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Zhang B, Zhang M, Tian J, Zhang X, Zhang D, Li J, Yang L. Advances in the regulation of radiation-induced apoptosis by polysaccharides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130173. [PMID: 38360238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are biomolecules composed of monosaccharides that are widely found in animals, plants and microorganisms and are of interest for their various health benefits. Cumulative studies have shown that the modulation of radiation-induced apoptosis by polysaccharides can be effective in preventing and treating a wide range of radiation injuries with safety and few side effects. Therefore, this paper summarizes the monosaccharide compositions, molecular weights, and structure-activity relationships of natural polysaccharides that regulate radiation-induced apoptosis, and also reviews the molecular mechanisms by which these polysaccharides modulate radiation-induced apoptosis, primarily focusing on promoting cancer cell apoptosis to enhance radiotherapy efficacy, reducing radiation damage to normal tissues, and inhibiting apoptosis in normal cells. Additionally, the role of gut microbiota in mediating the interaction between polysaccharides and radiation is discussed, providing innovative ideas for various radiation injuries, including hematopoiesis, immunity, and organ damage. This review will contribute to a better understanding of the value of natural polysaccharides in the field of radiation and provide guidance for the development of natural radioprotective agents and radiosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Department of Nutrition, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Department of Nutrition, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Jinlong Tian
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Jiabao Li
- Department of Nutrition, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Department of Nutrition, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
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2
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Hima S, Remya C, Sadasivan C, Dileep KV. Carboxylic acid derivatives suppress the growth of Aspergillus flavus through the inhibition of fungal alpha-amylase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:3563-3567. [PMID: 37194429 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2214235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus favus (A. flavus) is a saprophytic fungus and a pathogen affecting several important foods and crops, including maize. A. flavus produces a toxic secondary metabolite called aflatoxin. Alpha-amylase (α-amylase), a hydrolytic enzyme produced by A. Flavus helps in the production of aflatoxin by hydrolysing the starch molecules in to simple sugars such as glucose and maltose. These simple sugars induce the production of aflatoxin. Inhibition of α-amylase has been proven as a potential way to reduce the production of aflatoxin. In the present study, we investigated the effect of selected carboxylic acid derivatives such as cinnamic acid (CA), 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid (3,4-HPPA) on the fungal growth and for the α-amylase inhibitory activity. The binding potentials of these compounds with α-amylase have been confirmed by enzyme kinetics and isothermal titration calorimetry. Molecular docking and MD simulation studies were also performed to deduce the atomic level interaction between the protein and selected ligands. The results indicated that CA, 2,4-D and 3,4-HPPA can inhibit the fungal growth which could be partly due to the inhibition on fungal α-amylase activity.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree Hima
- Laboratory for Computational and Structural Biology, Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Chandran Remya
- Laboratory for Computational and Structural Biology, Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - C Sadasivan
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Dr. Janaki Ammal Campus, Kannur University, Thalassery, India
| | - K V Dileep
- Laboratory for Computational and Structural Biology, Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
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Liang L, Yue Y, Zhong L, Liang Y, Shi R, Luo R, Zhao M, Cao X, Yang M, Du J, Shen X, Wang Y, Shu Z. Anti-aging activities of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. crude polysaccharide in Caenorhabditis elegans based on gut microbiota and metabonomic analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127647. [PMID: 37884235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a degenerative progress, accompanied by oxidative damage, metabolic disorders and intestinal flora imbalance. Natural macromolecular polysaccharides have shown excellent anti-aging and antioxidant properties, while maintaining metabolic and intestinal homeostasis. The molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, infrared spectrum and other chemical structure information of four Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharides (RG50, RG70, RG90, RGB) were determined, and their free radical scavenging ability was assessed. Molecular weight and monosaccharide composition analysis exhibited that RG50 (2-72 kDa), RG70 (3.2-37 kDa), RG70 (3-42 kDa), and RGB (3.1-180 kDa) were heteropolysaccharide with significant different monosaccharide species and molar ratios. We found that RG70 had the best antioxidant activity in vitro and RG70 could enhance the antioxidant enzyme system of Caenorhabditis elegans, diminished lipofuscin and reactive oxygen species levels, up-regulate the expression of daf-16, skn-1 and their downstream genes, and down-regulate the expression of age-1. Metabolomics results showed that RG70 mainly influenced glycine, serine and threonine metabolism and citric acid cycle. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that RG70 significantly up-regulated the abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4B4_group, which were positively correlated with amino acid metabolism and energy cycling. These results suggest that RG70 may delay aging by enhancing antioxidant effects, affecting probiotics and regulating key metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanyuan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yimin Yue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Luyang Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yefang Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruixiang Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rongfeng Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mantong Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xia Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mengru Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jieyong Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xuejuan Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zunpeng Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Liu H, Huang Y, Yang J, Xu X, Dai Q, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Zhang M, Zhang J, Liu T, Zhong L. Involvement of estrogen receptor activation in kaempferol-3-O-glucoside's protection against aging-related cognition impairment and microglial inflammation. Exp Cell Res 2023; 433:113849. [PMID: 37926343 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens have been demonstrated to inhibit age-related cognitive decline via binding to estrogen receptors (ERs). As a natural flavonoid component of Cuscuta Chinensis Lam., Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (K-3-G) not only possesses anti-neuroinflammatory potential but also functions as an agonist for ERα and ERβ. This study aimed to determine whether K-3-G improved cognition during the aging process, with an emphasis on its effect on microglial inflammation. In vivo, K-3-G (5 or 10 mg/kg/day) was orally given to the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice from six to eight-month old. In addition to mitigating the memory and learning deficits of SAMP8 mice, K-3-G upregulated the expression of ERα and ERβ in their hippocampal CA1 region, with the higher dose being more effective. Less Iba-1+ microglial cells presented in SAMP8 mice treated with K-3-G. The formation of NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3) complex, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress-related markers, as well as expression of pro-apoptotic proteins were reduced by K-3-G. In vitro, BV2 microglial cells exposed to oligomeric amyloid beta (Aβ)1-42 were treated with 100 μM K-3-G. K-3-G showed similar anti-inflammatory effects on BV2 cells as in vivo. K-3-G-induced alterations were partly diminished by fulvestrant, an ER antagonist. Moreover, dual-luciferase reporter system demonstrated that K-3-G induced ER expression by activating the transcription of estrogen-response elements (EREs). Collectively, these findings demonstrate that K-3-G may be a novel therapeutic agent for senescence-related cognitive impairment by inhibiting microglial inflammation through its action on ERs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xuejiao Xu
- Department of Internal Classic of Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qiaomei Dai
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tonghui Liu
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lili Zhong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Luo Q, Li X, Li H, Kong K, Li C, Fang Z, Hu B, Wang C, Chen S, Wu W, Li X, Liu Y, Zeng Z. Effect of in vitro simulated digestion and fecal fermentation on Boletus auripes polysaccharide characteristics and intestinal flora. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126461. [PMID: 37619676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Boletus auripes is edible and medicinal boletus mushrooms rich in diverse nutrients and bioactive compounds, of which indigestible dietary polysaccharides are the most abundant compounds involved the regulation of gut microbes. However, the physicochemical, digestive, and fermentation characteristics of Boletus auripes polysaccharide (BAP) are not well studied. This study aimed to investigate the influence of different digestive stages on BAP's physicochemical characteristics and biological activities, and its effect on intestinal flora. We found that mannose (0.23 %), glucose (0.31 %), galactose (0.17 %), and fucose (0.19 %) were the main monosaccharides of BAP, with a high-molecular-weight (Mw) and a low-Mw fraction of 2084.83 and 62.93 kDa, respectively. During the course of digestion, there were slight alterations in the chemical composition, monosaccharide composition, and Mw of BAP. Despite these changes, the fundamental structural features of BAP remained largely unaffected. Moreover, the antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of BAP were weakened under simulated saliva-gastrointestinal digestion. However, gut microbiota decomposed and utilized BAP to generate various short-chain fatty acids during fermentation, which decreased the pH of fecal cultures. Meanwhile, BAP modulated the gut microbiota composition and increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes. These findings suggest that BAP have potential for maintaining intestinal health and protecting against interrelated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingying Luo
- Sichuan Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Xuejiao Li
- Sichuan Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Sichuan Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Keyang Kong
- Sichuan Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Sichuan Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Sichuan Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Sichuan Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- Sichuan Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Saiyan Chen
- Sichuan Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Sichuan Agricultural University, College of Science, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Edible fungi cultivation and Physiology Research Center, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yuntao Liu
- Sichuan Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Yaan 625014, China.
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Sichuan Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Yaan 625014, China.
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6
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Fadó R, Molins A, Rojas R, Casals N. Feeding the Brain: Effect of Nutrients on Cognition, Synaptic Function, and AMPA Receptors. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194137. [PMID: 36235789 PMCID: PMC9572450 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, traditional eating habits have been replaced by a more globalized diet, rich in saturated fatty acids and simple sugars. Extensive evidence shows that these dietary factors contribute to cognitive health impairment as well as increase the incidence of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. However, how these nutrients modulate synaptic function and neuroplasticity is poorly understood. We review the Western, ketogenic, and paleolithic diets for their effects on cognition and correlations with synaptic changes, focusing mainly (but not exclusively) on animal model studies aimed at tracing molecular alterations that may contribute to impaired human cognition. We observe that memory and learning deficits mediated by high-fat/high-sugar diets, even over short exposure times, are associated with reduced arborization, widened synaptic cleft, narrowed post-synaptic zone, and decreased activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, and also observe that these alterations correlate with deregulation of the AMPA-type glutamate ionotropic receptors (AMPARs) that are crucial to neuroplasticity. Furthermore, we explored which diet-mediated mechanisms modulate synaptic AMPARs and whether certain supplements or nutritional interventions could reverse deleterious effects, contributing to improved learning and memory in older people and patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rut Fadó
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, E-08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-504-20-00
| | - Anna Molins
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, E-08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Rocío Rojas
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, E-08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Núria Casals
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, E-08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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7
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Peng Y, Zhao L, Hu K, Yang Y, Ma J, Zhai Y, Jiang Y, Zhang D. Anti-Fatigue Effects of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide and Effervescent Tablets by Regulating Oxidative Stress and Energy Metabolism in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810920. [PMID: 36142831 PMCID: PMC9504225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-fatigue effect of natural Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) during exercise, develop a functional anti-fatigue effervescent tablet by applying LBP to practical products, and help patients who have difficulty swallowing conventional tablets or capsules. LBP was extracted with water, and DEAE-52 cellulose was used for purification. The chemical structure and monosaccharide composition of LBP by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FI-IR) and ion chromatography (IC). Lycium barbarum polysaccharide effervescent tablets (LBPT) were prepared by mixing LBP and an excipient. Animal experiments showed that LBP and LBPT significantly increased the exhaustive swimming time in rats. LBP and LBPT improved biochemical markers in rat serum, such as lactic acid and creatine kinase, enhanced the antioxidant capacity of rat muscle, and reversed the decrease in serum glucose, ATP and glycogen content caused by exercise. Transmission electron microscopy showed that LBP and LBPT increased the density of mitochondria in rat liver. In addition, molecular experiments showed that LBP and LBPT could improve oxidative stress caused by exercise by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and regulating energy metabolism via the AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Peng
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- College of Medical, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Ke Hu
- College of Medical, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yongjing Yang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Jin Ma
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yuqing Zhai
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- College of Medical, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Dejun Zhang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Correspondence:
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Dhawan V, Lokras A, Joshi G, Marwah M, Venkatraman M, Mohanty B, Darshan K, Chaudhari P, Warawdekar U, Saraf M, Nagarsenker M. Polysaccharide and Monosaccharide Guided Liver Delivery of Sorafenib Tosylate - A Nano-strategic Approach and Comparative Assessment of Hepatospecificity. Int J Pharm 2022; 625:122039. [PMID: 35902059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V Dhawan
- Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz East, Mumbai 400098, India
| | - A Lokras
- Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz East, Mumbai 400098, India; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - G Joshi
- CRI Lab 1, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai 410201, India
| | - M Marwah
- Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz East, Mumbai 400098, India
| | - M Venkatraman
- Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz East, Mumbai 400098, India
| | - B Mohanty
- Comparative Oncology Program, Small Animal Testing Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - K Darshan
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Chaudhari
- Comparative Oncology Program, Small Animal Testing Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - U Warawdekar
- CRI Lab 1, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai 410201, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - M Saraf
- Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz East, Mumbai 400098, India
| | - M Nagarsenker
- Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz East, Mumbai 400098, India.
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Mijailovic N, Nesler A, Perazzolli M, Aït Barka E, Aziz A. Rare Sugars: Recent Advances and Their Potential Role in Sustainable Crop Protection. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061720. [PMID: 33808719 PMCID: PMC8003523 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare sugars are monosaccharides with a limited availability in the nature and almost unknown biological functions. The use of industrial enzymatic and microbial processes greatly reduced their production costs, making research on these molecules more accessible. Since then, the number of studies on their medical/clinical applications grew and rare sugars emerged as potential candidates to replace conventional sugars in human nutrition thanks to their beneficial health effects. More recently, the potential use of rare sugars in agriculture was also highlighted. However, overviews and critical evaluations on this topic are missing. This review aims to provide the current knowledge about the effects of rare sugars on the organisms of the farming ecosystem, with an emphasis on their mode of action and practical use as an innovative tool for sustainable agriculture. Some rare sugars can impact the plant growth and immune responses by affecting metabolic homeostasis and the hormonal signaling pathways. These properties could be used for the development of new herbicides, plant growth regulators and resistance inducers. Other rare sugars also showed antinutritional properties on some phytopathogens and biocidal activity against some plant pests, highlighting their promising potential for the development of new sustainable pesticides. Their low risk for human health also makes them safe and ecofriendly alternatives to agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Mijailovic
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, USC RIBP 1488, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, CEDEX 02, 51687 Reims, France; (N.M.); (E.A.B.)
- Bi-PA nv, Londerzee l1840, Belgium;
| | | | - Michele Perazzolli
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy;
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Essaid Aït Barka
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, USC RIBP 1488, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, CEDEX 02, 51687 Reims, France; (N.M.); (E.A.B.)
| | - Aziz Aziz
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, USC RIBP 1488, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, CEDEX 02, 51687 Reims, France; (N.M.); (E.A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-326-918-525
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10
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Yuan X, Nakao T, Satone H, Ohara K, Kominami Y, Ito M, Aizawa T, Ueno T, Ushio H. The Effects of Brown Algae-Derived Monosaccharide L-Fucose on Lipid Metabolism in C57BL/6J Obese Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3798. [PMID: 33322300 PMCID: PMC7764515 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global public health problem and a risk factor for several metabolic disorders as well as cancer. In this study, we investigated the effects of L-fucose on lipid metabolism through chronic and acute in vivo experiments in mice. In the chronic test, mice were fed a high-calorie diet (HCD) containing 0.0001%, 0.001%, 0.01%, and 0.1% L-fucose for one month. The L-fucose supplementation inhibited body weight and visceral fat mass gain in HCD-fed mice. The results of the acute test showed that L-fucose increased the ratio of serum high molecular weight adiponectin and enhanced glucose and lipid catabolism. Furthermore, L-fucose also decreased the expression of adipogenic genes (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and cluster of differentiation 36). In conclusion, this study provides a new approach to combat obesity and the related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yuan
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (X.Y.); (T.N.); (H.S.); (K.O.); (Y.K.)
| | - Tomohiko Nakao
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (X.Y.); (T.N.); (H.S.); (K.O.); (Y.K.)
| | - Hina Satone
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (X.Y.); (T.N.); (H.S.); (K.O.); (Y.K.)
| | - Kazuyuki Ohara
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (X.Y.); (T.N.); (H.S.); (K.O.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yuri Kominami
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (X.Y.); (T.N.); (H.S.); (K.O.); (Y.K.)
| | - Miho Ito
- Yaizu Suisankagaku Industry Co., Ltd., 5-8-13 Kogawa-shimmachi, Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-8570, Japan; (M.I.); (T.A.); (T.U.)
| | - Teruki Aizawa
- Yaizu Suisankagaku Industry Co., Ltd., 5-8-13 Kogawa-shimmachi, Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-8570, Japan; (M.I.); (T.A.); (T.U.)
| | - Tomoya Ueno
- Yaizu Suisankagaku Industry Co., Ltd., 5-8-13 Kogawa-shimmachi, Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-8570, Japan; (M.I.); (T.A.); (T.U.)
| | - Hideki Ushio
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (X.Y.); (T.N.); (H.S.); (K.O.); (Y.K.)
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11
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Zhang X, Zhu J, Yan J, Xiao Y, Yang R, Huang R, Zhou J, Wang Z, Xiao W, Zheng C, Wang Y. Systems pharmacology unravels the synergic target space and therapeutic potential of Rhodiola rosea L. for non-small cell lung cancer. Phytomedicine 2020; 79:153326. [PMID: 32992083 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the most common and mortal cancer worldwide. Rhodiola rosea L. (RR), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been turned out to be effective in anti-lung cancer therapy, but its molecular mechanism of action has not been clearly understood. PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to elucidate the possible molecular mechanism underlying the effect of RR against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by systems pharmacology. METHODS The effects of RR on NSCLC were examined in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumor-bearing mice models. The possible molecular mechanism was unraveled by systems pharmacology, which includes pharmacokinetics evaluation, active compounds screening, target prediction and network analysis. Cell proliferation was examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay; cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry; protein and proinflammatory cytokines expression were evaluated by Western blot and qRT-PCR. RESULTS In vivo, RR significantly inhibited the tumor growth and prolonged the survival of the tumor bearing mice. In silico, we identified 19 potential active molecules (e.g., salidroside and rhodiosin), 112 targets (e.g., COX-2 and AKT) and 27 pathways (e.g., PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway) for RR. Additionally, targets analysis and networks construction further revealed that RR exerted anti-cancer effects by regulating apoptosis, angiogenesis and inflammation. In vitro, salidroside could significantly decrease expression of pro-angiogenic factors (e.g., VEGF and eNOS) and proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., COX-2, iNOS and TNF-α). Also, Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein was decreased whereas Bax, a pro-apoptotic protein, was increased. Further flow cytometry analysis showed that salidroside could induce apoptosis in H1975 cells. CONCLUSIONS Mechanistically, the antitumor effect of RR on NSCLC was responsible for the synergy among anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and pro-apoptotic.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacokinetics
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Biological Availability
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor/methods
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Glucosides/pharmacology
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Monosaccharides/pharmacology
- Phenols/pharmacology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- RAW 264.7 Cells
- Rhodiola/chemistry
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Transcription Factor RelA
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinglin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiangna Yan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruijie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruifei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, China.
| | - Chunli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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12
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Abstract
In this review, we focus on the metabolism of mammalian glycan-associated monosaccharides, where the vast majority of our current knowledge comes from research done during the 1960s and 1970s. Most monosaccharides enter the cell using distinct, often tissue specific transporters from the SLC2A family. If not catabolized, these monosaccharides can be activated to donor nucleotide sugars and used for glycan synthesis. Apart from exogenous and dietary sources, all monosaccharides and their associated nucleotide sugars can be synthesized de novo, using mostly glucose to produce all nine nucleotide sugars present in human cells. Today, monosaccharides are used as treatment options for a small number of rare genetic disorders and even some common conditions. Here, we cover therapeutic applications of these sugars and highlight biochemical gaps that must be revisited as we go forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Sosicka
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Bobby G. Ng
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Hudson H. Freeze
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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13
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Short KK, Miller SM, Walsh L, Cybulski V, Bazin H, Evans JT, Burkhart D. Co-encapsulation of synthetic lipidated TLR4 and TLR7/8 agonists in the liposomal bilayer results in a rapid, synergistic enhancement of vaccine-mediated humoral immunity. J Control Release 2019; 315:186-196. [PMID: 31654684 PMCID: PMC6980726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To increase vaccine immunogenicity, modern vaccines incorporate adjuvants, which serve to enhance immune cross-protection, improve humoral and cell-mediated immunity, and promote antigen dose sparing. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family are promising targets for development of agonist formulations for use as vaccine adjuvants. Combinations of co-delivered TLR4 and TLR7/8 ligands have been demonstrated to have synergistic effects on innate and adaptive immune response. Here, we create liposomes that stably co-encapsulate CRX-601, a synthetic TLR4 agonist, and UM-3004, a lipidated TLR7/8 agonist, within the liposomal bilayer in order to achieve co-delivery, allow tunable physical properties, and induce in vitro and in vivo immune synergy. Co-encapsulation demonstrates a synergistic increase in IL-12p70 cytokine output in vitro from treated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs). Further, co-encapsulated formulations give significant improvement of early IgG2a antibody titers in BALB/c mice following primary vaccination when compared to single agonist or dual agonists delivered in separate liposomes. This work demonstrates that co-encapsulation of TLR4 and lipidated TLR7/8 agonists within the liposomal bilayer leads to innate and adaptive immune synergy which biases a Th1 immune response. Thus, liposomal co-encapsulation may be a useful and flexible tool for vaccine adjuvant formulation containing multiple TLR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher K Short
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Shannon M Miller
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Lois Walsh
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Van Cybulski
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Hélène Bazin
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Jay T Evans
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - David Burkhart
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
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14
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Ren D, Wang Q, Yang Y, Hu Y, Song Y, He Y, Liu S, Wu L. Hypolipidemic effects of fucoidan fractions from Saccharina sculpera (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae). Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:188-195. [PMID: 31381913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidan is a kind of brown algae-derived macromolecule suggested to have hypolipidemic activity. Saccharina sculpera has attracted interest because it is rich in fucoidan. The monosaccharide composition and structural characteristics of isolated fractions (F1, F2 and F3) were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The hypolipidemic effects of fucoidan fractions from Saccharina sculpera cultured in northern China were clarified by measuring cholesterol levels, antioxidative indicators and hepatic gene mRNA expression using an established hyperlipidemic Wistar rat model. The results showed that F1 is an acetylated galactofucan and that F2 consists of fucose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid. F3 is an acetylated galactofucan with high fucose. Fucoidan fractions from Saccharina sculpera could effectively reduce the level of lipids in serum by reducing the TG, TC, and LDL-C levels and increasing HDL-C levels and could effectively prevent lipid accumulation in the liver. The findings obtained from hepatic gene expression showed that fucoidan could inhibit cholesterol synthesis via downregulation of HMG-CoA-R and upregulation of LCAT, slow the synthesis of fatty acids via downregulation of SREBP-1c, and promote β-oxidation of fatty acids via upregulation of PPARα, PPARγ and LPL. These results demonstrated that the hypolipidemic activity of fucoidan was related to the inhibition of cholesterol synthesis and reverse transport, the regulation of fatty acid synthesis, and acceleration of mitochondrial β-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, PR China; National Research and Development Branch, Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian 116023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Qiukuan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, PR China; National Research and Development Branch, Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian 116023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, PR China.
| | - Ying Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, PR China; National Research and Development Branch, Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian 116023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yue Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, PR China; National Research and Development Branch, Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian 116023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yuefan Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, PR China; National Research and Development Branch, Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian 116023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yunhai He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, PR China; National Research and Development Branch, Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian 116023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Shu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, PR China; National Research and Development Branch, Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian 116023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Long Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, PR China; National Research and Development Branch, Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian 116023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, PR China
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15
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Jumina J, Mutmainah M, Purwono B, Kurniawan YS, Syah YM. Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Three Monosaccharide Monomyristate Derivatives. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203692. [PMID: 31615093 PMCID: PMC6832165 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial infections remains a serious challenge in food industries due to their resistance to some of the well-known antibacterial and antifungal agents. In this work, a novel monomyristoyl ester (fructosyl monomyristate) and two other derivatives (i.e., glucosyl and galactosyl monomyristates) were successfully synthesized from myristic acid and monosaccharides in two-step reactions. First, the myristic acid was converted to myristoyl chloride, and then the myristoyl chloride was reacted with fructose, glucose and galactose separately to produce the corresponding monosaccharide monomyristate derivatives. The structures of the synthesized products were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (1H- and 13C-NMR), and mass spectral (MS) data. The monomyristates esters were obtained in reaction yields of 45.80%-79.49%. The esters were then evaluated for their antimicrobial activity using the disc diffusion test. It was found that the esters exhibited a medium antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria; however, they showed a weak antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria. Amongst the esters, galactosyl myristate yielded the highest antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, while glucosyl monomyristate exhibited the highest antibacterial activity only against Escherichia coli. Additionally, all products showed remarkable antifungal activity against Candida albicans. These findings demonstrate that monosaccharide monomyristate derivatives are promising for use as biocompatible antimicrobial agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumina Jumina
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Mutmainah Mutmainah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Bambang Purwono
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Yehezkiel Steven Kurniawan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Yana Maolana Syah
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.
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16
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Tukenmez U, Aktas B, Aslim B, Yavuz S. The relationship between the structural characteristics of lactobacilli-EPS and its ability to induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells in vitro. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8268. [PMID: 31164685 PMCID: PMC6547643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44753-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most common cancer around the world. Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by lactobacilli as potential prebiotics have been found to have an anti-tumor effect. In this study, lyophilized EPSs of four Lactobacillus spp. for their impact on apoptosis in colon cancer cells (HT-29) was evaluated using flow cytometry. The relationship between capability of a lactobacilli-EPS to induce apoptosis and their monosaccharide composition, molecular weight (MW), and linkage type was investigated by HPLC, SEC, and NMR, respectively. Changes in apoptotic-markers were examined by qPCR and Western Blotting. EPSs were capable of inhibiting proliferation in a time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis via increasing the expression of Bax, Caspase 3 and 9 while decreasing Bcl-2 and Survivin. All EPSs contained mannose, glucose, and N-acetylglucosamine with different relative proportions. Some contained arabinose or fructose. MW ranged from 102-104Da with two or three fractions. EPS of L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus B3 having the highest amount of mannose and the lowest amount of glucose, showed the highest apoptosis induction. In conclusion, lactobacilli-EPSs inhibit cell proliferation in HT-29 via apoptosis. Results suggest that a relationship exists between the ability of EPS to induce apoptosis and its mannose and glucose composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Busra Aktas
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey.
| | - Belma Aslim
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yavuz
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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17
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Švarc-Gajić J, Cerdà V, Clavijo S, Suárez R, Zengin G, Cvetanović A. Chemical and bioactivity screening of subcritical water extracts of chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) stems. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 164:353-359. [PMID: 30439662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Subcritical water extracts of chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) stems were chemically and biologically characterised. Chemical profile was defined by GC-MS analysis whereas anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic and tyrosinase-inhibitory activities of the extracts were investigated by in vitro assays. Antioxidant activity assays revealed strong activity against DPPH radical (IC50 = 0.1 mg/mL) and reducing power (IC50 = 0.25 mg/mL). The extracts demonstrated remarkable amylase (0.59 mmol ACAE/g) and glucosidase (7.50 mmol ACAE/g) inhibitory effects. Anti-tyrosinase activity of aronia stem extracts obtained by subcritical water was calculated to be 15.87 mg KAE/g extract. GC-MS analysis of chokeberry stem subcritical water extracts revealed the presence of different chemical classes. The compounds present in the highest concentrations were polyols arabitol (13.7%), xylitol (3.5%), and glycerol (1.96%), as well as sugars such as fructose (3.04%), ribose (1.99%) and xylulose (1.18%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslava Švarc-Gajić
- Faculty of Technology, Department for Applied and Engineering Chemistry, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21 000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Víctor Cerdà
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry-LQA(2), University of Balearic Islands, Cra. Valldemosa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Sabrina Clavijo
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry-LQA(2), University of Balearic Islands, Cra. Valldemosa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ruth Suárez
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry-LQA(2), University of Balearic Islands, Cra. Valldemosa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Gökhan Zengin
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Aleksandra Cvetanović
- Faculty of Technology, Department for Applied and Engineering Chemistry, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21 000, Novi Sad, Serbia
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18
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Itoh T, Tamura K, Ueda H, Tanaka T, Sato K, Kuroda R, Aoki S. Design and synthesis of boron containing monosaccharides by the hydroboration of d-glucal for use in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5922-5933. [PMID: 30420329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is one of the radiotherapies that involves the use of boron-containing compounds for the treatment of cancer. Boron-10 (10B) containing compounds that can accumulate in tumor tissue are expected to be suitable agents for BNCT. We report herein on the design and synthesis of some new BNCT agents based on a d-glucose scaffold, since glycoconjugation has been recognized as a useful strategy for the specific targeting of tumors. To introduce a boryl group into a d-glucose scaffold, we focused on the hydroboration of d-glucal derivatives, which have a double bond between the C1 and C2 positions. It was hypothesized that a C-B bond could be introduced at the C2 position of d-glucose by the hydroboration of d-glucal derivatives and that the products could be stabilized by conversion to the corresponding boronic acid ester. To test this hypothesis, we prepared some 2-boryl-1,2-dideoxy-d-glucose derivatives as boron carriers and evaluated their cytotoxicity and cellular uptake activity to cancer cells, especially under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Itoh
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kei Tamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ueda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kyouhei Sato
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Reiko Kuroda
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shin Aoki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Division of Medical-Science-Engineering Cooperation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Imaging Frontier Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
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Xu L, Cai J, Tian A, Qian K, Qin R, Qi S, Tan X, Qiu Y, Gong M, Han B, Hu X. The Effect of Prim-O-Glucosylcimifugin on Tryptase-Induced Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Caco-2 Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1355-1361. [PMID: 29910215 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal barrier dysfunction is a critical pathological change in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin (POG) on intestinal barrier dysfunction and reveal possible molecular mechanisms. Human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2) cell monolayers induced by tryptase (TRYP) were used to establish an intestinal barrier dysfunction model. Caco-2 cell monolayers from both functional and dysfunctional samples were treated with POG (30, 60 and 120 µg/mL) for 2, 8, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h. The Caco-2 cell monolayers were assessed by measurement of trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and percentage of fluorescein permeation (PFP). The expression of Protease Activated Receptor 2 (PAR-2) and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) mRNA was analyzed by RT-PCR and the level of Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein expression was determined by Western blot. In addition, the impact of POG on the distribution of the tight juction protein of Occludin was performed by immunofluorescence. Our results showed that POG elevated the TEER and decreased the PFP of the functional Caco-2 cell monolayers, as well as the dysfunctional Caco-2 cell monolayers. Furthermore, POG inhibited the expression of PAR-2 mRNA and MLCK mRNA and increased the level of ZO-1 protein expression in dysfunctional Caco-2 cells. The distribution of the Occludin proteins was ameliorated simultaneously. This study demonstrates that POG can enhance the intestinal barrier function of Caco-2 cell monolayers by inhibiting the expression of PAR-2 and MLCK and up-regulating the expression of ZO-1 protein, and ameliorated the distribution of Occludin protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| | - Jieyi Cai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| | - Aofei Tian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kai Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| | - Renan Qin
- Guangzhou Baiyun Mountain Hutchison Whampoa Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd
| | - Shaoyun Qi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| | - Xupeng Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yuqin Qiu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| | - Mengjuan Gong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| | - Bin Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| | - Xuguang Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
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20
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Shimizu Y, Sagiya D, Matsui M, Fukui R. Zonal Soil Amendment with Simple Sugars to Elevate Soil C/N Ratios as an Alternative Disease Management Strategy for Rhizoctonia Damping-off of Sugar Beet. Plant Dis 2018; 102:1434-1444. [PMID: 30673559 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-16-1279-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Effects of monosaccharide-amended soils on suppression of Rhizoctonia damping-off of sugar beet were compared under controlled experiments. Suppressive effects of glucose, fructose, sorbose, and xylose were significantly (P < 0.001) greater than that of galactose or mannose but the effect of sorbose was reduced by soil treatments with antibiotics. Saprotrophic growth of Rhizoctonia solani in the laimosphere also was suppressed by glucose, fructose, sorbose, and xylose, whereas only sorbose repressed pericarp colonization. Sugar alcohols (mannitol, sorbitol, and xylitol) neither suppressed Rhizoctonia damping-off nor halted the saprotrophic growth of the pathogen. Seed germination was not affected by any of these six monosaccharides, whereas galactose and mannose inhibited seedling emergence significantly (P < 0.001) compared with the nontreated control or other monosaccharides. Soil fertilization with inorganic nitrogen at a C/N ratio of 20:1 negated the suppressive effects of glucose and fructose on both damping-off and saprotrophic colonization but improved seedling growth in carbonized soils. Obviously, microbial competition for mineral nitrogen was responsible for disease suppression; however, it delayed seedling growth after emergence. This paradox was resolved by adding glucose to the top 1-cm surface-soil zone at a C/N ratio of 50:1 or 125:1. This protected the laimosphere, resulting in effective disease suppression while complementarily enhancing seedling growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Shimizu
- Department of Agrobiology and Biosciences, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Daiki Sagiya
- Department of Agrobiology and Biosciences, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Mariko Matsui
- Department of Agrobiology and Biosciences, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Ryo Fukui
- Department of Agrobiology and Biosciences, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
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21
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Wen L, Zhao Y, Jiang Y, Yu L, Zeng X, Yang J, Tian M, Liu H, Yang B. Identification of a flavonoid C-glycoside as potent antioxidant. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 110:92-101. [PMID: 28587909 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids have been documented to have good antioxidant activities in vitro. However, reports on the cellular antioxidant activities of flavonoid C-glycosides are very limited. In this work, an apigenin C-glycoside was purified from Artocarpus heterophyllus by column chromatography and was identified to be 2″-O-β-D-xylosylvitexin by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The cellular antioxidant activity and anticancer activity of 2″-O-β-D-xylosylvitexin were evaluated for the first time. The quantitative structure-activity relationship was analysed by molecular modeling. Apigenin presented an unexpected cellular antioxidation behaviour. It had an antioxidant activity at low concentration and a prooxidant activity at high concentration, whereas 2″-O-β-D-xylosylvitexin showed a dose-dependent cellular antioxidant activity. It indicated that C-glycosidation improved the cellular antioxidation performance of apigenin and eliminated the prooxidant effect. The ortho-dihydroxyl at C-3'/C-4' and C-3 hydroxyl in the flavonoid skeleton play important roles in the antioxidation behaviour. The cell proliferation assay revealed a low cytotoxicity of 2″-O-β-D-xylosylvitexin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingrong Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yupeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Limei Yu
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Xiaofang Zeng
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Huiling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Bao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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22
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Yan F, Yang Y, Yu L, Zheng X. Effects of C-Glycosides from Apios americana Leaves against Oxidative Stress during Hyperglycemia through Regulating Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases and Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:7457-7466. [PMID: 28758742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Main components of Apios americana leaves extract (ALE) were flavonoid C-glycosides, including vitexin (46.7%), schaftoside (18.9%), and orientin (4.32%). In vitro, ALE restored glucose consumption, glucose uptake, and glycogen content in glucose-induced hepatic cells. Exposure of HepG2 cells to high glucose resulted in reactive oxygen species and O2- accumulation, while ALE alleviated these increases by 47 ± 0.68 and 68 ± 0.74%, respectively. Glucose increased c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and decreased extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and p38 phosphorylation, while ALE reduced p-JNK and p-p38 but not p-ERK1/2, accompanied by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1, and NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase 1 downregulation. In vivo, the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans was more violently shortened by paraquat under hyperglycemia, while ALE protected this damage in N2 worms (2.6 times extension) but not in daf-16 mutants. Furthermore, p38/PMK-1 and Nrf2/SKN-1 expressions in worms were suppressed by glucose, which were reversed by ALE treatment. These results suggest that ALE prevents glucose-induced damage via regulating specific mitogen-activated protein kinases and Nrf2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Yan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, ‡Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, and §Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, ‡Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, and §Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lushuang Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, ‡Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, and §Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, ‡Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, and §Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
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23
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Liu C, Dunaway-Mariano D, Mariano PS. Rational design of reversible inhibitors for trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatases. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 128:274-286. [PMID: 28192710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In some organisms, environmental stress triggers trehalose biosynthesis that is catalyzed collectively by trehalose 6-phosphate synthase, and trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase (T6PP). T6PP catalyzes the hydrolysis of trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P) to trehalose and inorganic phosphate and is a promising target for the development of antibacterial, antifungal and antihelminthic therapeutics. Herein, we report the design, synthesis and evaluation of a library of aryl d-glucopyranoside 6-sulfates to serve as prototypes for small molecule T6PP inhibitors. Steady-state kinetic techniques were used to measure inhibition constants (Ki) of a panel of structurally diverse T6PP orthologs derived from the pathogens Brugia malayi, Ascaris suum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Shigella boydii and Salmonella typhimurium. The binding affinities of the most active inhibitor of these T6PP orthologs, 4-n-octylphenyl α-d-glucopyranoside 6-sulfate (9a), were found to be in the low micromolar range. The Ki of 9a with the B. malayi T6PP ortholog is 5.3 ± 0.6 μM, 70-fold smaller than the substrate Michaelis constant. The binding specificity of 9a was demonstrated using several representative sugar phosphate phosphatases from the HAD enzyme superfamily, the T6PP protein fold family of origin. Lastly, correlations drawn between T6PP active site structure, inhibitor structure and inhibitor binding affinity suggest that the aryl d-glucopyranoside 6-sulfate prototypes will find future applications as a platform for development of tailored second-generation T6PP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Debra Dunaway-Mariano
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Patrick S Mariano
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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24
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Rahman MA, Park SH, Yu IJ. Effect of Monosaccharides in Glycerol-free Tris Extender on Reactive Oxygen Species and Apoptosis in Dog Sperm Cryopreservation. Cryo Letters 2017; 38:51-57. [PMID: 28376140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the effect of monosaccharides in a glycerol-free tris (GFT) extender on reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and apoptosis in cryopreserved dog spermatozoa. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sperm pellets were resuspended (5 × 107 mL-1) with GFT containing 172 mM glucose (G), 86 mM glucose + 86 mM fructose (GF), 86 mM glucose + 86 mM galactose (Gg), 172 mM fructose (F), 172 mM galactose (g) or 86 mM fructose + 86 mM galactose (Fg). The sperm (500 µL) were loaded in 0.5 mL straws and cooled for 50 min at 4 degree C. The straws were then frozen 7 cm from the surface of liquid nitrogen (LN2) for 20 min and were finally plunged into LN2. After freezing-thawing, the sperm motility and viability were evaluated. The ROS level (H2O2) and apoptosis index were assessed by using flow cytometry. RESULTS GFT supplemented with GF resulted in significantly higher (P < 0.05) progressive sperm motility and viability followed by only G, which had greater ROS reducing capacity. However, sperm cell apoptosis had no significant differences among all the experimental groups. CONCLUSION Cryopreservation of dog sperm in GFT containing GF yields more motile and viable sperm followed by only G, which has greater ROS reducing efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Rahman
- Laboratory of Theriogenology and Reproductive Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Park
- Laboratory of Theriogenology and Reproductive Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - I J Yu
- Laboratory of Theriogenology and Reproductive Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Zhang D, Han Y, Xu L. Upregulation of miR-124 by physcion 8-O-β-glucopyranoside inhibits proliferation and invasion of malignant melanoma cells via repressing RLIP76. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:166-176. [PMID: 27657824 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most malignant type of skin cancer. In recent years, mounting studies have evidenced the involvement of miRNAs in melanoma. One of these miRNAs, miR-124 has been found aberrantly downregulated in a variety of human malignancies. In this study, our results showed that the expression of miR-124 was significantly lower in malignant melanoma tissues and cell lines and miR-124 functioned as a tumor suppressor in melanoma. Moreover, our findings showed that miR-124 exerted anti-tumor effect by directly targeting RLIP76, a stress-inducible non-ABC transporter that plays a crucial role in the development of melanoma. Furthermore, our study also showed that physcion 8-O-β-glucopyranoside, a natural compound from medicinal plant, could inhibit the proliferation and invasion of melanoma cells by targeting miR-124/RLIP76 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Yantao Han
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
| | - Luo Xu
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
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26
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Ludwik KA, Campbell JP, Li M, Li Y, Sandusky ZM, Pasic L, Sowder ME, Brenin DR, Pietenpol JA, O'Doherty GA, Lannigan DA. Development of a RSK Inhibitor as a Novel Therapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2598-2608. [PMID: 27528706 PMCID: PMC5807013 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is an incurable disease and identification of novel therapeutic opportunities is vital. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) frequently metastasizes and high levels of activated p90RSK (RSK), a downstream MEK-ERK1/2 effector, are found in TNBC. We demonstrate, using direct pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of RSK1/2, that these kinases contribute to the TNBC metastatic process in vivo Kinase profiling showed that RSK1 and RSK2 are the predominant kinases targeted by the new inhibitor, which is based on the natural product SL0101. Further evidence for selectivity was provided by the observations that silencing RSK1 and RSK2 eliminated the ability of the analogue to further inhibit survival or proliferation of a TNBC cell line. In vivo, the new derivative was as effective as the FDA-approved MEK inhibitor trametinib in reducing the establishment of metastatic foci. Importantly, inhibition of RSK1/2 did not result in activation of AKT, which is known to limit the efficacy of MEK inhibitors in the clinic. Our results demonstrate that RSK is a major contributor to the TNBC metastatic program and provide preclinical proof-of-concept for the efficacy of the novel SL0101 analogue in vivo Mol Cancer Ther; 15(11); 2598-608. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Ludwik
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - J Preston Campbell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mingzong Li
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zachary M Sandusky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lejla Pasic
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Miranda E Sowder
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David R Brenin
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jennifer A Pietenpol
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - George A O'Doherty
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deborah A Lannigan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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27
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Lee JH, Kim HH, Ko JY, Jang JH, Kim GH, Lee JS, Nah JW, Jeon YJ. Rapid preparation of functional polysaccharides from Pyropia yezoensis by microwave-assistant rapid enzyme digest system. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 153:512-517. [PMID: 27561523 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.07.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a simple preparation of functional polysaccharides from Pyropia yezoensis using a microwave-assistant rapid enzyme digest system (MAREDS) with various carbohydrases, and evaluates their antioxidative effects. Polysaccharide hydrolysates were prepared using MAREDS under different hydrolytic conditions of the carbohydrases and microwave powers. Polysaccharides less than 10kDa (Low molecular weight polysaccharides, LMWP, ≤10kDa) were efficiently obtained using an ultrafiltration (molecular weight cut-off of 10kDa). MAREDS increases AMG activation via an increased degree of hydrolysis; the best AMG hydrolysate was prepared using a 10:1 ratio of substrate to enzyme for 2h in MAREDS with 400W. LMWP consisted of galactose (27.3%), glucose (64.5%), and mannose (8.3%) from the AMG hydrolysate had stronger antioxidant effects than the high molecular weight polysaccharides (>10kDa). We rapidly prepared functional LMWPs by using MAREDS with carbohydrases, and suggest that LMWP might be potentially a valuable algal polysaccharide antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyeok Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ho Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Ko
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Jang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gwang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Kongju 314-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Suck Lee
- Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woon Nah
- Department of High Polymer Engineering, Sunchon National University, Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Rehman SU, Choi MS, Kim IS, Luo Z, Xue Y, Yao G, Zhang Y, Yoo HH. In Vitro Assessment of CYP-Mediated Drug Interactions for Kinsenoside, an Antihyperlipidemic Candidate. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21060800. [PMID: 27322236 PMCID: PMC6274256 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinsenoside, the herb-derived medicine isolated from the plant Anoect chilus, has diverse pharmacological actions, and it is considered to be a promising antihyperlipidemic drug candidate. This study evaluates the effects of kinsenoside on CYP enzyme-mediated drug metabolism in order to predict the potential for kinsenoside-drug interactions. Kinsenoside was tested at different concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, and 100 µM in human liver microsomes. The c Cktail probe assay based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was conducted to measure the CYP inhibitory effect of kinsenoside. Subsequently, the metabolism profiles of amlodipine and lovastatin in human liver microsomes were analyzed following co-incubation with kinsenoside. The concentration levels of the parent drug and the major metabolites were compared with the kinsenoside-cotreated samples. The effect of kinsenoside was negligible on the enzyme activity of all the CYP isozymes tested even though CYP2A6 was slightly inhibited at higher concentrations. The drug-drug interaction assay also showed that the concomitant use of kinsenoside has a non-significant effect on the concentration of lovastatin or amlodipine, and their major metabolites. So, it was concluded that there is almost no risk of drug interaction between kinsenoside and CYP drug substrates via CYP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheed Ur Rehman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Korea.
| | - Min Sun Choi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Korea.
| | - In Sook Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Korea.
| | - Zengwei Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yongbo Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Guangming Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Hye Hyun Yoo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Korea.
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29
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Siddiqui F, Naqvi S, Abidi L, Faizi S, Avesi L, Mirza T, Farooq AD. Opuntia dillenii cladode: Opuntiol and opuntioside attenuated cytokines and eicosanoids mediated inflammation. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 182:221-234. [PMID: 26900126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHANOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Opuntia dillenii Haw (Nagphana) traditionally used against inflammation. The present study addressed the anti-inflammatory activity of O. dillenii derived methanol extract, fractions and pure compounds and their underlying mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS O. dillenii cladode methanol extract was subjected to vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) furnishing two main fractions viz (T-1 and -2) leading to isolation of opuntiol (aglycone) and opuntioside (O-glucoside), respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity of extract, fractions, pure compounds and reference drugs were evaluated using: (1) arachidonic acid (AA) and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema accompanied by histological studies of mice ear sections and phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-induced mice paw edema. (2) Carrageenan and glycogen-induced peritonitis in rodents. In parallel levels of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also determined via HPLC and fluoroemetrically using 2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) dye, respectively. Additionally, levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukins IL-1β and -6 were measured by ELISA assay. RESULTS O. dillenii methanol extract, fractions and pure compounds reduced AA and TPA-induced ear punch weight in a dose dependent fashion. The corresponding IC50 values obtained also suppressed inflammatory features observed histologically. Furthermore, paw edema and peritonitis were also attenuated. Similar to indomethacin and diclofenac sodium, opuntioside reduced PGE2 levels of inflamed ear which was comparatively 1.3× better than opuntiol. However, opuntiol was more potent in reducing LTB4 levels in rat neutrophils with an IC50 value of 19±3.3μΜ, while opuntioside was ineffective. Opuntiol also effectively suppressed ROS (37%) and cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β and -6) by ~50% and comparable to dexamethasone. CONCLUSIONS O. dillenii cladodes possess anti-inflammatory properties via inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolites and cytokines. Opuntiol (aglycone) emerged as a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipooxygenase (LOX) pathways. It also suppressed ROS and cytokine levels. However, opuntioside manifested its selectivity towards COX (PGE2) pathway without affecting LTB4 levels. The present report describing the anti-inflammatory activity of opuntiol and opuntioside for the first time thereby, supporting and justifying the traditional use of O. dillenii against inflammation and may serve as lead compound in designing of new anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheema Siddiqui
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Sabira Naqvi
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Lubna Abidi
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
| | - Shaheen Faizi
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Lubna Avesi
- Pathology Department, Dow International Medical College (DIMC), Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan.
| | - Talat Mirza
- Pathology Department, Dow International Medical College (DIMC), Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan.
| | - Ahsana Dar Farooq
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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Cheng KT, Wang YS, Chou HC, Chang CC, Lee CK, Juan SH. Kinsenoside-mediated lipolysis through an AMPK-dependent pathway in C3H10T1/2 adipocytes: Roles of AMPK and PPARα in the lipolytic effect of kinsenoside. Phytomedicine 2015; 22:641-647. [PMID: 26055129 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, more than one-third of the global population is overweight or obese, which is a risk factor for major causes of death including cardiovascular disease, numerous cancers, and diabetes. Kinsenoside, a major active component of Anoectochilus formosanus exhibits antihyperglycemic, antihyperliposis, and hepatoprotective effects and can be used to prevent and manage obesity. PURPOSE This study examined the catabolic effects of kinsenoside on lipolysis in adipocytes transformed from C3H10T1/2 cells. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS The lipolytic effect of kinsenoside in C3H10T1/2 adipocytes was evaluated by oil-red O staining and glycerol production. The underlying mechanisms were assessed by Western blots, chromatin immunoprecipitation (IP), Co-IP, EMSA and siRNAs verification. RESULTS We demonstrated that kinsenoside increased both adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)-mediated lipolysis, which was upregulated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, and the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and fatty acids that require transportation into mitochondria for further β-oxidation. We also demonstrated that kinsenoside increased the phosphorylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and CRE-binding protein (CREB), and the protein levels of silent information regulator T1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1) through an AMPK-dependent mechanism. SIRT1 deacetylated PGC-1α, facilitating AMPK-mediated PGC-1α phosphorylation and increasing the interaction of PPARα with its coactivator, PGC-1α. This interaction elevated the expression of CPT1, a shuttle for the mitochondrial transport of fatty acids, in kinsenoside-treated cells. In addition, AMPK-phosphorylation-mediated CREB activation caused kinsenoside-mediated PGC-1α upregulation. CONCLUSION AMPK activation not only elevated ATGL expression for lipolysis but also induced CPT1 expression for further mitochondrial translocation of fatty acids. The results suggested that the mechanism underlying the catabolic effects of kinsenoside on lipolysis and increased CPT1 induction was mediated through an AMPK-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kur-Ta Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shiou Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chu Chou
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Kuo Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Juan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Xu NG, Xiao ZJ, Zou T, Huang ZL. Ameliorative effects of physcion 8-O-β-glucopyranoside isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum on learning and memory in dementia rats induced by Aβ1-40. Pharm Biol 2015; 53:1632-1638. [PMID: 25856718 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.997251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. Et Zucc. (Polygonaceae) has been traditionally used in folk medicine to treat various diseases. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the ameliorative effects of physcion 8-O-β-glucopyranoside (PSG) isolated from P. cuspidatum on learning and memory in dementia rats induced by Aβ1-40. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dementia rats were prepared by intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ1-40. PSG (5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/d, for 5 d) was administered orally. Ameliorative activity of PSG in dementia rats was evaluated by the Morris water maze (MWM) test, and its mechanisms were explored by evaluating AchE activity, levels of DA, NE, and 5-HT in hippocampus, and drebrin protein expressions in hippocampus. RESULTS Our results indicated that PSG (5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/d) significantly inhibited the prolonged latency in dementia rats (p < 0.05), and inhibitory rates were 16.5, 22.7, 33.0, and 44.8% after 5 d of learning, indicating that PSG improves learning and memory of dementia rats. Furthermore, PSG significantly decreased AchE activity (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/d; p < 0.05), increased 5-HT (20 and 40 mg/kg/d, p < 0.05), NE (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/d; p < 0.05), and DA levels (5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg; p < 0.05) in the hippocampus. Additionally, PSG obviously decreased the Aβ contents in hippocampus (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/d; p < 0.05), and up-regulated drebrin protein expressions (5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/d; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS PSG can significantly enhance learning and memory in Aβ1-40-induced dementia rats, and the mechanisms may be related to increase levels of Ach, 5-HT, NE, and DA, decrease Aβ contents, and up-regulation of drebrin proteins in hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Gui Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of the Central South University , Changsha , China
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Zhang Y, Tang HM, Li A, Xu LF, Chen JN, Huang S, He L. [Determination of six C-Glycoside flavones and antitumor activity of water-soluble total flavonoids from Isodon lophanthoides var. gerardianus]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2015; 40:1543-1547. [PMID: 26281595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This research established an HPLC method for determination of six C-Glycoside flavones of warer-soluble total flavonoids from Isodon lophanthoides var. gerardianus (Benth.) H. Hara, and studied the antitumor activity of the warer-soluble total flavonoids. The HPLC system consisted of Kromasil 100-5 C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column and a solution system of methanol, acetonitrile and 0.5% formic acid gradient elution at a flow rate of 0. 8 mL x min(-1) and the wavelength of detector was at 334 nm. The column temperature was 25 degrees C. The antitumor activity of water-soluble flavonoids was assayed using HepG2 cell as the tested cell. The linear ranges of vicenin II, vicenin III, isoschaftoside, schaftoside, vitexin, 6, 8-di-C-a-L-arabinosylapigenin were 0.25-2.53, 0.12-1.20, 0.37-3.69, 0.16-1.63, 0.19-1.92, 0.14-1.42 microg, respectively. The average recoveries (n = 6) were 99.6% (RSD 0.87%), 100.2% (RSD 2.0%), 99.6% (RSD 1.8%), 97.9% (RSD 1.5%), 98.8% (RSD 1.2%), 98.6% (RSD 1.2%), respectively. After exposure in 24, 48, 72 h, the total flavonoids showed inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HepG2 cells with IC50 as the evaluation index, the IC50 values of 1.89, 1.71, 1.51 g x L(-1), respectively. The method is quick, simple and accurate with good re- producibility, and can be used for determination of vicenin II, vicenin III, isoschaftoside, schaftoside, vitexin, 6, 8-di-C-a-L-arabino- sylapigenin in the warer-soluble total flavonoids from L lophanthoides var. gerardianus. The warer-soluble total flavonoids from L lophanthoides have inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HepG2 cells.
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Zhang W, Zhang P, Sun H, Chen M, Lu S, Li P. Effects of various organic carbon sources on the growth and biochemical composition of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Bioresour Technol 2014; 173:52-58. [PMID: 25285759 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various organic carbon sources (glucose, galactose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, lactose and starch) on the growth and biochemical composition of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Monosaccharides were found to exert stronger stimulative effects on the algal growth than disaccharides and starch. After 10-day culture, addition of 0.5-5.0 g L(-1) glucose and galactose significantly reduced the cellular protein contents by 27.7-63.7% and 22.6-60.5%, respectively, and significantly increased the carbohydrate contents by 103.2-266.5% and 91.9-240.0%, respectively. However, addition of 0.5-5.0 g L(-1) disaccharides and starch did not significantly affect the contents of lipid, protein and carbohydrate. Similar to the normal nitrogen condition, the cellular biochemical composition was not significantly affected by addition of 3.0 g L(-1) disaccharides and starch under the low nitrogen condition. Finally, the significance of this work in the biotechnological application of mixotrophic cultivation of C. pyrenoidosa was further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Peiliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Maozhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Pengfu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Li J, Yu G, Fan J. Alditols and monosaccharides from sorghum vinegar can attenuate platelet aggregation by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-1 and thromboxane-A2 synthase. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 155:285-292. [PMID: 24877847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Vinegar has been used as both a common seasoning and a traditional Chinese medicine. Sorghum vinegar is an excellent source of physiological substances with multiple health benefits. AIM OF THIS STUDY To evaluate the antiplatelet aggregation activity of alditols and monosaccharides extracted from sorghum vinegar and analysis its mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Alditol and monosaccharide extract (AME) from sorghum vinegar was first evaluated for antiplatelet activity using the turbidimetric method. Blood was collected from healthy volunteer donors. The platelet aggregation was induced by arachidonic acid (AA), collagen, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and thrombin in vitro. AME was divided into three experimental groups with the concentration were 0.10, 0.25 and 0.50 mg/mL. In order to determine the inhibitory activity of AME on COX1, TXS and TXA2 production experiments were conducted using the COX1, TXS and TXB2 EIA kit. Computational docking was used to find the docking pose of monosaccharides and alditols with COX1. RESULTS AME showed significant induction of antiplatelet activity by arachidonic acid (AA), collagen, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and thrombin in a concentration-dependent manner (p<0.05). AME (0.50 mg/mL) reduced the AA-induced aggregation rate to 10.35%±0.46%, which was comparable to acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin, ASA) (0.50 mg/mL, 6.35%±0.58%), a medical standard. Furthermore, AME strongly inhibited cyclooxygenase-1 (COX1) and thromboxane-A2 synthase (TXS), and subsequently attenuated thromboxane-A2 (TXA2) production. These findings indicated that AME attenuates platelet aggregation through the AA metabolism pathway. Computational docking showed that alditols (L-erythritol, L-arabitol, xylitol and D-sorbitol), monosaccharides (D-glucopyranose, D-fructofuranonse, D-xylopyranose, D-galactopyranose and D-ribose), ethyl glucoside and 3,4-(methylenedioxy) mandelic acid could dock directly into the active site of COX1. CONCLUSION Alditols and monosaccharides from sorghum vinegar inhibit multiple steps in the platelet aggregation pathway, and may be beneficial for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, P.O.112, 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guoyong Yu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, P.O.112, 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junfeng Fan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, P.O.112, 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
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Abstract
We screened for immunoglobulin production stimulating factors (IPSFs) in polysaccharides using human-human hybridoma cells, HB4C5, cultured in serum-free medium. Among polysaccharides, citrus pectin, locust bean gum, and chitosan stimulated IgM production of HB4C5 cells. Especially chitosan showed the strongest IPSF activity; 100 ng/ml of chitosan stimulated IgM production approximately 5-fold. Chitosan had several characteristics as IPSF, as follows. 1) For the IPSF activity, 70-90% deacetylation was essential. 2) Chitosan oligomers (n = 5, 6, 7) and chitin oligomers (n = 5, 6, 7) showed no IPSF activities. 3) The IPSF activity of chitosan was inhibited by glucosamine, one of the constitutive sugars of chitosan. 4) Chitosan stimulated IgM production of human lymphocytes in serum-free culture, but not IgG or IgA, nor in serum-supplemented culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maeda
- Chugoku National Agricultural Experiment Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Hiroshima, Japan
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Shiota M, Yokomizo A, Takeuchi A, Itsumi M, Imada K, Kashiwagi E, Inokuchi J, Tatsugami K, Uchiumi T, Naito S. Inhibition of RSK/YB-1 signaling enhances the anti-cancer effect of enzalutamide in prostate cancer. Prostate 2014; 74:959-69. [PMID: 24740858 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we have shown that Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) regulates androgen receptor (AR) expression and contributes to castration resistance. However, the mechanism of YB-1 activation remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism and role of YB-1 activation in relation to castration resistance as well as enzalutamide resistance, with a view to developing a novel therapeutic concept for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treatment. METHODS The expression and phosphorylation levels of ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (RSK1), YB-1 and AR were examined by quantitative PCR and Western blotting using prostate cancer cells. In addition, the effects of YB-1 inhibition using specific siRNA and small molecule inhibitor SL0101 on AR expression as well as combination treatment with enzalutamide and SL0101 were examined. RESULTS We found that androgen deprivation, as well as treatment with the next-generation anti-androgen enzalutamide, induced RSK1 and YB-1 activation followed by AR induction, which could be reversed by YB-1 shutdown and RSK inhibitor SL0101. SL0101 and enzalutamide exerted a synergistic tumor-suppressive effect on cell proliferation in androgen-dependent prostate cancer LNCaP cells, as well as castration-resistant C4-2 cells. Furthermore, the phosphorylation levels of RSK1 and YB-1 were elevated in castration- and enzalutamide-resistant cells, compared with their parental cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings indicate that RSK1/YB-1 signaling contributes to castration as well as enzalutamide resistance, and that the therapeutic targeting of RSK1/YB-1 signaling would be a promising novel therapy against prostate cancer, especially CRPC when combined with enzalutamide.
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MESH Headings
- Benzamides
- Benzopyrans/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/physiology
- Drug Synergism
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Humans
- Male
- Monosaccharides/pharmacology
- Nitriles
- Phenylthiohydantoin/analogs & derivatives
- Phenylthiohydantoin/pharmacology
- Phosphorylation
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/chemistry
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa/antagonists & inhibitors
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa/genetics
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/genetics
- Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shiota
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Abstract
The dihydroxy C(50)-carotenoid, decaprenoxanthin, was produced by Aureobacterium sp. collected from sea water. The addition of D-psicose to the culture medium improved the growth of cells and the yield of the carotenoid. The (13)C-NMR spectrum of decaprenoxanthin, which has not previously been reported, was successfully measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Fukuoka
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST Shikoku, 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu 761-0395, Japan
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Xu W, Zhang T, Wang Z, Liu T, Liu Y, Cao Z, Sui Z. Two potent cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibitors found in Rhodiola rosea. Pharmazie 2013; 68:974-976. [PMID: 24400445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Throughout the world, in particular in Russia, Northern Europe and China, Rhodiola species are used as herb supplements. Previously, we found that the extract of Rhodiola rosea, one of the most widely used Rhodiola species, had an inhibitory effect on the catalytic activity of cytochrome P450 2D6. Here, its inhibitory components were identified. METHODS A human liver microsomal in vitro system was used with dextromethorphan as substrate. The production rate of destrorphan, a metabolite of dextromethorphan, was used to measure enzyme activity. The concentration of destrorphan in the samples was measured using LC-MS/MS. Inhibitory activity of eight main components from Rhodiola rosea was evaluated. RESULTS Rhodiosin and rhodionin showed inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 0.761 microM and 0.420 microM, respectively. The other components showed no obvious inhibition (with a residual enzyme activity of more than 90%). Both rhodiosin and rhodionin were determined to be non-competitive inhibitors with Ki values of 0.769 microM and 0.535 microM. CONCLUSION Two of the main Rhodiola rosea compounds, rhodiosin and rhodionin, can inhibit cytochrome P450 2D6 non-competitively with high specificity which could have implications for interactions with co-administered drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Zhongguo Sui
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, P. R. China
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Vongsak B, Gritsanapan W, Wongkrajang Y, Jantan I. In vitro inhibitory effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract and its major components on chemiluminescence and chemotactic activity of phagocytes. Nat Prod Commun 2013; 8:1559-1561. [PMID: 24427941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves and its major constituents, crypto-chlorogenic acid, quercetin 3-O-glucoside and kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, were investigated on the respiratory burst of human whole blood and isolated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) using a luminol-based chemiluminescence assay. The chemotactic migration of PMNs was also investigated using the Boyden chamber technique. The ethanol extract demonstrated inhibitory activities on the oxidative burst and the chemotactic migration of PMNs. Quercetin 3-O-glucoside, crypto-chlorogenic acid, and kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, isolated from the extract, expressed relatively strong inhibitory activity on the oxidative burst of PMNs with IC50 values of 4.1, 6.7 and 7.0 microM, respectively, comparable with that of aspirin. They also demonstrated strong inhibition of chemotatic migration of PMNs with IC50 values of 9.5, 15.9 and 18.2 microM, respectively. The results suggest that M. oleifera leaves could modulate the immune response of human phagocytes, linking to its ethnopharmacological use as an anti-inflammatory agent. The immunomodulating activity of the plant was mainly due to its major components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boonyadist Vongsak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wandee Gritsanapan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Yuvadee Wongkrajang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Drug and Herbal Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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Neise D, Sohn D, Stefanski A, Goto H, Inagaki M, Wesselborg S, Budach W, Stühler K, Jänicke RU. The p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) inhibitor BI-D1870 prevents gamma irradiation-induced apoptosis and mediates senescence via RSK- and p53-independent accumulation of p21WAF1/CIP1. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e859. [PMID: 24136223 PMCID: PMC3920941 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) family is a group of highly conserved Ser/Thr kinases that promote cell proliferation, growth, motility and survival. As they are almost exclusively activated downstream of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), therapeutic intervention by RSK inhibition is less likely to produce such severe side effects as those observed following inhibition of the upstream master regulators Raf, MEK and ERK1/2. Here, we report that BI-D1870, a potent small molecule inhibitor of RSKs, induces apoptosis, although preferentially, in a p21-deficient background. On the other hand, BI-D1870 also induces a strong transcription- and p53-independent accumulation of p21 protein and protects cells from gamma irradiation (γIR)-induced apoptosis, driving them into senescence even in the absence of γIR. Although we identified p21 in in vitro kinase assays as a novel RSK substrate that specifically becomes phosphorylated by RSK1-3 at Ser116 and Ser146, RNA-interference, overexpression and co-immunoprecipitation studies as well as the use of SL0101, another specific RSK inhibitor, revealed that BI-D1870 mediates p21 accumulation via a yet unknown pathway that, besides its off-site targets polo-like kinase-1 and AuroraB, also does also not involve RSKs. Thus, this novel off-target effect of BI-D1870 should be taken into serious consideration in future studies investigating the role of RSKs in cellular signaling and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Neise
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - D Sohn
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - A Stefanski
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, BMFZ, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - H Goto
- Aichi Cancer Center, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
| | - M Inagaki
- Aichi Cancer Center, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
| | - S Wesselborg
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - W Budach
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - K Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, BMFZ, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - R U Jänicke
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
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Yuan JG, Wu HX, Lu ML, Song GP, Xu HH. Synthesis of a series of monosaccharide-fipronil conjugates and their phloem mobility. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:4236-41. [PMID: 23586601 DOI: 10.1021/jf400888c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To test the effect of adding different monosaccharide groups to a non-phloem-mobile insecticide on the phloem mobility of the insecticide, a series of conjugates of different monosaccharides and fipronil were synthesized using the trichloroacetimidate method. Phloem mobility tests in castor bean ( Ricinus communis L.) seedlings indicated that the phloem mobility of these conjugates varied markedly. L-Rhamnose-fipronil and D-fucose-fipronil displayed the highest phloem mobility among all of the tested conjugates. Conjugating hexose, pentose, or deoxysugar to fipronil through an O-glycosidic linkage can confer phloem mobility to fipronil in R. communis L. effectively, while the -OH orientation of the monosaccharide substantially affected the phloem mobility of the conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China
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Yu L, Chen C, Wang LF, Kuang X, Liu K, Zhang H, Du JR. Neuroprotective effect of kaempferol glycosides against brain injury and neuroinflammation by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and STAT3 in transient focal stroke. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55839. [PMID: 23437066 PMCID: PMC3577792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic brain injury is associated with neuroinflammatory response, which essentially involves glial activation and neutrophil infiltration. Transcription factors nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) contribute to ischemic neuroinflammatory processes and secondary brain injury by releasing proinflammatory mediators. Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (KRS) and kaempferol-3-O- glucoside (KGS) are primary flavonoids found in Carthamus tinctorius L. Recent studies demonstrated that KRS protected against ischemic brain injury. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Flavonoids have been reported to have antiinflammatory properties. Herein, we explored the effects of KRS and KGS in a transient focal stroke model. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 hours followed by 22 h reperfusion. An equimolar dose of KRS or KGS was administered i.v. at the beginning of reperfusion. The results showed that KRS or KGS significantly attenuated the neurological deficits, brain infarct volume, and neuron and axon injury, reflected by the upregulation of neuronal nuclear antigen-positive neurons and downregulation of amyloid precursor protein immunoreactivity in the ipsilateral ischemic hemisphere. Moreover, KRS and KGS inhibited the expression of OX-42, glial fibrillary acidic protein, phosphorylated STAT3 and NF-κB p65, and the nuclear content of NF-κB p65. Subsequently, these flavonoids inhibited the expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, matrix metallopeptidase 9, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and myeloperoxidase. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that postischemic treatment with KRS or KGS prevents ischemic brain injury and neuroinflammation by inhibition of STAT3 and NF-κB activation and has the therapeutic potential for the neuroinflammation-related diseases, such as ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University “985 Projects – Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Novel Drug Development and Translational Neuroscience Center”, Chengdu, China
- Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chu Chen
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang-Fen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University “985 Projects – Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Novel Drug Development and Translational Neuroscience Center”, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University “985 Projects – Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Novel Drug Development and Translational Neuroscience Center”, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University “985 Projects – Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Novel Drug Development and Translational Neuroscience Center”, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University “985 Projects – Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Novel Drug Development and Translational Neuroscience Center”, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-Rong Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University “985 Projects – Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Novel Drug Development and Translational Neuroscience Center”, Chengdu, China
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Zhao H, Blagg BSJ. Novobiocin analogues with second-generation noviose surrogates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 23:552-7. [PMID: 23234644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hsp90 is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer. Novobiocin is the first Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitor ever identified and recent structure-activity relationship studies on the noviose sugar identified several commercially available amines as suitable surrogates. In an effort to further understand this region of the molecule, analogues containing various N'-amino substituents were prepared and evaluated against two breast cancer cell lines for determination of their efficacy. Compound 37j manifested the most potent anti-proliferative activity from these studies and induced Hsp90-dependent client protein degradation at mid nano-molar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Malott 4070, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7563, USA
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Wu CH, Li KJ, Siao SC, Chen YH, Wu TH, Tsai CY, Yu CL. The binding affinity and molecular basis of the structure-binding relationship between urinary Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein and tumor necrosis factor-α. Molecules 2012; 17:11978-89. [PMID: 23060289 PMCID: PMC6268941 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171011978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study we noted significant THP binding to TNF-α, but did not explore the molecular basis of the structure-binding relationship. In this study, we used lectin-binding ELISA to assess the carbohydrate compositions of THP, BSA, IgG, TNF-α, and IFN-g. We identified β(1,4)-N-acetylglucosamine oligomers (GlcNAc) and GlcNAc/branched mannose in BSA, IgG, TNF-α, and THP, but not in IFN-g. These carbohydrate moieties mediated binding with THP. Small amounts of Siaα(2,3)Gal/ GalNAc, Sia(2,6)Gal/GalNAc, and mannose residues were also present in THP and TNF-α. Binding affinity (K(d)) between THP and TNF-α by Scatchard plot analysis was 1.4-1.7 × 10⁻⁶ M, lower than antigen-antibody or ligand-receptor binding affinities. To elucidate the structure-binding relationship of THP-TNF-α, THP was digested with neuraminidase, β-galactosidase, O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase, carboxypeptidase Y, or proteinase K. β-galactosidase increased binding capacity of THP for TNF-α. Monosaccharide inhibition suggested that α-methyl-D-mannoside, GlcNAc, and GalNAc, but not sialic acid, suppress THP-TNF-α binding as detected by ELISA. We conclude that sugar-lectin and sugar-protein interactions between cognate sites in THP and TNF-α mediate their binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, No.7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jen Li
- Institute of Clinical medicine, National Yang-Ming University College of Medicine, No.155 Li-Nong Street, Shih-Pai, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Sue-Cien Siao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No.7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No.7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Hung Wu
- Section of Nephrology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201 Section 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Youh Tsai
- Section of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201 Section 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Li Yu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No.7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Rasmussen S, Liu Q, Parsons AJ, Xue H, Sinclair B, Newman JA. Grass-endophyte interactions: a note on the role of monosaccharide transport in the Neotyphodium lolii-Lolium perenne symbiosis. New Phytol 2012; 196:7-12. [PMID: 22803786 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Rasmussen
- AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, PB 11008, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- (Author for correspondence: tel +64 6 351 8182; email )
| | - Qianhe Liu
- AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, PB 11008, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Anthony J Parsons
- Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Hong Xue
- AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, PB 11008, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Bruce Sinclair
- AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, PB 11008, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan A Newman
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
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Merzouki A, Buschmann MD, Jean M, Young RS, Liao S, Gal S, Li Z, Slilaty SN. Adva-27a, a novel podophyllotoxin derivative found to be effective against multidrug resistant human cancer cells. Anticancer Res 2012; 32:4423-4432. [PMID: 23060568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Multidrug resistance poses a serious challenge in cancer therapy. To address this problem, we designed and synthesized Adva-27a, a novel non-ester GEM-difluorinated C-glycoside derivative of podophyllotoxin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adva-27a activity was evaluated in a variety of assays including inhibition of topoisomerase IIα, cytotoxic activity in drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cell lines, metabolic stability in human liver microsomes and pharmacokinetic properties in rats. RESULTS Adva-27a exhibited dose-dependent human topoisomerase IIα inhibitory activity and dose-dependent growth inhibitory activity in several drug-sensitive and two multidrug-resistant cancer cell lines. In the multidrug-resistant cell lines, MCF-7/MDR (breast cancer) and H69AR (small-cell lung cancer), Adva-27a was significantly more potent than etoposide. The metabolic stability of Adva-27a in human liver microsomes and its pharmacokinetic properties in rats were better than those of etoposide. CONCLUSION Our studies have identified Adva-27a as a novel topoisomerase II inhibitor with superior cytotoxic activity against multidrug-resistant human cancer cells and more desirable pharmacokinetic properties than etoposide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrazzak Merzouki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, PO Box 6079, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3A7.
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Shen DY, Chao CH, Chan HH, Huang GJ, Hwang TL, Lai CY, Lee KH, Thang TD, Wu TS. Bioactive constituents of Clausena lansium and a method for discrimination of aldose enantiomers. Phytochemistry 2012; 82:110-117. [PMID: 22818357 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Glycosides, clausenosides A and B, and carbazole alkaloids, clausenaline A, claulamine A, and claulamine B, together with 50 known compounds, were isolated from the stems of Clausena lansium. Their structures were determined by means of spectroscopic methods, including that of CD and 1D/2D NMR analysis. Claulamine A has a 1-oxygenated carbazole skeleton with a rare 2,3-lactone ring, and claulamine B represents an hitherto unknown acetal carbazole alkaloid. Thirty-one of the isolated known compounds were evaluated in various assays for anti-inflammatory activity. Among them, imperatorin, isoheraclenin, and osthol exhibited selective and potent inhibition of formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB)-induced superoxide anion generation, and lansiumarin C also decreased nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages. In addition, a modified HPLC method of pre-column derivatization was developed that is more practical for simultaneous analysis of aldose enantiomers as compared to the literature method. The absolute configurations of the sugar moieties in clausenosides A and B were determined with this modified method.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Yang Shen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article aims at reviewing the recent findings that have been made concerning the crosstalk of carbohydrate metabolism with the generation of small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, which are known to be associated with an adverse cardiovascular risk profile. RECENT FINDINGS Studies conducted during the past few years have quite unanimously shown that the quantity of carbohydrates ingested is associated with a decrease of LDL particle size and an increase in its density. Conversely, diets that aim at a reduction of carbohydrate intake are able to improve LDL quality. Furthermore, a reduction of the glycaemic index without changing the amount of carbohydrates ingested has similar effects. Diseases with altered carbohydrate metabolism, for example, type 2 diabetes, are associated with small, dense LDL particles. Finally, even the kind of monosaccharide the carbohydrate intake consists of is important concerning LDL particle size: fructose has been shown to alter the LDL particle subclass profile more adversely than glucose in many recent studies. SUMMARY LDL particle quality, rather than its quantity, is affected by carbohydrate metabolism, which is of clinical importance, in particular, in the light of increased carbohydrate consumption in today's world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp A Gerber
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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El-Sadek MM, Hassan SY, El-Dayem NSA, Yacout GA. 5-(5-Aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-carbonyl)furan-3-carboxylate and new cyclic C-glycoside analogues from carbohydrate precursors with MAO-B, antimicrobial and antifungal activities. Molecules 2012; 17:7010-27. [PMID: 22678415 PMCID: PMC6268659 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17067010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclization of acyclic C-glycoside derivatives 1a,b to 2a,b as the major isomers, and 4a,b as the minor isomers were carried out. The isopropylidene derivatives 3a,b were prepared, as well as the hydrazide derivative 6, which was condensed with a variety of aldehydes to give hydrazones 7a–e which were also prepared from the compounds 12a–e. Acetylation of 7a,d gave the corresponding acetyl derivatives 8a,d, respectively. In addition, the dicarbonyl compound 9 was prepared in the hydrate form, which reacted with a number of aroylhydrazines to give the corresponding bisaroyl-hydrazones 10a–d, which were cyclized into 1,3,4-oxadiazoles 11a–d. Furthermore, two of the prepared compounds were examined to show the ability to activate MAO-B. In addition a number of prepared compounds showed antibacterial and antiviral activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mohamed El-Sadek
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21231, Egypt; (S.Y.H.); (N.S.A.E.-D.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +20-01-006-544-617; Fax: +20-3-593-2488
| | - Seham Yassen Hassan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21231, Egypt; (S.Y.H.); (N.S.A.E.-D.)
| | - Nagwa Said Abd El-Dayem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21231, Egypt; (S.Y.H.); (N.S.A.E.-D.)
| | - Galila Ahmed Yacout
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21231, Egypt;
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Wan HX, Shen JK. [Research progress of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors for treatment of type 2 diabetes]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2012; 47:716-724. [PMID: 22919717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose co-transporters are a family of glucose transporter found in the intestinal mucosa of the small intestine (SGLT-2) and the proximal tubule of the nephron (SGLT-1 and SGLT-2). They contribute to renal glucose reabsorption and most of renal glucose (about 90%) is reabsorbed by SGLT-2 located in the proximal renal tubule. Selectively inhibiting activity of SGLT-2 is an innovative therapeutic strategy for treatment of type 2 diabetes by enhancing urinary glucose excretion from the body. Therefore SGLT-2 inhibitors are considered to be potential antidiabetic drugs with an unique mechanism. This review will highlight some recent advances and structure-activity relationships in the discovery and development of SGLT-2 inhibitors including O-glycoside, C-glycoside, C, O-spiro glycoside and non glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xin Wan
- Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceutical Holding Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
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