can identify which patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation are at highest risk for mortality after surgical MVi.
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Creagh C, Flamm SD, Madonia H, O'Keefe P, Ricaurte F, Triner J. Cleveland Clinic Imaging Institute's "Commitment to Respect" and Impact on Quality of Care and Patient Satisfaction. J Patient Exp 2017; 4:88-94. [PMID: 28959712 PMCID: PMC5593259 DOI: 10.1177/2374373517694532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleveland Clinic's Imaging Institute implemented a "Commitment to Respect" initiative and survey process in March 2013 with the goal of improving communication and teamwork among employees and, in turn, improving patient satisfaction. Since the rollout of this initiative, we have worked to increase acceptance of the process, improve the survey response, and more fully incorporate results into staff development. Now that we have 4 years of annual data for analysis, we can state based on feedback from caregivers that the process has had a positive effect on relationships between radiologists and frontline clinical staff. The survey identifies behaviors that individuals were not previously aware of, allowing staff members to make changes based on this feedback. Additionally, institute leaders are able to reinforce the respectful behaviors of those scoring well and support the efforts of those whose scores need improvement. Both scenarios are reinforced through the radiologist annual performance review process.
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Betancor J, Xu B, Kumar A, Tan CD, Rodriguez ER, Flamm SD, Asher CR, Klein AL. A Malignant Case of Constrictive Pericarditis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1:17-22. [PMID: 30062235 PMCID: PMC6034467 DOI: 10.1016/j.case.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kwong RY, Petersen SE, Schulz-Menger J, Arai AE, Bingham SE, Chen Y, Choi YL, Cury RC, Ferreira VM, Flamm SD, Steel K, Bandettini WP, Martin ET, Nallamshetty L, Neubauer S, Raman SV, Schelbert EB, Valeti US, Cao JJ, Reichek N, Young AA, Fexon L, Pivovarov M, Ferrari VA, Simonetti OP. The global cardiovascular magnetic resonance registry (GCMR) of the society for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (SCMR): its goals, rationale, data infrastructure, and current developments. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2017; 19:23. [PMID: 28187739 PMCID: PMC5303267 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-016-0321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With multifaceted imaging capabilities, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is playing a progressively increasing role in the management of various cardiac conditions. A global registry that harmonizes data from international centers, with participation policies that aim to be open and inclusive of all CMR programs, can support future evidence-based growth in CMR. METHODS The Global CMR Registry (GCMR) was established in 2013 under the auspices of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR). The GCMR team has developed a web-based data infrastructure, data use policy and participation agreement, data-harmonizing methods, and site-training tools based on results from an international survey of CMR programs. RESULTS At present, 17 CMR programs have established a legal agreement to participate in GCMR, amongst them 10 have contributed CMR data, totaling 62,456 studies. There is currently a predominance of CMR centers with more than 10 years of experience (65%), and the majority are located in the United States (63%). The most common clinical indications for CMR have included assessment of cardiomyopathy (21%), myocardial viability (16%), stress CMR perfusion for chest pain syndromes (16%), and evaluation of etiology of arrhythmias or planning of electrophysiological studies (15%) with assessment of cardiomyopathy representing the most rapidly growing indication in the past decade. Most CMR studies involved the use of gadolinium-based contrast media (95%). CONCLUSIONS We present the goals, mission and vision, infrastructure, preliminary results, and challenges of the GCMR. TRIAL REGISTRATION Identification number on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02806193 . Registered 17 June 2016.
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Cremer PC, Mentias A, Koneru S, Schoenhagen P, Majdalany D, Lorber R, Flamm SD, Hobbs RE, Pettersson G, Jaber WA. Risk stratification with exercise N(13)-ammonia PET in adults with anomalous right coronary arteries. Open Heart 2016; 3:e000490. [PMID: 27621834 PMCID: PMC5013488 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2016-000490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective In adults with an interarterial and intramural course of an anomalous right coronary artery from the left sinus (AAORCA), surgical unroofing is recommended in the setting of myocardial ischaemia. However, data regarding functional testing are limited, and the management of adults without ischaemia is unclear. To evaluate these patients, we employed an exercise N13-ammonia positron emission tomography (PET) protocol. We hypothesised that patients with typical angina and exertional dyspnoea would be more likely to have ischaemia and that patients without ischaemia could be managed conservatively. Methods Between July 2008 and December 2014, we retrospectively identified 27 consecutive patients >18 years old with an interarterial and intramural course of an AAORCA who had exercise N13-ammonia PET. Results The majority of patients had anatomic delineation with cardiac CT (25, 93%), and most patients had chest pain (24, 89%). Myocardial ischaemia with PET was common (13, 48%), and ischaemia was more likely in patients with typical angina and exertional dyspnoea (p<0.05). Surgery was performed in 12 patients including 11 patients with ischaemia. At a median follow-up of 245 days, there were no deaths in patients with surgery or in patients managed conservatively. Conclusions In patients with an interarterial and intramural course of an AAORCA, typical angina and exertional dyspnoea are associated with ischaemia on exercise N13-ammonia PET. Referral for surgical unroofing in symptomatic patients with ischaemia on exercise N13-ammonia PET and initial conservative management in patients without ischaemia seems appropriate, though larger studies with long-term follow-up are needed.
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Kwon DH, Kusunose K, Obuchowski NA, Cavalcante JL, Popovic ZB, Thomas JD, Desai MY, Flamm SD, Griffin BP. Predictors and Prognostic Impact of Progressive Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation in Patients With Advanced Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 9:CIRCIMAGING.115.004577. [DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.115.004577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background—
Ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) is associated with poor outcomes. It is unknown what factors contribute to progression of IMR and how progressive IMR affects outcomes. We sought to determine imaging predictors of IMR progression and to determine if progressive IMR is an independent predictor of survival in patients with advanced ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Methods and Results—
Consecutive advanced ischemic cardiomyopathy patients who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance and echocardiograms at baseline with echocardiographic follow-up were studied. Cardiac magnetic resonance was used to assess left ventricular volumes, infarct size, and mitral valve geometry. The effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA) was calculated from the proximal isovelocity surface area by echocardiography. Repeated measures mixed effects and Cox proportional hazards regression models were built to identify predictors of IMR progression and survival. We evaluated 336 patients (age, 62±11 years) over a median follow-up time of 54 months: 154 patients were subsequently revascularized, and 182 patients were medically treated. Ninety-eight patients (29%) demonstrated an increase in EROA values of ≥0.1 cm
2
. There were 87 adverse events (death or transplant). On multivariable analysis, infarct size (
P
<0.001), progression in IMR (
P
=0.008), age (
P
=0.003), and baseline EROA (
P
=0.010) were independently associated with adverse events. Independent predictors of IMR progression were as follows: baseline EROA (
P
<0.001), left ventricular end–systolic volume index (
P
=0.014), and total scar (
P
=0.036).
Conclusions—
IMR frequently increases in severity, and progression is independently associated with adverse left ventricular remodeling and infarct size, as assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance. Furthermore, IMR progression is a powerful independent predictor of adverse events, even after controlling for the severity of IMR at baseline.
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Jellis CL, Navia JL, Flamm SD, Rodriguez LL. Severe Functional Tricuspid Stenosis Secondary to a Giant Saphenous Vein Bypass Graft Aneurysm. Circulation 2016; 133:2099-102. [PMID: 27217436 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.014772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cremer PC, Tariq MU, Karwa A, Alraies MC, Benatti R, Schuster A, Agarwal S, Flamm SD, Kwon DH, Klein AL. Quantitative assessment of pericardial delayed hyperenhancement predicts clinical improvement in patients with constrictive pericarditis treated with anti-inflammatory therapy. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2015; 8:CIRCIMAGING.114.003125. [PMID: 25904576 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.114.003125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed hyperenhancement (DHE) of the pericardium usually represents ongoing inflammation and may identify patients with constrictive pericarditis that will improve with anti-inflammatory therapy. However, a quantitative assessment of pericardial DHE has not been performed, and the hierarchical relationship among clinical factors, inflammatory markers, and pericardial DHE is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We identified 41 consecutive patients with constrictive pericarditis who had a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study with DHE prior to the initiation of anti-inflammatory medications. Pericardial inflammation was quantified on short-axis DHE sequences by contouring the pericardium, selecting normal septal myocardium as a reference region, and then quantifying the pericardial signal that was >6 SD above the reference. Our primary outcome was clinical improvement with anti-inflammatory therapy. The mean age of our patients was 58 years, most patients were male (83%) with New York Heart Association Class II or III (59%) heart failure, and the median follow-up was 1 year. Chest pain, lower New York Heart Association class, higher Westergren sedimentation rates, and increased pericardial DHE were all significantly associated with clinical improvement (P<0.01 for all). When quantitative pericardial DHE was added to a model that included age, chest pain, New York Heart Association class, and Westergren sedimentation rates, the global χ(2) improved significantly (P=0.04 for DHE), and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.96. CONCLUSIONS In patients with constrictive pericarditis treated with anti-inflammatory therapy, a quantitative assessment of pericardial DHE can provide incremental information to predict clinical improvement when added to clinical factors and Westergren sedimentation rates.
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Bolen MA, Rajiah P, Kusunose K, Collier P, Klein A, Popović ZB, Flamm SD. Cardiac MR imaging in constrictive pericarditis: multiparametric assessment in patients with surgically proven constriction. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015; 31:859-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s10554-015-0616-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Mulrooney DA, Nunnery S, Armstrong GT, Ness KK, Srivastava K, Donovan FD, Kurt BA, Metzger ML, Krasin MJ, Joshi V, Durand JB, Robison LL, Hudson MM, Flamm SD. Coronary artery disease detected by coronary computed tomography angiography in adult survivors of childhood Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer 2014; 120:3536-44. [PMID: 25041978 PMCID: PMC4221540 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) have significant cardiovascular risk and require long-term surveillance. The current study assessed the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in adult survivors of childhood HL. METHODS Thirty-one survivors of HL, 13 of whom (42%) were treated with radiotherapy (RT) only and 18 of whom (58%) were treated with multimodal therapy, underwent CCTA, echocardiography, electrocardiography (ECG), and treadmill stress testing. Obstructive CAD was defined as ≥50% occlusion of the left main or ≥70% occlusion of the left anterior descending, left circumflex, or right coronary arteries on CCTA. Echocardiograms with resting wall motion abnormalities or an ejection fraction <50%; ECGs with Q waves, ST abnormalities without Q waves, or T-wave abnormalities without Q waves; and a J-point depression of ≥1 mm with a horizontal or downsloping ST segment on stress testing were considered abnormal. RESULTS The prevalence of disease in participants (median age, 40 years [range, 26 years-55 years]; median time from cancer diagnosis, 24 years [range, 17 years-39 years]) was 39%, with 39 plaques detected among 12 survivors. Three participants (10%) treated with RT only had 4 obstructive lesions; 9 patients (29%; 5 of whom were treated with RT only and 4 of whom were treated with multimodal therapy) had nonobstructive lesions. Approximately 15% of lesions involved the left main, 21% involved the proximal left anterior descending, 18% involved the proximal right coronary, and 13% involved the proximal left circumflex arteries. Of the 12 participants found to have CAD by CCTA, 7 had a positive ECG, 1 had a positive echocardiogram, and 1 had a positive stress test. CONCLUSIONS CCTA identified CAD in a substantial percentage of survivors of HL and may be an effective screening modality for this population.
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Plana JC, Galderisi M, Barac A, Ewer MS, Ky B, Scherrer-Crosbie M, Ganame J, Sebag IA, Agler DA, Badano LP, Banchs J, Cardinale D, Carver J, Cerqueira M, DeCara JM, Edvardsen T, Flamm SD, Force T, Griffin BP, Jerusalem G, Liu JE, Magalhães A, Marwick T, Sanchez LY, Sicari R, Villarraga HR, Lancellotti P. Expert consensus for multimodality imaging evaluation of adult patients during and after cancer therapy: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2014; 15:1063-93. [PMID: 25239940 PMCID: PMC4402366 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeu192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 628] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Elgharably H, Kursbaum A, Flamm SD, Navia JL. Mediastinal mass presented 36 years after coronary bypass grafting: is vein graft pseudoaneurysm a differential diagnosis? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 48:166-8. [PMID: 25256826 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezu342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Saphenous vein graft aneurysm is a relatively rare but serious complication of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The diagnosis of such cases is clinically challenging and requires a high index of suspicion, especially if presented atypically or very late after CABG. Herein, we report a case of a saphenous vein graft pseudoaneurysm that presented 36 years after CABG and was masquerading as a right atrial myxoma on serial echocardiograms over a 2-year follow-up period.
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Plana JC, Galderisi M, Barac A, Ewer MS, Ky B, Scherrer-Crosbie M, Ganame J, Sebag IA, Agler DA, Badano LP, Banchs J, Cardinale D, Carver J, Cerqueira M, DeCara JM, Edvardsen T, Flamm SD, Force T, Griffin BP, Jerusalem G, Liu JE, Magalhães A, Marwick T, Sanchez LY, Sicari R, Villarraga HR, Lancellotti P. Expert consensus for multimodality imaging evaluation of adult patients during and after cancer therapy: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2014; 27:911-39. [PMID: 25172399 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 864] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kwon DH, Asamoto L, Popovic ZB, Kusunose K, Robinson M, Desai M, Marwick TH, Flamm SD. Infarct characterization and quantification by delayed enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is a powerful independent and incremental predictor of mortality in patients with advanced ischemic cardiomyopathy. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2014; 7:796-804. [PMID: 25085923 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.114.002077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infarct heterogeneity has been shown to be independently associated with adverse outcomes in previous smaller studies. However, it is unknown whether infarct characterization is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in patients with advanced ischemic cardiomyopathy, after adjusting for clinical risk factors, severity of ischemic mitral regurgitation, incomplete revascularization, and device therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 362 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (left ventricular dysfunction with >70% stenosis in ≥1 epicardial coronary artery) underwent delayed hyperenhancement-magnetic resonance imaging and coronary angiography between 2002 and 2006. Total myocardial scar and peri-infarct (PI) area were measured using various threshold techniques. Multivariate survival analysis (primary end point of all-cause mortality) was conducted. One hundred fifty-seven deaths occurred during a mean 5.4-year follow-up (mean left ventricular ejection fraction, 23±9%; mean end-systolic volume index, 113±48 mL; mean total myocardial scar %, 25.5±16.0%; mean PI%, 5.7±2.9%). PI% (β=2.07; P<0.001) was an independent predictor of survival, independent of age, end-systolic volume, sex, mitral regurgitation, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease severity, implantable cardioverter defibrillator, and incomplete revascularization. PI% using 2 to 3 SD technique yielded the highest incremental prognostic power (χ(2) score 149). CONCLUSIONS In advanced ischemic cardiomyopathy, PI% is a powerful independent and incremental predictor of all-cause mortality. Infarct heterogeneity offers substantial further risk stratification when compared with quantification of total myocardial scar % alone even after adjusting for clinical risk factors, end-systolic volume index, mitral regurgitation, incomplete revascularization, and implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation.
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Flamm SD. Re: “Reporting Scan Time Reduces Cardiac MR Examination Duration”. J Am Coll Radiol 2014; 11:836. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Oliva IB, Davarpanah AH, Rybicki FJ, Desjardins B, Flamm SD, Francois CJ, Gerhard-Herman MD, Kalva SP, Mansour MA, Mohler ER, Schenker MP, Weiss C, Dill KE. Erratum to: ACR appropriateness criteria(®) imaging of mesenteric ischemia. ABDOMINAL IMAGING 2014; 39:937-939. [PMID: 24934476 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-014-0179-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Chatterjee S, Flamm SD, Tan CD, Rodriguez ER. Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Large Vessel Vasculitis: Takayasu Arteritis. Curr Cardiol Rep 2014; 16:499. [DOI: 10.1007/s11886-014-0499-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging plays an important role in evaluation of various aspects of myocardial infarction (MI). MR imaging is useful in establishing the diagnosis of acute MI, particularly in patients who present with symptoms of MI but outside the diagnostic time frame of altered cardiac enzyme levels or with clinical features of acute MI but without an angiographic culprit lesion. MR imaging is valuable in establishing a diagnosis of chronic MI and distinguishing this condition from nonischemic cardiomyopathies, mainly through use of delayed-enhancement patterns. MR imaging also provides clinicians with several prognostic indicators that enable risk stratification, such as scar burden, microvascular obstruction, hemorrhage, and peri-infarct ischemia. The extent and transmurality of scar burden have been shown to have independent and incremental prognostic power over a range of left ventricular function. The extent of scarring at MR imaging is an important predictor of successful outcome after revascularization procedures, and extensive scarring in the lateral wall indicates poor outcome after cardiac resynchronization therapy. Scar size at MR imaging is also a useful surrogate end point in clinical trials. Finally, MR imaging can be used to detect complications of MI, such as aneurysms, pericarditis, ventricular septal defect, thrombus, and mitral regurgitation. Supplemental material available at http://radiographics.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/rg.335125722/-/DC1.
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Goenka AH, Wang H, Flamm SD. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for the investigation of cardiovascular disorders. Part 2: emerging applications. Tex Heart Inst J 2014; 41:135-43. [PMID: 24808772 PMCID: PMC4004500 DOI: 10.14503/thij-14-4172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging has emerged as a robust noninvasive technique for the investigation of cardiovascular disorders. The coming-of-age of cardiac magnetic resonance-and especially its widening span of applications-has generated both excitement and uncertainty in regard to its potential clinical use and its role vis-à-vis conventional imaging techniques. The purpose of this evidence-based review is to discuss some of these issues by highlighting the current (Part 1, previously published) and emerging (Part 2) applications of cardiac magnetic resonance. Familiarity with the versatile uses of cardiac magnetic resonance will facilitate its wider clinical acceptance for improving the management of patients with cardiovascular disorders.
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Goenka AH, Flamm SD. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for the investigation of cardiovascular disorders. Part 1: current applications. Tex Heart Inst J 2014; 41:7-20. [PMID: 24512394 PMCID: PMC3967467 DOI: 10.14503/thij-13-3920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is a robust noninvasive technique for investigating cardiovascular disorders. The evolution of cardiac magnetic resonance and its widening span of diagnostic and prognostic applications have generated excitement as well as uncertainty regarding its potential clinical use and its role vis-à-vis conventional imaging techniques. The purpose of this evidence-based review is to discuss some of these issues by highlighting the current (Part 1) and emerging (Part 2) applications of cardiac magnetic resonance. Familiarity with the versatility and usefulness of cardiac magnetic resonance will facilitate its wider clinical acceptance for improving the management of cardiovascular disorders.
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Thavendiranathan P, Wintersperger BJ, Flamm SD, Marwick TH. Cardiac MRI in the assessment of cardiac injury and toxicity from cancer chemotherapy: a systematic review. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2014; 6:1080-91. [PMID: 24254478 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.113.000899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Aljaroudi WA, Flamm SD, Saliba W, Wilkoff BL, Kwon D. Role of CMR imaging in risk stratification for sudden cardiac death. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2013; 6:392-406. [PMID: 23473115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular ejection fraction as determined by echocardiography has a limited sensitivity in predicting risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD). Subsequent efforts to improve cost-effectiveness of device implantation and identify a better risk-stratifying tool have been quite desirable. The presence of scar and myocardial tissue heterogeneity has been linked to ventricular arrhythmia, which is believed to be the major cause of SCD. Cardiac magnetic resonance is a noninvasive imaging modality that visualizes and quantifies scar, with growing evidence delineating its additive value in identifying patients at higher risk for SCD.
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MESH Headings
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/pathology
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/therapy
- Cardiomyopathies/complications
- Cardiomyopathies/diagnosis
- Cardiomyopathies/pathology
- Cardiomyopathies/physiopathology
- Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology
- Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control
- Defibrillators, Implantable
- Electric Countershock/instrumentation
- Humans
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Myocardium/pathology
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Prognosis
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Factors
- Stroke Volume
- Ventricular Function, Left
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