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Crowley E, Turner D, Ma C, Nguyen T, McKay H, Schneider R, Silverberg A, Muise A, Feagan B, Griffiths A, Jairath V. A42 HETEROGENEITY IN EFFICACY AND SAFETY ENDPOINTS FOR PEDIATRIC CLINICAL TRIALS IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: A NEED FOR HARMONIZATION. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [PMCID: PMC8859363 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
NOT PUBLISHED AT AUTHOR’S REQUEST Funding Agencies: None
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Truyen T, Vu L, Pham D, Do Q, Huynh T, Ho D, Nguyen T. Measuring the arterial phase of the right coronary artery in the patients suspected of coronary artery disease: a dual study by dynamic angiography and deep learning program. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab849.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background. In the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD), coronary angiography (CA) plays a crucial role in determining the location and severity of the stenosis, the anatomical aspect of a lesion. It does not accurately reflect the flow dynamics in the coronary artery. This study aimed to evaluate the coronary flow abnormalities based on our new angiographic technique and Deep Learning (DL) program in patients suspected of CAD.
Methods. We randomly selected patients who were admitted with suspected CAD. All patients underwent our new technique of CA. After the index coronary artery was filled completely with contrast, we stopped the injection. At that time, the blood in white color flew in. The flow characteristics, the shape of the tip, borders, and direction could be clearly observed above a black background of the contrast. In this study, we measured the arterial phase (AP) from the beginning when the blood moved in until the end when all contrasts in black color washed out of the distal vasculature. In the DL protocol, the U-Net model combined with Dense-Net-121 and a binary image classification model are used to predict the beginning and ending frame. To obtain the best image for the DL program, we analyzed only the flow of the right coronary artery (RCA).
Results. 81 patients were enrolled. In patients with normal coronary angiography, the mean AP was 1.86s (27.4 +/- 5.4 frames). In patients with one significant lesion, the mean AP value was 2.35s (35.3 +/- 7.7 frames). The mean difference of the AP between the two groups was 0.49s (95% confidence interval: 0.295 to 0.694). This difference is statistically significant. Our DL has the mean root square error in predicting the AP was 0.34s.
Conclusion. In patients with CAD, the prolonged arterial phase could be accurately estimated using the DL program, reflecting the slow circulation of highly oxygenated blood. It could be used as a marker of coronary perfusion in future studies.
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Ong G, Sellers A, Mahadavan G, Nguyen T, Worthley M, Chew D, Horowitz J. “Bushfire Season” in Australia: Impacts of Variability in Ambient Temperature, Air Pollution and Bushfires on Incidence of Acute Coronary Syndromes and Takotsubo Syndrome. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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S, Mierzwa A, Jarrar A, Hardy-Henry A, Kolozsvari N, Lin W, Hagen J, Connell M, Sun W, Dang J, Mocanu V, Kung J, Switzer N, Birch D, Karmali S. 2021 Canadian Surgery Forum01. Design and validation of a unique endoscopy simulator using a commercial video game03. Is ethnicity an appropriate measure of health care marginalization?: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the outcomes of diabetic foot ulceration in the Aboriginal population04. Racial disparities in surgery — a cross-specialty matched comparison between black and white patients05. Starting late does not increase the risk of postoperative complications in patients undergoing common general surgical procedures06. Ethical decision-making during a health care crisis: a resource allocation framework and tool07. Ensuring stability in surgical training program leadership: a survey of program directors08. Introducing oncoplastic breast surgery in a community hospital09. Leadership development programs for surgical residents: a review of the literature10. Superiority of non-opioid postoperative pain management after thyroid and parathyroid operations: a systematic review and meta-analysis11. Timing of ERCP relative to cholecystectomy in patients with ductal gallstone disease12. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing intraoperative red blood cell transfusion strategies13. Postoperative outcomes after frail elderly preoperative assessment clinic: a single-institution Canadian perspective14. Selective opioid antagonists following bowel resection for prevention of postoperative ileus: a systematic review and meta-analysis15. Peer-to-peer coaching after bile duct injury16. Laparoscopic median arcuate ligament release: a video abstract17. Retroperitoneoscopic approach to adrenalectomy19. Endoscopic Zenker diverticulotomy: a video abstract20. Variability in surgeons’ perioperative management of pheochromocytomas in Canada21. The contribution of surgeon and hospital variation in transfusion practice to outcomes for patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal cancer surgery: a population-based analysis22. Perioperative transfusions for gastroesophageal cancers: risk factors and short- and long-term outcomes23. The association between frailty and time alive and at home after cancer surgery among older adults: a population-based analysis24. Psychological and workplace-related effects of providing surgical care during the COVID-19 pandemic in British Columbia, Canada25. Safety of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a systematic review26. Complications and reintervention following laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis27. Synchronization of pupil dilations correlates with team performance in a simulated laparoscopic team coordination task28. Receptivity to and desired design features of a surgical peer coaching program: an international survey9. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rates of emergency department utilization due to general surgery conditions30. The impact of the current COVID-19 pandemic on the exposure of general surgery trainees to operative procedures31. Association between academic degrees and research productivity: an assessment of academic general surgeons in Canada32. Laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) for subepithelial gastric lesion: a video presentation33. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on acute care general surgery at an academic Canadian centre34. Opioid-free analgesia after outpatient general surgery: a pilot randomized controlled trial35. Impact of neoadjuvant immunotherapy or targeted therapies on surgical resection in patients with solid tumours: a systematic review and meta-analysis37. Surgical data recording in the operating room: a systematic review of modalities and metrics38. Association between nonaccidental trauma and neighbourhood socioeconomic status during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective analysis39. Laparoscopic repair of a transdiaphragmatic gastropleural fistula40. Video-based interviewing in medicine: a scoping review41. Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography for prevention of anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery: a cost analysis from the hospital payer’s perspective43. Perception or reality: surgical resident and faculty assessments of resident workload compared with objective data45. When illness and loss hit close to home: Do health care providers learn how to cope?46. Remote video-based suturing education with smartphones (REVISE): a randomized controlled trial47. The evolving use of robotic surgery: a population-based analysis48. Prophylactic retromuscular mesh placement for parastomal hernia prevention: a retrospective cohort study of permanent colostomies and ileostomies49. Intracorporeal versus extracorporeal anastomosis in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy: a retrospective cohort study on anastomotic complications50. A lay of the land — a description of Canadian academic acute care surgery models51. Emergency general surgery in Ontario: interhospital variability in structures, processes and models of care52. Trauma 101: a virtual case-based trauma conference as an adjunct to medical education53. Assessment of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Surgical Risk Calculator for predicting patient-centred outcomes of emergency general surgery patients in a Canadian health care system54. Sustainability of a narcotic reduction initiative: 1 year following the Standardization of Outpatient Procedure (STOP) Narcotics Study55. Barriers to transanal endoscopic microsurgery referral56. Geospatial analysis of severely injured rural patients in a geographically complex landscape57. Implementation of an incentive spirometry protocol in a trauma ward: a single-centre pilot study58. Impostor phenomenon is a significant risk factor for burnout and anxiety in Canadian resident physicians: a cross-sectional survey59. Understanding the influence of perioperative education on performance among surgical trainees: a single-centre experience60. The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on current and future endoscopic personal protective equipment practices: a national survey of 77 endoscopists61. Case report: delayed presentation of perforated sigmoid diverticulitis as necrotizing infection of the lower limb62. Investigating disparities in surgical outcomes in Canadian Indigenous populations63. Fundoplication is superior to medical therapy for Barrett esophagus disease regression and progression: a systematic review and meta-analysis64. Development of a novel online general surgery learning platform and a qualitative preimplementation analysis65. Hagfish slime exudate as a potential novel hemostatic agent: developing a standardized assessment protocol66. The effect of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical oncology case volumes and wait times67. Safety of same-day discharge in high-risk patients undergoing ambulatory general surgery68. External validation of the Codman score in colorectal surgery: a pragmatic tool to drive quality improvement69. Improved morbidity and gastrointestinal restoration rates without compromising survival rates for diverting loop ileostomy with colonic lavage versus total abdominal colectomy for fulminant Clostridioides difficile colitis: a multicentre retrospective cohort study70. Potential access to emergency general surgical care in Ontario71. Immersive virtual reality (iVR) improves procedural duration, task completion and accuracy in surgical trainees: a systematic review01. Clinical validation of the Canada Lymph Node Score for endobronchial ultrasound02. Venous thromboembolism in surgically treated esophageal cancer patients: a provincial population-based study03. Venous thromboembolism in surgically treated lung cancer patients: a population-based study04. Is frailty associated with failure to rescue after esophagectomy? A multi-institutional comparative analysis of outcomes05. Routine systematic sampling versus targeted sampling of lymph nodes during endobronchial ultrasound: a feasibility randomized controlled trial06. Gastric ischemic conditioning reduces anastomotic complications in patients undergoing esophagectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis07. Move For Surgery, a novel preconditioning program to optimize health before thoracic surgery: a randomized controlled trial08. In case of emergency, go to your nearest emergency department — Or maybe not?09. Does preoperative SABR increase the risk of complications from lung cancer resection? A secondary analysis of the MISSILE trial10. Segmental resection for lung cancer: the added value of near-infrared fluorescence mapping diminishes with surgeon experience11. Toward competency-based continuing professional development for practising surgeons12. Stereotactic body radiotherapy versus surgery in older adults with NSCLC — a population-based, matched analysis of long-term dependency outcomes13. Role of adjuvant therapy in esophageal cancer patients after neoadjuvant therapy and curative esophagectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis14. Evaluation of population characteristics on the incidence of thoracic empyema: an ecological study15. Determining the optimal stiffness colour threshold and stiffness area ratio cut-off for mediastinal lymph node staging using EBUS elastography and AI: a pilot study16. Quality assurance on the use of sequential compression stockings in thoracic surgery (QUESTs)17. The relationship between fissureless technique and prolonged air leak for patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy18. CXCR2 inhibition as a candidate for immunomodulation in the treatment of K-RAS-driven lung adenocarcinoma19. Assessment tools for evaluating competency in video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy: a systematic review20. Understanding the current practice on chest tube management following lung resection among thoracic surgeons across Canada21. Effect of routine jejunostomy tube insertion in esophagectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis22. Recurrence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax following bullectomy with pleurodesis or pleurectomy: a retrospective analysis23. Surgical outcomes following chest wall resection and reconstruction24. Outcomes following surgical management of primary mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumours25. Does robotic approach offer better nodal staging than thoracoscopic approach in anatomical resection for non–small cell lung cancer? A single-centre propensity matching analysis26. Competency assessment for mediastinal mass resection and thymectomy: design and Delphi process27. The contemporary significance of venous thromboembolism (deep venous thrombosis [DVT] and pulmonary embolus [PE]) in patients undergoing esophagectomy: a prospective, multicentre cohort study to evaluate the incidence and clinical outcomes of VTE after major esophageal resections28. Esophageal cancer: symptom severity at the end of life29. The impact of pulmonary artery reconstruction on postoperative and oncologic outcomes: a systematic review30. Association with surgical technique and recurrence after laparoscopic repair of paraesophageal hernia: a single-centre experience31. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in esophagectomy32. Surgical treatment of esophageal cancer: trends in surgical approach and early mortality at a single institution over the past 18 years34. Adverse events and length of stay following minimally invasive surgery in paraesophageal hernia repair35. Long-term symptom control comparison of Dor and Nissen fundoplication following laparoscopic para-esophageal hernia repair: a retrospective analysis36. Willingness to pay: a survey of Canadian patients’ willingness to contribute to the cost of robotic thoracic surgery37. Radiomics in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma: a prediction tool for tumour immune microenvironments38. Effectiveness of intraoperative pyloric botox injection during esophagectomy: how often is endoscopic intervention required?39. An artificial intelligence algorithm for predicting lymph node malignancy during endobronchial ultrasound40. The effect of major and minor complications after lung surgery on length of stay and readmission41. Measuring cost of adverse events following thoracic surgery: a scoping review42. Laparoscopic paraesophageal hernia repair: characterization by hospital and surgeon volume and impact on outcomes43. NSQIP 5-Factor Modified Frailty Index predicts morbidity but not mortality after esophagectomy44. Trajectory of perioperative HRQOL and association with postoperative complications in thoracic surgery patients45. Variation in treatment patterns and outcomes for resected esophageal cancer at designated thoracic surgery centres46. Patient-reported pretreatment health-related quality of life (HRQOL) predicts short-term survival in esophageal cancer patients47. Analgesic efficacy of surgeon-placed paravertebral catheters compared with thoracic epidural analgesia after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy: a retrospective noninferiority study48. Rapid return to normal oxygenation after lung surgery49. Examination of local and systemic inflammatory changes during lung surgery01. Implications of near-infrared imaging and indocyanine green on anastomotic leaks following colorectal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis02. Repeat preoperative endoscopy after regional implementation of electronic synoptic endoscopy reporting: a retrospective comparative study03. Consensus-derived quality indicators for operative reporting in transanal endoscopic surgery (TES)04. Colorectal lesion localization practices at endoscopy to facilitate surgical and endoscopic planning: recommendations from a national consensus Delphi process05. Black race is associated with increased mortality in colon cancer — a population-based and propensity-score matched analysis06. Improved survival in a cohort of patients 75 years and over with FIT-detected colorectal neoplasms07. Laparoscopic versus open loop ileostomy reversal: a systematic review and meta-analysis08. Posterior mesorectal thickness as a predictor of increased operative time in rectal cancer surgery: a retrospective cohort study09. Improvement of colonic anastomotic healing in mice with oral supplementation of oligosaccharides10. How can we better identify patients with rectal bleeding who are at high risk of colorectal cancer?11. Assessment of long-term bowel dysfunction in rectal cancer survivors: a population-based cohort study12. Observational versus antibiotic therapy for acute uncomplicated diverticulitis: a noninferiority meta-analysis based on a Delphi consensus13. Radiotherapy alone versus chemoradiotherapy for stage I anal squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis14. Is the Hartmann procedure for diverticulitis obsolete? National trends in colectomy for diverticulitis in the emergency setting from 1993 to 201515. Sugammadex in colorectal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis16. Sexuality and rectal cancer treatment: a qualitative study exploring patients’ information needs and expectations on sexual dysfunction after rectal cancer treatment17. Video-based interviews in selection process18. Impact of delaying colonoscopies during the COVID-19 pandemic on colorectal cancer detection and prevention19. Opioid use disorder associated with increased anastomotic leak and major complications after colorectal surgery20. Effectiveness of a rectal cancer education video on patient expectations21. Robotic-assisted rectosigmoid and rectal cancer resection: implementation and early experience at a Canadian tertiary centre22. An online educational app for rectal cancer survivors with low anterior resection syndrome: a pilot study23. The effects of surgeon specialization on the outcome of emergency colorectal surgery24. Outcomes after colorectal cancer resections in octogenarians and older in a regional New Zealand setting — What are the predictors of mortality?25. Long-term outcomes after seton placement for perianal fistulae with and without Crohn disease26. A survey of patient and surgeon preference for early ileostomy closure following restorative proctectomy for rectal cancer — Why aren’t we doing it?27. Crohn disease independently associated with longer hospital admission after surgery28. Short-stay (≤ 1 d) diverting loop ileostomy closure can be selectively implemented without an increase in readmission and complication rates: an ACS-NSQIP analysis29. A comparison of perineal stapled rectal prolapse resection and the Altemeier procedure at 2 Canadian academic hospitals30. Mental health and substance use disorders predict 90-day readmission and postoperative complications following rectal cancer surgery31. Early discharge after colorectal cancer resection: trends and impact on patient outcomes32. Oral antibiotics without mechanical bowel preparation prior to emergency colectomy reduces the risk of organ space surgical site infections: a NSQIP propensity score matched study33. The impact of robotic surgery on a tertiary care colorectal surgery program, an assessment of costs and short-term outcomes — a Canadian perspective34. Should we scope beyond the age limit of guidelines? Adenoma detection rates and outcomes of screening and surveillance colonoscopies in patients aged 75–79 years35. Emergency department admissions for uncomplicated diverticulitis: a nationwide study36. Obesity is associated with a complicated episode of acute diverticulitis: a nationwide study37. Green indocyanine angiography for low anterior resection in patients with rectal cancer: a prospective before-and-after study38. The impact of age on surgical recurrence of fibrostenotic ileocolic Crohn disease39. A qualitative study to explore the optimal timing and approach for the LARS discussion01. Racial, ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in diagnosis, treatment and survival of patients with breast cancer: a SEER-based population analysis02. First-line palliative chemotherapy for esophageal and gastric cancer: practice patterns and outcomes in the general population03. Frailty as a predictor for postoperative outcomes following pancreaticoduodenectomy04. Synoptic electronic operative reports identify practice variation in cancer surgery allowing for directed interventions to decrease variation05. The role of Hedgehog signalling in basal-like breast cancer07. Clinical and patient-reported outcomes in oncoplastic breast conservation surgery from a single surgeon’s practice in a busy community hospital in Canada08. Upgrade rate of atypical ductal hyperplasia: 10 years of experience and predictive factors09. Time to first adjuvant treatment after oncoplastic breast reduction10. Preparing to survive: improving outcomes for young women with breast cancer11. Opioid prescription and consumption in patients undergoing outpatient breast surgery — baseline data for a quality improvement initiative12. Rectal anastomosis and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: Should we avoid diverting loop ileostomy?13. Delays in operative management of early-stage, estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic — a multi-institutional matched historical cohort study14. Opioid prescribing practices in breast oncologic surgery15. Oncoplastic breast reduction (OBR) complications and patient-reported outcomes16. De-escalating breast cancer surgery: Should we apply quality indicators from other jurisdictions in Canada?17. The breast cancer patient experience of telemedicine during COVID-1918. A novel ex vivo human peritoneal model to investigate mechanisms of peritoneal metastasis in gastric adenocarcinoma (GCa)19. Preliminary uptake and outcomes utilizing the BREAST-Q patient-reported outcomes questionnaire in patients following breast cancer surgery20. Routine elastin staining improves detection of venous invasion and enhances prognostication in resected colorectal cancer21. Analysis of exhaled volatile organic compounds: a new frontier in colon cancer screening and surveillance22. A clinical pathway for radical cystectomy leads to a shorter hospital stay and decreases 30-day postoperative complications: a NSQIP analysis23. Fertility preservation in young breast cancer patients: a population-based study24. Investigating factors associated with postmastectomy unplanned emergency department visits: a population-based analysis25. Impact of patient, tumour and treatment factors on psychosocial outcomes after treatment in women with invasive breast cancer26. The relationship between breast and axillary pathologic complete response in women receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer01. The association between bacterobilia and the risk of postoperative complications following pancreaticoduodenectomy02. Surgical outcome and quality of life following exercise-based prehabilitation for hepatobiliary surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis03. Does intraoperative frozen section and revision of margins lead to improved survival in patients undergoing resection of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma? A systematic review and meta-analysis04. Prolonged kidney procurement time is associated with worse graft survival after transplantation05. Venous thromboembolism following hepatectomy for colorectal metastases: a population-based retrospective cohort study06. Association between resection approach and transfusion exposure in liver resection for gastrointestinal cancer07. The association between surgeon volume and use of laparoscopic liver resection for gastrointestinal cancer08. Immune suppression through TIGIT in colorectal cancer liver metastases09. “The whole is greater than the sum of its parts” — a combined strategy to reduce postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy10. Laparoscopic versus open synchronous colorectal and hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer11. Identifying prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with recurrent disease following liver resection for colorectal cancer metastasis12. Modified Blumgart pancreatojejunostomy with external stenting in laparoscopic Whipple reconstruction13. Laparoscopic versus open pancreaticoduodenectomy: a single centre’s initial experience with introduction of a novel surgical approach14. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus upfront surgery for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: a single-centre cohort analysis15. Thermal ablation and telemedicine to reduce resource utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic16. Cost-utility analysis of normothermic machine perfusion compared with static cold storage in liver transplantation in the Canadian setting17. Impact of adjuvant therapy on overall survival in early-stage ampullary cancers: a single-centre retrospective review18. Presence of biliary anaerobes enhances response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma19. How does tumour viability influence the predictive capability of the Metroticket model? Comparing predicted-to-observed 5-year survival after liver transplant for hepatocellular carcinoma20. Does caudate resection improve outcomes in patients undergoing curative resection for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma? A systematic review and meta-analysis21. Appraisal of multivariable prognostic models for postoperative liver decompensation following partial hepatectomy: a systematic review22. Predictors of postoperative liver decompensation events following resection in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma: a population-based study23. Characteristics of bacteriobilia and impact on outcomes after Whipple procedure01. Inverting the y-axis: the future of MIS abdominal wall reconstruction is upside down02. Progressive preoperative pneumoperitoneum: a single-centre retrospective study03. The role of radiologic classification of parastomal hernia as a predictor of the need for surgical hernia repair: a retrospective cohort study04. Comparison of 2 fascial defect closure methods for laparoscopic incisional hernia repair01. Hypoalbuminemia predicts serious complications following elective bariatric surgery02. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric band migration inducing jejunal obstruction associated with acute pancreatitis: aurgical approach of band removal03. Can visceral adipose tissue gene expression determine metabolic outcomes after bariatric surgery?04. Improvement of kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease and severe obesity after bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis05. A prediction model for delayed discharge following gastric bypass surgery06. Experiences and outcomes of Indigenous patients undergoing bariatric surgery: a mixed-methods scoping review07. What is the optimal common channel length in revisional bariatric surgery?08. Laparoscopic management of internal hernia in a 34-week pregnant woman09. Characterizing timing of postoperative complications following elective Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy10. Canadian trends in bariatric surgery11. Common surgical stapler problems and how to correct them12. Management of choledocholithiasis following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can J Surg 2021; 64:S80-S159. [PMID: 35483046 PMCID: PMC8677574 DOI: 10.1503/cjs.021321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Nguyen T, Cussenot O, Fiard G, Fourcade A, Tissot V, Doucet L, Fournier G, Valeri A. Impact de l’âge et de la densité du PSA sur la détection du cancer de prostate chez les patients avec IRM prostatique négative. Prog Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2021.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mahajan A, Czerniak C, Lamichhane J, Phuong L, Purnat T, Briand S, Nguyen T. Listening to community concerns in the COVID-19 infodemic: A WHO digital approach. Eur J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The Infodemic (too much information including false or misleading information in digital and physical environments) during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to confusion, risk-taking and behaviors that can amplify outbreaks, and reduce effectiveness of pandemic response efforts. To address this challenge, the WHO Information Network for Epidemics (EPI-WIN), in collaboration with research partners, developed a public health Infodemic intelligence analysis methodology for weekly analysis of digital media data to identify, categorize, and understand key concerns expressed in online conversations.
Methods
Thirty-five keyword-based searches (per language) using Meltwater Explore and Google Trends were created and grouped according to a set of pandemic public health taxonomy categories developed specifically for this analysis. The taxonomy has five thematic categories of conversation about COVID-19 and public health response: (1) the cause of the illness, (2) the illness, (3) the treatment, (4) the interventions and (5) Information.
Results
The two most recurring topics to attract increasing interest were Vaccines and Asymptomatic transmission followed by Immunity, Cause of the virus, Vulnerable communities and Reduction of movement, and Risk factors based on demographics and risk of misinformation.
Conclusions
The application of this taxonomy to online social listening week-on-week resulted in a better in-time understanding of the evolution and dynamics of high velocity conversations about COVID-19 globally during the pandemic and proposes a quantifiable approach to support planning of risk communication response.
Key messages
Describe widespread innovation in social listening methods for greater accountability to affected populations. Formulate insights into how digital media can be better utilized for more rapidly responding to the evolving needs of communities.
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Mahajan A, Czerniak C, Lamichhane J, Phuong L, Purnat T, Nguyen T, Briand S. WHO public health research agenda for managing infodemics. Eur J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Following the World Health Organization's initial infodemic consultation in April 2020, a major infodemic conference was organised virtually in June-July 2020. Hundreds of experts participated to define science of infodemiology and build a public health research agenda that serves as a playbook for conducting relevant researches. Research Agenda provides guidance to invest in research and innovation so that we have better interventions and tools to understand, measure and respond to infodemics, and steer people towards timely, accessible, understandable information for good health choices.
Methods
The research agenda was developed during a virtual meeting, followed by research question prioritization exercise. It consisted of eight days spread out over four weeks. These were made up of: public preconference meeting; scientific conference, consisting of opening/closing plenary meetings either side of four separate “topic sprint” days; final public meeting to present the meeting outcomes.
After the meeting, a process took place to gather and rank research questions based on the research agenda created during the meeting.
Results
The following five streams and 65 research questions were developed. Measuring and monitoring the impact of infodemics during health emergencies Detecting and understanding the spread and impact of infodemics Responding and deploying interventions that protect against the infodemic and mitigate its harmful effects Evaluating infodemic interventions and strengthening resilience of individuals and communities to infodemics Promoting the development, adaptation and application of tools for managing infodemics.
Conclusions
Five streams with 65 research questions were developed and prioritized to structuralise infodemic management based on evidence. The conference yielded on the development of an infodemiology glossary, which can be used by the community of research.
Key messages
Discuss investments in research and innovation to enable a whole-of-society response to infodemics. Explain the practice of infodemic management as a discipline.
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Iuliano S, Poon S, Robbins J, Bui M, Wang X, De Groot L, Van Loan M, Zadeh AG, Nguyen T, Seeman E. Effect of dietary sources of calcium and protein on hip fractures and falls in older adults in residential care: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2021; 375:n2364. [PMID: 34670754 PMCID: PMC8527562 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n2364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the antifracture efficacy and safety of a nutritional intervention in institutionalised older adults replete in vitamin D but with mean intakes of 600 mg/day calcium and <1 g/kg body weight protein/day. DESIGN Two year cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING 60 accredited residential aged care facilities in Australia housing predominantly ambulant residents. PARTICIPANTS 7195 permanent residents (4920 (68%) female; mean age 86.0 (SD 8.2) years). INTERVENTION Facilities were stratified by location and organisation, with 30 facilities randomised to provide residents with additional milk, yoghurt, and cheese that contained 562 (166) mg/day calcium and 12 (6) g/day protein achieving a total intake of 1142 (353) mg calcium/day and 69 (15) g/day protein (1.1 g/kg body weight). The 30 control facilities maintained their usual menus, with residents consuming 700 (247) mg/day calcium and 58 (14) g/day protein (0.9 g/kg body weight). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Group differences in incidence of fractures, falls, and all cause mortality. RESULTS Data from 27 intervention facilities and 29 control facilities were analysed. A total of 324 fractures (135 hip fractures), 4302 falls, and 1974 deaths were observed. The intervention was associated with risk reductions of 33% for all fractures (121 v 203; hazard ratio 0.67, 95% confidence interval 0.48 to 0.93; P=0.02), 46% for hip fractures (42 v 93; 0.54, 0.35 to 0.83; P=0.005), and 11% for falls (1879 v 2423; 0.89, 0.78 to 0.98; P=0.04). The risk reduction for hip fractures and falls achieved significance at five months (P=0.02) and three months (P=0.004), respectively. Mortality was unchanged (900 v 1074; hazard ratio 1.01, 0.43 to 3.08). CONCLUSIONS Improving calcium and protein intakes by using dairy foods is a readily accessible intervention that reduces the risk of falls and fractures commonly occurring in aged care residents. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12613000228785.
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Mahajan A, Czerniak C, Lamichhane J, Phuong L, Purnat T, Nguyen T, Briand S. Advances in real-time social listening for an adaptive public health response: WHO’s EARS platform. Eur J Public Health 2021. [PMCID: PMC8574811 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by an Infodemic (overabundance of information, including misinformation and disinformation, both online and offline); in response to this Infodemic, WHO launched the EARS platform (Early AI-assisted Response with Social Listening), showing real-time information about how people are talking about COVID-19 online. This information is intended to serve health information professionals to understand narratives and needs of the general public, in order to inform policy or communications decisions.
Methods
Data is collected daily from online conversations in publicly available sources, including Twitter, online forums, and blogs in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese, for 20 pilot countries. Once the data is collected, it is processed and classified into 39 categories, according to a set of pandemic public health taxonomy. The classification is made based on semi-supervised machine learning.
Results
Top 5 categories across regions are Covid-19 vaccine, Transmission settings, Personal measures, Testing and Industry (industry refers to the impact of the pandemic on the economy). We find that conversations around Covid-19 vaccines usually rank in the second or third position in all regions and represent 9%-12% of the conversation.
Conclusions
The configuration and application of the EARS platform has enabled progress towards more scalable and sustainable social listening to inform Infodemic management and response, compared to previous methods which were more manual, required data scientists in the team, or had fewer analytics capabilities. Future work will focus on gradually adding more data sources which can expand coverage and representativity.
Key messages
Discuss social listening methods for greater accountability to affected populations. Formulate insights into how digital media and information technology can be better utilized for more rapidly responding to the evolving needs of communities.
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Mahajan A, Phuong L, Nguyen T, Czerniak C, Lamichhane J, Purnat T, Briand S. 50 Global Actions to Manage the COVID-19 Infodemic: A WHO Framework. Eur J Public Health 2021. [PMCID: PMC8574805 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Issue The World Health Organization describes an infodemic as an “overabundance of information - good or bad - that makes it difficult for people to make decisions for their health.” Description of the problem On April 7-8, 2020, the WHO Information Network for Epidemics (EPI-WIN) held a global online to crowdsource ideas from an interdisciplinary group of experts to form a novel COVID-19 infodemic response framework. The online consultation comprised of four plenary sessions and a brainstorming session conducted entirely online. Nearly 1500 individuals from over 100 countries and territories spanning social scientists, epidemiologists, staff from ministries of health and institutes of public health, registered for the consultation. Results A set of 50 proposed actions for a framework for managing infodemics in health emergencies was developed that will provide guidance for governments and public health institutions to take in five key areas of action that emerged from the consultation: strengthening evidence and information simplifying and explaining what is known fact-checking and addressing misinformation amplifying messages and reaching the communities and individuals who need the information quantifying and analysing the infodemic, including information flows, monitoring the acceptance of public health interventions, and assessing factors affecting behaviour at individual and population levels strengthening systems for infodemic management in health emergencies
Lessons Everyone has a role to play Read the Call for Action Sign the Call for Action
https://www.who.int/news/item/11-12-2020-call-for-action-managing-the-infode Key messages The confusion due to Infodemic can lead people to ignore public health measures and take risks that can cause serious harm. Recognizing this WHO convened an interdisciplinary group of experts 7-8 April 2020 virtually to form a novel COVID-19 infodemic response framework.
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Tran L, Nguyen T, Pham H, Thai M, Nguyen L, Truong H, Cao B. Follow-up on new marker confirming the optimal status in the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
At the present time, there is no strong criterion to guarantee the optimal management for patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). In the past, our group suggested the use of the size of the femoral vein (FV), measured by ultrasound as a marker of the fluid status in the venous compartment. Is this criterion still the best marker of optimal treatment of HFrEF at 3 years follow-up, especially for patients with significant co-morbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), end stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD), cirrhosis of liver or sepsis?
Methods
Patients with HFrEF and co-morbidities as above were enrolled. All patients had echocardiography to confirm EF <45% and underwent the ultrasound test to assess the size and expansibility of the femoral vein (SEFV). The SEFV is the ultrasound study of the FV examining its size and expansibility with cough. The location of the femoral artery (FA) and FV to be checked is the coronal plane immediately proximal to the bifurcation of the superficial and deep femoral artery. The normal size of FV is a little larger than of the FA. If the size of the FV is twice larger than the FA, the patient has fluid overload in the venous compartment (Figure 1). Then the patient was asked to cough in order to measure the size of the FV. If the FV did not increase its size with cough, the venous compartment was full. If the FV increased its size, the venous compartment was not full and could accommodate more fluid. In physical exam, the fluid overload is proved by the presence of extravascular fluid in the abdominal wall, ascites or leg edema or in the intravascular compartment by the presence of the jugular venous distention. During the 3 years of follow-up, the patients were seen in the office and had the SEFV at regular 6 months intervals. A small group of patients also underwent right heart catheterization to measure to the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP).
Results
180 patients with HFrEF and significant comorbidities were enrolled. All patients were taught to follow a low Na diet, <2000cc of fluid restriction and the guideline directed medical therapy. After about 3 years, 75% patients in the study group were asymptomatic, was not readmitted to the hospital for HF, and the size of the FV was within normal range. Their physical exam showed no fluid in the extravascular compartment. The PCWP became lower than 24mmHg in 18/20 who underwent the RHC. There was significant weight loss (15 lbs). In the control group, 60% of patients were asymptomatic and 50% were not readmitted for HF (p<0.05).
Conclusions
With the SEFV test, the patients with HFrEF and significant comorbidities were accurately estimated for presence or absence of fluid overload. This SEFV test was especially sensitive to detect fluid overload in patients with multiple co-morbidities. Further randomized trials are needed to confirm the above preliminary results.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1. Enlarged size of femoral vein
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Le M, Nguyen T, Bui H, Duong H, Do Q. Slow flow or prolonged arterial phase in coronary arteries is the cause of ischemia or sudden death in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), the patients could be symptomatic or presented with recurrent fluid overload, syncope or sudden cardiac death (SCD) while the coronary arteries were patent. The aim of our study was to use the coronary flow abnormalities to stratify the high risk symptomatic versus the low risk asymptomatic patient with DCM.
Methods
Consecutive patients with DCM were enrolled. Twenty patients with normal ejection fraction (EF) without coronary artery disease served as control. The study patients were checked for symptoms (fluid overload, syncope, SCD) and re-admission. All patients underwent a new coronary angiographic technique with injection of contrast until all the coronary arteries were completely filled. As the injection of contrast stopped, the blood in white color moved in and the blood movement could be clearly observed. The angiogram was recorded from the entry of blood flow until all the contrast was cleared. During the review, the investigators downloaded, selected the angiogram from the electronic medical record, tapped on the Key Image and used the Up and Down arrow to move the images, frame-by-frame. Each frame represented a 0.06-second recording. The duration of the arterial phase was calculated starting the time when the blood entered the ostium of the index artery until all the contrast disappeared from the distal vasculature. At the same time, an AI program was trained to measure the length of the arterial phase by Machine learning, supervised and unsupervised Deep Learning and Convoluted Neural Networks. (Figure 1) The AI programs compared the time when the arteries were full with contrast until there was no contrast left in the distal vasculature. (Figure 2)
Results
One hundred patients with DCM were consecutively enrolled. Twenty patients served as control. In the control group with normal flow and EF, the duration of the arterial phase was 24–30 frames (1.44 to 2 seconds). In the study group, seventy patients had extremely prolonged arterial phase (average of 120 frames or >8 seconds (p<0.05). These patients were very symptomatic and had recurrent hospitalizations. Thirty patients had normal arterial phase of <2 seconds. These patients had shorter length of stay (<3 days), became asymptomatic after only 2 days of treatment and had rare readmission. (p<0.05) The AI programs confirmed the results of the arterial phases calculated manually by junior investigators.
Conclusions
In patients with DCM, the extreme prolonged arterial phase caused ischemia in the myocardium even there was no coronary artery disease. This ischemic burden triggered recurrent ventricular dysfunction, arrhythmia, syncope and SCD. The patients with normal arterial phase became asymptomatic after optimal medical treatment. With these results, more effective prevention and management could be achieved for high risk symptomatic patients with high mortality and readmissions.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. U Net architectureArterial Phase
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Rigatelli G, Zuin M, Roncon L, Nguyen T. Coronary artery cavitation as a trigger for atherosclerotic plaque progression: a numerical and computational fluid dynamic demonstration. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.3241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Coronary cavitation is supposed to be generated by both concentric and eccentric coronary artery stenosis creating microbubbles which exploded when the fluid pressure was lower than the vapor pressure at a local thermodynamic state.
Aims
To assess, using computational fluid dynamic analysis (CFD), the potential role of cavitation in inducing coronary artery endothelial damage and promote atherosclerotic plaque progression.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the procedural records of consecutive patients evaluated between 1st January 2013 and 1st January 2014 with an isolated hemodynamically significant Left Main (LM) disease. Each bifurcation was reconstructed on the patient-specific geometries derived from the CCTA applying patient-specific hemodynamic features. Vapour has been modelled as discrete vapour bubbles and its trajectory determined using a Lagrangian frame of reference. Cavitation started with micro-cavitation nuclei which subsequently grow into bubbles undergoing different physical processes determined in a stochastic Monte-Carlo approximation.
Results
Among the 12 patients analysed [8 males, mean age 68.2±12.8 years old], the mean LM stenosis was 72.3±3.6%. In all subjects, LM stenoses induced cavitation which propagates downstream the vessel. The higher concentration of vapour region was detected before the carina (within 0.8 to 1.3 cm from the stenosis). The mean bubbles radius observed before the carina was 4.2±1.4 μm; their impact with the endothelial surface generated a mean peak pressure of 3.9±0.5 MPa determining a local shockwave (Figure 1).
Conclusion
The collapse of micro-bubbles alongside the endothelium generated micro-shockwaves determining repeated dynamic load measurable as an instantaneous pressure-peaks able to induce endothelial injury or dysfunction.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1. (A) The simulation illustrates the vapour fraction iso-surfaces and the scattered bubble plots as predicted by the Langrangian model. Notably, most cavitation bubbles that form at the inlet of left main bifurcation do not collapse immediately but they are transported towards the vessel determining several interactions with the endothelium. (B) Graphical representation of the bubble radius modification and related pressure transmitted to the endothelium if the bubble collapse happened near to this last one. The magnification in boxes (B1-B4) evidences the dynamic modification of bubbles. The re-entry jet causing the collapse is evidenced with a red arrow.
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Duong HAI, Nguyen T, Cao BINH, Le TRAN. Cavitation on top of collision breaks the cover of coronary plaques and triggers acute coronary syndrome. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Coronary injuries are hypothesized to be caused by the cavitation phenomenon (explosion of air bubbles) which is seen frequently in industrial pipes. Based on hydraulics principles applied to the coronary circulation. during distal negative suctioning in diastole, if the coronary static pressure decreases below the vapor pressure (VP), bubbles will form. They explode when the coronary static pressure recovers > the VP during systole. These explosions create jet waves weakening and rupturing the cover of the coronary plaques, triggering acute coronary syndrome (ACS). How could these events be observed, recorded and compared?
Methods
Coronary angiograms of patients with ACS and stable coronary artery disease (CAD) (control) were selected. The arteries were recorded at 15 frames per second and saved in the electronic health records and reviewed image by image. After the index artery was completely filled with contrast, the following images showed the blood in white moving in on a background of black contrast. The flow could be laminar, turbulent (mixing of blood in white and contrast in black), antegrade or RETROGRADE (black column traveling backward). At the same time, an artificial intelligence (AI) program was used to detect and identify the flow.
Results
There were 104 patients with ACS enrolled and 20 patients with stable CAD as control. First, in the ACS group, 84 lesions (80%) were in the end of the proximal segment of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and mid-segment of the right coronary artery (RCA). 20 lesions (19%) were at the distal RCA. Second, during diastole, 95% of the flow were laminar. The flow became turbulent at the beginning of systole. The turbulence was caused by the COLLISION of the antegrade flow (end of diastole) and the retrograde flow (at the beginning of systole). These collisions were seen in 95% at the location of vulnerable plaques of patients with ACS. In the control patients, there were only 2 cases (10%) with collision. Third, in the 20 patients with lesions at the distal RCA, the lesions were seen to be located at the areas of recirculating flow, at the ostium of the posterior descending artery (PDA) or proximal to the origin of the PDA. The cause of turbulence was most likely due to cavitation on top of collision. The cavitation happened because of continuous steady forward flow (of the PDA) in the myocardium during systole, while at the proximal RCA the blood flew forward more slowly. (Fig.1) The DSICREPANCY of velocities at the proximal and distal RCA allowed the formation of an empty gap (bubble of air). When the flow reversed during systole, this retrograde flow slammed on the bubble which collapsed violently, injured, ruptured the cover of the plaque and started ACS.
Conclusions
Rupture of bubbles (cavitation) on top of collision was most likely the cause of injury to the cover of vulnerable plaques, triggering ACS. Understanding the mechanism will help to better manage ACS.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. Cavity formation and collisionFormation of cavitation at the PDA
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Ngo T, Truong V, Phan T, Pham T, Nguyen T, Le T, Palmer C, Chung E, Mazur W. Normal ranges of global left ventricular myocardial work indices in adults: a meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Non-invasive global myocardial work recently emerged as new parameter to characterize left ventricle function with potential advantages over both ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain.
Purpose
We aimed to perform a meta-analysis of normal ranges of non-invasive left ventricular myocardial work (MW) indices including global constructive work (GCW), global work index (GWI), global wasted work (GWW), and global work efficiency (GWE) and to identify confounding factors that may contribute to variance in reported measures.
Methods
The authors searched four databases, Pubmed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library through January 2021 using the key terms “myocardial work”,“global constructive work”, “global wasted work”, “global work index”, “global work efficiency”. Studies were included if the articles reported LV myocardial work using 2D transthoracic echocardiography in healthy normal subjects, either in the control group or comprising the entire study cohort. The weighted mean was estimated by using the random effect model with a 95% confidence interval. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed using the I2 test. Publication bias was examined by funnel plot and Egger's regression test.
Results
The search yielded 476 articles. After abstract and full text screening we included 13 datasets with 1665 patients for meta-analysis. The reported normal mean values of GCW and GWI among the studies were 2278 (95% CI, 2167 to 23878; I2=95%), and 2.010 (95% CI, 1922 to 2098, I2=97%), respectively. The mean GWE was 96.0 (95% CI, 95.6% to 96.5; I2=92%), and the mean GWW was 79.7% (95% CI, 68.8% to 90.7%; I2=90%) (Figure). Furthermore, age and gender did not significantly contribute to variations in normal values. No evidence of significant publication bias was observed in the funnel plots and the Egger test.
Conclusion
In this meta-analysis, we provide echocardiographic reference ranges for non-invasive indices of MW. These normal values should serve as a template for clinical and research use for this promising technology.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Doan N, Nguyen T, Ta L, Nguyen Y, Thai T, Quan T, Cung A. 700 Breast metastasis from ovarian carcinoma: one case report and review literature. Pathology 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2021-esgo.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Shelley D, Cleland CM, Nguyen T, Van Devanter N, Siman N, Van M H, Nguyen NT. Effectiveness of a multicomponent strategy for implementing guidelines for treating tobacco use in Vietnam Commune Health Centers. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 24:196-203. [PMID: 34543422 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Strategies are needed to increase implementation of evidence-based tobacco dependence treatment (TDT) in health care systems in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS We conducted a two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of two strategies for implementing TDT guidelines in community health centers (n=26) in Vietnam. Arm 1 included training and a tool kit (e.g., reminder system) to promote and support delivery of the 4As (Ask about tobacco use, Advise to quit, Assess readiness, Assist with brief counseling) (Arm 1). Arm 2 included Arm 1 components plus a system to refer smokers to a community health worker (CHW) for more intensive counseling (4As+R). Provider surveys were conducted at baseline, six- and 12-months to assess the hypothesized effect of the strategies on provider and organizational-level factors. The primary outcome was provider adoption of the 4As. RESULTS Adoption of the 4As increased significantly across both study arms (all p<.001). Perceived organizational priority for TDT, compatibility with current workflow, and provider attitudes, norms and self-efficacy related to TDT also improved significantly across both arms. In Arm 2 sites, 41% of smokers were referred to a CHW for additional counseling. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated the effectiveness of a multicomponent and multilevel strategy (i.e., provider and system) for implementing evidence-based TDT in the Vietnam public health system. Combining provider-delivered brief counseling with opportunities for more in-depth counseling offered by a trained CHW may optimize outcomes and offers a potentially scalable model for increasing access to TDT in health care systems like Vietnam. IMPLICATIONS Improving implementation of evidence-based tobacco dependence treatment (TDT) guidelines is a necessary step towards reducing the growing burden of non-communicable disease (NCDs) and premature death in LMICs. The findings provide new evidence on the effectiveness of multilevel strategies for adapting and implementing TDT into routine care in Vietnam, and offers a potentially scalable model for meeting FCTC Article 14 goals in other LMICs with comparable public health systems. The study also demonstrates that combining provider-delivered brief counseling with referral to a community health worker for more in-depth counseling and support can optimize access to evidence-based treatment for tobacco use.
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Jacob CG, Thuy-Nhien N, Mayxay M, Maude RJ, Quang HH, Hongvanthong B, Vanisaveth V, Ngo Duc T, Rekol H, van der Pluijm R, von Seidlein L, Fairhurst R, Nosten F, Hossain MA, Park N, Goodwin S, Ringwald P, Chindavongsa K, Newton P, Ashley E, Phalivong S, Maude R, Leang R, Huch C, Dong LT, Nguyen KT, Nhat TM, Hien TT, Nguyen H, Zdrojewski N, Canavati S, Sayeed AA, Uddin D, Buckee C, Fanello CI, Onyamboko M, Peto T, Tripura R, Amaratunga C, Myint Thu A, Delmas G, Landier J, Parker DM, Chau NH, Lek D, Suon S, Callery J, Jittamala P, Hanboonkunupakarn B, Pukrittayakamee S, Phyo AP, Smithuis F, Lin K, Thant M, Hlaing TM, Satpathi P, Satpathi S, Behera PK, Tripura A, Baidya S, Valecha N, Anvikar AR, Ul Islam A, Faiz A, Kunasol C, Drury E, Kekre M, Ali M, Love K, Rajatileka S, Jeffreys AE, Rowlands K, Hubbart CS, Dhorda M, Vongpromek R, Kotanan N, Wongnak P, Almagro Garcia J, Pearson RD, Ariani CV, Chookajorn T, Malangone C, Nguyen T, Stalker J, Jeffery B, Keatley J, Johnson KJ, Muddyman D, Chan XHS, Sillitoe J, Amato R, Simpson V, Gonçalves S, Rockett K, Day NP, Dondorp AM, Kwiatkowski DP, Miotto O. Genetic surveillance in the Greater Mekong subregion and South Asia to support malaria control and elimination. eLife 2021; 10:e62997. [PMID: 34372970 PMCID: PMC8354633 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background National Malaria Control Programmes (NMCPs) currently make limited use of parasite genetic data. We have developed GenRe-Mekong, a platform for genetic surveillance of malaria in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) that enables NMCPs to implement large-scale surveillance projects by integrating simple sample collection procedures in routine public health procedures. Methods Samples from symptomatic patients are processed by SpotMalaria, a high-throughput system that produces a comprehensive set of genotypes comprising several drug resistance markers, species markers and a genomic barcode. GenRe-Mekong delivers Genetic Report Cards, a compendium of genotypes and phenotype predictions used to map prevalence of resistance to multiple drugs. Results GenRe-Mekong has worked with NMCPs and research projects in eight countries, processing 9623 samples from clinical cases. Monitoring resistance markers has been valuable for tracking the rapid spread of parasites resistant to the dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine combination therapy. In Vietnam and Laos, GenRe-Mekong data have provided novel knowledge about the spread of these resistant strains into previously unaffected provinces, informing decision-making by NMCPs. Conclusions GenRe-Mekong provides detailed knowledge about drug resistance at a local level, and facilitates data sharing at a regional level, enabling cross-border resistance monitoring and providing the public health community with valuable insights. The project provides a rich open data resource to benefit the entire malaria community. Funding The GenRe-Mekong project is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP11188166, OPP1204268). Genotyping and sequencing were funded by the Wellcome Trust (098051, 206194, 203141, 090770, 204911, 106698/B/14/Z) and Medical Research Council (G0600718). A proportion of samples were collected with the support of the UK Department for International Development (201900, M006212), and Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
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Diakiw S, VerMilyea M, Hall JMM, Sorby K, Nguyen T, Dakka MA, Perugini D, Perugini M. O-222 An artificial intelligence model that was trained on pregnancy outcomes for embryo viability assessment is highly correlated with Gardner Score. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab128.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Do artificial intelligence (AI) models used to assess embryo viability (based on pregnancy outcomes) also correlate with known embryo quality measures such as Gardner score?
Summary answer
An AI for embryo viability assessment also correlated with Gardner score, further substantiating the use of AI for assessment and selection of good quality embryos.
What is known already
The Gardner score consists of three separate components of embryo morphology that are graded individually, then combined to give a final score describing Day 5 embryo (blastocyst) quality. Evidence suggests the Gardner score has some correlation with clinical pregnancy. We hypothesized that an AI model trained to evaluate likelihood of clinical pregnancy based on fetal heartbeat (in clinical use globally) would also correlate with components of the Gardner score itself. We also compared the ability of the AI and Gardner score to predict pregnancy outcomes.
Study design, size, duration
This study involved analysis of a prospectively collected dataset of single static Day 5 embryo images with associated Gardner scores and AI viability scores. The dataset comprised time-lapse images of 1,485 embryos (EmbryoScope) from 638 patients treated at a single in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinic between November 2019 and December 2020. The AI model was not trained on data from this clinic.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Average patient age was 35.4 years. Embryologists manually graded each embryo using the Gardner method, then subsequently used the AI to obtain a score between 0 (predicted non-viable, unlikely to lead to a pregnancy) and 10 (predicted viable, likely to lead to a pregnancy). Correlation between the AI viability score and Gardner score was then assessed.
Main results and the role of chance
The average AI score was significantly correlated with the three components of the Gardner score: expansion grade, inner cell mass (ICM) grade, and trophectoderm grade. Average AI score generally increased with advancing blastocyst developmental stage.
Blastocysts with expansion grades of ≥ 3 are generally considered suitable for transfer. This study showed that embryos with expansion grade 3 had lower AI scores than those with grades 4-6, consistent with a reduced pregnancy rate. AI correlation with trophectoderm grade was more significant than with ICM grade, consistent with studies demonstrating that trophectoderm grade is more important than ICM in determining clinical pregnancy likelihood.
The AI predicted Gardner scores of ≥ 2BB with an accuracy of 71.7% (sensitivity 75.1%, specificity 45.9%), and an AUC of 0.68. However, when used to predict pregnancy outcome, the AI performed 27.9% better than the Gardner score (accuracies of 49.8% and 39.0% respectively).
Even though the AI was highly correlated with the Gardner score, the improved efficacy for predicting pregnancy suggests that a) the AI provides an advantage in standardization of scoring over the manual and subjective Gardner method, and b) the AI is likely identifying and evaluating morphological features of embryo quality that are not captured by the Gardner method.
Limitations, reasons for caution
The Gardner score is not a linear score, creating challenges with setting a suitable threshold relating to the prediction of pregnancy. The 2BB treshold was chosen based on literature (Munné et al 2019) and verified by experienced embryologists. This correlative study may also require additional confirmatory studies on independent datasets.
Wider implications of the findings
The correlation between AI scores and known features of embryo quality (Gardner score) substantiates the use of the AI for embryo assessment. The AI score provides further insight into components of the Gardner score, and may detect morphological features related to clinical pregnancy beyond those evaluated by the Gardner method.
Trial registration number
Not applicable
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Hall JMM, Dakka MA, Perugini D, Diakiw S, Nguyen T, Perugini M. P–202 Past embryo viability is not always a good predictor of future pregnancy: dynamic viability suggests video has limited benefit over static images for AI assessment. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab130.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Does embryo quality/viability change over time, suggesting the use of video for AI-based embryo quality assessment has limited benefit over single point-in-time images?
Summary answer
AI assessment of single static embryo images at multiple time-points indicates embryo viability is dynamic, and past viability is a limited predictor of future pregnancy.
What is known already
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been applied to the problem of embryo quality (viability) assessment using either video or single static images. However, whether historical data within video provide an additional advantage over single static images of embryos (at the time of transfer) for assessing embryo viability is not known. This applies to both manual and AI-based embryo assessment. If embryo viability changes over time prior to transfer, then the implication is that the assessment of future pregnancy using historical embryo data from videos would provide limited additional value over single static images taken immediately prior to transfer.
Study design, size, duration
Retrospective dataset of single embryo images taken at up-to three time-points prior to transfer: Early Day 5, Late Day 5 (8 hours later), and Early Day 6 (16 hours later), with corresponding fetal heartbeat (pregnancy) outcomes. The AI assessed the viability of each embryo at its available timepoints. Viability prediction was compared with pregnancy outcome to assess viability predictiveness at each timepoint prior to transfer, and assess the variability of viability over time.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Single static images of 173 embryos were taken using time-lapse incubators from a single IVF clinic. 116 embryos were viable (led to a pregnancy) and 57 were non-viable (did not lead to a pregnancy). The AI was trained on thousands of Day 5 static embryo images taken from multiple IVF laboratories and countries, but was not trained on data from this clinic.
Main results and the role of chance
When embryos were assessed as viable by the AI immediately prior to transfer (no delay), the AI accuracy (sensitivity) in predicting pregnancy was 88.1% (59/67) for Early Day 5, 84.8% (28/33) for Late Day 5 and 87.5% (14/16) for Early Day 6. When the delay between AI assessment and transfer is 8 hours, 16 hours and 24 hours, the the accuracy drops to 66.7% (22/33), 31.3% (5/16) and 12.5% (2/16), respectively.
These results indicate that the viability of the embryo is dynamic, and therefore time series analysis, i.e. using video, may not be well suited for embryo viability assessment because past viability is not necessarily a good predictor of future viability or pregnancy outcome. The viability of the embryo immediately prior to transfer, from a single static image, is a reliable predictor of viability. This is consistent with the current clinical practice of using Gardner score end-point assessment for embryo quality.
Results also suggest significant benefits from using time-lapse with AI, where AI continually assesses embryo viability over time using static images. The time point at which the embryo should be transferred to maximize pregnancy outcome is when the embryo has the greatest AI viability score.
Limitations, reasons for caution
Although evidence suggests past embryo viability is a limited predictor of future pregnancy, a side-by-side comparison of video versus single static image AI assessment would further verify that the historical or change in embryo development or viability has minimal impact on embryo viability assessment at the time prior to transfer.
Wider implications of the findings: Time-lapse and AI can beneficially change the way embryos are assessed. Continual AI monitoring of embryos enables optimization of which embryo to transfer and when, to ultimately improve pregnancy outcomes for patients. The findings also suggest that static end-point AI assessment is sufficient for predicting embryo implantation potential.
Trial registration number
Not applicable
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Varghese A, Esteves S, Kovacic B, Chatziparasidou A, Nijs M, Dakka M, Hall J, Perugini M, Nguyen T, Hreinsson J. P–782 A natural language processing approach of global survey results on what the embryologist thinks and faces. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab130.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
What are the major problems faced by embryologists at 1) Clinic level, 2) Professional level, 3) Personal level, and 4) What are their career goals?
Summary answer
Embryologists, essential professionals of Fertility Centres, are less satisfied in many quantifiable aspects, but they love their profession and have many aspirational goals.
What is known already
IVF success depends in part on embryologists’ skills. The need to recognize clinical embryology as a specialty and clinical embryologists’ educational level, responsibilities, and workload have been addressed by a few national societies. However, data are lacking from the embryologists’ viewpoint at a global level about their profession. Qualitative data-analysis methods provide thick, rich descriptions of subjects’ thoughts, feelings, and lived experiences but can be time-consuming, labor-intensive, and prone to bias.
Study design, size, duration
A questionnaire was prepared using SurveyMonkey online software (SurveyMonkey, Inc., USA) and distributed to IVF lab professionals through embryology societies, online social media, and email databases. The questionnaire consisted of open-ended questions focused on identifying problems faced by embryologists at the clinic, in the profession, and in a personal level, as well as questions about their career outlook. The survey was active from May 2016 until February 2017. From 73 countries, 720 responses were obtained.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Using natural language processing (NLP), the top 15 most frequently used keywords were identified and correlated with each other. Stronger correlation (≥0.5) between semantically similar words expressing a strong signal from each answer, and their usage was further analyzed for positive versus negative sentiment. By normalizing the frequency of positive/negative samples for each keyword as a percentage, “sentiment wheels” were produced, identifying the key concepts that respondents answered and quantifying how they felt about them.
Main results and the role of chance
The responses received were from 80% private, 17% public and 3% other ART settings distributed all over the world. From the embryologists’ viewpoints reported and after the NLP processing it was shown that the common topics related to strong negative sentiments were: embryologists’ remuneration (0.6) at the Clinic level; certification (0.7), recognition (0.5), respect (0.5), learn (0.5) and experience (0.5) at the Professional level; and remuneration (0.7), emotional (0.5) dealing (0.5) at the Personal level. Renumeration was reported and strongly related to embryologists’ viewpoint at both the clinic and personal level in combination with the need for certification, recognition and ongoing development at the Professional level. Moreover, the NLP processing demonstrated that the common topics on career goal analysis related to strong positive sentiments were: teaching (0.7), education (0.7), and continuation (0.5) all three topics are compatible with a professional orientation open to ongoing development and practice advancement. The NLP and the manual data analysis project an image of the typical embryologist as a knowledge seeking professional who is deeply dedicated to the job but feels the need for professional development and suffers some lack of recognition and feels in some cases not fairly treated as an employee.
Limitations, reasons for caution
The data obtained is limited. Only one natural language processing model was used to analyze the results. Different analysts using other methods may have different results. For these reasons, the results should be interpreted with caution.
Wider implications of the findings: It is important to focus on the lab as an organization and not just a service for the patients in treatment at the moment. The NLP results ultimately obtained may help streamline professional satisfaction efforts, and guide future quality management strategies
Trial registration number
Not applicable
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VerMilyea M, Diakiw S, Hall J, Dakka M, Nguyen T, Perugini D, Perugini M. P–228 AI-based assessment of embryo viability correlates with features of embryo ploidy. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab130.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Do AI models used to assess embryo viability (based on pregnancy outcome) also correlate with known embryo quality measures such as ploidy status?
Summary answer
An AI for embryo viability assessment correlated with ploidy status, and with karyotypic features of aneuploidy, supporting its use for embryo selection.
What is known already
One factor that can influence pregnancy success is the genetic status of the embryo. PGT-A is commonly used to test for embryo ploidy, with the aim of identifying karyotypically normal embryos (euploid embryos), for preferential transfer. There is evidence suggesting that transfer of euploid embryos produces favorable clinical outcomes over aneuploid embryos.
Given the AI model was trained to evaluate clinical pregnancy, it was hypothesized that the score might also correlate with ploidy status, and with different types of aneuploidies. Little is known about morphological correlations with embryo ploidy status, so we also sought to explore this relationship.
Study design, size, duration
This study involved analysis of a retrospective dataset of single static Day 5 embryo (blastocyst) images with associated PGT-A results and AI viability scores. The dataset comprised images of 5,469 embryos from 2,615 consecutive patients treated at five US IVF clinics between February 2015 and April 2020. The AI was trained on thousands of Day 5 embryo images from multiple IVF laboratories in multiple countries, but was not trained on data used in this study.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Average patient age was 36.2 years, and average embryo cohort size was 2.1/patient. PGT-A analysis was performed on embryos at time of evaluation. The dataset comprised 3,251 (59.4%) euploid embryos, 1,815 (33.2%) aneuploid embryos, and 403 (7.4%) mosaic embryos. The AI was retrospectively used to provide a score between 0 (predicted non-viable) and 10 (predicted viable) for each image. Correlation between the AI viability score and euploid, mosaic and aneuploid embryos was then assessed.
Main results and the role of chance
Results showed a statistically significant correlation between AI viability score and PGT-A outcome, consistent with a relationship between pregnancy outcome and ploidy status. The average score for euploid embryos was 8.20, which was significantly higher than the average score for aneuploid embryos of 7.80 (p < 0.0001).
There was a significant linear increase in confidence score from full aneuploid embryos, through mosaic embryos (average score 7.97), to full euploid embryos (mosaic threshold of 20–80%). High mosaic embryos tended to have a lower average score (7.60) than low mosaic embryos (7.96), consistent with correlation of viability (pregnancy outcome) with the degree of mosaicism. AI viability score also correlated with ploidy features believed to affect pregnancy outcomes. Trisomic changes had higher average scores than monosomic changes. Segmental changes had higher average scores than full gain or loss. The AI score differentiated euploid from aneuploid status more efficiently in embryos with poorer morphology than those with good morphology.
Whilst there was an evident correlation between pregnancy outcome and ploidy status, the AI was only weakly predictive of euploidy, with an accuracy of 57.3% using an AI viability score threshold of 7.5/10.This suggests pregnancy-related morphological features are somewhat correlated with embryo ploidy, but not completely.
Limitations, reasons for caution
The PGT-A technique is held to have some limitations for evaluating ploidy status, therefore it would be of benefit to perform additional confirmatory studies on independent datasets. It would be of interest to conduct prospective studies evaluating correlations between the AI’s evaluation of morphology and pregnancy outcome with ploidy status.
Wider implications of the findings: The AI score correlated with genetic features of embryos that are known to correlate with pregnancy, which further supports the efficacy and use of AI for embryo viability assessment. The AI identified morphological features that are somewhat predictive of ploidy status, with potential application to embryos of poorer Gardner score.
Trial registration number
none
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Lieu M, Nguyen T, Nguyen T, Dang T, Do D. Influence of extraction methods on bioactive compounds from Ngoc Linh ginseng callus. FOOD RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.26656/fr.2017.5(3).590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv or Vietnamese ginseng is a valuable medicinal herb
with high economic value in the world. In this study, three target compounds were
surveyed as polyphenols, polysaccharides, and saponins to evaluate the effects of factors
including microwave, ultrasound, enzyme amylase, and cellulase for the first time. The
results of the study showed that with different extraction conditions, the recovery
efficiency of polyphenol, polysaccharide, and saponin was also different. With the
addition of 1.2% of the enzyme amylase (v/v) in 8 hrs of incubation, the highest total
content of polyphenol and polysaccharide was obtained, equivalent to 6.48 mg GAE/g
sample and 312.48 mg Glu/g sample. While the total saponin content reached the highest
value of 4.60 mg/g sample at 4 hrs of incubation using 0.8% of cellulase enzyme (v/v).
The effect of microwave and ultrasound also showed a significant recovery efficiency for
the three analyzed compounds. But compared to the use of two enzymes (amylase,
cellulase), the efficiency was lower. The use of these extraction techniques was based on
the advantages of environmental friendliness, simple operation, lower investment costs,
and power saving. At the same time, it can improve the extraction and recovery efficiency
as well as the activity of bioactive compounds.
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Giovanni F, Di Girolamo T, Di Lieto A, Ding B, Di Pace S, Di Palma I, Di Renzo F, Divakarla AK, Dmitriev A, Doctor Z, D'Onofrio L, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doravari S, Dorrington I, Drago M, Driggers JC, Drori Y, Du Z, Ducoin JG, Dupej P, Durante O, D'Urso D, Duverne PA, Dwyer SE, Easter PJ, Ebersold M, Eddolls G, Edelman B, Edo TB, Edy O, Effler A, Eguchi S, Eichholz J, Eikenberry SS, Eisenmann M, Eisenstein RA, Ejlli A, Enomoto Y, Errico L, Essick RC, Estellés H, Estevez D, Etienne Z, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans TM, Ewing BE, Fafone V, Fair H, Fairhurst S, Fan X, Farah AM, Farinon S, Farr B, Farr WM, Farrow NW, Fauchon-Jones EJ, Favata M, Fays M, Fazio M, Feicht J, Fejer MM, Feng F, Fenyvesi E, Ferguson DL, Fernandez-Galiana A, Ferrante I, Ferreira TA, Fidecaro F, Figura P, Fiori I, Fishbach M, Fisher RP, Fishner JM, Fittipaldi R, Fiumara V, Flaminio R, Floden E, Flynn E, Fong H, Font JA, Fornal B, Forsyth PWF, Franke A, Frasca S, Frasconi F, Frederick C, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fronzé GG, Fujii Y, Fujikawa Y, Fukunaga M, Fukushima M, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Gabbard HA, Gadre BU, Gaebel SM, Gair JR, Gais J, Galaudage S, Gamba R, Ganapathy D, Ganguly A, Gao D, Gaonkar SG, Garaventa B, García-Núñez C, García-Quirós C, Garufi F, Gateley B, Gaudio S, Gayathri V, Ge G, Gemme G, Gennai A, George J, Gergely L, Gewecke P, Ghonge S, Ghosh A, Ghosh A, Ghosh S, Ghosh S, Ghosh S, Giacomazzo B, Giacoppo L, Giaime JA, Giardina KD, Gibson DR, Gier C, Giesler M, Giri P, Gissi F, Glanzer J, Gleckl AE, Godwin P, Goetz E, Goetz R, Gohlke N, Goncharov B, González G, Gopakumar A, Gosselin M, Gouaty R, Grace B, Grado A, Granata M, Granata V, Grant A, Gras S, Grassia P, Gray C, Gray R, Greco G, Green AC, Green R, Gretarsson AM, Gretarsson EM, Griffith D, Griffiths W, Griggs HL, Grignani G, Grimaldi A, Grimes E, Grimm SJ, Grote H, Grunewald S, Gruning P, Guerrero JG, Guidi GM, Guimaraes AR, Guixé G, Gulati HK, Guo HK, Guo Y, Gupta A, Gupta A, Gupta P, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Guzman F, Ha S, Haegel L, Hagiwara A, Haino S, Halim O, Hall ED, Hamilton EZ, Hammond G, Han WB, Haney M, Hanks J, Hanna C, Hannam MD, Hannuksela OA, Hansen H, Hansen TJ, Hanson J, Harder T, Hardwick T, Haris K, Harms J, Harry GM, Harry IW, Hartwig D, Hasegawa K, Haskell B, Hasskew RK, Haster CJ, Hattori K, Haughian K, Hayakawa H, Hayama K, Hayes FJ, Healy J, Heidmann A, Heintze MC, Heinze J, Heinzel J, Heitmann H, Hellman F, Hello P, Helmling-Cornell AF, Hemming G, Hendry M, Heng IS, Hennes E, Hennig J, Hennig MH, Hernandez Vivanco F, Heurs M, Hild S, Hill P, Himemoto Y, Hines AS, Hiranuma Y, Hirata N, Hirose E, Hochheim S, Hofman D, Hohmann JN, Holgado AM, Holland NA, Hollows IJ, Holmes ZJ, Holt K, Holz DE, Hong Z, Hopkins P, Hough J, Howell EJ, Hoy CG, Hoyland D, Hreibi A, Hsieh B, Hsu Y, Huang GZ, Huang HY, Huang P, Huang YC, Huang YJ, Huang YW, Hübner MT, Huddart AD, Huerta EA, Hughey B, Hui DCY, Hui V, Husa S, Huttner SH, Huxford R, Huynh-Dinh T, Ide S, Idzkowski B, Iess A, Ikenoue B, Imam S, Inayoshi K, Inchauspe H, Ingram C, Inoue Y, Intini G, Ioka K, Isi M, Isleif K, Ito K, Itoh Y, Iyer BR, Izumi K, JaberianHamedan V, Jacqmin T, Jadhav SJ, Jadhav SP, James AL, Jan AZ, Jani K, Janssens K, Janthalur NN, Jaranowski P, Jariwala D, Jaume R, Jenkins AC, Jeon C, Jeunon M, Jia W, Jiang J, Jin HB, Johns GR, Jones AW, Jones DI, Jones JD, Jones P, Jones R, Jonker RJG, Ju L, Jung K, Jung P, Junker J, Kaihotsu K, Kajita T, Kakizaki M, Kalaghatgi CV, Kalogera V, Kamai B, Kamiizumi M, Kanda N, Kandhasamy S, Kang G, Kanner JB, Kao Y, Kapadia SJ, Kapasi DP, Karathanasis C, Karki S, Kashyap R, Kasprzack M, Kastaun W, Katsanevas S, Katsavounidis E, Katzman W, Kaur T, Kawabe K, Kawaguchi K, Kawai N, Kawasaki T, Kéfélian F, Keitel D, Key JS, Khadka S, Khalili FY, Khan I, Khan S, Khazanov EA, Khetan N, Khursheed M, Kijbunchoo N, Kim C, Kim JC, Kim J, Kim K, Kim WS, Kim YM, Kimball C, Kimura N, King PJ, Kinley-Hanlon M, Kirchhoff R, Kissel JS, Kita N, Kitazawa H, Kleybolte L, Klimenko S, Knee AM, Knowles TD, Knyazev E, Koch P, Koekoek G, Kojima Y, Kokeyama K, Koley S, Kolitsidou P, Kolstein M, Komori K, Kondrashov V, Kong AKH, Kontos A, Koper N, Korobko M, Kotake K, Kovalam M, Kozak DB, Kozakai C, Kozu R, Kringel V, Krishnendu NV, Królak A, Kuehn G, Kuei F, Kumar A, Kumar P, Kumar R, Kumar R, Kume J, Kuns K, Kuo C, Kuo HS, Kuromiya Y, Kuroyanagi S, Kusayanagi K, Kwak K, Kwang S, Laghi D, Lalande E, Lam TL, Lamberts A, Landry M, Lane BB, Lang RN, Lange J, Lantz B, La Rosa I, Lartaux-Vollard A, Lasky PD, Laxen M, Lazzarini A, Lazzaro C, Leaci P, Leavey S, Lecoeuche YK, Lee HK, Lee HM, Lee HW, Lee J, Lee K, Lee R, Lehmann J, Lemaître A, Leon E, Leonardi M, Leroy N, Letendre N, Levin Y, Leviton JN, Li AKY, Li B, Li J, Li KL, Li TGF, Li X, Lin CY, Lin FK, Lin FL, Lin HL, Lin LCC, Linde F, Linker SD, Linley JN, Littenberg TB, Liu GC, Liu J, Liu K, Liu X, Llorens-Monteagudo M, Lo RKL, Lockwood A, Lollie ML, London LT, Longo A, Lopez D, Lorenzini M, Loriette V, Lormand M, Losurdo G, Lough JD, Lousto CO, Lovelace G, Lück H, Lumaca D, Lundgren AP, Luo LW, Macas R, MacInnis M, Macleod DM, MacMillan IAO, Macquet A, Magaña Hernandez I, Magaña-Sandoval F, Magazzù C, Magee RM, Maggiore R, Majorana E, Maksimovic I, Maliakal S, Malik A, Man N, Mandic V, Mangano V, Mango JL, Mansell GL, Manske M, Mantovani M, Marchesoni F, Marchio M, Marion F, Mark Z, Márka S, Márka Z, Markakis C, Markosyan AS, Markowitz A, Maros E, Marquina A, Marsat S, Martelli F, Martin IW, Martin RM, Martinez M, Martinez V, Martinovic K, Martynov DV, Marx EJ, Masalehdan H, Mason K, Massera E, Masserot A, Massinger TJ, Masso-Reid M, Mastrogiovanni S, Matas A, Mateu-Lucena M, Matichard F, Matiushechkina M, Mavalvala N, McCann JJ, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McClincy P, McCormick S, McCuller L, McGhee GI, McGuire SC, McIsaac C, McIver J, McManus DJ, McRae T, McWilliams ST, Meacher D, Mehmet M, Mehta AK, Melatos A, Melchor DA, Mendell G, Menendez-Vazquez A, Menoni CS, Mercer RA, Mereni L, Merfeld K, Merilh EL, Merritt JD, Merzougui M, Meshkov S, Messenger C, Messick C, Meyers PM, Meylahn F, Mhaske A, Miani A, Miao H, Michaloliakos I, Michel C, Michimura Y, Middleton H, Milano L, Miller AL, Millhouse M, Mills JC, Milotti E, Milovich-Goff MC, Minazzoli O, Minenkov Y, Mio N, Mir LM, Mishkin A, Mishra C, Mishra T, Mistry T, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Miyamoto A, Miyazaki Y, Miyo K, Miyoki S, Mo G, Mogushi K, Mohapatra SRP, Mohite SR, Molina I, Molina-Ruiz M, Mondin M, Montani M, Moore CJ, Moraru D, Morawski F, More A, Moreno C, Moreno G, Mori Y, Morisaki S, Moriwaki Y, Mours B, Mow-Lowry CM, Mozzon S, Muciaccia F, Mukherjee A, Mukherjee D, Mukherjee S, Mukherjee S, Mukund N, Mullavey A, Munch J, Muñiz EA, Murray PG, Musenich R, Nadji SL, Nagano K, Nagano S, Nakamura K, Nakano H, Nakano M, Nakashima R, Nakayama Y, Nardecchia I, Narikawa T, Naticchioni L, Nayak B, Nayak RK, Negishi R, Neil BF, Neilson J, Nelemans G, Nelson TJN, Nery M, 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Shibagaki S, Shikauchi M, Shimizu R, Shimoda T, Shimode K, Shink R, Shinkai H, Shishido T, Shoda A, Shoemaker DH, Shoemaker DM, Shukla K, ShyamSundar S, Sieniawska M, Sigg D, Singer LP, Singh D, Singh N, Singha A, Sintes AM, Sipala V, Skliris V, Slagmolen BJJ, Slaven-Blair TJ, Smetana J, Smith JR, Smith RJE, Somala SN, Somiya K, Son EJ, Soni K, Soni S, Sorazu B, Sordini V, Sorrentino F, Sorrentino N, Sotani H, Soulard R, Souradeep T, Sowell E, Spagnuolo V, Spencer AP, Spera M, Srivastava AK, Srivastava V, Staats K, Stachie C, Steer DA, Steinlechner J, Steinlechner S, Stops DJ, Stover M, Strain KA, Strang LC, Stratta G, Strunk A, Sturani R, Stuver AL, Südbeck J, Sudhagar S, Sudhir V, Sugimoto R, Suh HG, Summerscales TZ, Sun H, Sun L, Sunil S, Sur A, Suresh J, Sutton PJ, Suzuki T, Suzuki T, Swinkels BL, Szczepańczyk MJ, Szewczyk P, Tacca M, Tagoshi H, Tait SC, Takahashi H, Takahashi R, Takamori A, Takano S, Takeda H, Takeda M, Talbot C, Tanaka H, Tanaka K, Tanaka K, Tanaka T, Tanaka T, Tanasijczuk AJ, Tanioka S, Tanner DB, Tao D, Tapia A, Tapia San Martin EN, Tapia San Martin EN, Tasson JD, Telada S, Tenorio R, Terkowski L, Test M, Thirugnanasambandam MP, Thomas M, Thomas P, Thompson JE, Thondapu SR, Thorne KA, Thrane E, Tiwari S, Tiwari S, Tiwari V, Toland K, Tolley AE, Tomaru T, Tomigami Y, Tomura T, Tonelli M, Torres-Forné A, Torrie CI, Tosta E Melo I, Töyrä D, Trapananti A, Travasso F, Traylor G, Tringali MC, Tripathee A, Troiano L, Trovato A, Trozzo L, Trudeau RJ, Tsai DS, Tsai D, Tsang KW, Tsang T, Tsao JS, Tse M, Tso R, Tsubono K, Tsuchida S, Tsukada L, Tsuna D, Tsutsui T, Tsuzuki T, Turconi M, Tuyenbayev D, Ubhi AS, Uchikata N, Uchiyama T, Udall RP, Ueda A, Uehara T, Ueno K, Ueshima G, Ugolini D, Unnikrishnan CS, Uraguchi F, Urban AL, Ushiba T, Usman SA, Utina AC, Vahlbruch H, Vajente G, Vajpeyi A, Valdes G, Valentini M, Valsan V, van Bakel N, van Beuzekom M, van den Brand JFJ, Van Den Broeck C, Vander-Hyde DC, van der Schaaf L, van Heijningen JV, van Putten MHPM, van Remortel N, Vardaro M, Vargas AF, Varma V, Vasúth M, Vecchio A, Vedovato G, Veitch J, Veitch PJ, Venkateswara K, Venneberg J, Venugopalan G, Verkindt D, Verma Y, Veske D, Vetrano F, Viceré A, Viets AD, Villa-Ortega V, Vinet JY, Vitale S, Vo T, Vocca H, von Reis ERG, Vorvick C, Vyatchanin SP, Wade LE, Wade M, Wagner KJ, Walet RC, Walker M, Wallace GS, Wallace L, Walsh S, Wang J, Wang JZ, Wang WH, Ward RL, Warner J, Was M, Washimi T, Washington NY, Watchi J, Weaver B, Wei L, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Weller CM, Wellmann F, Wen L, Weßels P, Westhouse JW, Wette K, Whelan JT, White DD, Whiting BF, Whittle C, Wilken D, Williams D, Williams MJ, Williamson AR, Willis JL, Willke B, Wilson DJ, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wlodarczyk T, Woan G, Woehler J, Wofford JK, Wong ICF, Wrangel J, Wu C, Wu DS, Wu H, Wu S, Wysocki DM, Xiao L, Xu WR, Yamada T, Yamamoto H, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto T, Yamashita K, Yamazaki R, Yang FW, Yang L, Yang Y, Yang Y, Yang Z, Yap MJ, Yeeles DW, Yelikar AB, Ying M, Yokogawa K, Yokoyama J, Yokozawa T, Yoon A, Yoshioka T, Yu H, Yu H, Yuzurihara H, Zadrożny A, Zanolin M, Zeidler S, Zelenova T, Zendri JP, Zevin M, Zhan M, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhang R, Zhang T, Zhao C, Zhao G, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Zhou Z, Zhu XJ, Zhu ZH, Zucker ME, Zweizig J. Constraints on Cosmic Strings Using Data from the Third Advanced LIGO-Virgo Observing Run. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:241102. [PMID: 34213926 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.97.102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We search for gravitational-wave signals produced by cosmic strings in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo full O3 dataset. Search results are presented for gravitational waves produced by cosmic string loop features such as cusps, kinks, and, for the first time, kink-kink collisions. A template-based search for short-duration transient signals does not yield a detection. We also use the stochastic gravitational-wave background energy density upper limits derived from the O3 data to constrain the cosmic string tension Gμ as a function of the number of kinks, or the number of cusps, for two cosmic string loop distribution models. Additionally, we develop and test a third model that interpolates between these two models. Our results improve upon the previous LIGO-Virgo constraints on Gμ by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude depending on the model that is tested. In particular, for the one-loop distribution model, we set the most competitive constraints to date: Gμ≲4×10^{-15}. In the case of cosmic strings formed at the end of inflation in the context of grand unified theories, these results challenge simple inflationary models.
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Constraints on Cosmic Strings Using Data from the Third Advanced LIGO-Virgo Observing Run. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:241102. [PMID: 34213926 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.241102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We search for gravitational-wave signals produced by cosmic strings in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo full O3 dataset. Search results are presented for gravitational waves produced by cosmic string loop features such as cusps, kinks, and, for the first time, kink-kink collisions. A template-based search for short-duration transient signals does not yield a detection. We also use the stochastic gravitational-wave background energy density upper limits derived from the O3 data to constrain the cosmic string tension Gμ as a function of the number of kinks, or the number of cusps, for two cosmic string loop distribution models. Additionally, we develop and test a third model that interpolates between these two models. Our results improve upon the previous LIGO-Virgo constraints on Gμ by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude depending on the model that is tested. In particular, for the one-loop distribution model, we set the most competitive constraints to date: Gμ≲4×10^{-15}. In the case of cosmic strings formed at the end of inflation in the context of grand unified theories, these results challenge simple inflationary models.
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