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Sholter D, Bensen W, Choquette D, Fortin I, Arendse R, Kelsall J, Sheriff M, Faraawi R, Rodrigues J, Zummer M, Dixit S, Starr M, Rampakakis E, Sampalis J, Nantel F, Shawi M, Otawa S, Lehman A. AB1044 Are There Gender Specific Differences in Patient Reported Outcomes at Initiation of Golimumab Treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis? Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Haraoui B, Jovaisas A, Bensen W, Faraawi R, Kelsall J, Dixit S, Rodrigues J, Sheriff M, Rampakakis E, Sampalis J, Lehman A, Otawa S, Nantel F, Shawi M. SAT0035 Impact of Corticosteroid Use on Remission Sustainability and Infection Rates among Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients in Remission While on Infliximab: Treatment Implications Based on A Real-World Population. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Arendse R, Bensen W, Chow A, Rodrigues J, Dixit S, Sholter D, Baer P, Baker M, Choquette D, Fortin I, Jovaisas A, Rampakakis E, Sampalis J, Nantel F, Otawa S, Shawi M, Lehman A. SAT0083 Does Specific Joint Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients PREDICT Patient Reported Outcomes? Implications for Clinical Practice. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.5185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Thorne C, Bensen W, Dixit S, Faraawi R, Sholter D, Sheriff M, Baer P, Choquette D, Haraoui B, Jovaisas A, Rampakakis E, Sampalis J, Shawi M, Nantel F, Lehman A, Otawa S. AB0228 Variability in Patient Characteristics and Outcomes in Rheumatoid Arthritis upon Infliximab Treatment Based on the Size of the Biologic Treatment Registry Site. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Dixit S, Hatfield P, Clenton S, Loughrey C, Hingorani M. Outcomes in Patients with Recurrent/Progressive Glioblastoma Treated with Bevacizumab Funded by a Regional Cancer Drug Fund. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2014; 26:238-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Jubulis J, Kinikar A, Ithape M, Khandave M, Dixit S, Hotalkar S, Kulkarni V, Mave V, Gupte N, Kagal A, Jain S, Bharadwaj R, Gupta A. Modifiable risk factors associated with tuberculosis disease in children in Pune, India. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2014; 18:198-204. [PMID: 24429313 PMCID: PMC4487622 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.13.0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING India accounts for the largest burden of tuberculosis (TB) worldwide, with 26% of the world's cases. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between novel modifiable risk factors and TB in Indian children. DESIGN Cases were children aged ≤ 5 years with confirmed/probable TB based on World Health Organization definitions (definition 1). Controls were healthy children aged ≤ 5 years. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of being a TB case given exposure, including indoor air pollution (IAP; exposure to tobacco smoke and/or biomass fuels) and vitamin D deficiency. Cases were re-analyzed according to a new consensus research definition of pediatric TB (definition 2). RESULTS Sixty cases and 118 controls were enrolled. Both groups had high levels of vitamin D deficiency (55% vs. 50%, P = 0.53). In multivariable analysis, TB was associated with household TB exposure (aOR 25.41, 95%CI 7.03-91.81), household food insecurity (aOR 11.55, 95%CI 3.33-40.15) and IAP exposure (aOR 2.67, 95%CI 1.02-6.97), but not vitamin D deficiency (aOR 1.00, 95%CI 0.38-2.66). Use of definition 2 reduced the number of cases to 25. In multivariate analysis, TB exposure, household food insecurity and IAP remained associated with TB. CONCLUSIONS Household TB exposure, exposure to IAP and household food insecurity were independently associated with pediatric TB.
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Dixit S, Dubey A, Kant S, Tiwari S. A study on a gender based comparative association between dietary intake and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dubey A, Dixit S, Kant S, Tiwari S. A study on association between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and epworth sleepiness score (ESS), physical and mental components related with quality of life (QOL). Sleep Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Landen O, Edwards J, Haan S, Lindl J, Boehly T, Bradley D, Callahan D, Celliers P, Dewald E, Dixit S, Doeppner T, Eggert J, Farley D, Frenje J, Glenn S, Glenzer S, Hamza A, Hammel B, Haynam C, LaFortune K, Hicks D, Hoffman N, Izumi N, Jones O, Kilkenny J, Kline J, Kyrala G, Mackinnon A, Milovich J, Moody J, Meezan N, Michel P, Munro D, Olson R, Ralph J, Robey H, Nikroo A, Regan S, Spears B, Suter L, Thomas C, Town R, Wilson D, MacGowan B, Atherton L, Moses E. Ignition tuning for the National Ignition Campaign. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20135901003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Eder D, Bailey D, Chambers F, Darnell I, Nicola PD, Dixit S, Fisher A, Gururangan G, Kalantar D, Koniges A, Liu W, Marinak M, Masters N, Mlaker V, Prasad R, Sepke S, Whitman P. Observations and modeling of debris and shrapnel impacts on optics and diagnostics at the National Ignition Facility. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20135908010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Dixit S, Chinchale R, Govalkar S, Mukhopadhyay S, Shenoy KT, Rao H, Ghosh SK. A Mathematical Model for Size and Number Scale Up of Hollow Fiber Modules for the Recovery of Uranium from Acidic Nuclear Waste using the DLM Technique. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2013.807825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Dixit S, Jackson R, Kamkar M, Davis DR. Lentiviral-Mediated Knockdown of Interleukin 6 in Human Cardiac Stem Cells Enhances Angiogenesis and Decreases Recruitment of Resident Stem Cells. Can J Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.07.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Khan MA, Gaur RL, Dixit S, Saleemuddin M, Murthy PK. Responses ofMastomys coucha, that have been infected withBrugia malayiand treated with diethylcarbamazine or albendazole, to re-exposure to infection. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2013; 98:817-30. [PMID: 15667714 DOI: 10.1179/136485904x12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The responses of Mastomys coucha to re-exposure to infection with homologous infective larvae (L(3)) of Brugia malayi were investigated, after initial infections with the nematode had been treated subcutaneously for 5 days with diethylcarbamazine (DEC; 150 mg citrate/kg. day) or albendazole (ALB; 50 mg/kg. day). The parasite burdens, serum concentrations of IgG reacting with a soluble somatic extract of adult B. malayi (BmAS), and cytokine and lymphocyte-proliferative responses to filarial antigen (BmAS) or mitogen (concanavilin A or lipopolysaccharide) were studied. The results demonstrated, for the first time, that re-infection with L(3) was only successful in the DEC-treated animals, not the ALB-treated ones. When the ALB-treated animals were re-exposed, interferon-gamma production decreased, lymphocyte-proliferative responses either remained the same (with concanavilin A) or decreased (with BmAS), and concentrations of specific IgG decreased. When the DEC-treated animals were re-exposed, microfilaraemias re-appeared and, although production of interferon-gamma decreased, there were no detectable lymphocyte proliferative responses, and concentrations of specific IgG remained unchanged. Taken together, the results indicate that, at least in the M. coucha model of human filariasis, ALB but not DEC treatment may help to prevent the development of re-infections.
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Shaikh S, Bensen WG, Chow A, Dixit S, Fortin I, Haraoui B, Marina RB, Kayhan C, Little K, Purcaru O, Bessette L. AB0288 Safety, effectiveness, work and household productivity of anti-tnf alpha therapy with certolizumab pegol observed in adult rheumatoid arthritis patients in daily practice in canada: first interim analysis of the non-interventional fast can study. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.2610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Haraoui B, Jovaisas A, Bensen WG, Faraawi R, Kelsall J, Dixit S, Rampakakis E, Sampalis JS, Nantel F, Otawa S, Lehman AJ, Shawi M. THU0179 Corticosteroid Use in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients on Infliximab: Treatment Implications Based on a Real-World Canadian Population. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bensen WG, Jovaisas A, Thorne C, Baer P, Khraishi M, Dixit S, Choquette D, Starr M, Fortin I, Sholter D, Rampakakis E, Sampalis JS, Lehman AJ, Nantel F, Shawi M, Otawa S. SAT0035 Variability in the Classification of Remission among Disease Activity Indices and Their Correlation: An Analysis From a Prospective, Observational Registry. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Thorne C, Khraishi M, Haraoui B, Rodrigues J, Jovaisas A, Choquette D, Dixit S, Sholter D, Baer P, Sheriff M, Rampakakis E, Sampalis JS, Nantel F, Lehman A, Shawi M, Otawa S. THU0131 Correlation of Individual HAQ Questions with Outcome Measures in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Implications for Instrument Reduction. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Yousaf J, Hills C, Dixit S, Achawal S, O'Brien D, Greenman J, Scott IS. Markers of cell division cycle in glioblastoma: significance in prediction of treatment response and patient prognosis. Br J Neurosurg 2013; 27:752-8. [PMID: 23477614 DOI: 10.3109/02688697.2013.773287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether expression of regulatory components of the cell division cycle can be used independently to predict survival and response to adjuvant therapy in glioblastomas. METHOD A tissue micro-array, constructed using glioblastomas (n = 66), was stained using antibodies against minichromosome maintenance protein-2 (Mcm-2), expressed throughout the cell-division cycle; geminin, a protein that prevents re-initiation of DNA replication; and cyclin A, an S-phase cyclin. A semi-quantitative labelling index (LI) was calculated using an average of 18 high-power fields (hpf) in three replicate cores. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 50) underwent surgery and radiotherapy with 24 patients receiving temozolomide, and Group 2 (n = 16) received surgical treatment only. RESULTS The LIs (median +/- IQR) for Group 1 were as follows: Mcm-2, 36.7% (22.9%-51.8%); geminin, 7.8% (5.8%-10.5%); and cyclin A, 4.2% (2.4%-6.9%). Elevated LIs, higher than the median, for geminin and cyclin A correlated with prolonged survival when the tumours received adjuvant therapy (Kaplan-Meier curves, p = 0.0046 and p = 0.0063 for geminin and cyclin A, respectively). Linear regression analysis revealed positive correlations with survival for Mcm-2 (p = 0.0376), geminin (p = 0.0006) and cyclin A (p = 0.004). In Group 2, there was no relationship between the patient survival and the LI for any marker. CONCLUSIONS Geminin and cyclin A, each show potential as independent prognostic markers in glioblastomas receiving adjuvant therapy. This may reflect the fact that both geminin and cyclin A estimate proliferating tumour cell subpopulations sensitive to radio/chemotherapy. These markers could provide valuable prognostic information, even in small biopsies, especially if combined with O(6)MGMT expression and 1p;19q deletion status.
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Nicholson B, Picton S, Chumas P, Dixit S, van Laar M, Loughrey C, O'Reilly G, Stark D, Feltbower R. Changes in the Patterns of Care of Central Nervous System Tumours Among 16–24 Year Olds and the Effect on Survival in Yorkshire Between 1990 and 2009. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Howell M, Mallela J, Wang C, Ravi S, Dixit S, Garapati U, Mohapatra S. Manganese-loaded lipid-micellar theranostics for simultaneous drug and gene delivery to lungs. J Control Release 2013; 167:210-8. [PMID: 23395689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gadolinium (Gd) contrast agents are predominantly used for T(1) MR imaging. However, the high toxicity of Gd(3+) and potential side effects including nephrogenic systemic fibrosis have led to the search for alternative T(1) contrast agents. Since manganese (Mn) has paramagnetic properties with five unpaired electrons that permit high spin number, long electronic relaxation times, and labile water exchange, we evaluated Mn as a T(1) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent for lung imaging. Here we report on the design and synthesis of multifunctional lipid-micellar nanoparticles (LMNs) containing Mn oxide (M-LMNs) for MRI that can also be used for DNA and drug delivery. Oleic acid-coated MnO nanoparticles were encapsulated in micelles composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG-2000), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), DC-cholesterol, and dioleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE). The particles are taken up in vitro by human embryonic kidney (HEK293), Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC1), and A549 cells and are devoid of cytotoxicity. When administered to mice intranasally, they preferentially accumulate in the lungs. In vitro phantom and ex vivo lung MRI results confirmed that M-LMNs are able to enhance T(1) MRI contrast. M-LMNs loaded with plasmid DNA and/or doxorubicin are efficiently taken up by HEK293 cells in vitro and by target cells in vivo. Taken together, these results demonstrate that M-LMNs are capable of simultaneously providing MRI contrast and DNA and/or drug delivery to target cells in the lung and therefore may prove useful as a lung theranostic, especially for lung cancers.
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Robey H, Celliers P, Kline J, Mackinnon A, Boehly T, Landen O, Eggert J, Hicks D, Pape SL, Farley D, Bowers M, Krauter K, Munro D, Jones O, Milovich J, Clark D, Spears B, Town RJ, Haan SW, Dixit S, Schneider M, Dewald E, Widmann K, Moody J, Döppner T, Radousky H, Nikroo A, Kroll J, Hamza A, Horner J, Bhandarkar S, Dzenitis E, Alger E, Giraldez E, Castro C, Moreno K, Haynam C, LaFortune K, Widmayer C, Shaw M, Jancaitis K, Parham T, Holunga D, Walters C, Haid B, Malsbury T, Trummer D, Coffee K, Burr B, Berzins L, Choate C, Brereton S, Azevedo S, Chandrasekaran H, Glenzer S, Caggiano J, Knauer J, Frenje J, Casey D, Johnson MG, Séguin FH, Young B, Edwards M, Wonterghem BV, Kilkenny J, MacGowan B, Atherton L, Lindl J, Meyerhofer D, Moses E. Shock timing on the National Ignition Facility: The first precision tuning series. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20135902005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Celliers P, Robey H, Boehly T, Alger E, Azevedo S, Berzins L, Bhandarkar S, Bowers M, Brereton S, Callahan D, Castro C, Chandrasekaran H, Choate C, Clark D, Coffee K, Datte P, Dewald E, DiNicola P, Dixit S, Döppner T, Dzenitis E, Edwards M, Eggert J, Fair J, Farley D, Frieders G, Gibson C, Giraldez E, Haan S, Haid B, Hamza A, Haynam C, Hicks D, Holunga D, Horner J, Jancaitis K, Jones O, Kalantar D, Kline J, Krauter K, Kroll J, LaFortune K, Pape SL, Malsbury T, Mapoles E, Meezan N, Milovich J, Moody J, Moreno K, Munro D, Nikroo A, Olson R, Parham T, Pollaine S, Radousky H, Ross G, Sater J, Schneider M, Shaw M, Smith R, Sterne P, Thomas C, Throop A, Town R, Trummer D, Wonterghem BV, Walters C, Widmann K, Widmayer C, Young B, Atherton L, Collins G, Landen O, Lindl J, MacGowan B, Meyerhofer D, Moses E. Shock timing on the National Ignition Facility: First experiments. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20135902004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Dixit S, Singh DP. Phycoremediation of lead and cadmium by employing Nostoc muscorum as biosorbent and optimization of its biosorption potential. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2013; 15:801-813. [PMID: 23819276 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2012.735290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports the influence of different factors on the sorption of Pb and Cd by Nostoc muscorum. The results showed that extent of Pb and Cd removal by N. muscorum cells increased with increasing biosorbent dose, but exhibited decline in the adsorption capacity. The maximum sorption of Cd (85.2%) and Pb (93.3%) was achieved at 60 and 80 microg/ml concentrations of respective metal, within 30 and 15 min, respectively. The result revealed that optimum biosorption of Pb and Cd occurred at pH 5 and 6, respectively, at 40 degrees C temperature. Presence of binary metals (both Pb and Cd) in a solution showed that the presence of one metal ion resulted into decreased sorption of other metal ion. The presence of Ca and EDTA showed significant decrease in the sorption of Pb and Cd, while other anions and cations did not show significant effect on the biosorption of both the metals. Maximum desorption of Pb and Cd was achieved in the presence of EDTA and HNO3, respectively. Results also showed that the test biosorbent could be repeatedly used up to six biosorption/desorption cycles without significant loss of its initial metal adsorption capacity.
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Dhar P, Dixit S, Mehra RD. ISDN2012_0284: GSH mediated antioxidant role of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) in arsenic induced developmental neurotoxicity. Int J Dev Neurosci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2012.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Hingorani M, Colley WP, Dixit S, Beavis AM. Hypofractionated radiotherapy for glioblastoma: strategy for poor-risk patients or hope for the future? Br J Radiol 2012; 85:e770-81. [PMID: 22919020 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/83827377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with glioblastoma (GBM) remains poor, and the use of hyperfractionation or dose escalation beyond 60 Gy has not conferred any survival benefit. More recently, hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) has been employed as a novel approach for achieving dose escalation, with interesting results. We present here a systematic overview of the role and development of HFRT as a possible therapeutic strategy in patients with GBM. We searched the PubMed database for studies published since 1990 that reported on the tolerance, safety and survival outcomes after HFRT. These studies reported on the paradox of improved survival in patients developing central radionecrosis within the high-dose volume. Most series reported no significant increase in early or late toxicity, except for one study that reported visual loss in one patient at 7 months after treatment. More recently, studies of HFRT combined with concurrent temozolomide (TMZ) reported a trend towards improved survival compared with historical controls, with a few studies reporting a median survival of approximately 20 months. The interpretation of data from the above studies is limited by the heterogeneities of patient population and the significant variation in the range of employed dose schedules. However, high-dose HFRT using intensity-modulated radiotherapy appears to be a safe and feasible therapeutic option. There is a suggestion of improved outcomes on combining HFRT with TMZ, which warrants further investigation in a randomised trial.
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