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Kumar A, Raorane CJ, Rawat D, Prajapati P, Raj R, Kumar D, Kim SC, Raj V, Kushwaha S. Atenolol Ameliorates Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Oxidative Stress Induced by Cast Immobilization in Rats. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1269. [PMID: 37238940 PMCID: PMC10215752 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Skeletal muscle atrophy is a common and debilitating condition associated with disease, bed rest, and inactivity. We aimed to investigate the effect of atenolol (ATN) on cast immobilization (IM)-induced skeletal muscle loss. (2) Methods: Eighteen male albino Wistar rats were divided into three groups: a control group, an IM group (14 days), and an IM+ATN group (10 mg/kg, orally for 14 days). After the last dose of atenolol, forced swimming test, rotarod test, and footprint analysis were performed, and skeletal muscle loss was determined. Animals were then sacrificed. Serum and gastrocnemius (GN) muscles were then collected, serum creatinine, GN muscle antioxidant, and oxidative stress levels were determined, and histopathology and 1H NMR profiling of serum metabolites were performed. (3) Results: Atenolol significantly prevented immobilization-induced changes in creatinine, antioxidant, and oxidative stress levels. Furthermore, GN muscle histology results showed that atenolol significantly increased cross-sectional muscle area and Feret's diameter. Metabolomics profiling showed that glutamine-to-glucose ratio and pyruvate, succinate, valine, citrate, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, acetone, serine, and 3-hydroxybutyrate levels were significantly higher, that alanine and proline levels were significantly lower in the IM group than in the control group, and that atenolol administration suppressed these metabolite changes. (4) Conclusions: Atenolol reduced immobilization-induced skeletal muscle wasting and might protect against the deleterious effects of prolonged bed rest.
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Santhamoorthy M, Vanaraj R, Thirupathi K, Ulagesan S, Nam TJ, Phan TTV, Kim SC. L-Lysine-Modified pNIPAm-co-GMA Copolymer Hydrogel for pH- and Temperature-Responsive Drug Delivery and Fluorescence Imaging Applications. Gels 2023; 9:gels9050363. [PMID: 37232955 DOI: 10.3390/gels9050363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of dual-stimuli-responsive hydrogels attracts much research interest owing to its unique stimuli-responsive characteristics. In this study, a poly-N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-glycidyl methacrylate-based copolymer was synthesized by incorporating N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAm) and a glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) monomer. The synthesized copolymer, pNIPAm-co-GMA was further modified with L-lysine (Lys) functional units and further conjugated with fluorescent isothiocyanate (FITC) to produce a fluorescent copolymer pNIPAAm-co-GMA-Lys hydrogel (HG). The in vitro drug loading and dual pH- and temperature-stimuli-responsive drug release behavior of the pNIPAAm-co-GMA-Lys HG was investigated at different pH (pH 7.4, 6.2, and 4.0) and temperature (25 °C, 37 °C, and 45 °C) conditions, respectively, using curcumin (Cur) as a model anticancer drug. The Cur drug-loaded pNIPAAm-co-GMA-Lys/Cur HG showed a relatively slow drug release behavior at a physiological pH (pH 7.4) and low temperature (25 °C) condition, whereas enhanced drug release was achieved at acidic pH (pH 6.2 and 4.0) and higher temperature (37 °C and 45 °C) conditions. Furthermore, the in vitro biocompatibility and intracellular fluorescence imaging were examined using the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Therefore, we demonstrate that the synthesized pNIPAAm-co-GMA-Lys HG system with temperature- and pH-stimuli-responsive features could be promising for various applications in biomedical fields, including drug delivery, gene delivery, tissue engineering, diagnosis, antibacterial/antifouling material, and implantable devices.
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Rajamohan R, Raorane CJ, Kim SC, Krishnan MM, Lee YR. Supramolecular β-Cyclodextrin-Quercetin Based Metal-Organic Frameworks as an Efficient Antibiofilm and Antifungal Agent. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093667. [PMID: 37175077 PMCID: PMC10179912 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The loading of drugs or medicinally active compounds has recently been performed using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which are thought to be a new type of porous material in which organic ligands and metal ions can self-assemble to form a network structure. The quercetin (QRC) loading and biofilm application on a cyclodextrin-based metal-organic framework via a solvent diffusion approach is successfully accomplished in the current study. The antibacterial plant flavonoid QRC is loaded onto β-CD-K MOFs to create the composite containing inclusion complexes (ICs) and denoted as QRC:β-CD-K MOFs. The shifting in the chemical shift values of QRC in the MOFs may be the reason for the interaction of QRC with the β-CD-K MOFs. The binding energies and relative contents of MOFs are considerably changed after the formation of QRC:β-CD-K MOFs, suggesting that the interactions took place during the loading of QRC. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) showed a reduction in the formation of biofilm. The results of the cell aggregation and hyphal growth are consistent with the antibiofilm activity that is found in the treatment group. Therefore, QRC:β-CD-K MOFs had no effect on the growth of planktonic cells while inhibiting the development of hyphae and biofilm in C. albicans DAY185. This study creates new opportunities for supramolecular β-CD-based MOF development for use in biological research and pharmaceutical production.
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Venkatesan R, Alagumalai K, Kim SC. Preparation and Antimicrobial Characterization of Poly(butylene adipate- co-terephthalate)/Kaolin Clay Biocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071710. [PMID: 37050324 PMCID: PMC10097211 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The biodegradable polymer poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) starts decomposing at room temperature. Kaolin clay (KO) was dispersed and blended into PBAT composites using a solution-casting method. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to evaluate the structure and morphology of the composite materials. PBAT/kaolin clay composites were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The PBAT composite loaded with 5.0 wt% kaolin clay shows the best characteristics. The biocomposites of PBAT/kaolin [PBC-5.0 (37.6MPa)] have a good tensile strength when compared to virgin PBAT (18.3MPa). The oxygen transmission rate (OTR), with ranges from 1080.2 to 311.7 (cc/m2/day), leads the KO content. By including 5.0 wt% kaolin 43.5 (g/m2/day), the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the PBAT/kaolin composites was decreased. The pure PBAT must have a WVTR of 152.4 (g/m2/day). Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (E. coli) food-borne bacteria are significantly more resistant to the antimicrobial property of composites. The results show that PBAT/kaolin composites have great potential as food packaging materials due to their ability to decrease the growth of bacteria and improve the shelf life of packaged foods.
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Periyasamy T, Asrafali SP, Kim SC. Heteroatom-Enhanced Porous Carbon Materials Based on Polybenzoxazine for Supercapacitor Electrodes and CO 2 Capture. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061564. [PMID: 36987344 PMCID: PMC10051936 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Through a solution method utilizing benzoxazine chemistry, heteroatoms containing porous carbons (HCPCs) were synthesized from melamine, eugenol and formaldehyde, followed by carbonization in a nitrogen atmosphere and chemical activation with KOH at three different activation temperatures, 700, 800 and 900 °C. The introduction of melamine and eugenol to the monomer produced structurally bonded nitrogen and oxygen in porous carbons. Changing the calcination temperature can alter the doping level of heteroatoms and the particle size. These carbon materials exhibit large pore size distributions, tunable pore structure, high nitrogen and oxygen contents and high surface areas, which make them suitable for use as electrode materials in supercapacitors. As a result of activating at 800 °C, the sample HCPC-800 exhibits a high specific surface area of 984 m2/g, high oxygen and nitrogen content (3.64-6.26 wt.% and 10.61-13.65 wt.%), hierarchical pore structure, high degree of graphitization and good electrical conductivity. An outstanding rate capability is also demonstrated, as well as incredible longevity, retaining the capacitance up to 83% even after 5000 cycles in a solution containing 1 M H2SO4. Moreover, the activated porous carbon containing nitrogen exhibits a CO2 adsorption capacity of 3.6 and 3.5 mmol/g at 25 °C and 0 °C, respectively, which corresponds to equilibrium pressures of 1 bar.
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Raorane CJ, Periyasamy T, Haldhar R, Asrafali SP, Raj V, Kim SC. Synthesis of Bio-Based Polybenzoxazine and Its Antibiofilm and Anticorrosive Activities. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2249. [PMID: 36984131 PMCID: PMC10054769 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans are highly widespread pathogenic fungi in humans. Moreover, its developed biofilm causes serious clinical problems, leading to drug failure caused by its inherent drug tolerance. Hence, the inhibition of biofilm formation and virulence characteristics provide other means of addressing infections. Polymer composites (PCs) derived from natural products have attracted increasing interest in the scientific community, including antimicrobial applications. PCs are a good alternative approach to solving this challenge because of their excellent penetration power inside biofilms. The main objectives of this study were to synthesize a novel curcumin-based polybenzoxazine polymer composite (poly(Cu-A) PC) using Mannich condensation reaction and evaluate their potency as an antibiofilm and anticorrosive candidate against C. albicans. In addition, their anticorrosive efficacy was also explored. PC exhibited significant antibiofilm efficacy versus C. albicans DAY185 by the morphologic changing of yeast to hyphae, and>90% anticorrosive efficacy was observed at a higher dose of PC. These prepared PC were safe in vivo against Caenorhabditis elegans and Raphanus raphanistrum. The study shows that a polybenzoxazine polymer composite has the potential for controlling biofilm-associated fungal infections and virulence by C. albicans, and opens a new avenue for designing PCs as antifungal, anticorrosive agents for biofilm-associated fungal infections and industrial remediation.
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Mehdaoui I, Haldhar R, Arrousse N, Al-Zaqri N, Hassani ES, Hajjaji FE, Taleb M, Rais Z, Kim SC. Correction: Surface treatment and corrosion protection of mild steel by the oily extracts of olive mill waste cake. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-023-01869-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Thirupathi K, Santhamoorthy M, Radhakrishnan S, Ulagesan S, Nam TJ, Phan TTV, Kim SC. Thermosensitive Polymer-Modified Mesoporous Silica for pH and Temperature-Responsive Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030795. [PMID: 36986656 PMCID: PMC10051764 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A mesoporous silica-based drug delivery system (MS@PNIPAm-PAAm NPs) was synthesized by conjugating the PNIPAm-PAAm copolymer onto the mesoporous silica (MS) surface as a gatekeeper that responds to temperature and pH changes. The drug delivery studies are carried out in vitro at different pH (7.4, 6.5, and 5.0) and temperatures (such as 25 °C and 42 °C, respectively). The surface conjugated copolymer (PNIPAm-PAAm) acts as a gatekeeper below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) (<32 °C) and as a collapsed globule structure above LCST (>32 °C), resulting in controlled drug delivery from the MS@PNIPAm-PAAm system. Furthermore, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and cellular internalization results support the prepared MS@PNIPAm-PAAm NPs being biocompatible and readily taken up by MDA-MB-231 cells. The prepared MS@PNIPAm-PAAm NPs, with their pH-responsive drug release behavior and good biocompatibility, could be used as a drug delivery vehicle where sustained drug release at higher temperatures is required.
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Rajamohan R, Raorane CJ, Kim SC, Ashokkumar S, Lee YR. Novel Microwave Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and Appraisal of the Antibacterial Application. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:456. [PMID: 36838156 PMCID: PMC9960782 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The exceptional characteristics of bio-synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs), including high surface-to-volume ratio and high-profit strength, are of tremendous interest. CuO NPs have cytotoxic, catalytic, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. Fruit peel extract has been recommended as a valuable alternative method due to the advantages of economic prospects, environment-friendliness, improved biocompatibility, and high biological activities, such as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, as many physical and chemical methods have been applied to synthesize metal oxide NPs. In the presence of apple peel extract and microwave (MW) irradiation, CuO NPs are produced from the precursor CuCl2. 2H2O. With the help of TEM analysis, and BET surface area, the average sizes of the obtained NPs are found to be 25-40 nm. For use in antimicrobial applications, CuO NPs are appropriate. Disk diffusion tests were used to study the bactericidal impact in relation to the diameter of the inhibition zone, and an intriguing antibacterial activity was confirmed on both the Gram-positive bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacterial pathogen Escherichia coli. Moreover, CuO NPs did not have any toxic effect on seed germination. Thus, this study provides an environmentally friendly material and provides a variety of advantages for biomedical applications and environmental applications.
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Palanisamy S, Alagumalai K, Chiesa M, Kim SC. Rational design of Nd 2O 3 decorated functionalized carbon nanofiber composite for selective electrochemical detection of carbendazim fungicides in vegetables, water, and soil samples. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 219:115140. [PMID: 36565846 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Abuse of carbendazim (CBZ) leaves excessive pesticide residues on agricultural products, which endangers human health because of the residues' high concentrations. Hence, a composite consisting of functionalized carbon nanofibers (f-CNF) with neodymium oxide (Nd2O3) was fabricated to monitor CBZ at trace levels. The Nd2O3/f-CNF composite-modified electrode displays higher electro-oxidation ability towards CBZ than Nd2O3 and f-CNF-modified electrodes. The combined unique properties of Nd2O3 and f-CNF result in a substantial specific surface area, superior structural stability, and excellent electrocatalytic activity of the composite yielding enhanced sensitivity to detecting CBZ with a detection limit of 4.3 nM. Also, the fabricated sensor electrode can detect CBZ in the linear concentration range of up to 243.0 μM with high selectivity, appropriate reproducibility, and stability. A demonstration of the sensing capability of CBZ in vegetables, water, and soil samples was reported paving the way for its use in practical applications.
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Venkatesan R, Alagumalai K, Kim SC. Preparation and Performance of Biodegradable Poly(butylene adipate- co-terephthalate) Composites Reinforced with Novel AgSnO 2 Microparticles for Application in Food Packaging. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030554. [PMID: 36771855 PMCID: PMC9921653 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable composites with antimicrobial properties were prepared with microparticles of silver stannate (AgSnO2) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and tested for applications in food packaging. The PBAT matrix was synthesized and confirmed by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Ultrasonic and coprecipitation methods were used to synthesize AgSnO2. A two-step mixing method and a solvent cast technique were utilized to fabricate the PBAT composites (different weight % of AgSnO2) for packaging foods. Attenuated total reflection-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XRD, and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the formation, structure, and size of the composites. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal calorimetry were used to examine the PBAT/AgSnO2 composites. The best characteristics are exhibited in 5.0 wt. % AgSnO2 loaded PBAT composite. The tensile strength, elongation at break, water vapor transmission rate, and oxygen transmission rate were 22.82 MPa, 237.00%, 125.20 g/m2/day, and 1104.62 cc/m2/day.atm, respectively. Incorporating AgSnO2 enhanced the hydrophobicity of the PBAT materials as evaluated by the water contact angle. The 5.0 wt. % AgSnO2/PBAT film shows a favorable zone of inhibition against the bacteria pathogens S. aureus and E. coli, according to an evaluation of its antimicrobial activity. The weight loss of 5% AgSnO2/PBAT film was 78.4% after eight weeks in the natural soil environments. In addition, the results of food quality studies recommend that AgSnO2/PBAT (5.0 wt. %) film had a longer food shelf life than the neat PBAT and commercial, increasing it from one to 14 days for carrot vegetables.
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Thirupathi K, Raorane CJ, Ramkumar V, Ulagesan S, Santhamoorthy M, Raj V, Krishnakumar GS, Phan TTV, Kim SC. Update on Chitosan-Based Hydrogels: Preparation, Characterization, and Its Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Applications. Gels 2022; 9:35. [PMID: 36661802 PMCID: PMC9858335 DOI: 10.3390/gels9010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a prominent biopolymer in research for of its physicochemical properties and uses. Each year, the number of publications based on chitosan and its derivatives increases. Because of its comprehensive biological properties, including antibacterial, antioxidant, and tissue regeneration activities, chitosan and its derivatives can be used to prevent and treat soft tissue diseases. Furthermore, chitosan can be employed as a nanocarrier for therapeutic drug delivery. In this review, we will first discuss chitosan and chitosan-based hydrogel polymers. The structure, functionality, and physicochemical characteristics of chitosan-based hydrogels are addressed. Second, a variety of characterization approaches were used to analyze and validate the physicochemical characteristics of chitosan-based hydrogel materials. Finally, we discuss the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antifungal uses of supramolecular chitosan-based hydrogels. This review study can be used as a base for future research into the production of various types of chitosan-based hydrogels in the antibacterial and antifungal fields.
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Thirupathi K, Phan TTV, Santhamoorthy M, Ramkumar V, Kim SC. pH and Thermoresponsive PNIPAm-co-Polyacrylamide Hydrogel for Dual Stimuli-Responsive Controlled Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:167. [PMID: 36616517 PMCID: PMC9823768 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic delivery system with dual stimuli-responsiveness has attracted attention for drug delivery to target sites. In this study, we used free radical polymerization to develop a temperature and pH-responsive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)-co-poly(acrylamide) (PNIPAM-co-PAAm). PNIPAm-co-PAAm copolymer by reacting with N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAm) and acrylamide (Am) monomers. In addition, the synthesized melamine-glutaraldehyde (Mela-Glu) precursor was used as a cross-linker in the production of the melamine cross-linked PNIPAm-co-PAAm copolymer hydrogel (PNIPAm-co-PAAm-Mela HG) system. The temperature-responsive phase transition characteristics of the resulting PNIPAM-co-PAAm-Mela HG systems were determined. Furthermore, the pH-responsive drug release efficiency of curcumin was investigated under various pH and temperature circumstances. Under the combined pH and temperature stimuli (pH 5.0/45 °C), the PNIPAm-co-PAAm-Mela HG demonstrated substantial drug loading (74%), and nearly complete release of the loaded drug was accomplished in 8 h. Furthermore, the cytocompatibility of the PNIPAm-co-PAAm-Mela HG was evaluated on a human liver cancer cell line (HepG2), and the findings demonstrated that the prepared PNIPAm-co-PAAm-Mela HG is biocompatible. As a result, the PNIPAm-co-PAAm-Mela HG system might be used for both pH and temperature-stimuli-responsive drug delivery.
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Rajamohan R, Raorane CJ, Kim SC, Lee YR. One Pot Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles for Efficient Antibacterial Activity. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:217. [PMID: 36614555 PMCID: PMC9822411 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The unique semiconductor and optical properties of copper oxides have attracted researchers for decades. However, using fruit waste materials such as peels to synthesize the nanoparticles of copper oxide (CuO NPs) has been rarely described in literature reviews. The main purpose of this part of the research was to report on the CuO NPs with the help of apple peel extract under microwave irradiation. Metal salts and extracts were irradiated at 540 W for 5 min in a microwave in a 1:2 ratio. The crystallinity of the NPs was confirmed by the XRD patterns and the crystallite size of the NPs was found to be 41.6 nm. Elemental mapping of NPs showed homogeneous distributions of Cu and O. The NPs were found to contain Cu and O by EDX and XPS analysis. In a test involving two human pathogenic microbes, NPs showed antibacterial activity and the results revealed that the zone of inhibition grew significantly with respect to the concentration of CuO NPs. In a biofilm, more specifically, NPs at 25.0 µg/mL reduced mean thickness and biomass values of S. aureus and E. coli biofilms by >85.0 and 65.0%, respectively, with respect to untreated controls. In addition, environmentally benign materials offer a number of benefits for pharmaceuticals and other biomedical applications as they are eco-friendly and compatible.
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Venkatesan R, Alagumalai K, Raorane CJ, Raj V, Shastri D, Kim SC. Morphological, Mechanical, and Antimicrobial Properties of PBAT/Poly(methyl methacrylate- co-maleic anhydride)-SiO 2 Composite Films for Food Packaging Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010101. [PMID: 36616451 PMCID: PMC9823967 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A poly(methyl methacrylate-co-maleic anhydride) P(MMA-co-MA) copolymer was synthesized via radical polymerization. The synthesized P(MMA-co-MA) copolymer was identified by 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), (13C-NMR), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/P(MMA-co-MA)-SiO2 composites were developed using a solution-casting method. The PBAT to P(MMA-co-MA) weight ratio was kept at 70:30, while the weight percentage of SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) was varied from 0.0 to 5.0 wt.%. SiO2 was used for PBAT/P(MMA-co-MA) to solve the compatibility between PBAT and the P(MMA-co-MA) matrix. The PBAT/P(MMA-co-MA)-SiO2 composites were characterized by studied FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, and TEM. A comparison of the composite film PBAT/P(MMA-co-MA)-SiO2 (PBMS-3) with the virgin PBAT and P(MMA-co-MA) film revealed its good tensile strength (19.81 MPa). The WVTR and OTR for the PBAT/P(MMA-co-MA)-SiO2 composites were much smaller than for PBAT/P(MMA-co-MA). The PBAT/P(MMA-co-MA)-SiO2 WVTR and OTR values of the composites were 318.9 ± 2.0 (cc m-2 per 24 h) and 26.3 ± 2.5 (g m-2 per 24 h). The hydrophobicity of the PBAT/P(MMA-co-MA) blend and PBAT/P(MMA-co-MA)-SiO2 composites was strengthened by the introduction of SiO2, as measured by the water contact angle. The PBAT/P(MMA-co-MA)-SiO2 composite films showed excellent antimicrobial activity against the food-pathogenic bacteria E. coli and S. aureus from the area of inhibition. Overall, the improved packaging characteristics, such as flexibility, tensile strength, low O2 and H2O transmission rate, and good antimicrobial activities, give the PBAT/P(MMA-co-MA)-SiO2 composite film potential for use in food packaging applications.
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Haldhar R, Jayprakash Raorane C, Mishra V, Periyasamy T, Berisha A, Kim SC. Development of different chain lengths ionic liquids as green corrosion inhibitors for oil and gas industries: Experimental and theoretical investigations. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Fernine Y, Arrousse N, Haldhar R, Raorane CJ, Kim SC, Hajjaji FE, Touhami ME, Beniken M, Haboubi K, Taleb M. Synthesis and characterization of phenolphthalein derivatives, detailed theoretical DFT computation/molecular simulation, and prevention of AA2024-T3 corrosion in medium 3.5% NaCl. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kim J, Kim SC, Kang D, Yon DK, Kim JG. Classification of Alzheimer's disease stage using machine learning for left and right oxygenation difference signals in the prefrontal cortex: a patient-level, single-group, diagnostic interventional trial. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2022; 26:7734-7741. [PMID: 36394721 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202211_30122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent evidence shows that indicators testing conventional olfactory function have a high degree of similarity to cognitive function tests and the potential to diagnose early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, the efficacy of functional near-infrared spectroscopy time-series data obtained through olfactory stimulation was investigated as an early diagnostic tool for mild cognitive impairment in AD using random forest, a machine learning algorithm. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a patient-level, single-group, diagnostic interventional trial using near-infrared signals measured during olfactory stimulation in the prefrontal cortex of 178 older adults ranging from normal to participants with AD as markers to discriminate AD stages. We first divided the participants into normal older adults, AD mild cognitive impairment, and AD groups using dementia diagnostic criteria such as the Mini-Mental State Examination and Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery. We compared the left and right oxygenation difference by calculating the relative oxygenation difference from the change in relative oxygen concentration. RESULTS A total of 168 participants met the eligibility criteria: 70 (41.6%) had normal cognitive function; 42 (25%) mild cognitive impairment; 21 (12.5%) mild AD; and 35 (20.8%) moderate AD. A random forest machine learning model was developed to predict the AD stage, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 90.7% for mild cognitive impairment and AD, 90.99% for mild cognitive impairment, and 93.34% for AD only. CONCLUSIONS Based on the classification of the oxygenation difference index of the left and right prefrontal cortices during olfactory stimulation through machine learning, we found that it was possible to detect early-stage mild cognitive impairment in AD. Our results highlight the potential for early AD diagnosis using near-infrared signals from the prefrontal cortex obtained upon olfactory stimulation. Moreover, the results showed high similarity to the existing cognitive function tests and high accuracy in AD stage classification.
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Venkatesan R, Sekar S, Raorane CJ, Raj V, Kim SC. Hydrophilic Composites of Chitosan with Almond Gum: Characterization and Mechanical, and Antimicrobial Activity for Compostable Food Packaging. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11111502. [PMID: 36358158 PMCID: PMC9687004 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To enhance the characteristics of the biocomposite film, solution cast was used to incorporate almond gum at different concentrations (10.0, 30.0, and 50.0%). The functional groups and morphology were determined using FTIR and SEM. The thermal property of chitosan and its composites materials were determined via TGA. In this study, the incorporation of almond gum into the chitosan matrix resulted in good mechanical strength, film thickness, and low barrier and solubility characteristics. Water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of the composites films was also investigated. The WVTR and OTR values for the chitosan/almond gum (CSA) composite film values are 11.6 ± 1.62 (g/m2/day) and 32.9 ± 1.95 (cc/m2/24 h), respectively. The obtained composites show significantly improved antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. aureus) food-borne pathogenic bacteria. The results suggest that the CSA composites may serve as a promising candidate for antimicrobial food packaging materials. After an observation of the test results, it is inferred that the CSA composites bear good mechanical and antimicrobial activity and also show enhanced morphological characteristics.
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Santhamoorthy M, Vy Phan TT, Ramkumar V, Raorane CJ, Thirupathi K, Kim SC. Thermo-Sensitive Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-polyacrylamide) Hydrogel for pH-Responsive Therapeutic Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194128. [PMID: 36236077 PMCID: PMC9572693 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-response polymeric nanoparticles have emerged as a carrier system for various types of therapeutic delivery. In this study, we prepared a dual pH- and thermo-sensitive copolymer hydrogel (HG) system (PNIPAm-co-PAAm HG), using N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAm) and acrylamide (AAm) as comonomers. The synthesized PNIPAm-co-PAAm HG was characterized using various instrumental characterizations. Moreover, the PNIPAm-co-PAAm HG's thermoresponsive phase transition behavior was investigated, and the results showed that the prepared HG responds to temperature changes. In vitro drug loading and release behavior of PNIPAm-co-PAAm HG was investigated using Curcumin (Cur) as the model cargo under different pH and temperature conditions. The PNIPAm-co-PAAm HG showed pH and temperature-responsive drug release behavior and demonstrated about 65% Cur loading efficiency. A nearly complete release of the loaded Cur occurred from the PNIPAm-co-PAAm HG over 4 h at pH 5.5 and 40 °C. The cytotoxicity study was performed on a liver cancer cell line (HepG2 cells), which revealed that the prepared PNIPAm-co-PAAm HG showed good biocompatibility, suggesting that it could be applied as a drug delivery carrier. Moreover, the in vitro cytocompatibility test (MTT assay) results revealed that the PNIPAm-co-PAAm HG is biocompatible. Therefore, the PNIPAm-co-PAAm HG has the potential to be useful in the delivery of drugs in solid tumor-targeted therapy.
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Dagdag O, Haldhar R, Kim SC, Safi ZS, Wazzan N, Mkadmh AM, Berisha A, Berdimurodov E, Jodeh S, Nwanna EE, Akpan ED, Ebenso EE. Synthesis, physicochemical properties, theoretical and electrochemical studies of tetraglycidyl methylenedianiline. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ragupathy S, Priyadharsan A, AlSalhi MS, Devanesan S, Guganathan L, Santhamoorthy M, Kim SC. Effect of doping and loading Parameters on photocatalytic degradation of brilliant green using Sn doped ZnO loaded CSAC. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:112833. [PMID: 35150712 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sn doped ZnO loaded cotton stalk activated carbon (Sn-ZnO/CSAC) was prepared by chemical precipitation method, and the products were characterized. The XRD resultants confirm that the presence of hexagonal wurtzite phase of the bare ZnO. Furthermore, particular particle size gradually decreases (21.49 nm) due to doping and loading. UV-Vis absorption intensity of doped/loaded sample was red-shifted and then PL intensity is reduced. The photocatalytic performances of bare, Sn-doped ZnO and Sn-ZnO/CSAC was estimated by photodegradation of brilliant green (BG) under sunlight. The photodegradation of BG dye in 120 min over Sn-doped ZnO/CSAC is nearly 96.52%, which is considerably improved than bare ZnO (72.60%), respectively.
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Ahn KS, Vinodh R, Pollet BG, Babu RS, Ramkumar V, Kim SC, Krishnakumar K, Kim HJ. A High-Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitor Consists of Binder Free Electrode Materials of Bimetallic Hydrogen Phosphate (MnCo(HPO4)) Hexagonal Tubes and Graphene ink. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fernine Y, Salim R, Arrousse N, Haldhar R, El Hajjaji F, Kim SC, Ebn Touhami M, Taleb M. Anti-corrosion performance of Ocimum basilicum seed extract as environmental friendly inhibitors for mild steel in HCl solution: Evaluations of electrochemical, EDX, DFT and Monte Carlo. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kim SC, Hanawa T, Manaka T, Tsuchiya H, Fujimoto S. Band structures of passive films on titanium in simulated bioliquids determined by photoelectrochemical response: principle governing the biocompatibility. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2022; 23:322-331. [PMID: 35557510 PMCID: PMC9090409 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2022.2066960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The band structures and band gap energies, E g, of passive films formed on titanium (Ti) in simulated bioliquids, Hanks' solution (Hanks) and saline, were evaluated. Ti was polarized at 0, -0.1, and -0.2 VAg/AgCl, E f, for 1 h. After polarization, the surfaces were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the photoelectrochemical responses were evaluated. The current change during photoirradiation was recorded as a photocurrent transient at each measuring potential, E m, and by changing the wavelength of the incident light. Passive films consisted of a very thin TiO2 layer containing small amounts of Ti2O3 and TiO, hydroxyl groups, and water. During polarization in Hanks, calcium and phosphate ions were incorporated or formed calcium phosphate but not in saline. Calcium phosphate and hydroxyl groups influenced the band structure. E g was graded in Hanks but constant in saline, independent of E f and E m. The passive film on Ti behaved as an n-type semiconductor containing two layers: an inner oxide layer with a large E g and an outer hydroxide layer with a small E g. In Hanks, E g was 3.3-3.4 eV in the inner oxide layer and 2.9 eV in the outer hydroxide layer. In saline, E g was 3.3 eV in the inner layer and 2.7 eV in the outer layer. Calcium phosphate and hydroxyl groups influenced the band structure of the passive film. The E g of the outermost surface was smaller than that of TiO2 ceramics, which is probably one of the principles of the excellent biocompatibility of Ti among metals.
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