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Yu Y, Hu L, Huang X, Zhou W, Bao H, Cheng X. BMI modifies the association between serum HDL cholesterol and stroke in a hypertensive population without atrial fibrillation. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:173-181. [PMID: 32406023 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Both high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and body mass index (BMI) have an impact on the prevalence of stroke. However, it is unclear whether BMI can modify the relationship between HDL-C and stroke. Therefore, we aimed to assess the effect of the BMI on the association between HDL-C and stroke in a hypertensive population without atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS We analyzed data of 10,925 hypertensive patients without AF from the Chinese Hypertension Registry Study. BMI was categorized as < 24 and ≥ 24 kg/m2. Multivariate logistic regression and smooth curve fitting (penalized spline method) were used to analyze the association between HDL-C and stroke in different BMI groups. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests were used to explore the effect of other variables on this relationship. RESULTS The results showed a negative association between HDL-C and stroke in the BMI < 24 kg/m2 group, but HDL-C was not associated with stroke in the BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 group. In the BMI < 24 kg/m2 group, each 1 mmol/L increase in HDL-C was associated with a 50% decreased risk of stroke [odds ratio (OR) 0.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38-0.66]. No significant relationship between HDL-C and stroke was observed in the BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 group (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.49-1.10). There was a significant interaction between BMI and HDL-C in regard to the prevalence of stroke in the hypertensive population without AF (PInteraction = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS We found an inverse association between HDL-C and stroke only in the BMI < 24 kg/m2 group. The finding suggested that BMI could modify the association between HDL-C and stroke in hypertensive populations without AF.
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Cheng X, Zhang M, Xue Y, Sun H, Liu Q, Shi XF. [Effect of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and 2 siRNA on the expression of smad2/3/4 protein in hepatic stellate cells]. ZHONGHUA GAN ZANG BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA GANZANGBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY 2020; 28:753-759. [PMID: 33053975 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20190904-00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To study the effect of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 siRNA and TIMP-2 siRNA on the expression of smad2/3/4 protein in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC). Methods: Rat's liver tissues with liver fibrosis after treatment with pre-built TIMP-1siRNA and TIMP-2 siRNA were used as the research subjects. Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and real-time PCR were used to detect the protein and corresponding mRNA expression levels on smad2/3/4. TUNEL and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) positive cells were quantified by double-labeled immunofluorescence. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the means between multiple groups, and the SNK test was used for the pairwise comparison of means. Results: The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the protein expressions of smad2, smad3, and smad4 in the TIMP-1 siRNA group and TIMP-2 siRNA group were significantly reduced than those of the model and the negative control group (P < 0.05). In addition, Western blotting results had also shown the same trend. The protein expression of smad2, smad3, and smad4 in the TIMP-1siRNA group and TIMP-2siRNA group were significantly reduced than those of the model and the negative control group (P < 0.01). The mRNA expression of smad2, smad3, and smad4 in TIMP-1siRNA group and TIMP-2siRNA group was significantly reduced than those of the model and negative control group (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence showed that the apoptosis of activated HSC in the TIMP-1 siRNA group(0.014 3 ± 0.002 4) and TIMP-2 siRNA group(0.010 7 ± 0.004 4) was increased than those of the model(0) and the negative control group (0.002 4 ± 0.002 4, P < 0.05). Conclusion: TIMP-1 siRNA and TIMP-2 siRNA promote the apoptosis of activated HSCs. In addition, it also has a significant inhibitory effect on the expression of smad protein.
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Cheng X, Zhou MT, Tang L, Wang GY. Same pandemic but different studies: an exploration of COVID-19 research at the early stage. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2020; 24:12545-12557. [PMID: 33336775 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202012_24052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Scientific research is an essential necessity for the prevention and control of COVID-19. Accelerated paper-sharing makes it possible to explore the responses of scientific communities of different countries and their research focus. This is achieved by examining relevant publications during the early stage of the pandemic. This paper explores a timely research assessment on COVID-19 among China, USA, and EU. MATERIALS AND METHODS Papers indexed in PubMed and published from December 30, 2019, to March 11, 2020, were selected. Papers from China, USA, and EU were assessed by calculating the significance of items in the co-occurrence exported from VOSviewer. RESULTS The results showed that Chinese studies focus more on clinical manifestations, while USA and EU focus on experimental research. Furthermore, US research is more geared toward detection techniques and mathematical models, China focuses more on monitoring the epidemic situation, and EU engages in both. CONCLUSIONS This paper argues that the above distinctions are caused by differences in the stages of epidemic development, researchers' experience bases for formulating measures, traditions within the different medical cultures, and the distinction between "information" and "knowledge".
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Cai L, Cheng X, Qin J, Xu W, You M. Expression, purification and characterization of three odorant binding proteins from the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 29:531-544. [PMID: 32715559 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) are critical components in insect olfactory systems where they bind, solubilize and transport odorant molecules to receptors. Here, we cloned three OBPs (PxylGOBP1, PxylGOBP2 and PxylOBP24) from the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, one of the most destructive pests of cruciferous crops. These three OBPs were expressed in Escherichia coli as recombinant proteins, purified and characterized by fluorescence binding assays with 39 ligands including sex pheromone and plant-derived chemical compounds. PxylGOBP1 and PxylGOBP2 showed significantly different binding affinities to theses ligands, suggesting distinct binding preferences of these two general odorant binding proteins. PxylOBP24 showed no or extremely low binding activities to selected ligands, suggesting it may be involved in non-olfactory functions. Circular dichroism spectral results demonstrated that PxylGOBP1 and PxylGOBP2 shared similar secondary structures while PxylOBP24 was significantly different. This study improves our knowledge of insect OBPs, which will assist in a better understanding of insect olfactory system and developing more environmentally friendly pest control strategies for P. xylostella.
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Li Q, Chen M, Cao M, Yuan G, Hu X, Dai W, Zang M, Cheng X, Huang J, Hou J, Chen J. 182P Lenvatinib (LEN) plus anti-PD-1 antibodies vs LEN alone for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): A real-world study. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.10.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Dykstra-Aiello C, Sharp FR, Jickling GC, Hull H, Hamade F, Shroff N, Durocher M, Cheng X, Zhan X, Liu D, Ander BP, Stamova BS. Alternative Splicing of Putative Stroke/Vascular Risk Factor Genes Expressed in Blood Following Ischemic Stroke Is Sexually Dimorphic and Cause-Specific. Front Neurol 2020; 11:584695. [PMID: 33193047 PMCID: PMC7642687 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.584695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified putative ischemic stroke risk genes, yet, their expression after stroke is unexplored in spite of growing interest in elucidating their specific role and identifying candidate genes for stroke treatment. Thus, we took an exploratory approach to investigate sexual dimorphism, alternative splicing, and etiology in putative risk gene expression in blood following cardioembolic, atherosclerotic large vessel disease and small vessel disease/lacunar causes of ischemic stroke in each sex compared to controls. Whole transcriptome arrays assessed 71 putative stroke/vascular risk factor genes for blood RNA expression at gene-, exon-, and alternative splicing-levels. Male (n = 122) and female (n = 123) stroke and control volunteers from three university medical centers were matched for race, age, vascular risk factors, and blood draw time since stroke onset. Exclusion criteria included: previous stroke, drug abuse, subarachnoid or intracerebral hemorrhage, hemorrhagic transformation, infection, dialysis, cancer, hematological abnormalities, thrombolytics, anticoagulants or immunosuppressants. Significant differential gene expression (fold change > |1.2|, p < 0.05, partial correlation > |0.4|) and alternative splicing (false discovery rate p < 0.3) were assessed. At gene level, few were differentially expressed: ALDH2, ALOX5AP, F13A1, and IMPA2 (males, all stroke); ITGB3 (females, cardioembolic); ADD1 (males, atherosclerotic); F13A1, IMPA2 (males, lacunar); and WNK1 (females, lacunar). GP1BA and ITGA2B were alternatively spliced in both sexes (all patients vs. controls). Six genes in males, five in females, were alternatively spliced in all stroke compared to controls. Alternative splicing and exon-level analyses associated many genes with specific etiology in either sex. Of 71 genes, 70 had differential exon-level expression in stroke patients compared to control subjects. Among stroke patients, 24 genes represented by differentially expressed exons were male-specific, six were common between sexes, and two were female-specific. In lacunar stroke, expression of 19 differentially expressed exons representing six genes (ADD1, NINJ2, PCSK9, PEMT, SMARCA4, WNK1) decreased in males and increased in females. Results demonstrate alternative splicing and sexually dimorphic expression of most putative risk genes in stroke patients' blood. Since expression was also often cause-specific, sex, and etiology are factors to consider in stroke treatment trials and genetic association studies as society trends toward more personalized medicine.
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Yang WL, Dai ZL, Cheng X, Fan ZX, Jiang HY, Dai YJ. Biotransformation of insecticide flonicamid by Aminobacter sp. CGMCC 1.17253 via nitrile hydratase catalysed hydration pathway. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1571-1581. [PMID: 33030814 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study evaluates flonicamid biotransformation ability of Aminobacter sp. CGMCC 1.17253 and the enzyme catalytic mechanism involved. METHODS AND RESULTS Flonicamid transformed by resting cells of Aminobacter sp. CGMCC 1.17253 was carried out. Aminobacter sp. CGMCC 1.17253 converts flonicamid into N-(4-trifluoromethylnicotinoyl) glycinamide (TFNG-AM). Aminobacter sp. CGMCC 1.17253 transforms 31·1% of the flonicamid in a 200 mg l-1 conversion solution in 96 h. Aminobacter sp. CGMCC 1.17253 was inoculated in soil, and 72·1% of flonicamid with a concentration of 0·21 μmol g-1 was transformed in 9 days. The recombinant Escherichia coli expressing Aminobacter sp. CGMCC 1.17253 nitrile hydratase (NHase) and purified NHase were tested for the flonicamid transformation ability, both of them acquired the ability to transform flonicamid into TFNG-AM. CONCLUSIONS Aminobacter sp. CGMCC 1.17253 transforms flonicamid into TFNG-AM via hydration pathway mediated by cobalt-containing NHase. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report that bacteria of genus Aminobacter has flonicamid-transforming ability. This study enhances our understanding of flonicamid-degrading mechanism. Aminobacter sp. CGMCC 1.17253 has the potential for bioremediation of flonicamid pollution.
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Fan Y, Gao W, Li J, Fan F, Qin X, Liu L, Cheng X, Xu X, Wang X, Wang B, Huo Y. Effect of the baseline pulse wave velocity on short term and long term blood pressure control in primary hypertension. Int J Cardiol 2020; 317:193-199. [PMID: 32505371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Arterial stiffness may affect antihypertensive response to antihypertensive treatment. However, sufficient clinical evidence is lacking. This longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the effect of baseline arterial stiffness measured by the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) on response to short-term and long-term enalapril-based treatment in 3310 hypertensive adults from the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT). METHODS AND RESULTS Blood pressure (BP) measured at three months (short-term) in 2780 subjects, and the time-average on-treatment BP in 3310 subjects during a median of 4.5-year follow-ups (long-term) were analyzed in the study. After short-term antihypertensive treatment, every 1 m/s increase in baPWV denoted a 7% and 6% decreased chance of achieving systolic BP (SBP) control (odds ratio (OR), 0.93; 95% CI 0.90, 0.96; P < 0.001) and BP control (OR, 0.94; 95% CI 0.91, 0.97; P < 0.001), respectively, after adjustment for age, gender and other variables. After long-term treatment, every 1 m/s increase in baPWV posed an 7% and 6% greater risk of failing to attain SBP control (OR, 0.93; 95% CI 0.90, 0.95; P < 0.001) and BP control (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.92, 0.96; P < 0.001), respectively, not regarding for DBP control after both short- and long-term treatment. Higher baseline baPWV significantly decreased SBP reduction both after three months and the median 4.5-year treatment, while increased DBP reduction after the median 4.5-year treatment. CONCLUSIONS Elevated baseline baPWV significantly decreased BP response to short-and long-term treatment in adults with primary hypertensive. Arterial stiffness improvement may be an essential target to achieve adequate BP control.
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Wang L, Ma Y, Cheng X. Loss of X chromosome inactivation in monospermic complete hydatidiform moles with 46, XX karyotype. Gynecol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Xie X, Shen Y, Tang S, Cheng X, Lv W, Wan X, Chen Z. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy as first-line treatment of newly diagnosed advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: Two centers' data in China. Gynecol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.05.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Xie X, Jin L, Tang S, Shen Y, Cheng X, Lv W, Wan X, Chen Z. What influences the long-term survival of advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer? Gynecol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.05.646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Xie X, Tang S, Jin L, Shen Y, Cheng X, Lv W, Wan X, Chen Z. Secondary cytoreduction in relapsed serous ovarian cancer: Who really benefits? Gynecol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.05.630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Albone E, Cheng X, Verdi A, Jacob S, Fernando S, Furuuchi K, Fulmer J, Soto A, Drozdowski B, Mano Y, Nakatani Y, Uenaka T. 579P MORAb-109: A site-specific eribulin-conjugated ADC targeting human mesothelin. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Cao W, Ling Y, Yang L, Wu F, Cheng X, Dong Q. Assessment of Ischemic Volumes by Using Relative Filling Time Delay on CTP Source Image in Patients with Acute Stroke with Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusions. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:1611-1617. [PMID: 32819905 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Thrombectomy up to 24 hours after stroke onset in patients with specific ischemic brain volumes remains a challenge, because many stroke centers do not apply specialized software to calculate ischemic volumes at advanced imaging. We aimed to establish the association between relative filling time delay on CTP source imaging and ischemic volume parameters and the infarct penumbra to core volume mismatch in patients with acute ischemic stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS Consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke and with M1 segment MCA with or without terminal ICA occlusions on baseline CTA and CTP within 24 hours of stroke symptom onset were included. Ischemic volumes were analyzed with software based on CTP maps. Relative filling time delay was classified into 4 grades-grade 0: relative filling time delay = 0 seconds; grade 1: relative filling time delay >0 to ≤4 seconds; grade 2: relative filling time delay >4 to ≤8 seconds; and grade 3: relative filling time delay > 8 seconds. Differences in ischemic volume parameters among relative filling time delay grades were tested. RESULTS We recruited 138 patients (median age, 69 years; 62.3% male). Different median volumes of the infarct core (grade 0, 7.3 mL; grade 1, 23.3 mL; grade 2, 45.7 mL; grade 3, 135 mL [P < .001]) and the penumbra (grade 0, 47.6 mL; grade 1, 90 mL; grade 2, 110 mL; grade 3, 92 mL [P = .043]) were observed among relative filling time delay grades. Target mismatch (defined by the criteria of the DEFUSE 3 trial) was identified in 71.7% of the patients (99/138). A relative filling time delay grade ≤ 1 independently predicted target mismatch, with a sensitivity of 0.79 (95% CI, 0.7-0.87) and a specificity of 0.66 (95% CI, 0.49-0.8). CONCLUSIONS Relative filling time delay grade based on CTP source imaging is a simple and effective parameter for evaluating ischemic volumes and target mismatch in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Further studies that compare relative filling time delay grade with clinical functional outcomes are necessary.
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Han X, Ma X, Li D, Wang J, Jiang W, Cheng X, Li G, Guo H, Tian W. The Evaluation and Prediction of Laminoplasty Surgery Outcome in Patients with Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy Using Diffusion Tensor MRI. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:1745-1753. [PMID: 32816762 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE DTI has been proved valuable for the diagnosis of degenerative cervical myelopathy, whereas its capacity for predicting the outcome of surgery is still under debate. Here we conduct a prospective cohort study to analyze the capacity of DTI for evaluating and predicting laminoplasty surgery outcome for degenerative cervical myelopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 55 patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy who underwent DTI before surgery and at 3- and 6-month follow-up stages, and 20 healthy subjects. For clinical assessment, the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association scale was recorded for each patient at different stages. DTI metrics were compared between patients before surgery and healthy subjects. Spearman correlation and receiver operating characteristic were used to analyze the evaluation and prediction capacity of DTI for the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association scale, respectively. We analyzed different vertebral levels: maximal compression level, average of all compression levels, and C2 level. RESULTS DTI metrics were significantly different between patients before surgery and healthy subjects. Before surgery, DTI for the maximal compression level or DTI for the average of all compression levels had no significant correlation with the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association scale. For all stages, DTI at the C2 level was correlated with the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association scale. DTI metrics at the C2 level before surgery were significantly correlated with the postoperative modified Japanese Orthopedic Association scale recovery rate. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that fractional anisotropy at C2 was capable of predicting the postoperative modified Japanese Orthopedic Association scale recovery rate (P = .04). CONCLUSIONS The DTI metrics before laminoplasty surgery, especially fractional anisotropy at the C2 level, have the potential for evaluating and predicting the degenerative cervical myelopathy surgery outcome.
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Cheng X, Redanz S, Treerat P, Qin H, Choi D, Zhou X, Xu X, Merritt J, Kreth J. Magnesium-Dependent Promotion of H 2O 2 Production Increases Ecological Competitiveness of Oral Commensal Streptococci. J Dent Res 2020; 99:847-854. [PMID: 32197054 PMCID: PMC7313347 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520912181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The pyruvate oxidase (SpxB)-dependent production of H2O2 is widely distributed among oral commensal streptococci. Several studies confirmed the ability of H2O2 to antagonize susceptible oral bacterial species, including caries-associated Streptococcus mutans as well as several periodontal pathobionts. Here we report a potential mechanism to bolster oral commensal streptococcal H2O2 production by magnesium (Mg2+) supplementation. Magnesium is a cofactor for SpxB catalytic activity, and supplementation increases the production of H2O2 in vitro. We demonstrate that Mg2+ affects spxB transcription and SpxB abundance in Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus gordonii. The competitiveness of low-passage commensal streptococcal clinical isolates is positively influenced in antagonism assays against S. mutans. In growth conditions normally selective for S. mutans, Mg2+ supplementation is able to increase the abundance of S. sanguinis in dual-species biofilms. Using an in vivo biophotonic imaging platform, we further demonstrate that dietary Mg2+ supplementation significantly improves S. gordonii oral colonization in mice. In summary, our results support a role for Mg2+ supplementation as a potential prebiotic to promote establishment of oral health-associated commensal streptococci.
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Wei F, Shuai XX, Chen ZJ, Cao GL, Wang L, Qiu T, Hu T, Wu L, Zhang Q, Huang HX, Zhang YW, Zhu L, Cheng X. [Analysis on the efficacy and safety of fibrinolytic therapy in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 epidemic]. ZHONGHUA XIN XUE GUAN BING ZA ZHI 2020; 48:472-476. [PMID: 32842256 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20200331-00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fibrinolysis strategy in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to provide reference value for optimization of fibrinolytic process on the premise of prevention and control of COVID-19 transmission, including self-protection of medical staff. Methods: The efficacy and safety of fibrinolysis were retrospectively analyzed in 7 patients with acute STEM, who hospitalized from February 29, 2020 to April 3, 2020 in the Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. To optimize the fibrinolytic process on the premise of prevention and control of COVID-19 transmission, including self-protection of medical staff, a full-time medical team in charge of fibrinolysis under third-grade protection was established. The acute STEMI patients were treated immediately in a fixed and isolated area in emergency department before receiving green channel fibrinolysis. Blood samples for complete blood count, COVID-19 antibody test and nasopharyngeal swab samples for COVID-19 nucleic acid test were made before fibrinolysis, while the chest CT examination was accomplished after fibrinolysis. By comparing differences of time from the first electrocardiogram (ECG) to fibrinolysis before and after the improvement of fibrinolytic process, the effect of optimization of the fibrinolytic process was evaluated. Results: In the present study, seven patients with acute STEMI received fibrinolysis therapy, 6 of them achieved reperfusion and no bleeding was observed in all of the patients. Five out of the 7 patients were hospitalized after fibrinolysis, and the hospitalization days were 19.6 days on average. By following up to April 14, 2020, none of the 7 patients died. The first 2 patients were treated according to the routine medical procedure and the time from the first ECG to fibrinolysis were 201 and 106 minutes, respectively. After the optimization of the fibrinolytic process, the time from the first ECG to fibrinolysis of the last 5 patients were 42, 46, 51, 43 and 54 minutes, respectively,which was significantly shorter than that before optimization. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 epidemic, fibrinolysis in patients with acute STEMI is safe, effective and easy to implement. Therefore, it is recommended as the top priority for the patients with acute STEMI with indications for fibrinolysis. On the premise of prevention and control of COVID-19 transmission, including self-protection of medical staff, the duration of myocardial ischemia can be shortened by optimization of the fibrinolytic process.
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Cheng X, Zhan JH, Luo JH, Zheng GY. [Effect of alprostadil in early wound healing of rats with deep partial-thickness scald]. ZHONGHUA SHAO SHANG ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA SHAOSHANG ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS 2020; 36:317-322. [PMID: 32340424 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20190125-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the effect of alprostadil in early wound healing of rats with deep partial-thickness scald. Methods: Ninety specific pathogen free healthy Sprague-Dawley rats (half males and half females) were divided into sham scald group, simple scald group, and alprostadil group using the random number table with 30 rats in each group. Rats in sham scald group were sham injured, and rats in the other 2 groups were inflicted with deep partial-thickness scald of 30% total body surface area on the back. Immediately after scald, rats in the 3 groups received anti-shock treatment. Two hours post scald, rats in sham scald group and simple scald group were injected intraperitoneally with 1 mL normal saline, and rats in alprostadil group were injected intraperitoneally with 1 mL alprostadil injection, once a day and continued for 14 days. On post scald day (PSD) 3, 7, and 14, 10 rats in each group were collected for observing the general wound conditions and the wound healing rates of rats in 2 scald groups were calculated, abdominal aortic blood of 2 mL from each rat were collected to detect serum thromboxane B2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and wound tissue on the back was collected to examine pathomorphological change by hematoxylin-eosin staining and to detect wound microvessel density (MVD) by immunohistochemical staining. Data were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance of factorial design, t test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Bonferroni correction. Results: (1) There was no scald wound in rats in sham scald group. On PSD 3, wounds of rats in simple scald group and alprostadil group formed dry eschar. On PSD 7 and 14, wound areas of rats in alprostadil group were significantly smaller than those of rats in simple scald group, and with less exudation. (2) On PSD 3, the wound healing rates of rats in simple scald group and alprostadil group were similar (t=1.167, P>0.05). On PSD 7 and 14, the wound healing rates of rats in alprostadil group were significantly higher than those in simple scald group (t=8.657, 33.050, P<0.01). (3) On PSD 3, 7, and 14, the levels of serum thromboxane B2 of rats in simple scald group and alprostadil group were (541±22), (607±47), (688±21), (326±25), (271±21), (135±27) pg/mL, significantly higher than (17±6), (16±4), (16±4) pg/mL of rats in sham scald group (t=72.977, 39.685, 102.076, 37.033, 37.253, 13.845, P<0.01). On PSD 3, 7, and 14, the levels of serum thromboxane B2 of rats in alprostadil group were significantly lower than those in simple scald group (t=20.637, 20.651, 51.680, P<0.01). (4) Normal epidermis and dermis were seen in rats in sham scald group. On PSD 3, a large number of necrotic tissue and inflammatory cells infiltration were seen in wounds of rats in simple scald group, while a little new epithelium formation and some inflammatory cells infiltration were seen in wounds of rats in alprostadil group. On PSD 7 and 14, the new epithelium of rats in alprostadil group was significantly thicker than that in simple scald group, and epidermis formed gradually in alprostadil group. (5) On PSD 3, 7, and 14, the wound MVD of rats in simple scald group and alprostadil group were significantly higher than those in sham scald group (Z=-3.780, -3.781, -3.780, -3.780, -3.781, -3.780, P<0.01). On PSD 3, the wound MVD of rats in simple scald group and alprostadil group were similar (Z=-1.965, P>0.05). On PSD 7 and 14, the wound MVD of rats in alprostadil group were significantly higher than those in simple scald group (Z=-3.780, -3.780, P<0.01). Conclusions: The early intervention with alprostadil can significantly improve microcirculation of deep partial-thickness scald wound, reduce inflammatory cell infiltration, promote the formation of new blood vessels, thus promoting wound healing.
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Dou H, Lei Y, Cheng X, Wang J, Leppänen P. Social exclusion influences conditioned fear acquisition and generalization: A mediating effect from the medial prefrontal cortex. Neuroimage 2020; 218:116735. [PMID: 32251834 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fear acquisition and generalization play key roles in promoting the survival of mammals and contribute to anxiety disorders. While previous research has provided much evidence for the repercussions of social exclusion on mental health, how social exclusion affects fear acquisition and generalization has received scant attention. In our study, participants were divided into two groups according to two Cyberball paradigm conditions (exclusion/inclusion). Both groups underwent a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and skin conductance response (SCR) assessments. We aimed to determine the effects of social exclusion on fear acquisition and generalization and whether modulation of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) mediates this relationship. Our results showed that socially excluded participants featured significantly higher and lower shock risk scores to safety stimuli (conditioned stimulus, CS-) and threatening stimuli (CS+), respectively, than did socially included subjects during fear acquisition. The exclusion group had increased skin conductance responses (SCRs) to CS and exhibited heightened shock risk and increased SCRs to generalized stimuli compared with the inclusion group. The fNIRS results demonstrated that the CS + evoked larger oxy-Hb changes in the mPFC in the inclusion group than in the exclusion group during fear acquisition. Furthermore, the oxy-Hb of left mPFC of CS + mediated the effect on the association between social exclusion and perceived risk of CS+ in the fear acquisition. Our results indicate that social exclusion impairs fear acquisition and generalization via the mediation of the mPFC and that social exclusion increases susceptibility to anxiety disorders through bias processing of fear discrimination in fear acquisition and generalization. By studying the role of social relationship in fear acquisition and generalization, our research provides new insights into the pathological mechanisms of anxiety disorder.
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Cheng X, Ander BP, Jickling GC, Zhan X, Hull H, Sharp FR, Stamova B. MicroRNA and their target mRNAs change expression in whole blood of patients after intracerebral hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:775-786. [PMID: 30966854 PMCID: PMC7168793 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19839501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies showed changes in mRNA levels in whole blood of rats and humans, and in miRNA in whole blood of rats following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Thus, this study assessed miRNA and their putative mRNA targets in whole blood of humans following ICH. Whole transcriptome profiling identified altered miRNA and mRNA levels in ICH patients compared to matched controls. Target mRNAs of the differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, and functional analysis of the miRNA-mRNA targets was performed. Twenty-nine miRNAs (22 down, 7 up) and 250 target mRNAs (136 up, 114 down), and 7 small nucleolar RNA changed expression after ICH compared to controls (FDR < 0.05, and fold change ≥ |1.2|). These included Let7i, miR-146a-5p, miR210-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-221, miR-874, miR-17-3p, miR-378a-5p, miR-532-5p, mir-4707, miR-4450, mir-1183, Let-7d-3p, miR-3937, miR-4288, miR-4741, miR-92a-1-3p, miR-4514, mir-4658, mir-3689d-1, miR-4760-3p, and mir-3183. Pathway analysis showed regulated miRNAs/mRNAs were associated with toll-like receptor, natural killer cell, focal adhesion, TGF-β, phagosome, JAK-STAT, cytokine-cytokine receptor, chemokine, apoptosis, vascular smooth muscle, and RNA degradation signaling. Many of these pathways have been implicated in ICH. The differentially expressed miRNA and their putative mRNA targets and associated pathways may provide diagnostic biomarkers as well as point to therapeutic targets for ICH treatments in humans.
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Liu Y, Wang L, Su Y, Brown K, Yang R, Zhang Y, Duanmu Y, Guo Z, Zhang W, Yan C, Yan D, Cheng X. CTXA hip: the effect of partial volume correction on volumetric bone mineral density data for cortical and trabecular bone. Arch Osteoporos 2020; 15:50. [PMID: 32193671 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-020-00721-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study compares the results of computed tomography X-ray absorptiometry (CTXA) hip volumetric BMD (vBMD) analyses of cortical and trabecular bone with and without partial volume correction. For cortical bone in some circumstances, corrected cortical volumes were negative and corrected vBMD was very high. For trabecular bone, the correction effects are smaller. CTXA volumetric data should be interpreted with caution. PURPOSE Previous studies have reported concerns about the reliability of CTXA hip cortical vBMD measurements generated using partial volume (PV) correction (the "default" analysis, with cortical PV correction). To date, no studies have examined the results of the alternative ("new") analysis (with trabecular PV correction). This study presents in vivo and phantom data comparing the corrected and uncorrected data for cortical and trabecular bone respectively. METHODS We used the commercial QCTPro CTXA software to analyze CT scans of 129 elderly Chinese men and women and an anthropomorphic European Proximal Femur phantom (EPFP) and accessed data for two alternative scan analyses using the database dump utility. The CTXA software gives the user two methods of performing the PV correction: (1) a default analysis in which only cortical bone results are corrected; (2) a new analysis in which only trabecular bone results are corrected. Both methods are based on a numerical recalculation of vBMD values without any change in volume of interest (VOI) placement. RESULT In vivo, the results of the two analyses for integral bone were the same while cortical and trabecular results were different. PV correction of cortical bone led to a decrease of cortical volume for all four VOIs: total hip (TH), femoral neck (FN), trochanter (TR), and intertrochanter (IT) volumes were reduced on average by 7.8 cm3, 0.9 cm3, 2.5 cm3, and 4.3 cm3 respectively. For TR, where cortex was thinnest, average corrected cortical volume was negative (- 0.4± 1.3 cm3). Corrected cortical vBMD values were much larger than uncorrected ones for TH, FN, and IT. Scatter plots of corrected cortical vBMD against cortical bone thickness showed that elevated results correlated with thinner cortices. When trabecular bone was corrected for the PV effect, trabecular volumes of TH, FN, TR, and IT were reduced on average by 7.9 cm3, 0.8 cm3, 2.6 cm3, and 4.4 cm3 respectively, while vBMD measurements were increased correspondingly. The trabecular volume and vBMD measurements of the two datasets both had highly positive correlations. For the EPFP, the PV-corrected FN data deviated from the nominal phantom value, but was closer for the TR and IT VOIs. Both corrected and uncorrected data overestimated trabecular vBMD, with the corrected results showing greater deviation from nominal values. CONCLUSION The default and new CTXA analyses for volumetric data generate different results, both for cortical and trabecular bone. For cortical bone, the uncorrected results are subject to partial volume effects but the correction method of the default analysis overcorrects the effect leading to in part unreasonable results for cortical bone volume and BMD. For trabecular bone, the correction effects are smaller. CTXA volumetric data should be interpreted with caution.
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Choudhury H, Cheng X, Afzal S, Prakash A, Tatarchuk B, Elbashir N. Understanding the deactivation process of a microfibrous entrapped cobalt catalyst in supercritical fluid Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Fan H, Zhang S, Li N, Fan P, Hu X, Liang K, Cheng X, Wu Y. Stable expression ratios of five pyroptosis-inducing cytokines in the spleen and thymus of mice showed potential immune regulation at the organ level. Lupus 2020; 29:290-302. [PMID: 32041506 DOI: 10.1177/0961203320903802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune system is one of the most complex regulatory systems in the body and is essential for the maintenance of homeostasis. Despite recent breakthroughs in immunology, the regulation of the immune system and the etiology of autoimmune diseases such as lupus remain unclear. Systemic lupus erythematosus is a systemic autoimmune disease with abnormally and inconsistently expressed pro-inflammatory cytokines. Pyroptosis is a pro-inflammatory form of programmed cell death that is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. The thymus and spleen are important immune organs involved in systemic lupus erythematosus. Therefore, this study investigated the difference in expression of pyroptosis-inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines between the spleen and thymus in lupus model mice and in control mice, to describe immune regulation at the organ level. OBJECTIVE To investigate differences in the expression of pyroptosis-inducing cytokines in the spleen and thymus and to explore immune regulatory networks at the organ level. METHODS Two groups of lupus mice and two groups of control mice were utilized for this study. Using the thymus and spleen of experimental animals, mRNA expression levels of five pyroptosis-inducing cytokines (interleukin 1β, interleukin 18, NLRP3, caspase-1 and TNF-α) were determined via quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, tissue distribution of these cytokines was investigated via immunohistochemistry. RESULTS All five pyroptosis-inducing inflammatory cytokines showed higher expression in the spleen than in the thymus (p < 0.05). Moreover, the spleen/thymus expression ratios of all five pyroptosis-inducing cytokines were not statistically different between the four experimental groups. Expression of all five cytokines exhibited a stable ratio (spleen/thymus ratios). This distinctive stable spleen/thymus ratio was consistent in all four experimental groups. The stable spleen/thymus ratios of the five inflammatory cytokines were as follows: interleukin 1β (2.02 ± 0.9), interleukin 18 (2.07 ± 1.06), caspase-1 (1.93 ± 0.66), NLRP3 (3.14 ± 1.61) and TNF-α (3.16 ± 1.36). Immunohistochemical analysis showed the cytokines were mainly expressed in the red pulp region of the spleen and the medullary region of the thymus, where immune-activated cells aggregated. CONCLUSION The stable spleen/thymus expression ratios of pyroptosis-inducing cytokines indicated that immune organs exhibit strictly regulated functions to maintain immune homeostasis and adapt to the environment.
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Qiao PG, Cheng X, Li GJ, Song P, Han C, Yang ZH. MR Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging-Based Assessment of Brain Microstructural Changes in Patients with Moyamoya Disease before and after Revascularization. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:246-254. [PMID: 31974078 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Conventional imaging examinations are insufficient to accurately assess brain damage in patients with Moyamoya disease. Our aim was to observe brain microstructural changes in patients with Moyamoya disease by diffusional kurtosis imaging and provide support data for application of this technique in individualized assessment of disease severity and surgical outcome among patients with Moyamoya disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 64 patients with Moyamoya disease and 15 healthy volunteers underwent diffusional kurtosis imaging, and a second scanning was offered to surgical patients 3-4 months after revascularization. The diffusional kurtosis imaging parameter maps were obtained for mean kurtosis, axial kurtosis, radial kurtosis, fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity. The parameter values were measured in sensory pathway-related regions for all subjects. Differences in diffusional kurtosis imaging parameters of these brain regions were examined for healthy volunteers, patients without acroparesthesia, and asymptomatic and symptomatic sides of patients with acroparesthesia. Changes in diffusional kurtosis imaging parameters of patients with Moyamoya disease before and after revascularization were compared. RESULTS Compared with healthy volunteers, patients with Moyamoya disease showed decreased mean kurtosis, axial kurtosis, radial kurtosis, and fractional anisotropy in the corona radiata. Similarly, mean kurtosis, radial kurtosis, and fractional anisotropy decreased in the posterior limb of the internal capsule, whereas axial kurtosis decreased and radial kurtosis increased in the thalami of patients with Moyamoya disease compared with healthy volunteers. Compared with the asymptomatic contralateral hemisphere, the symptomatic group showed increased mean kurtosis in the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex, increased fractional anisotropy in the contralateral corona radiata and posterior limb of the internal capsule, and decreased axial kurtosis in the contralateral thalamus. Among patients with Moyamoya disease with acroparesthesia, mean kurtosis decreased in the primary somatosensory cortex on the operated side following revascularization. CONCLUSIONS The diffusional kurtosis imaging technique is applicable to patients with Moyamoya disease for detecting brain microstructural changes in white and gray matter before and after revascularization; this feature is useful in the assessment of disease severity and surgical outcome.
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Shi JQ, Wang B, Cao XQ, Wang YX, Cheng X, Jia CL, Wen T, Luo BJ, Liu ZD. Circular RNA_LARP4 inhibits the progression of non-small-cell lung cancer by regulating the expression of SMAD7. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2020; 24:1863-1869. [PMID: 32141555 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202002_20364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Researchers have uncovered the importance of circular RNAs (circ) in malignant tumors. Circ LARP4 has been found to serve as a tumor suppressor gene in gastric cancer. However, the exact function of circ LARP4 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to uncover the role of circ LARP4 in the tumorigenesis of NSCLC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Expression level of circ LARP4 in NSCLC tissues was detected through Real Time-quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). Subsequently, the association between expression and patients' prognosis was analyzed. Circ LARP4 lentivirus was constructed and transfected into NSCLC cells. The effect of circ LARP4 on NSCLC cell migration and invasion was detected by function assays. Furthermore, Western blot was performed to analyze the expression of predicted protein of circ LARP4. RESULTS Compared with adjacent tissues, circ LARP4 was lowly expressed in NSCLC tissues. Meanwhile, expression of circ LARP4 was associated with the prognosis of NSCLC patients. Downregulated circ LARP4 was found in NSCLC cell lines as well. The migration and invasion abilities of NSCLC cells were significantly inhibited via overexpression of circ LARP4. SMAD7, the predicted protein of circ LARP4, increased remarkably via overexpression of circ LARP4. CONCLUSIONS Circ LARP4 could suppress the metastasis of NSCLC by up-regulating SMAD7.
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