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Roto SM, Park SH, Lee SI, Kaldhone P, Pavlidis HO, Frankenbach SB, McIntyre DR, Striplin K, Brammer L, Ricke SC. Effects of feeding Original XPC™ to broilers with a live coccidiosis-vaccine under industry conditions: Part 1. Growth performance and Salmonella inhibition. Poult Sci 2018; 96:1831-1837. [PMID: 28340000 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementation of poultry diets with Diamond V Original XPC™ (XPC) has been proposed as a means to ameliorate the commonly observed loss of appetite and depression of growth in birds given a live coccidiosis vaccine. A study was conducted to compare the effects on bird performance of a live coccidiosis vaccine in broilers, with and without the dietary inclusion of XPC (1.25 g/kg). Ross 708 male broilers (n = 1,280) were allocated to one of 4 feed treatments: cocci-vaccine (T1), cocci-vaccine + XPC (T2), cocci-vaccine + salinomycin in the grower diet only, (T3), and cocci-vaccine + salinomycin in the grower diet + XPC (T4). Birds consuming diets containing XPC (T2 and T4) and salinomycin (T3) exhibited increased (P < 0.05) feed intake and significantly heavier body weights at 28 d (1.70, 1.74, and 1.67 kg, respectively) and 42 d (3.29, 3.31, and 3.26 kg, respectively). Feed conversion ratio at 28 d was improved (P < 0.05) by adding XPC to diets (T2: 1.47 and T4: 1.44) compared to control diets (T1: 1.50 and T3: 1.47). Salmonella prevalence determined via selective media indicated the inclusion of XPC in the diet resulted in a significant reduction of Salmonella when compared to treatments lacking XPC. Molecular confirmation of Salmonella species indicated S. Kentucky to be present in 38 of the 39 positive samples. Results revealed the ability of XPC in reducing the prevalence of Salmonella. Results from this study also suggest that XPC could be used in conjunction with a live coccidiosis-vaccine to increase growth rate and improve feed conversion of broilers. However, further work is needed to delineate more specific effects directly attributable to XPC.
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Ricke SC, Kim SA, Shi Z, Park SH. Molecular-based identification and detection of Salmonella in food production systems: current perspectives. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:313-327. [PMID: 29675864 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella remains a prominent cause of foodborne illnesses and can originate from a wide range of food products. Given the continued presence of pathogenic Salmonella in food production systems, there is a consistent need to improve identification and detection methods that can identify this pathogen at all stages in food systems. Methods for subtyping have evolved over the years, and the introduction of whole genome sequencing and advancements in PCR technologies have greatly improved the resolution for differentiating strains within a particular serovar. This, in turn, has led to the continued improvement in Salmonella detection technologies for utilization in food production systems. In this review, the focus will be on recent advancements in these technologies, as well as potential issues associated with the application of these tools in food production. In addition, the recent and emerging research developments on Salmonella detection and identification methodologies and their potential application in food production systems will be discussed.
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Jang JK, Lee JL, Park SH, Park HJ, Park IJ, Kim JH, Choi SH, Kim J, Yu CS, Kim JC. Magnetic resonance tumour regression grade and pathological correlates in patients with rectal cancer. Br J Surg 2018; 105:1671-1679. [PMID: 29893988 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence to support the specific use of magnetic resonance tumour regression grade (mrTRG) is inadequate. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathological characteristics of mrTRG after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for rectal cancer and the implications for surgery. METHODS Patients undergoing long-course CRT (45-50 Gy plus a booster dose of 4-6 Gy) for mid or low rectal cancer (cT3-4 or cN+ without metastasis) between 2011 and 2015 who had post-CRT rectal MRI before surgery were included retrospectively. Three board-certified experienced radiologists assessed mrTRG. mrTRG was correlated with pathological tumour regression grade (pTRG), ypT and ypN. In a subgroup of patients with mrTRG1-2 and no tumour spread (such as nodal metastasis) on MRI, the projected rate of completion total mesorectal excision (TME) if they underwent transanal excision (TAE) and had a ypT status of ypT2 or higher was estimated, and recurrence-free survival was calculated according to the operation (TME or TAE) that patients had actually received. RESULTS Some 439 patients (290 men and 149 women of mean(s.d.) age 62·2(11·4) years) were analysed. The accuracy of mrTRG1 for predicting pTRG1 was 61 per cent (40 of 66), and that for ypT1 or less was 74 per cent (49 of 66). For mrTRG2, these values were 22·3 per cent (25 of 112) and 36·6 per cent (41 of 112) respectively. Patients with mrTRG1 and mrTRG2 without tumour spread were ypN+ in 3 per cent (1 of 29) and 16 per cent (8 of 50) respectively. Assuming mrTRG1 or mrTRG1-2 with no tumour spread on post-CRT MRI as the criteria for TAE, the projected completion TME rate was 26 per cent (11 of 43) and 41·0 per cent (41 of 100) respectively. For the 100 patients with mrTRG1-2 and no tumour spread, recurrence-free survival did not differ significantly between TME (79 patients) and TAE (21) (adjusted hazard ratio 1·86, 95 per cent c.i. 0·42 to 8·18). CONCLUSION Patients with mrTRG1 without tumour spread may be suitable for TAE.
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Park SH, Kim WJ, Kang DH. Effect of relative humidity on inactivation of foodborne pathogens using chlorine dioxide gas and its residues on tomatoes. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 67:154-160. [PMID: 29719930 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of relative humidity (RH) on the antimicrobial efficacy of chlorine dioxide (ClO2 ) gas against foodborne pathogens on tomatoes was evaluated. Also, levels of ClO2 residues on tomatoes after exposure to ClO2 gas under different RH conditions were measured to determine the quantity of solubilized ClO2 gas on tomato surfaces. Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes were inoculated on tomatoes and exposed to ClO2 gas (5, 10, 20 and 30 ppmv) under different RH conditions (50, 70 and 90%). As ClO2 gas concentration and treatment time increased, significant differences (P < 0·05) were observed between inactivation levels under different RH conditions. Exposure to 30 ppmv of ClO2 gas (50% RH) for 20 min resulted in 1·22-1·52 log reductions of the three foodborne pathogens. Levels of the three foodborne pathogens were reduced to below the detection limit (0·48 log CFU per cm2 ) within 15 min when exposed to 30 ppmv of ClO2 gas at 70% RH and within 10 min at 90% RH. At a given ClO2 gas concentration, ClO2 residues on tomatoes significantly (P < 0·05) increased with increasing RH, and there were close correlations between log reductions of pathogens and ClO2 residues on tomatoes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study reported on the correlation between the amount of ClO2 residues on produce surfaces and the level of inactivation of pathogens after ClO2 gas treatment. Variations in RH have great effect on the solubilization of ClO2 gas on tomato surfaces considering that ClO2 residues on tomatoes increased with increasing RH. Also, the amount of ClO2 residues on tomatoes is positively correlated with the level of inactivation of pathogens. The results of this study provide insights for predicting inactivation patterns of foodborne pathogens by ClO2 gas for practical application by the fresh produce industry.
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Lee HS, Heo HA, Park SH, Lee W, Pyo SW. Influence of human parathyroid hormone during orthodontic tooth movement and relapse in the osteoporotic rat model: A preliminary study. Orthod Craniofac Res 2018; 21:125-131. [PMID: 29671936 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on tooth movement in ovariectomized (OVX) rats by comparing the tooth movement distance and relapse and by examining the alveolar bone microstructure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty 8-week-old female rats were classified into 3 groups: sham-operated, OVX and ovariectomized rats injected with PTH (PTH). Eight weeks later, a closed-coil spring appliance was placed between the maxillary incisor and the first molar and then activated with 50 cN of force. During tooth movement, 30 μg/kg of PTH was administered 3 times per week in the PTH group. Tooth movement distances were measured weekly. Five rats in each group were killed after 3 weeks for microcomputerized tomographic analysis, and the remaining 5 rats in each group were killed at an additional 3 weeks after the removal of the appliance to measure relapsed distance. RESULTS The OVX group showed significantly greater tooth movement compared to those in the other 2 groups at 2 and 3 weeks (P < .05). The relapse distance and relapse percentage for the OVX group were higher; however, it did not differ significantly from the PTH group. On micro-CT analysis, bone volume/tissue volume ratio and bone mineral density in the PTH group were significantly greater than in the OVX group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Application of PTH did not promote tooth movement in OVX rat, however, did lead to decrease in relapse tendency. Therefore, the application of PTH during orthodontic treatment of patients with osteoporosis should be carefully considered.
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Varela-Stokes AS, Park SH, Stokes JV, Gavron NA, Lee SI, Moraru GM, Ricke SC. Tick microbial communities within enriched extracts of Amblyomma maculatum. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018. [PMID: 29530467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Our objective of this study was to explore the bacterial microbiome in fresh or fresh-frozen adult Amblyomma maculatum (Gulf Coast ticks) using extracts enriched for microbial DNA. We collected 100 questing adult A. maculatum, surface disinfected them, and extracted DNA from individual ticks collected the same day or after storage at -80 °C. Because only extracts with microbial DNA concentrations above 2 ng/μL were considered suitable for individual analysis, we expected fewer samples to meet these requirements. Of individual ticks extracted, 48 extracts met this minimum concentration. We pooled 20 additional extracts that had lower concentrations to obtain seven additional pools that met the minimum DNA concentration. Libraries created from these 55 samples were sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq platform, and data sets were analyzed using QIIME to identify relative abundance of microorganisms by phylum down to genus levels. Proteobacteria were in greatest abundance, followed by Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes, at levels between 1.9% and 6.4% average relative abundance. Consistent with the Francisella-like endosymbiont known to be present in A. maculatum, the genus Francisella was detected at highest relative abundance (72.9%; SE 0.02%) for all samples. Among the top ten genera identified (relative abundance ≥ 0.5%) were potential extraction kit contaminants, Sphingomonas and Methylobacterium, the soil bacterium Actinomycetospora, and the known A. maculatum-associated genus, Rickettsia. Four samples had Rickettsia at greater than 1% relative abundance, while nine additional samples had Rickettsia at low (0.01-0.04%) relative abundance. In this study, we used the entire microbe-enriched DNA extract for whole ticks for microbiome analysis. A direct comparison of the microbiome in microbe-enriched DNA and total genomic DNA extracts from halves of the same tick would be useful to determine the utility of this extraction method in this system. We anticipate that future tick microbiome studies will be valuable to explore the influence of microbial diversity on pathogen maintenance and transmission, and to evaluate niche-specific microbiomes within individual tick tissues.
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Kim YS, Park SH, Han K, Bang CH, Lee JH, Park YM. Prevalence and incidence of chronic spontaneous urticaria in the entire Korean adult population. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:976-977. [PMID: 29106703 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ito K, Park SH, Nayak A, Byerly J, Irie HY. Abstract P1-01-02: Targeting PTK6 to treat mesenchymal triple negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p1-01-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Rational: Patients with triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) have limited therapeutic options beyond conventional chemotherapy. Unfortunately, high-risk for metastatic recurrence and chemotherapy resistant diseases cause the worst 5-year survival rate in patients with TNBC, which have been significant clinical challenges. Novel therapeutic targets or strategies to combat metastasis and chemotherapy resistance are necessary to improve quality of life and outcomes for patients with high risk TNBC. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and anoikis resistance are processes recognized as contributing to enhanced metastatic potential and treatment resistance. A subset of TNBC exhibits mesenchymal gene signatures and phenotypes that may be associated with high metastatic recurrence, chemotherapy resistance and immunosuppression. In a functional genomic screen, we identified several candidates as novel regulators of EMT and anoikis sensitivity of TNBC cells. We have focused on roles of one highly validated candidate, protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6) on EMT, anoikis resistance and metastatic capacity in TNBC. Methods: We analyzed expression of PTK6 and mesenchymal markers in patient triple negative tumors by immunohistochemistry. In breast epithelial and TNBC cell lines, the levels of PTK6 were genetically modulated, and determined effects on growth, migration and EMT. In vivo mouse models were used to show effects of PTK6 inhibition on metastatic capacity of TNBC cells. We have also validated effects of PTK6 specific small molecule inhibitor on TNBC growth and metastases. In order to dissect specific mechanisms by which PTK6 inhibition regulates TNBC mesenchymal phenotypes, we used a siRNA library screening and identified novel E3 ligases that may be responsible for PTK6 inhibition-induced EMT regulation. Results: Overexpression of PTK6 in MCF10A cells is sufficient to promote an EMT; promotes migration, suppresses epithelial markers (E-cadherin/claudin-1) and increases mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin and fibronectin). In contrast, PTK6 inhibition either PTK6 shRNAs or treatment with a specific kinase inhibitor enhances E-cadherin expression and suppresses migration, anoikis resistance and lung colonization of TNBC cells. PTK6-dependent E-cadherin regulation is specifically dependent on levels of SNAIL, a transcriptional repressor that is associated with poor TNBC patient prognosis. SNAIL down-regulation by PTK6 inhibition is directly responsible for the modulation of anoikis sensitivity, which is in turn causally linked to lung colonization potential. PTK6 inhibition promotes the proteasome-dependent degradation of SNAIL via a novel mechanism independent of GSK3β/β-TRCP pathway or Fbox E3ligases (FBXO5, FBXO11, FBXL14) that are known to regulate SNAIL ubiquitination. Using a siRNA library screening approach, we identified novel E3 ligase candidates that may be responsible for SNAIL ubiquitination and degradation downstream of PTK6 inhibition. Conclusion/Future direction: PTK6 is a representative novel regulator of EMT and anoikis resistance that can be targeted to prevent metastases of TNBC. Modulation of mesenchymal phenotypes of TNBC cells may be able to regulate chemotherapy resistance and/or immunosuppressive microenvironment.
Citation Format: Ito K, Park SH, Nayak A, Byerly J, Irie HY. Targeting PTK6 to treat mesenchymal triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-01-02.
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Rahman MA, Park SH, Yu IJ. Dog Sperm Cryopreservation in Glucose-Fructose or Sucrose Supplemented Glycerol-Free Tris: Effect of Post-Thaw Incubation Time on Gene Expression Related to Apoptosis and Motility. CRYO LETTERS 2018; 39:45-52. [PMID: 29734414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED OBJECTIVE: The study evaluated the effects of glucose-fructose or sucrose supplementation in glycerol-free Tris (GFT) solution on motility, viability, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as the level of apoptosis (BAX and BCL2) and motility (SMCP)-related gene expression of dog spermatozoa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Spermatozoa (5×107 sperm/ml) were cryopreserved in GFT containing 86 mM glucose and 86 mM fructose (GF-GFT) or 100 mM sucrose (S-GFT). Progressive motility, viability, ROS (H2O2) level and mRNA gene expression of spermatozoa were evaluated 0 h, 3 h or 6 h post-thaw at 24°C. RESULTS The motility of spermatozoa cryopreserved in GF-GFT was increased throughout the post-thaw incubation time. The motility of spermatozoa cryopreserved in S-GFT was increased at 3 h of post-thaw incubation. The sperm ROS level in the GF-GFT group was inconsistent during the post-thaw incubation time; however, the ROS level in the S-GFT group was gradually increased with progression of the post-thaw incubation period. The post-thaw incubation had no substantial effect on the mRNA expression of the BAX, BCL2, and SMCP genes of spermatozoa in both the GF-GFT and S-GFT groups. CONCLUSION The supplementation of glucose and fructose improves progressive sperm motility during 6 h of post-thaw incubation while maintaining similar sperm viability. The addition of GF to GFT for cryopreservation and post-thaw incubation would yield more functional spermatozoa for future assisted reproduction practices.
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Kim ST, Kim SY, Klempner SJ, Yoon J, Kim N, Ahn S, Bang H, Kim KM, Park W, Park SH, Park JO, Park YS, Lim HY, Lee SH, Park K, Kang WK, Lee J. Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (RICTOR) amplification defines a subset of advanced gastric cancer and is sensitive to AZD2014-mediated mTORC1/2 inhibition. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:547-554. [PMID: 28028034 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Targeting oncogenic genomic aberrations is an established therapeutic strategy in multiple tumor types. Molecular classification has uncovered a number of novel targets, and rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (RICTOR) amplification has been identified in lung cancer. Further investigation assessing the therapeutic potential of RICTOR amplification as a novel target across advanced cancers is needed. Patients and methods Tumor samples from 640 patients with metastatic solid tumors, primarily gastrointestinal and lung cancers were prospectively subjected to a next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay to identify molecular targets. Samples with NGS-detected RICTOR amplification were confirmed with FISH. A RICTOR-amplified patient-derived cell (PDC) line was generated and used to investigate the effectiveness of selective AKT, mTORC1, and mTORC1/2 inhibition. Results NGS identified 13 (2%) of 640 patients with RICTOR-amplified tumors (6 gastric, 3 NSCLC, 1 SCLC, 1 CRC, 1 sarcoma, 1 MUO). Of the 13 patients, seven patients had RICTOR protein overexpression by IHC. The prevalence of RICTOR amplification in gastric cancer by NGS was 3.8% (6/160). FISH testing confirmed amplification (RICTOR/control >2) in 5/13 (38%) of samples, including four gastric cancers and one lung cancer. Treatment of a RICTOR amplified PDC with a selective AKT (AZD5363), selective mTORC1 (everolimus), dual mTORC1/2 (AZD2014), and the multi-target kinase inhibitor pazopanib demonstrated preferential sensitivity to the mTORC1/2 inhibitor (AZD2014). Knockdown of RICTOR reversed PDC sensitivity to AZD2014, validating the importance of RICTOR amplification to the PDC line. Conclusions RICTOR amplification is a rare but therapeutically relevant genomic alteration across solid tumors. Our results support further pre-clinical and clinical investigation with AZD2014 in RICTOR amplified gastric cancer and highlights the importance of genomic profiling.
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Suh MS, Park SH, Kim YK, Yun PY, Lee WW. 18F-NaF PET/CT for the evaluation of temporomandibular joint disorder. Clin Radiol 2017; 73:414.e7-414.e13. [PMID: 29223613 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the usefulness of a quantitative parameter (maximum standardised uptake value [SUVmax]) of 18F-sodium fluoride (NaF) positron-emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) for the evaluation of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder (TMD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-six TMD patients (male: female=14:62, age=40.3±17.1 years, bilateral: unilateral=40:36) with 152 TMJs were enrolled. The 18F-NaF PET/CT parameter (SUVmax) was compared with the presence of TMJ arthralgia (arthralgic=86, non-arthralgic=66) and clinical subtypes based on the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD Axis I (TMD osteoarthritis=49, non-TMD osteoarthritis=67, and asymptomatic TMJ=36). Splint therapy was applied to 48 patients for 6 months without considering 18F-NaF PET/CT findings. Post-splint therapy 18F-NaF PET/CT was performed in 32 patients and clinical responses to the therapy were classified into improvement (n=33), no change (n=10), or aggravation (n=7) for 50 TMJs excluding asymptomatic TMJs (n=14). RESULTS SUVmax was significantly greater in arthralgic TMJs than in non-arthralgic TMJs (6.62±3.56 versus 4.32±1.53, p<0.0001). SUVmax was also significantly greater in TMD osteoarthritis (6.75±3.85) than in non-TMD osteoarthritis (5.21±2.70) and asymptomatic TMJs (4.86±1.99; p=0.0386). After splint therapy, SUVmax was significantly increased in aggravated TMJs (from 7.80±3.72 to 11.00±5.74, p=0.0156), whereas no significant change in SUVmax was observed in improved (from 6.16±2.68 to 6.09±2.60, p=0.4915) and unchanged (from 6.46±4.19 to 6.77±4.32, p=0.3223) TMJs. CONCLUSIONS 18F-NaF PET/CT is a useful imaging tool for TMD evaluation because SUVmax showed a fair diagnostic performance for arthralgic TMJ and TMD osteoarthritis, and a correlation with the therapeutic response.
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Kim SA, Park SH, Lee SI, Ricke SC. Rapid and simple method by combining FTA™ card DNA extraction with two set multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains and virulence genes in food samples. Lett Appl Microbiol 2017; 65:482-488. [PMID: 28960364 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to optimize two multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays that could simultaneously detect six non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) as well as the three virulence genes. We also investigated the potential of combining the FTA™ card-based DNA extraction with the multiplex PCR assays. Two multiplex PCR assays were optimized using six primer pairs for each non-O157 STEC serogroup and three primer pairs for virulence genes respectively. Each STEC strain specific primer pair only amplified 155, 238, 321, 438, 587 and 750 bp product for O26, O45, O103, O111, O121 and O145 respectively. Three virulence genes were successfully multiplexed: 375 bp for eae, 655 bp for stx1 and 477 bp for stx2. When two multiplex PCR assays were validated with ground beef samples, distinctive bands were also successfully produced. Since the two multiplex PCR examined here can be conducted under the same PCR conditions, the six non-O157 STEC and their virulence genes could be concurrently detected with one run on the thermocycler. In addition, all bands clearly appeared to be amplified by FTA card DNA extraction in the multiplex PCR assay from the ground beef sample, suggesting that an FTA card could be a viable sampling approach for rapid and simple DNA extraction to reduce time and labour and therefore may have practical use for the food industry. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Two multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were optimized for discrimination of six non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and identification of their major virulence genes within a single reaction, simultaneously. This study also determined the successful ability of the FTA™ card as an alternative to commercial DNA extraction method for conducting multiplex STEC PCR assays. The FTA™ card combined with multiplex PCR holds promise for the food industry by offering a simple and rapid DNA sample method for reducing time, cost and labour for detection of STEC in food and environmental samples.
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Kim EJ, Kwak YG, Park SH, Kim SR, Shin MJ, Yoo HM, Han SH, Kim DW, Choi YH, Yoo JH. Trends in device utilization ratios in intensive care units over 10-year period in South Korea: device utilization ratio as a new aspect of surveillance. J Hosp Infect 2017; 100:e169-e177. [PMID: 29042233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Device-associated infection (DAI) is an important issue related to patient safety. It is important to reduce unnecessary device utilization in order to decrease DAI rates. AIM To investigate the time trend of device utilization ratios (DURs) of voluntarily participating hospitals, collected over a 10-year period through the Korean National Healthcare-associated Infections Surveillance System (KONIS). METHODS DURs from 2006 to 2015 in 190 intensive care units (ICUs) participating in KONIS were included in this study. DURs were calculated as the ratio of device-days to patient-days. The pooled incidences of DAIs and DURs were calculated for each year of participation, and the year-wise trends were analysed. FINDINGS Year-wise ventilator utilization ratio (V-DUR) increased significantly from 0.40 to 0.41 (F = 6.27, P < 0.01), urinary catheter utilization ratio (U-DUR) increased non-significantly from 0.83 to 0.84 (F = 1.66, P = 0.10), and C-line utilization ratio (CL-DUR) decreased non-significantly from 0.55 to 0.51 (F = 1.62, P = 0.11). In the subgroup analysis, 'medical ICU' (F = 2.79, P < 0.01) and 'hospital with >900 beds' (F = 3.07, P < 0.01) were associated with the significant increase in V-DUR. CONCLUSION In Korea, V-DUR showed a significant, year-wise increasing trend. The trends for U-DUR and CL-DUR showed no significant decrease. Efforts are required to ensure the reduction of DURs.
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Kim JE, Kim KK, Kim SY, Lee J, Park SH, Park JO, Park YS, Lim HY, Kang WK, Kim ST. MAP2K1 Mutation in Colorectal Cancer Patients: Therapeutic Challenge Using Patient-Derived Tumor Cell Lines. J Cancer 2017; 8:2263-2268. [PMID: 28819429 PMCID: PMC5560144 DOI: 10.7150/jca.19582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The MAP2K1 K57T mutation is known to be a potential mechanism of primary and secondary resistance to EGFR inhibitors in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) and has also been reported to promote resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitors. It is important to overcome therapeutic resistance to EGFR inhibitors to improve the treatment outcomes of metastatic CRC. METHODS: We established patient-derived tumor cells (PDCs) from metastatic lesions that newly appeared during treatment with a BRAF inhibitor (LGX-818) plus an EGFR inhibitor (cetuximab) in a patient with BRAF-mutant CRC. To investigate therapeutic options to overcome acquired resistance due to MAP2K1 mutation in BRAF-mutant CRC, we performed cell viability assays using the PDCs. RESULTS: We tested whether the PDCs were resistant to an EGFR inhibitor (cetuximab) and a BRAF inhibitor (sorafenib) as these cells were established at the time of resistance to the EGFR plus BRAF inhibitors. Moreover, the anti-tumor effect of AZD6244 (MEK inhibitor) was evaluated because PDCs harbored a MAP2K1 mutation at the time of resistance to the EGFR plus BRAF inhibitors. MTT proliferation assays showed that monotherapy with cetuximab, sorafenib, or AZD6244 did not suppress cell viability. We next tested viability of the PDCs to combination treatment with cetuximab plus AZD6244 and sorafenib plus AZD6244. Proliferation of PDCs was significantly inhibited by sorafenib and AZD6244, but not by cetuximab plus AZD6244. Investigation of the combined effect of sorafenib and AZD6244 using the calculated combination index (CI) showed synergistic effects of sorafenib and AZD6244 in combination therapy applied to PDCs with the MAP2K1 K57T mutation. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that combination treatment with BRAF and MEK inhibitors might be a novel treatment strategy for MAP2K1 K57T-mutant CRC. This finding will be helpful to guide treatment of patients with CRC that is resistant to EGFR inhibitors.
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Choi CY, Kim YH, Oh S, Lee HJ, Kim JH, Park SH, Kim HJ, Lee SJ, Chun T. Anti-inflammatory potential of a heat-killed Lactobacillus strain isolated from Kimchi on house dust mite-induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. J Appl Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28632956 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an allergic skin disease driven by the Th2-prone immune response. Therefore, a fundamental approach to restoring the Th1/Th2 balance is needed to treat AD. METHODS AND RESULTS Eighteen different Lactobacillus strains isolated from Kimchi were screened to identify those that stimulated immune cells to secret Th1-type or Th2-type cytokines. Lactobacillus brevis NS1401 induced the greatest IFN-γ and IL-12 secretion and the least IL-4 production among the tested Lactobacillus strains. Furthermore, oral administration of heat-killed NS1401 ameliorated the symptoms of dust mite-induced AD in NC/Nga mice by decreasing the serum IgE level and reducing the number of mast cells and eosinophils in lesions. Also, the size and number of cells in the draining lymph nodes of NS1401-administered mice were significantly reduced. In agreement with these results, secretion of a Th1-type cytokine (IFN-γ) and allergen-specific IgG2a were increased, whereas secretion of Th2-type cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10) and allergen-specific IgG1 were decreased upon administration of NS1401 in mice. CONCLUSIONS Lactobacillus brevis NS1401 alleviates the symptoms of AD by restoring the Th1/Th2 balance through enhancing Th1-prone immunity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The immunomodulatory function of L. brevis NS1401 may provide effective new therapeutics against AD.
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Jung JH, Park SH. Comparison of Polymerization Shrinkage, Physical Properties, and Marginal Adaptation of Flowable and Restorative Bulk Fill Resin-Based Composites. Oper Dent 2017; 42:375-386. [DOI: 10.2341/16-254-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the marginal adaptation of two flowable bulk fill resin-based composites (FB-RBCs), two restorative bulk fill resin-based composites (RB-RBCs), and one regular incremental-fill RBC in MOD cavities in vitro. Additionally, the influence of linear polymerization shrinkage, shrinkage force, flexural modulus, and bottom/top surface hardness ratio on the marginal adaptation was evaluated. Methods: A Class II MOD cavity was prepared in 40 extracted sound lower molars. In group 1 (control group), the preparation was filled with Filtek Z350 (Z3, 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA) using the incremental filling technique. The FB-RBCs, SDR (SD, group 2) (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE, USA) and Venus Bulk Fill (VB, group 3) (Heraeus Kulzer, Dormagen, Germany), were placed in the core portion of the cavity first, and Z350 was filled in the remaining cavity. The RB-RBCs, Tetric N-Ceram Bulkfill (TB, group 4) (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and SonicFill (SF, Group 5) (Kerr, West Collins, Orange, CA, USA), were bulk filled into the preparation. Images of the magnified marginal area were captured under 100× magnification before and after thermomechanical loading, and the percentage ratio of the imperfect margin (%IMwhole) was calculated. Gaps, cracks in the enamel layer, and chipping of composite, enamel, or dentin were all considered to be imperfect margins. Linear polymerization shrinkage, polymerization shrinkage force, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and bottom/top surface hardness ratio of were measured. Eight specimens were allocated for each material for each test. One-way analysis of variance with the Scheffé test was used to compare the groups at a 95% confidence level. Results: Before thermomechanical loading, %IMwhole was in the order of group 3 ≤ groups 2 and 5 ≤ groups 1 and 4 (p=0.011), whereas after loading, it was in the order of group 4 ≤ group 5 ≤ group 1 ≤ groups 2 and 3 (p<0.001). The order of materials were Z3 < TB and SF < SD and VB (p<0.001) in polymerization shrinkage; SF ≤ TB ≤ Z3 < SD < VB (p<0.001) in polymerization shrinkage force; VB < SD < TB ≤ Z3 ≤ SF (p<0.001) in flexural modulus; SD, VB, and TB < Z3 and SF (p<0.001) in flexural strtength; and SF< Z3 < TB < VB and SD (p<0.001) in bottom/top surface hardness ratio. The Pearson correlation constant between %IMwhole and polymerization shrinkage, shrinkage force, elastic modulus, and bottom/top surface hardness ratio was 0.697, 0.708, −0.373, and 0.353, respectively, after thermomechanical loading. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, RB-RBCs showed better marginal adaptation than FB- RBCs. The lower level of polymerization shrinkage and polymerization shrinkage stress in RB-RBCs seems to contribute to this finding because it would induce less polymerization shrinkage force at the margin. FB-RBCs with lower flexural modulus may not provide an effective buffer to occlusal stress when they are capped with regular RBCs.
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Oh HJ, Oh HW, Lee DW, Kim CH, Ahn JY, Kim Y, Shin HB, Kim CY, Park SH, Jeon JG. Chronologic Trends in Studies on Fluoride Mechanisms of Action. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1353-1360. [PMID: 28657808 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517717680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoride has been widely used for the prevention of dental caries since the mid-20th century. The aim of this study was to investigate the chronologic trends in studies on fluoride mechanisms of action against dental caries during the years 1950 to 2015. To this aim, queries such as "fluoride," "fluoride and demineralization," "fluoride and remineralization," "fluoride and (plaque or biofilms)," and "fluoride and (bacteria or microbials)" were submitted to PubMed to collect research article information, including titles, abstracts, publication dates, author affiliations, and publication journals. The article information that PubMed produced was then collected by an automatic web crawler and examined through informetrics and linguistic analyses. We found that the number of articles concerned with fluoride mechanisms of action against dental caries was 6,903 and gradually increased over time during the years 1950 to 2015. They were published by 1,136 journals-most notably, Caries Research and Journal of Dental Research. Of the articles published, those related to bacteria/microbials had a higher percentage (44%) than those dealing with plaque/biofilms, demineralization, and remineralization. With regard to the geographic distribution of authors, Europe and North America accounted for 65% of the articles during the years 1987 to 2015, although the number of authors in Asia sharply increased in recent years. Among the fluoride compounds, NaF was mentioned more frequently than SnF2, Na2PO3F, amine fluoride, and acidulated phosphate fluoride during the years 1986 to 2015. Water fluoridation received the most attention among the various fluoride application methods (toothpastes, mouthwashes, fluoride varnishes, and fluoride gels) during the same period. These results, obtained from employing informetrics and linguistic analyses, suggest that in studies on fluoride mechanisms of action, 1) the unbalanced geographic distribution of articles and 2) the heavy concentration of articles on particular fluoride compounds and application methods should be overcome in future research.
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Lee JM, Yang HJ, Kwon JH, Kim WJ, Kim SY, Lee EM, Park JY, Weon YC, Park SH, Gwon BJ, Ryu JC, Lee ST, Kim HJ, Jeon B. Two Korean siblings with recently described ovarioleukodystrophy related to AARS2 mutations. Eur J Neurol 2017; 24:e21-e22. [PMID: 28322004 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Nam GE, Hwang BE, Lee YC, Paik JS, Yang SW, Chun YH, Han K, Park YG, Park SH. Lower urinary cotinine level is associated with a trend toward more myopic refractive errors in Korean adolescents. Eye (Lond) 2017; 31:1060-1067. [PMID: 28282063 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2017.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeTo investigate the association between urinary cotinine levels as an objective biological marker for exposure to nicotine and refractive status.Patients and methodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2008 and 2011. A total of 1139 Korean adolescents aged 12-18 years were enrolled. Urinary cotinine concentrations and other potential risk factors for myopia were examined. Correlation analyses and multivariate regression analysis were performed to investigate the association between urinary cotinine level and refractive error.ResultsSpherical equivalent correlated significantly with urinary cotinine concentration (r=0.104, P=0.011). Lower urinary cotinine level was associated with a trend toward more myopic refractive errors (P for trend=0.003). After adjusting for age, sex, area of residence, physical activity, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, parental income level, and receipt of basic livelihood security, subjects with a low urinary cotinine level had a significantly increased risk of myopia <-0.5 D (odds ratio (OR) 1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-3.21), <-3.0 D (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.29-3.2), and <-6.0 D (OR 2.2, 95% CI, 1.15-4.23) when compared with subjects with a high urinary cotinine level. As urinary cotinine level decreased, the risks of myopia <-0.5 D, <-3.0 D, and <-6.0 D increased significantly (P for trend <0.05).ConclusionA trend toward less myopic refractive error was observed among Korean adolescents with higher urinary cotinine levels. This result provides the epidemiologic evidence implying nicotine as a potential modulator related with refractive development. Further studies with full consideration for myopia-associated risk factors are required to yield clear answers on the direct effect of smoking to the refractive status.
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Ahn YJ, Hong KE, Yum HR, Lee JH, Kim KS, Youn YA, Park SH. Characteristic clinical features associated with aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity. Eye (Lond) 2017; 31:924-930. [PMID: 28234354 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2017.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeTo identify the risk factors for, and clinical features and treatment outcomes of aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (APROP) in Korean infants.MethodsAmong 770 premature infants who underwent screening, 105 infants (198 eyes, 13.63%) received treatment for ROP. A total of 24 infants (48 eyes, 3.12%) developed APROP while 81 infants (150 eyes, 10.52%) developed non-APROP treatment-requiring type. The medical records of ROP-treated infants were reviewed retrospectively. The associated systemic and maternal risk factors were analyzed and anatomical outcomes were compared according to the severity of ROP and treatment modalities.ResultsThe mean gestational age and birth weight at birth in the APROP group were significantly lower than those in the non-APROP group (P=0.019, P<0.001, respectively). Infants who were born small for their GA developed APROP more frequently than non-APROP patients (P<0.001). Chorioamnionitis-positive infants also showed higher incidence rate of APROP (APROP vs non-APROP; P<0.001 and zone I APROP vs posterior zone II APROP; P=0.036, respectively). Infants with APROP required heavier laser treatment with a higher retreatment rate compared to infants with non-APROP. Favorable anatomical outcomes were achieved in 95.3% from treatment-requiring non-APROP group, 85.7% from zone I APROP and 84.6% from posterior zone II APROP group.ConclusionIntrauterine growth restriction and chorioamnionitis were associated with development of APROP. These findings suggest that perinatal maternal environment inhibiting normal retinal vascular growth in utero may contribute to increasing the risk of APROP in premature infants.
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Kim JH, Lim SM, Kim SI, Park SH, Park HS, Kim JY. Abstract OT2-04-01: Study on the usefulness of the skin wound therapeutic agent 'Neo dermal activator' in breast cancer surgery. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-ot2-04-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background : Wound infection after breast cancer surgery is considered to be factors that increase the discomfort of the patient and increase of the extension and the use of antibiotics in the treatment time period, in particular breast cancer postoperative wound infection resulting slow the implementation of adjunctive therapy such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy after surgery can cause, it is important to effectively prevent, there has been a development of a variety of skin wound therapeutic agent to reduce them. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the wound dressing with existing wound dressing Neo dermal activator compared to the patients receiving preoperative chemotherapy.
Methods : A total of 54 breast cancer patients who recieved BCS & mastectomy devided two group(each 27 patients) through the random assignment between Jan, 2016 and June, 2016. Day one weeks after surgery to examine the wound infection rate (surgical site infection, SSI rate). After six months of outpatient surgery visits to check the wounds of patients, using the VAS records the scar of the wound satisfaction. For patients who underwent radiation therapy, check out the time it took to begin radiation therapy after surgery.
All tests were two-sided. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA).
Eligbility criteria is :
- one side breast cancer
- not inflammatory breast cancer
- recieved BCS and mastectomy only (without immediate reconstruction surgery)
- stage IV breast cancer.
Citation Format: Kim JH, Lim SM, Kim SI, Park SH, Park HS, Kim JY. Study on the usefulness of the skin wound therapeutic agent 'Neo dermal activator' in breast cancer surgery [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT2-04-01.
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Irie HY, Park SH, Katsyv I, Zhang W, Nayak A. Abstract P3-04-13: Protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6) promotes survival of endocrine therapy-resistant ER+ breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p3-04-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Rationale: The non-receptor tyrosine kinase PTK6/Brk is highly expressed in the ER+/Luminal breast cancer subtypes. PTK6 expression has prognostic significance for patients with ER+ disease; higher transcript levels are associated with poorer survival. The functions of PTK6 in the context of ER+ breast cancer and sensitivity to endocrine therapy have not been explored. We sought to determine the functional roles of PTK6 in ER+ breast cancer cells, including those that are relatively resistant to current endocrine therapies. Methods/Results. We modulated the expression of PTK6 using both gain- and loss-of-function approaches. Enhanced expression of PTK6 in Tamoxifen-sensitive ER+ breast cancer cells was sufficient to confer relative Tamoxifen resistance. Furthermore, downregulation of PTK6 in ER+ breast cancer cells, including those that have acquired resistance to Tamoxifen, induced apoptosis, as evidenced by an increase in AnnexinV+ cells and increased levels of cleaved PARP. PTK6 downregulation impaired growth of Tamoxifen-resistant variants of ER+ MCF7 and T47D cells (MCF7TamR and T47DTamR) in 3D Matrigel culture, and virtually abrogated primary tumor growth of MCF7TamR xenografts. Mechanistically, p38MAPK activation is critical for PTK6 downregulation-induced apoptosis of ER+ breast cancer cells, as p38 inhibition partially rescues cells from PTK6 shRNA-associated apoptosis. Conclusions: Our studies highlight the critical role that PTK6 plays in the survival of ER+ breast cancer cells, including those that are resistant to endocrine therapy. Enhanced PTK6 expression in ER+ breast cancer cells is sufficient to promote endocrine therapy resistance, which could contribute to the poorer prognosis associated with higher PTK6 expression in ER+ patient tumors. As small molecule PTK6 inhibitors are becoming available, our studies support further evaluation of PTK6 as a candidate therapeutic target for endocrine therapy resistant ER+ breast cancers.
Citation Format: Irie HY, Park SH, Katsyv I, Zhang W, Nayak A. Protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6) promotes survival of endocrine therapy-resistant ER+ breast cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-04-13.
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Park SH, Jeong YJ, Bong JG, Oh HK. Abstract P6-05-05: The expression of lysyl oxidase and fibrotic focus is related to inflammation in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p6-05-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is an extracellular matrix enzyme that catalyzes the
cross-linking of collagens or elastin. Our hypothesis is that LOX contributes to the formation
of a fibrotic focus (FF), which is related to inflammation in breast carcinogenesis.
In this study, we analyzed the association between the expression LOXs and FF, and
investigated prognostic significance in breast cancer.
Methods: Tissue microarrarys were constructed from the specimens of 444 patients
with primary invasive breast cancer. Immunohistochemical staining for LOX, LOXlike
(LOXL)-, LOXL-2 and LOXL-3 was performed. The status of FF within the tumor
was assessed. The number of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD68+ macrophages was
counted, and intratumoral and peritumoral lymphocyte infiltration were evaluated.
The clinicopathologic characteristics of the patients were analyzed.
Result: The percentage of positive FF was 39.2% and positive rate of LOX expression
was 50% in primary breast cancer tissues. FF was found to be significantly associated
with intratumoral and peritumoral inflammation, lymph node metastasis, high histologic
grade, larger tumor size. LOX was associated with intratumoral and peritumoral
inflammation, CD8+ T cells and menopausal status. LOXL-3 was significantly associated
with positive expression of ER and PR, and molecular subtype.
Conclusions: FF and the expression of LOX were associated with inflammation in
breast cancer in this study. Our results suggest that LOXs may contribute to the formation
of a FF indirectly in relation with inflammation in breast cancer. Further studies
are needed to clarify the role of LOXs, FF and inflammation in tumorigenesis and
prognostic value of them in breast cancer.
Citation Format: Park SH, Jeong YJ, Bong JG, Oh HK. The expression of lysyl oxidase and fibrotic focus is related to inflammation in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-05-05.
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Park S, Kim HJ, Ko BG, Chung JW, Kim SH, Park SH, Lee MH, Yeom JS. The prevalence and impact of sarcopenia on degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. Bone Joint J 2017; 98-B:1093-8. [PMID: 27482023 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.98b8.37623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and to examine its impact on patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS). PATIENTS AND METHODS This case-control study included two groups: one group consisting of patients with DLSS and a second group of control subjects without low back or neck pain and related leg pain. Five control cases were randomly selected and matched by age and gender (n = 77 cases and n = 385 controls) for each DLSS case. Appendicular muscle mass, hand-grip strength, sit-to-stand test, timed up and go (TUG) test, and clinical outcomes, including the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores and the EuroQol EQ-5D were compared between the two groups. RESULTS The prevalence of sarcopenia, as defined by hand-grip strength, was significantly higher in the DLSS group (24%) when compared with the age- and gender-matched control group (12%) (p = 0.004). In the DLSS group, the sarcopenia subgroup demonstrated inferior results for the TUG test and ODI scores when compared with the non-sarcopenia subgroup (p = 0.006 and p = 0.039, respectively) after adjusting for age and gender. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated a higher prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with DLSS and highlighted its negative effect on clinical outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1093-8.
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Rahman MA, Park SH, Yu IJ. Effect of Monosaccharides in Glycerol-free Tris Extender on Reactive Oxygen Species and Apoptosis in Dog Sperm Cryopreservation. CRYO LETTERS 2017; 38:51-57. [PMID: 28376140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the effect of monosaccharides in a glycerol-free tris (GFT) extender on reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and apoptosis in cryopreserved dog spermatozoa. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sperm pellets were resuspended (5 × 107 mL-1) with GFT containing 172 mM glucose (G), 86 mM glucose + 86 mM fructose (GF), 86 mM glucose + 86 mM galactose (Gg), 172 mM fructose (F), 172 mM galactose (g) or 86 mM fructose + 86 mM galactose (Fg). The sperm (500 µL) were loaded in 0.5 mL straws and cooled for 50 min at 4 degree C. The straws were then frozen 7 cm from the surface of liquid nitrogen (LN2) for 20 min and were finally plunged into LN2. After freezing-thawing, the sperm motility and viability were evaluated. The ROS level (H2O2) and apoptosis index were assessed by using flow cytometry. RESULTS GFT supplemented with GF resulted in significantly higher (P < 0.05) progressive sperm motility and viability followed by only G, which had greater ROS reducing capacity. However, sperm cell apoptosis had no significant differences among all the experimental groups. CONCLUSION Cryopreservation of dog sperm in GFT containing GF yields more motile and viable sperm followed by only G, which has greater ROS reducing efficiency.
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