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Markert UR, Pastuschek J, Heger JI, Favaro R, Bär C, Weber M, Kuon RJ, Toth B, Schleußner E. Natürliche Killerzellen und Plasmazellen im Endometrium bei Patientinnen mit unerfülltem Kinderwunsch. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1645891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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52
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Froehlich K, Stensheim H, Markert UR, Turowski G. Breast carcinoma in pregnancy with spheroid-like placental metastases-a case report. APMIS 2018; 126:448-452. [PMID: 29665170 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies diagnosed in pregnancy. Although the tumor is often detected at an advanced stage, placental metastases are rare. Here, we describe the case of a woman with breast cancer recurrence during pregnancy and subsequent metastases. The focus of this study is the large amount of placenta metastases, which have been analyzed immunohistochemically. Staining with trophoblast markers (placenta alkaline phosphatase, beta human chorionic gonadotropin and human placental lactogen) showed the strict localization of metastases in the intervillous space without invasion into fetal tissue. They have a large spheroidal shape and are free of blood vessels. Staining with Ki-67 revealed an outer proliferative shell and inner necrotic core. At week 28, a healthy newborn was born by elective cesarean section. A few weeks later, after surgery and FEC60 (fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide) cycles, the patient died. Breast cancer metastases in the placenta are rarely described. The special immunological environment in pregnancy may influence phenotype, growth, and behavior of tumor and metastases.
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Heger JI, Froehlich K, Pastuschek J, Schmidt A, Baer C, Mrowka R, Backsch C, Schleußner E, Markert UR, Schmidt A. Human serum alters cell culture behavior and improves spheroid formation in comparison to fetal bovine serum. Exp Cell Res 2018; 365:57-65. [PMID: 29476836 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) as growth supplement for human cell and tissue culture is widely spread in basic research as well as in clinical approaches, although several limitations must be considered, such as unstable composition and availability, biosafety and ethical aspects. Regarding interspecies differences, xenogeneic growth factors may evoke incompatibilities and non-desired interactions with human cells resulting in imprecise outcome of human-relevant data. METHODS In this study the functionality of human serum (HS) has been investigated in comparison to FBS by assessing proliferation, migration and invasion of the human cervical cancer cell lines SiHa and HeLa. The effects of both sera on spheroid formation were analyzed microscopically. RESULTS Both, FBS and HS, stimulate cell proliferation and migration similarly, whereas HS significantly enhanced cell invasion. The spheroid formation assay revealed remarkable differences between both sera, especially for SiHa cells. While in FBS supplemented medium cells only formed loose aggregates, HS induced regularly shaped spheroids under all tested conditions. CONCLUSION We were able to demonstrate that HS and FBS differently influence behavior of cells in culture which may have an impact on experimental results, especially in 3D cultures.
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Adibi J, Burton GJ, Clifton V, Collins S, Frias AE, Gierman L, Grigsby P, Jones H, Lee C, Maloyan A, Markert UR, Morales-Prieto DM, Murthi P, Myatt L, Pollheimer J, Roberts V, Robinson W, Salafia C, Schabel M, Shah D, Sled J, Vaillancourt C, Weber M, O'Tierney-Ginn PF. IFPA meeting 2016 workshop report II: Placental imaging, placenta and development of other organs, sexual dimorphism in placental function and trophoblast cell lines. Placenta 2017; 60 Suppl 1:S10-S14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Heger JI, Fröhlich K, Uhl L, Schmidt A, Markert UR. Toxicological analyses on placental explant cultures. Placenta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.07.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chaiwangyen W, Morales-Prieto DM, Schleussner E, Markert UR. Effect of Extracellular Vesicles containing microRNA-21 on trophoblastic and immune cell functions. Placenta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.07.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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57
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Mary Photini S, Chaiwangyen W, Weber M, Al-Kawlani B, Favaro RR, Jeschke U, Schleussner E, Morales-Prieto DM, Markert UR. PIM kinases 1, 2 and 3 in intracellular LIF signaling, proliferation and apoptosis in trophoblastic cells. Exp Cell Res 2017; 359:275-283. [PMID: 28729093 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Proviral insertion in murine (PIM) lymphoma proteins are mainly regulated by the Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway, which can be activated by members of the Interleukin-6 (IL-6) family, including Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF). Aim of the study was to compare PIM1, PIM2 and PIM3 expression and potential cellular functions in human first and third trimester trophoblast cells, the immortalized first trimester extravillous trophoblast cell line HTR8/SVneo and the choriocarcinoma cell line JEG-3. Expression was analyzed by qPCR and immunochemical staining. Functions were evaluated by PIM inhibition followed by analysis of kinetics of cell viability as assessed by MTS assay, proliferation by BrdU assay, and apoptosis by Western blotting for BAD, BCL-XL, (cleaved) PARP, CASP3 and c-MYC. Apoptosis and necrosis were tested by flow cytometry (annexin V/propidium iodide staining). All analyzed PIM kinases are expressed in primary trophoblast cells and both cell lines and are regulated upon stimulation with LIF. Inhibition of PIM kinases significantly reduces viability and proliferation and induces apoptosis. Simultaneously, phosphorylation of c-MYC was reduced. These results demonstrate the involvement of PIM kinases in LIF-induced regulation in different trophoblastic cell lines which may indicate similar functions in primary cells.
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Kuon RJ, Weber M, Heger J, Santillán I, Vomstein K, Bär C, Strowitzki T, Markert UR, Toth B. Uterine natural killer cells in patients with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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59
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Pereira de Sousa FL, Chaiwangyen W, Morales-Prieto DM, Ospina-Prieto S, Weber M, Photini SM, Sass N, Daher S, Schleussner E, Markert UR. Involvement of STAT1 in proliferation and invasiveness of trophoblastic cells. Reprod Biol 2017; 17:218-224. [PMID: 28552376 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Trophoblast proliferation and invasion are controlled by cytokines and growth factors present at the implantation site. Members of the Interleukin-6 (IL-6) family of cytokines trigger their effects through activation of intracellular cascades including the Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway. Functions of several STAT molecules in trophoblast cells have been described, but the role of STAT1 remained unclear. Here, potential functions of STAT1 and its activation by Oncostatin M (OSM) have been investigated in an in vitro model. STAT1 expression and phosphorylation were analyzed in human term placenta tissue by immunohistochemistry. HTR-8/SVneo cells (immortalized human extravillous trophoblast cells) were stimulated with OSM, IL-6, IL-11, Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) and Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor. Expression and phosphorylation of STAT1 were analyzed by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Fludarabine and STAT1 siRNA were employed for STAT1 depletion. STAT1 transcriptional activity was evaluated by DNA-binding capacity assay. Cell viability and invasion were assessed by MTS and Matrigel assays, respectively. STAT1 was expressed in villous and extravillous trophoblast cells. Low phosphorylation was detectable exclusively in extravillous trophoblast cells. Only OSM and LIF induced phosphorylation of STAT1 in the in vitro model. Challenge with OSM increased cell invasion but not proliferation. Inhibition of STAT1 by fludarabine treatment or STAT1 siRNA transfection reduced cell viability and invasiveness in presence and absence of OSM. These results indicate the potential involvement of STAT1 in the regulation of trophoblast behavior. Furthermore, STAT 1 functions are more efficiently inhibited by blocking its expression than its phosphorylation.
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Heger J, Fröhlich K, Schmidt A, Markert UR. Plazenta-Explantate als Modell für toxikologische Analysen. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Fröhlich K, Morgner S, Hauswald L, Heger J, Markert UR. Erwünschte und unerwünschte Effekte von Chemotherapeutika auf Mammakarzinom- und Trophoblast-Sphäroide. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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62
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Kuon RJ, Togawa R, Vomstein K, Weber M, Goeggl T, Strowitzki T, Markert UR, Zimmermann S, Daniel V, Dalpke AH, Toth B. Higher prevalence of colonization with Gardnerella vaginalis and gram-negative anaerobes in patients with recurrent miscarriage and elevated peripheral natural killer cells. J Reprod Immunol 2017; 120:15-19. [PMID: 28388469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The role of vaginal infections in recurrent miscarriage (RM) is discussed controversially and screening is not recommended in international guidelines. Peripheral and uterine NK cells (pNK, uNK) play an important role in the establishment of a healthy pregnancy and are targets of immune diagnostics in RM patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the composition of the vaginal microbiota in RM patients and to correlate the findings to clinical characteristics as well as NK cell parameters. In total, n=243 RM patients with ≥3 consecutive miscarriages were recruited between 11/2011 and 03/2016. Vaginal swabs were analyzed by microbiological culture. Further, a cervical swab was taken in n=187 patients and the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis was evaluated by a molecular assay. Peripheral blood levels of CD45+CD3-CD56+CD16+ pNK (determined by four-color fluorescence flow cytometry) and CD56+ uNK (uterine biopsy, determined by immunohistochemistry) were analyzed. The prevalence of Gardnerella vaginalis colonization in RM patients was 19.0%, gram-negative anaerobes 20.5%, Candida species 7.9%, group B Streptococcus 11.0% and Enterobacteriaceae 14.8%. Commensal lactobacilli were absent in 14.5% of the women. Chlamydia trachomatis was detected in n=1 case (0.53%). The prevalence of Gardnerella vaginalis and gram-negative anaerobes in RM patients with elevated pNK (>280/μl, n=69) was significantly higher (p=0.012, p=0.04) compared to patients with normal pNK (n=174). In conclusion, RM patients with elevated pNK suffer more often from colonization by Gardnerella vaginalis and gram-negative anaerobes. This might indicate an association between the vaginal microbiota, local inflammation, changes in immune parameters and miscarriage.
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Alvarez AM, Balcázar N, San Martín S, Markert UR, Cadavid AP. Modulation of antiphospholipid antibodies-induced trophoblast damage by different drugs used to prevent pregnancy morbidity associated with antiphospholipid syndrome. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 77. [PMID: 28132398 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Women with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) present a risk of pregnancy morbidity (PM), vascular thrombosis (VT), or both (PM/VT). aPLs affect trophoblast function, and the aim of this study was to determine the modulation of this aPL-induced damage by different drugs. METHOD OF STUDY IgG was obtained from women with PM and PM/VT positive to aPLs. Binding of IgG to trophoblastic cells, proliferation, mitochondrial membrane integrity, and trophoblast invasion were assessed. The effect of enoxaparin, aspirin, and aspirin-triggered lipoxin (ATL) were evaluated as well as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation. RESULTS IgG from women with aPLs strongly binds to trophoblastic cells. Integrity of mitochondrial membrane was reduced, and proliferation was increased by IgG-PM/VT. Both IgG-PM and IgG-PM/VT decreased trophoblast invasion, which was restored by enoxaparin, aspirin, and ATL. IgG-PM triggered reduction in STAT3 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION Some drugs used to prevent aPL-induced PM modulated the alteration of trophoblast function.
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Froehlich K, Haeger JD, Heger J, Pastuschek J, Photini SM, Yan Y, Lupp A, Pfarrer C, Mrowka R, Schleußner E, Markert UR, Schmidt A. Generation of Multicellular Breast Cancer Tumor Spheroids: Comparison of Different Protocols. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2016; 21:89-98. [PMID: 27518775 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-016-9359-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicellular tumor spheroids are widely used models in tumor research. Because of their three dimensional organization they can simulate avascular tumor areas comprising proliferative and necrotic cells. Nonetheless, protocols for spheroid generation are still inconsistent. Therefore, in this study the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 have been used to compare different spheroid generation models including hanging drop, liquid overlay and suspension culture techniques, each under several conditions. Experimental approaches differed in cell numbers (400-10,000), media and additives (25 % methocel, 25 % methocel plus 1 % Matrigel, 3.5 % Matrigel). In total, 42 different experimental setups have been tested. Generation of spheroids was evaluated by light microscopy and the structural composition was assessed immunohistochemically by means of Ki-67, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (cPARP) and mucin-1 (MUC-1) expression. Although the tested cell lines diverged widely in their capacity of forming spheroids we recommend hanging drops supplemented with 25 % methocel as the most reliable and efficient method with regard to success of generation of uniform spheroids, costs, experimental complexity and time expenditure in the different cell lines. MCF-7 cells formed spheroids under almost all analyzed conditions, and MDA-MB-231 cells under only one protocol (liquid overlay technique, 3.5 % Matrigel), while SK-BR-3 did not under neither condition. Therefore, we outline specific methods and recommend the use of adapted and standardized spheroid generation protocols for each cell line.
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Foster BP, Balassa T, Benen TD, Dominovic M, Elmadjian GK, Florova V, Fransolet MD, Kestlerova A, Kmiecik G, Kostadinova IA, Kyvelidou C, Meggyes M, Mincheva MN, Moro L, Pastuschek J, Spoldi V, Wandernoth P, Weber M, Toth B, Markert UR. Extracellular vesicles in blood, milk and body fluids of the female and male urogenital tract and with special regard to reproduction. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2016; 53:379-95. [PMID: 27191915 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2016.1190682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from almost all cells and tissues. They are able to transport substances (e.g. proteins, RNA or DNA) at higher concentrations than in their environment and may adhere in a receptor-controlled manner to specific cells or tissues in order to release their content into the respective target structure. Blood contains high concentrations of EVs mainly derived from platelets, and, at a smaller amount, from erythrocytes. The female and male reproductive tracts produce EVs which may be associated with fertility or infertility and are released into body fluids and mucosas of the urogenital organs. In this review, the currently relevant detection methods are presented and critically compared. During pregnancy, placenta-derived EVs are dynamically detectable in peripheral blood with changing profiles depending upon progress of pregnancy and different pregnancy-associated pathologies, such as preeclampsia. EVs offer novel non-invasive diagnostic tools which may reflect the situation of the placenta and the foetus. EVs in urine have the potential of reflecting urogenital diseases including cancers of the neighbouring organs. Several methods for detection, quantification and phenotyping of EVs have been established, which include electron microscopy, flow cytometry, ELISA-like methods, Western blotting and analyses based on Brownian motion. This review article summarises the current knowledge about EVs in blood and cord blood, in the different compartments of the male and female reproductive tracts, in trophoblast cells from normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies, in placenta ex vivo perfusate, in the amniotic fluid, and in breast milk, as well as their potential effects on natural killer cells as possible targets.
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Kuon RJ, Vomstein K, Weber M, Müller F, Seitz C, Wallwiener S, Strowitzki T, Schleussner E, Markert UR, Daniel V, Toth B. The "killer cell story" in recurrent miscarriage: Association between activated peripheral lymphocytes and uterine natural killer cells. J Reprod Immunol 2016; 119:9-14. [PMID: 27865124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral and uterine NK cells (pNK, uNK) can be distinguished according to their receptor expression. Recent studies indicate an association of elevated pNK and uNK with recurrent miscarriage (RM). This study aimed to analyze pNK and uNK in patients with RM and healthy controls. Out of n=590 RM patients screened according to a standard diagnostic protocol, n=268 couples with ≥3 consecutive RM were identified. Subgroups consisted of n=151 primary RM (pRM), n=85 secondary RM (sRM), n=32 tertiary RM (tRM) and n=42 healthy controls. Finally, n=147 idiopathic RM (iRM) and n=121 non-iRM patients were identified. Peripheral blood levels of CD45+CD3-CD56+CD16+ NK cells were determined in non-pregnant patients and controls in the mid-luteal phase by FACS. In n=129 RM patients a uterine biopsy was taken to evaluate CD56+ NK cells by immunohistochemistry. PRM showed higher absolute pNK than sRM (median/μl (Q1;Q3): 234 (147;306) vs 176 (128;245), p=0.02). Further a trend towards higher pNK percentages in pRM was detected. UNK numbers did not differ between RM subgroups and did not correlate with pNK. However, the rate of highly elevated uNK was increased in iRM compared to non-iRM patients (p=0.04). Further, higher numbers of CD45+CD3-DR+ (p<0.01) and CD45+CD3+CD8+DR+ (p=0.04) peripheral lymphocytes were associated with higher uNK numbers. In conclusion, elevated pNK were present in pRM patients. Although pNK and uNK numbers did not correlate, the association between high CD45+CD3-DR+ and CD45+CD3+CD8+DR+ peripheral lymphocytes and uNK might indicate that activated NK, B and T cells provide cytokines for the differentiation of uNK.
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Franz C, Böing AN, Montag M, Strowitzki T, Markert UR, Mastenbroek S, Nieuwland R, Toth B. Extracellular vesicles in human follicular fluid do not promote coagulation. Reprod Biomed Online 2016; 33:652-655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Göhner C, Fledderus J, Fitzgerald JS, Weber M, Schleußner E, Markert UR, Scherjon SS, Plösch T, Faas MM. Synzytiotrophoblastäre extrazelluläre Vesikel aus gesunden und präeklamptischen Plazenten induzieren Monozyten- und Granulozytenaktivierung. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1593239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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69
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Heger J, Fröhlich K, Avemag S, Schmidt A, Mrowka R, Groten T, Markert UR, Schleußner E. Toxikologische Analysen an plazentarem Gewebe: Der Einfluss von Chemotherapeutika auf Trophoblastzellen. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1592682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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70
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Weber M, Toth B, Santillan I, Schleußner E, Markert UR. Immunohistochemical analysis of CD56-positive uNK-cells in the endometrium. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1592766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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71
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Göhner C, Fitzgerald JS, Fledderus J, Weber M, Schleußner E, Markert UR, Faas MM, Plösch T, Scherjon SS. Synzytiotrophoblastäre extrazelluläre Vesikel induzieren einen toleranten Phänotyp in Lymphozyten. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1593036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Pastuschek J, Butans A, Remane D, Peters FT, Markert UR, Schleußner E, Groten T. Kontinuierlicher transplazentarer Übertritt von Ampicillin und Cefotaxim. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1593252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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73
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Photini SM, Chaiwangyen W, Al-kawlani B, Morales-Prieto DM, Schleussner E, Markert UR. PIM Kinases in Trophoblast cells. Placenta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gutiérrez-Samudio RN, Heimann Y, Markert UR, Morales-Prieto DM. Role of miR-141 in angiogenesis and communication between trophoblast and endothelial cells via extracellular vesicles with emphasis on preeclampsia. Placenta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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75
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Pastuschek J, Butans A, Remane D, Peters FT, Markert UR, Schleußner E, Groten T. Transfer of ampicillin and cefotaxime through the placenta. Placenta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.06.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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