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Hao J, Liao W, Zhang YL, Peng J, Zhao Z, Chen Z, Zhou BW, Feng Y, Fang B, Liu ZZ, Zhao ZH. Toward Clinically Applicable 3-Dimensional Tooth Segmentation via Deep Learning. J Dent Res 2021; 101:304-311. [PMID: 34719980 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211040459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Digital dentistry plays a pivotal role in dental health care. A critical step in many digital dental systems is to accurately delineate individual teeth and the gingiva in the 3-dimension intraoral scanned mesh data. However, previous state-of-the-art methods are either time-consuming or error prone, hence hindering their clinical applicability. This article presents an accurate, efficient, and fully automated deep learning model trained on a data set of 4,000 intraoral scanned data annotated by experienced human experts. On a holdout data set of 200 scans, our model achieves a per-face accuracy, average-area accuracy, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 96.94%, 98.26%, and 0.9991, respectively, significantly outperforming the state-of-the-art baselines. In addition, our model takes only about 24 s to generate segmentation outputs, as opposed to >5 min by the baseline and 15 min by human experts. A clinical performance test of 500 patients with malocclusion and/or abnormal teeth shows that 96.9% of the segmentations are satisfactory for clinical applications, 2.9% automatically trigger alarms for human improvement, and only 0.2% of them need rework. Our research demonstrates the potential for deep learning to improve the efficacy and efficiency of dental treatment and digital dentistry.
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Deng Y, Liu YH, Chen WQ, Zhang YL, Jiang TT, Li SH, Ai L, Cai MR, Ying QJ, Liu Y, Zhang HW. [Establishment of a fluorescent recombinase-aided isothermal amplification assay for nucleic acid detection of Paraginiumus skrjabini and preliminary evaluation of its detection efficiency]. ZHONGGUO XUE XI CHONG BING FANG ZHI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS CONTROL 2021; 33:464-469. [PMID: 34791843 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2021218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a nucleic acid assay for detection of Paragonimus skrjabini based on the recombinase-aided isothermal amplification (RAA) technique, and to preliminarily evaluate its detection efficiency. METHODS The metacercariae of P. skrjabini, P. westermani and Euparagonimus cenocopiosus were isolated from crabs, and genomic DNA was extracted for molecular characterization. The cytochrome coxidase 1 (cox1) gene sequence of P. skrjabini was selected as the target gene fragment, and the primers and probes were designed, screened and synthesized for RAA assay. The genomic DNA of P. skrjabini metacercariae from Jiyuan City and Yiyang County of Luoyang City, Henan Province were used as templates for verification of the fluorescent RAA assay. The fluorescent RAA assay was performed to detect different concentrations of plasmids containing target gene fragment and P. skrjabini metacercariae genomic DNA to determine the sensitivity. Fluorescent RAA assay was performed with recombinant plasmids containing P. skrjabini cox1 gene sequences at different concentrations and P. skrjabini genomic DNA as templates to evaluate its sensitivity, and the genomic DNA of P. westermani, E. cenocopiosus, Clonorchis sinensis and Schistosoma japonicum was detected with fluorescent RAA assay to evaluate its specificity. RESULTS P. skrjabini, P. westermani and E. cenocopiosus metacercariae were isolated from crabs, respectively. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis confirmed their homology with the genes sequences of standard Paragonimus strains in GenBank. A fluorescent RAA assay was successfully established for nucleic acid detection of P. skrjabini, and the genomic DNA of P. skrjabini metacercariae from Jiyuan City and Yiyang County of Luoyang City, Henan Province was amplified using the fluorescent RAA assay within 5 min, while the negative control was not amplified. If the recombinant plasmid containing P. skrjabini cox1 gene sequences was used as templates, the fluorescent RAA assay showed the lowest detection limit of 10 copies/μL, and positive amplification was observed within 5 min. If genomic DNA was used as templates, the fluorescent RAA assay showed the lowest detection limit of 10 pg/μL, and all positive amplifications were found within 5 to 10 min. In addition, the fluorescent RAA assay was tested negative for P. westermani, E. cenocopiosus, C. sinensis and S. japonicum. CONCLUSIONS A rapid, sensitive and specific fluorescent RAA assay is successfully established for nucleic acid detection of P. skrjabini, which has potential values in rapid field detection and species identification in freshwater crabs in areas endemic for P. skrjabini.
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Ju D, Mota-Sanchez D, Fuentes-Contreras E, Zhang YL, Wang XQ, Yang XQ. Insecticide resistance in the Cydia pomonella (L): Global status, mechanisms, and research directions. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 178:104925. [PMID: 34446201 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a major pest of pome fruit and walnuts worldwide. Although environmentally compatible integrated control strategies, such as mating disruption, attract-kill strategy, and sterile insect technique have been conducted for management of this notorious pest, effects to control of codling moth have mainly relied on insecticides. In consequence, different levels of insecticide resistance towards organophosphates, neonicotinoids, hydrazines, benzoylureas, pyrethroids, diamides, spinosyns, avermectins, JH mimics, carbamates, oxadiazines and C. pomonella granulovirus (CpGVs) have developed in codling moth in different countries and areas. Both metabolic and target-site mechanisms conferring resistance have been revealed in the codling moth. In this review, we summarize the current global status of insecticide resistance, the biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved, and the implications for resistance management.
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Song CQ, Jiao XC, Jiang TT, Liang GH, Wang LZ, Xu YH, Huang SH, Chen WQ, Deng Y, Zhang YL. [Prevalence and influencing factors of Enterobius vermicularis infections among children in Fanxian County of Henan Province in 2019]. ZHONGGUO XUE XI CHONG BING FANG ZHI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS CONTROL 2021; 33:406-410. [PMID: 34505449 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2021061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of Enterobius vermicularis infections among children in Fanxian County, Henan Province in 2019, so as to provide insights into the management of enterobiasis. METHODS Five kindergartens were selected in urban and rural areas of Fanxian County, Henan Province using the stratified sampling method in 2019, and a census of E. vermicularis infections was performed among all children in the kindergartens. E. vermicularis eggs were detected using adhesive and scotch cellophane-tape anal swab methods, and the basic characteristics of children and their families, health habits and the kindergartens' information were investigated with questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors and protective factors of pinworm infection in children. RESULTS A total of 671 children were tested, and the mean prevalence of E. vermicularis infections was 15.50% (104/671). The prevalence of E. vermicularis infections was higher among children in rural kindergartens (28.13%, 72/256) than in urban kindergartens (7.71%, 32/415) (χ2 = 50.380, P < 0.01), and greater in private kindergartens (32.26%, 60/186) than in public kindergartens (9.07%, 44/485) (χ2 = 55.183, P < 0.01). There was no gender-specific prevalence of E. vermicularis infections among children (χ2 = 1.442, P > 0.05), and the prevalence of E. vermicularis infections presented a tendency towards a rise with age (χ2trend = 8.373, P < 0.05) and school grade (χ2trend = 30.274, P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis identified rural kindergartens and high grades as risk factors, and separate washing of children's and adults' cloths, frequent bathing and frequent dinnerware disinfection in kindergartens as protective factors for E. vermicularis infections among children. In addition, there was no significant difference in the detection of E. vermicularis infections among children by using adhesive (73.08%, 76/104) and scotch cellophane-tape anal swab methods (56.73%, 59/104) (χ2 = 3.959, P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of E. vermicularis infection is high among children in Fanxian Country, Henan Province. Health education and surveillance of enterobiasis are required to be intensified among children in rural kindergartens and senior grades and their parents and teachers.
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Fu F, Li LS, Du K, Li R, Yu QX, Wang D, Lei TY, Deng Q, Nie ZQ, Zhang WW, Yang X, Han J, Zhen L, Pan M, Zhang LN, Li FC, Zhang YL, Jing XY, Li DZ, Liao C. [Analysis of families with fetal congenital abnormalities but negative prenatal diagnosis by whole exome sequencing]. ZHONGHUA FU CHAN KE ZA ZHI 2021; 56:458-466. [PMID: 34304437 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112141-20210118-00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the value of whole exome sequencing (WES) in prenatal clinical application. Methods: A total of 1 152 cases of congenital abnormal [including structural malformation, nuchal translucency (NT) thickening and intrauterine growth restriction] with traditional prenatal diagnosis [including G-band karyotype analysis and chromosome microarray analysis (CMA)] negative were analyzed. The congenital abnormal fetuses were divided into retrospective group and prospective group according to the time of WES detection, that is whether the pregnancy termination or not. According to the specific location of fetal malformation and their family history, the cohort was divided into subgroups. The clinical prognosis of all fetuses were followed up, and the effect of WES test results on pregnancy decision-making and clinical intervention were analyzed. According to the follow-up results, the data of fetuses with new phenotypes in the third trimester or after birth were re-analyzed. Results: Among 1 152 families who received WES, 5 families were excluded because of nonbiological parents. Among the remaining 1 147 families, 152 fetuses obtained positive diagnosis (13.3%,152/1 147), including 74 fetuses in the retrospective group (16.1%,74/460) and 78 fetuses in the prospective group (11.4%,78/687). In fetuses with negative CMA and G-band karyotype analysis results but new phenotypes in the third trimester or after birth, the positive rate by WES data re-analysis was 4.9% (8/163). A total of 34 (21.3%, 34/160) fetuses were directly affected by the corresponding positive molecular diagnosis. Among 68 cases of live births with diagnostic variation grade 4, 29 cases (42.7%, 29/68) received appropriate medical intervention through rapid review of WES results. Conclusions: WES could increase the detection rate of abnormal fetuses with negative G-banding karyotype analysis and CMA by 13.3%. Prenatal WES could guide pregnancy decision-making and early clinical intervention. It might be an effective strategy to pay attention to the special follow-up of the third trimester and postnatal fetus and to re-analyze the WES data.
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Zhao DY, Jiang TT, Chen WQ, Zhang YL, Deng Y, Xu BL, Zhang HW, Guo WS, Lin XM, Li P, Zhao YL, Yang CY, Qian D, Zhou RM, Liu Y, Li SH, Chen JS. [Prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections among rural children in Henan Province from 2014 to 2015]. ZHONGGUO XUE XI CHONG BING FANG ZHI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS CONTROL 2021; 33:287-292. [PMID: 34286531 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2021074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of intestinal protozoan infections among rural children in Henan Province. METHODS A total of 104 survey sites were sampled from 35 counties (cities) in Henan Province using the stratified cluster sampling method to investigate the prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections among rural children from 2014 to 2015. The trophozoites and cysts of intestinal protozoa were identified using the iodine staining method and the physiological saline direct smear method (one detection for one stool sample). The prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections was compared among rural children with different characteristics, and the factors affecting intestinal protozoan infections among rural children were identified. RESULTS The overall prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections was 0.60% (40/6 771) among rural children in Henan Province from 2014 to 2015. There were 7 species of intestinal protozoa identified, and there was no species-specific prevalence (χ2 = 37.732, P = 0.000). No significant differences were found in prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections among rural children in terms of gender (χ2 = 1.793, P = 0.181), age (χ2 = 1.443, P = 0.486), occupation (χ2 = 0.219, P = 0.896) or ecological region (χ2 = 1.700, P = 0.637). In addition, terrain (χ2 = 2.311, P = 0.510), economic level (χ2 = 4.322, P = 0.229), source of drinking water (χ2 = 0.731, P = 0.393), eating raw vegetables (χ2 = 1.134, P = 0.287) and deworming (χ2 = 1.089, P = 0.297) had no remarkable effects on the prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections among rural children in Henan Province; however, the prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections varied significantly among rural children living in regions with different coverage of non-harmless toilets (χ2 = 10.050, P = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections is low among rural children in Henan Province.
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Sun YY, Zhang YL, Zhang LY, Zhao GJ, Hong GL, Li MF, Wu B, Zhi SC, Lu ZQ. [Value of ATP synthase C subunit in predicting cardiac function and outcomes of sepsis]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2021; 101:2140-2146. [PMID: 34275249 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20201119-03147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the value of serum mitochondrial ATP synthase C subunit level in the evaluation of cardiac functional status and prognosis in patients with sepsis. Methods: A total of 165 sepsis patients admitted to the Emergency Intensive Care Unit (EICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018 were included, there were 103 males (62.4%) and 62 females (37.6%) with an age of (63±14) years. Human ATP synthase lipid binding protein (ATP5G1) ELISA kit was used to detect the level of serum ATP synthase C subunit within 24 h after admission to EICU, and compared with that in 45 healthy subjects. Clinical data of patients were collected and divided into groups according to different left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and clinical outcomes. The differences in clinical indicators among each group were compared to evaluate the value of serum ATP synthase C subunit level in the evaluation of cardiac functional state and prognosis of patients with sepsis, and the independent risk factors for cardiac functional state and prognosis of patients with sepsis were analyzed. Results: Compared with the control group, the level of serum ATP synthase C subunit in the sepsis group was higher ((116±62) μg/L vs (77±34) μg/L, P<0.001). Compared with normal cardiac function group, the level of serum ATP synthase C subunit in septic cardiac dysfunction group was higher (P<0.001). Compared with the survival group, the level of serum ATP synthase C subunit in the death group was higher (P<0.05). The receiver operating curve (ROC) was drawn to analyze the value of ATP synthase C subunit, creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), troponin I (cTnI), left atrial end diastolic diameter, left ventricular end systolic diameter, left ventricular end diastolic volume, left ventricular end systolic volume in evaluating the cardiac function in patients with sepsis, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.928, 0.661, 0.837, 0.814, 0.703, 0.831, 0.794 and 0.765, respectively. The cut-off value, sensitivity and specificity of ATP synthase C subunit in it was 139.44 ng/L, 100% and 75.2%, respectively. ROC was drawn to analyze the prognostic value of age, urea nitrogen (BUN), ATP synthase C subunit, APACHEⅡ score and SAPSⅡ score in patients with sepsis, and the AUC was 0.719, 0.772, 0.656, 0.868 and 0.884, respectively. The cut-off value, sensitivity and specificity of ATP synthase C subunit in it was 131.24 ng/L, 61.9% and 68.7%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, BUN, ATP synthase C subunit, cardiac dysfunction, APACHEⅡ score and SAPS Ⅱ score were independent risk factors for the prognosis of patients with sepsis. Conclusion: The level of serum ATP synthase C subunit is closely related to cardiac dysfunction in patients with sepsis, and can effectively predict the prognosis of patients with sepsis.
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Wang HF, Zhang YL, Liu XL, Zhu HL, Liang R, Liu BC, Zhou L, Meng L, Li WM, Jiang Q. [Treatment status of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in Chinese patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in 2020]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2021; 42:535-542. [PMID: 34455739 PMCID: PMC8408488 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the current status of treatment choice and responses in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in China. Methods: From the end of April to mid-May in 2020, a cross-sectional survey, by filling out a survey questionnaire, was conducted to explore the first-line choice of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) , current medications, drug switch and major molecular responses (MMR) as well as the variables associated with them in patients in China. Results: Data of 2933 respondents with CML from 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions across the country were included in this study. 1683 respondents (57.4%) were males. Median age was 38 (16-87) years old. 2481 respondents (84.6%) received imatinib as first-line TKI; 1803 (61.5%) , the original new drug (branded drug) . When completing the questionnaire, 1765 respondents (60.2%) were receiving imatinib; 1791 (61.1%) , branded drug. 1185 respondents (40.4%) had experienced TKI switch. With a median follow-up of 45 (3-227) months, 1417 of 1944 (72.9%) respondents with newly diagnosed CML in the chronic phase achieved MMR. Multivariate analysis showed that the respondents with urban household registration (OR=0.6, 95%CI 0.5-0.8, P<0.001) , ≥ bachelor degree (OR=0.5, 95%CI 0.4-0.7, P<0.001) , and in the advanced phase at diagnosis (OR=0.5, 95%CI 0.3-0.8, P=0.001) less preferred Chinese generic TKI, while the respondents from the central region in China more preferred Chinese generic TKI more than those from the eastern region (OR=1.7, 95%CI 1.4-2.0, P<0.001) . Moreover, the respondents in the advanced phase at diagnosis more preferred second-generation TKI (OR=5.4, 95%CI 3.6-8.2, P<0.001) ; those ≥60 years old, less preferred second-generation TKI (OR=0.4, 95%CI 0.2-0.7, P=0.002) . Being in the advanced phase at diagnosis (OR=2.2, 95%CI 1.6-3.2, P<0.001) , first-line choice of imatinib (OR=2.0, 95%CI 1.6-2.6, P<0.001) or Chinese generic drugs (OR=1.3, 95%CI 1.1-1.6, P=0.002) , longer interval from diagnose of CML to starting TKI treatment (OR=1.2, 95%CI 1.1-1.2, P<0.001) and longer duration of TKI therapy (OR=1.1, 95%CI 1.0-1.1, P<0.001) were significantly associated with TKI switch; urban household registration (OR=0.7, 95%CI 0.6-0.8, P<0.001) , ≥MMR (OR=0.6, 95%CI 0.5-0.8, P<0.001) and unknown response (OR=0.7, 95%CI 0.6-0.9, P=0.003) , no TKI switch. Female sex (OR=1.4, 95%CI 1.1-1.7, P=0.003) , urban household registration (OR=1.6, 95%CI 1.3-2.0, P<0.001) , front-line imatinib therapy (OR=1.4, 95%CI 1.1-1.9, P=0.016) and longer duration of TKI treatment (OR=1.2, 95%CI 1.2-1.3, P<0.001) were significantly associated with achieving a MMR or better response; age ≥ 60 years old (OR=0.7, 95%CI 0.4-1.0, P=0.047) and TKI switch (OR=0.6, 95%CI 0.5-0.7, P<0.001) , achieving no MMR. Conclusions: By 2020, the majority of Chinese CML patients received imatinib as the fist-line TKI therapy and continue to take it. More than half of TKIs were branded drugs. Socio-demographic characteristics and clinical variables affect their TKI choice, drug switch, and treatment response.
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Xie JL, Teng XJ, Zheng YY, Zhang YL, Zhou XG. [Translocations of MYC, bcl-2 and bcl-6 genes and Epstein-Barr virus infection in primary cardiac large B-cell lymphoma]. ZHONGHUA BING LI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 50:785-790. [PMID: 34405615 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20201207-00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the translocations of MYC, bcl-2 and bcl-6 genes, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status and the clinicopathological features of primary cardiac large B cell lymphoma (LBCL). Methods: Seven cases of primary cardiac LBCL were collected at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, China from February 2013 to May 2019. The clinical feature, pathological morphology and immunophenotype were analyzed. The detections of EBV and gene rearrangements of MYC, bcl-2 and bcl-6 were conducted. The 2017 WHO classification of tumors of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues was used to classify the tumors. Results: Four patients with right atrial lesions showed diffuse infiltration of medium size lymphoid cells with small vascular hyperplasia, without evidence of EBV infection. Without detectable gene rearrangements of MYC and bcl-2, 2 of the patients showed bcl-6 gene break-apart. The diagnosis was revised from diffuse LBCL to high-grade B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (HGBL-NOS). There was a case of CD5+ diffuse LBCL involving the right atrium and ventricle and 2 cases of fibrin-associated diffuse LBCL located at left atrium without gene rearrangements of MYC, bcl-2 and bcl-6. However, EBER and EBNA2 were highly expressed in fibrin-associated diffuse LBCL. The patients were followed up for 10-71 months. Four cases of HGBL-NOS and a case of CD5+ diffuse LBCL received R-CHOP with/without autologous stem cell transplantation. All but two patients survived. Two cases of fibrin-associated diffuse LBCL were disease free without adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Conclusions: Primary cardiac LBCL is heterogeneous, including at least HGBL-NOS. Primary cardiac HGBL-NOS most frequently occurs in the right atrium. Tumor cells of primary cardiac LBCL have the morphological characteristics similar to Burkitt lymphoma, lacking MYC and bcl-2 gene rearrangements, but usually show bcl-6 gene disruption. Fibrin-associated diffuse LBCL has a good prognosis and postoperative chemotherapy seems unnecessary.
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Cao Z, Aharonian F, An Q, Bai LX, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Cai H, Cai JT, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chen BM, Chen ES, Chen J, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen XL, Chen Y, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, D'Ettorre Piazzoli B, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Della Volpe D, Dong XJ, Duan KK, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fan ZX, Fang J, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng YL, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao LQ, Gao Q, Gao W, Ge MM, Geng LS, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo FL, Guo JG, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, He HH, He HN, He JC, He SL, He XB, He Y, Heller M, Hor YK, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu S, Hu SC, Hu XJ, Huang DH, Huang QL, Huang WH, Huang XT, Huang XY, Huang ZC, Ji F, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jiang K, Jiang ZJ, Jin C, Ke T, Kuleshov D, Levochkin K, Li BB, Li C, Li C, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li HY, Li J, Li J, Li K, Li WL, Li XR, Li X, Li X, Li Y, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu JS, Liu JY, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu Y, Liu YN, Liu ZX, Long WJ, Lu R, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Masood A, Min Z, Mitthumsiri W, Montaruli T, Nan YC, Pang BY, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi MY, Qi YQ, Qiao BQ, Qin JJ, Ruffolo D, Rulev V, Saiz A, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Shi JY, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Su Y, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Tam PHT, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang BD, Wang C, Wang H, Wang HG, Wang JC, Wang JS, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang RN, Wang W, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XJ, Wang XY, Wang Y, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang YP, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu S, Wu WX, Wu XF, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xia JJ, Xiang GM, Xiao DX, Xiao G, Xiao HB, Xin GG, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xu DL, Xu RX, Xue L, Yan DH, Yan JZ, Yang CW, Yang FF, Yang JY, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang SB, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Ye YM, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zeng ZK, Zha M, Zhai XX, Zhang BB, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang JW, Zhang LX, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang YF, Zhang YL, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zheng F, Zheng Y, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zuo X. Peta-electron volt gamma-ray emission from the Crab Nebula. Science 2021; 373:425-430. [PMID: 34261813 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg5137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The Crab Nebula is a bright source of gamma rays powered by the Crab Pulsar's rotational energy through the formation and termination of a relativistic electron-positron wind. We report the detection of gamma rays from this source with energies from 5 × 10-4 to 1.1 peta-electron volts with a spectrum showing gradual steepening over three energy decades. The ultrahigh-energy photons imply the presence of a peta-electron volt electron accelerator (a pevatron) in the nebula, with an acceleration rate exceeding 15% of the theoretical limit. We constrain the pevatron's size between 0.025 and 0.1 parsecs and the magnetic field to ≈110 microgauss. The production rate of peta-electron volt electrons, 2.5 × 1036 ergs per second, constitutes 0.5% of the pulsar spin-down luminosity, although we cannot exclude a contribution of peta-electron volt protons to the production of the highest-energy gamma rays.
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Aharonian F, An Q, Bai LX, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Cai H, Cai JT, Cao Z, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chang XC, Chen BM, Chen J, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen XL, Chen Y, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Della Volpe D, D'Ettorre Piazzoli B, Dong XJ, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fan ZX, Fang J, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng YL, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao Q, Gao W, Ge MM, Geng LS, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo JG, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, He HH, He HN, He JC, He SL, He XB, He Y, Heller M, Hor YK, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu S, Hu SC, Hu XJ, Huang DH, Huang QL, Huang WH, Huang XT, Huang ZC, Ji F, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jiang K, Jiang ZJ, Jin C, Kuleshov D, Levochkin K, Li BB, Li C, Li C, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li HY, Li J, Li K, Li WL, Li X, Li X, Li XR, Li Y, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu JS, Liu JY, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu YN, Liu ZX, Long WJ, Lu R, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Masood A, Mitthumsiri W, Montaruli T, Nan YC, Pang BY, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi MY, Ruffolo D, Rulev V, Sáiz A, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Shi JR, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Tam PHT, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang BD, Wang C, Wang H, Wang HG, Wang JC, Wang JS, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang RN, Wang W, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XJ, Wang XY, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang YP, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu S, Wu WX, Wu XF, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xia JJ, Xiang GM, Xiao G, Xiao HB, Xin GG, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xu DL, Xu RX, Xue L, Yan DH, Yang CW, Yang FF, Yang JY, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang SB, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Ye YM, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zeng ZK, Zha M, Zhai XX, Zhang BB, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang JW, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang LX, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang YF, Zhang YL, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zheng F, Zheng Y, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zuo X, Huang XY. Extended Very-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission Surrounding PSR J0622+3749 Observed by LHAASO-KM2A. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:241103. [PMID: 34213924 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.241103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the discovery of an extended very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray source around the location of the middle-aged (207.8 kyr) pulsar PSR J0622+3749 with the Large High-Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). The source is detected with a significance of 8.2σ for E>25 TeV assuming a Gaussian template. The best-fit location is (right ascension, declination) =(95.47°±0.11°,37.92°±0.09°), and the extension is 0.40°±0.07°. The energy spectrum can be described by a power-law spectrum with an index of -2.92±0.17_{stat}±0.02_{sys}. No clear extended multiwavelength counterpart of the LHAASO source has been found from the radio to sub-TeV bands. The LHAASO observations are consistent with the scenario that VHE electrons escaped from the pulsar, diffused in the interstellar medium, and scattered the interstellar radiation field. If interpreted as the pulsar halo scenario, the diffusion coefficient, inferred for electrons with median energies of ∼160 TeV, is consistent with those obtained from the extended halos around Geminga and Monogem and much smaller than that derived from cosmic ray secondaries. The LHAASO discovery of this source thus likely enriches the class of so-called pulsar halos and confirms that high-energy particles generally diffuse very slowly in the disturbed medium around pulsars.
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Fu Y, Zhang YL, Li LY, Yang N, Ran ZL, Gu ZH. [Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for subretinal fluid after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair]. [ZHONGHUA YAN KE ZA ZHI] CHINESE JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2021; 57:426-432. [PMID: 34098691 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20201225-00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To identify factors associated with persistent subretinal fluid (SRF) after scleral buckling and to evaluate surgical outcomes of patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Methods: Cross-sectional study and cohort study. This study included 104 patients (104 eyes) who underwent scleral buckling for repair of RRD between January 2016 and June 2017. Several statistically significant risk factors associated with SRF were screened out with univariate analysis. Then independent risk factors were determined with multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis. Examinations were taken preoperatively, at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, and thereafter every six months. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence or absence of persistent SRF on optical coherence tomography at 1 month. Results: Persistent SRF occurred in 69.2% (72/104) of patients. In multivariate analysis, younger age (OR=32.860, 95%CI=3.636-296.986, P=0.002), high myopia (OR=7.229, 95%CI=1.217-42.94, P=0.03) and macula-involving retinal detachment (OR=357.397, 95%CI=29.761-4292.0, P=0.000) were associated with persistent SRF. Best corrected visual acuity in patients with SRF at 1 month (0.71±0.18 vs. 0.58±0.11; t=4.047, P<0.01) and 3 months (0.55±0.15 vs. 0.43±0.12; t=3.914, P<0.01) was worse than that in patients with absence of SRF. Best corrected visual acuity in patients with SRF was 0.44±0.16 at 6 months, 0.37±0.12 at 12 months and 0.36±0.10 at the last follow-up, with no significant difference from patients without SRF at the three time points (0.39±0.13, 0.38±0.12 and 0.35±0.09; t=1.643, -0.202, 0.464; P>0.05). Conclusions: RRD patients with younger age, high myopia and macular involvement were more likely to develop persistent SRF after scleral buckling. The presence of persistent SRF slowed visual recovery but did not influence the final visual outcomes. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 426-432).
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Shen LT, Duan ZH, Chen ZH, Yang TC, Lin T, Zhang RQ, Jiang LN, Zeng XH, Wen HX, Zhan QY, Su YY, Zhang YL, Peng ZB, Zheng JD, Zheng RR, Qin Y, Yuan Q, Chen CR. [Effectiveness of the "14 plus 7 day quarantine" and "nucleic acid plus total antibody testing" strategy for screening imported patients with COVID-19 in Xiamen]. ZHONGHUA LIU XING BING XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LIUXINGBINGXUE ZAZHI 2021; 42:1002-1007. [PMID: 34814497 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20210128-00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analysis effectiveness of the "14 plus 7 day quarantine" and "nucleic acid plus total antibody testing" strategy (combined screening strategy) for screenin the imported patients with COVID-19 in Xiamen. Methods: The study populations were overseas travelers arriving in Xiamen from March 17 to December 31, 2020, and overseas travelers who had quarantine outside Xiamen for less than 21 days from July 18 to December 31, 2020. Data were collected and analyzed on the timing of detection, pathways, and test results of the imported patients with COVID-19 after implementing combined screening strategy. Results: A total of 304 imported patients with COVID-19 were found from 174 628 overseas travelers and 943 overseas travelers from other cities. A total of 163 cases (53.6%) were diagnosed by multitime, multisite intensive nucleic acid testing after positive finding in total antibody testing. Among them, 27 (8.9%) were first positive for nucleic acid in 14 plus 7 day quarantine and 136 were first positive for nucleic acid in 14-day quarantine. Only 8 of these individuals were tested positive for nucleic acid after positive total antibody testing. The other 128 individuals were tested positive for nucleic acid after being negative for average 2.3 times (maximum of 6 times). Aditional 155 cases might be detected by using the combined "14 plus 7 day quarantine" and " nucleic acid plus total antibody testing" strategy compared with "14-day quarantine and nucleic acid testing" strategy, accounting for 51.0% of the total inbound infections. So the combined screening strategy doubled the detection rate for imported patients with COVID-19. No second-generation case caused by overseas travelers had been reported in Xiamen as of February 26, 2021. Conclusions: Xiamen's combined screening strategy can effectively screen the imported patients with COVID-19 who were first positive for nucleic acid after 14 day quarantine. Compared with "14 day quarantine and nucleic acid testing", the combined screening strategy improved detection rate and further reduced the risk of the secondary transmission caused by the imported patients with COVID-19.
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Cao Z, Aharonian FA, An Q, Axikegu, Bai LX, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Cai H, Cai JT, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chang XC, Chen BM, Chen J, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen XL, Chen Y, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Danzengluobu, Della Volpe D, D Ettorre Piazzoli B, Dong XJ, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fan ZX, Fang J, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng YL, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao Q, Gao W, Ge MM, Geng LS, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo JG, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, He HH, He HN, He JC, He SL, He XB, He Y, Heller M, Hor YK, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu S, Hu SC, Hu XJ, Huang DH, Huang QL, Huang WH, Huang XT, Huang ZC, Ji F, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jiang K, Jiang ZJ, Jin C, Kuleshov D, Levochkin K, Li BB, Li C, Li C, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li HY, Li J, Li K, Li WL, Li X, Li X, Li XR, Li Y, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu JS, Liu JY, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu YN, Liu ZX, Long WJ, Lu R, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Masood A, Mitthumsiri W, Montaruli T, Nan YC, Pang BY, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi MY, Ruffolo D, Rulev V, Sáiz A, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Shi JR, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Tam PHT, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang BD, Wang C, Wang H, Wang HG, Wang JC, Wang JS, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang RN, Wang W, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XJ, Wang XY, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang YP, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu S, Wu WX, Wu XF, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xia JJ, Xiang GM, Xiao G, Xiao HB, Xin GG, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xu DL, Xu RX, Xue L, Yan DH, Yang CW, Yang FF, Yang JY, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang SB, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Ye YM, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zeng ZK, Zha M, Zhai XX, Zhang BB, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang JW, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang LX, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang YF, Zhang YL, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zheng F, Zheng Y, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zuo X. Ultrahigh-energy photons up to 1.4 petaelectronvolts from 12 γ-ray Galactic sources. Nature 2021; 594:33-36. [PMID: 34002091 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The extension of the cosmic-ray spectrum beyond 1 petaelectronvolt (PeV; 1015 electronvolts) indicates the existence of the so-called PeVatrons-cosmic-ray factories that accelerate particles to PeV energies. We need to locate and identify such objects to find the origin of Galactic cosmic rays1. The principal signature of both electron and proton PeVatrons is ultrahigh-energy (exceeding 100 TeV) γ radiation. Evidence of the presence of a proton PeVatron has been found in the Galactic Centre, according to the detection of a hard-spectrum radiation extending to 0.04 PeV (ref. 2). Although γ-rays with energies slightly higher than 0.1 PeV have been reported from a few objects in the Galactic plane3-6, unbiased identification and in-depth exploration of PeVatrons requires detection of γ-rays with energies well above 0.1 PeV. Here we report the detection of more than 530 photons at energies above 100 teraelectronvolts and up to 1.4 PeV from 12 ultrahigh-energy γ-ray sources with a statistical significance greater than seven standard deviations. Despite having several potential counterparts in their proximity, including pulsar wind nebulae, supernova remnants and star-forming regions, the PeVatrons responsible for the ultrahigh-energy γ-rays have not yet been firmly localized and identified (except for the Crab Nebula), leaving open the origin of these extreme accelerators.
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Alemanno F, An Q, Azzarello P, Barbato FCT, Bernardini P, Bi XJ, Cai MS, Catanzani E, Chang J, Chen DY, Chen JL, Chen ZF, Cui MY, Cui TS, Cui YX, Dai HT, D'Amone A, De Benedittis A, De Mitri I, de Palma F, Deliyergiyev M, Di Santo M, Dong TK, Dong ZX, Donvito G, Droz D, Duan JL, Duan KK, D'Urso D, Fan RR, Fan YZ, Fang K, Fang F, Feng CQ, Feng L, Fusco P, Gao M, Gargano F, Gong K, Gong YZ, Guo DY, Guo JH, Guo XL, Han SX, Hu YM, Huang GS, Huang XY, Huang YY, Ionica M, Jiang W, Kong J, Kotenko A, Kyratzis D, Lei SJ, Li S, Li WL, Li X, Li XQ, Liang YM, Liu CM, Liu H, Liu J, Liu SB, Liu WQ, Liu Y, Loparco F, Luo CN, Ma M, Ma PX, Ma T, Ma XY, Marsella G, Mazziotta MN, Mo D, Niu XY, Pan X, Parenti A, Peng WX, Peng XY, Perrina C, Qiao R, Rao JN, Ruina A, Salinas MM, Shang GZ, Shen WH, Shen ZQ, Shen ZT, Silveri L, Song JX, Stolpovskiy M, Su H, Su M, Sun ZY, Surdo A, Teng XJ, Tykhonov A, Wang H, Wang JZ, Wang LG, Wang S, Wang XL, Wang Y, Wang YF, Wang YZ, Wang ZM, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YF, Wen SC, Wu D, Wu J, Wu LB, Wu SS, Wu X, Xia ZQ, Xu HT, Xu ZH, Xu ZL, Xu ZZ, Xue GF, Yang HB, Yang P, Yang YQ, Yao HJ, Yu YH, Yuan GW, Yuan Q, Yue C, Zang JJ, Zhang F, Zhang SX, Zhang WZ, Zhang Y, Zhang YJ, Zhang YL, Zhang YP, Zhang YQ, Zhang Z, Zhang ZY, Zhao C, Zhao HY, Zhao XF, Zhou CY, Zhu Y. Measurement of the Cosmic Ray Helium Energy Spectrum from 70 GeV to 80 TeV with the DAMPE Space Mission. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:201102. [PMID: 34110215 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.201102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic ray helium nuclei from 70 GeV to 80 TeV using 4.5 years of data recorded by the Dark Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) is reported in this work. A hardening of the spectrum is observed at an energy of about 1.3 TeV, similar to previous observations. In addition, a spectral softening at about 34 TeV is revealed for the first time with large statistics and well controlled systematic uncertainties, with an overall significance of 4.3σ. The DAMPE spectral measurements of both cosmic protons and helium nuclei suggest a particle charge dependent softening energy, although with current uncertainties a dependence on the number of nucleons cannot be ruled out.
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Huo MZ, Niu WB, Xu JW, Shi H, Liu YD, Zhang YL. [Genetics Analysis of patients with Dravet syndrome due to mosaicism variation of paternal SCN1A gene]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2021; 101:1182-1185. [PMID: 33902251 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20201225-03468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Genetic analysis was performed on a family of fraternal twins affected with Dravet syndrome by genetic tests whose parents were normal. To further analyze the cause of the disease, the fraternal twins were subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES), and the family was verified by Sanger sequencing, with the father semen and peripheral blood DNA were further analysed by target sequencing. The WES test identified a heterozygous c.5348C>T (p.Ala1783Val) variant of the SCN1A gene in the fraternal twins, which was predicted to be pathogenic and was detected in the father peripheral blood and semen, but not in the mother. So the mosaicism mutation of paternal SCN1A gene might be the genetic cause of Dravet syndrome in offspring.
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Suter MA, Tan NY, Thiam CH, Khatoo M, MacAry PA, Angeli V, Gasser S, Zhang YL. cGAS-STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway is suppressed by JAK2-STAT3 in tumor cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7243. [PMID: 33790360 PMCID: PMC8012641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86644-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficiencies in DNA repair and DNA degrading nucleases lead to accumulation of cytosolic DNA. cGAS is a critical DNA sensor for the detection of cytosolic DNA and subsequent activation of the STING signaling pathway. Here, we show that the cGAS-STING pathway was unresponsive to STING agonists and failed to induce type I interferon (IFN) expression in many tested human tumor cells including DU145 prostate cancer cells. Inhibition of IL-6 or the downstream JAK2/STAT3 signaling restored responsiveness to STING agonists in DU145 cells. STING activity in murine TRAMP-C2 prostate cancer cells was critical for tumor rejection and immune cell infiltration. Endogenous STING agonists including double-stranded DNA and RNA:DNA hybrids present in TRAMP-C2 cells contribute to tumor rejection, but tumor growth was further suppressed by administration of cGAMP. Intratumoral co-injections of IL-6 significantly reduced the anti-tumor effects of cGAMP. In summary, STING in tumor cells contributes to tumor rejection in prostate cancer cells, but its functions are frequently suppressed in tumor cells in part via JAK2 and STAT3 pathways.
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Yuan LL, Mai ZJ, Jiang WZ, Zhang YL, Fan YY, Liu YM. [Analysis of the level of T lymphocyte subsets and the relationship with the prognosis of pulmonary fibrosis in patients with paraquat poisoning]. ZHONGHUA LAO DONG WEI SHENG ZHI YE BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LAODONG WEISHENG ZHIYEBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES 2021; 39:114-117. [PMID: 33691365 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20200609-00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the levels of T lymphocyte subsets (CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD4/CD8) in patients with paraquat poisoning, and to explore the relationship between the changes of T lymphocyte subsets and the prognosis of pulmonary fibrosis. Methods: In October 2019, a total of 47 patients with oral 20% paraquat low water solvent poisoning in Guangzhou 12th people's Hospital from June 2018 to June 2019 were selected as the research objects. Patients were divided into early death group (16 cases died within 2 weeks) and non early death group (31 cases survived more than 2 weeks) . The non early death group was divided into pulmonary fibrosis group (23 cases) and normal lung group (8 cases) . 20 healthy people in the same period were randomly selected as the control group. The neutrophils (N) , C reaction protein (CRP) , alanine aminotransferase (ALT) , creatinine (Cr) , amylase (aAMY) , creatine kinase isoenzyme (CKMB) , pH, HCO(3)(-), blood oxygen saturation (SO(2)) and lactic acid (Lac) of patients poisoned within 3 d were examined every day. Independent sample t-test was used for inter group comparison, and paired sample t-test was used for intra group comparison. Results: Compared with non early death group, the levels of N, CRP, ALT, Cr, aAMY, CKMB and Lac in early death group increased (P<0.05) , while pH and HCO(3)(-) decreased (P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the levels of CD3, CD4 and CD4/CD8 were decreased on the first day in the early death group and non early death group (P<0.05) , and the levels of CD3, CD4 and CD4/CD8 were decreased on the 15th day in the pulmonary fibrosis group (P<0.05) . Compared with the normal lung group, the levels of CD3, CD4 and CD4/CD8 in the pulmonary fibrosis group decreased on the 15th day (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The persistent low cellular immune function in patients with paraquat poisoning is related to the progress of pulmonary fibrosis, which is an important factor affecting the prognosis of patients with pulmonary fibrosis.
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Xiong Y, Zhang YL, Du ZD. [Middle and long-term follow-up of 101 children with giant coronary artery aneurysm of Kawasaki disease]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2021; 59:101-106. [PMID: 33548955 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20201124-01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To summarize the clinical features, middle-and long-term prognosis of Kawasaki disease (KD) with giant coronary artery aneurysm (GCAA). Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, a cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 101 KD children with GCAA in the KD with GCAA database established by Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University in 2004. GCAA was diagnosed as coronary artery absolute lumen diameter ≥8.0 mm. All patients were followed up regularly. The endpoint was the time of last follow-up or the death time. T test or χ2 test was used for comparison between groups. Results: A total of 101 KD children with GCAA were enrolled, including 82 males (81.2%) and 19 females (18.8%). The age of disease onset was 2.5 (1.0, 4.5) years. The follow-up duration was 4.5 (2.7, 7.5) years, with a longest of 19 years. All children received routine treatment with aspirin and warfarin, and clopidogrel was added in severe cases. At the end of follow-up, 13 cases (12.9%) had cardiac enlargement, 11 cases (10.9%) developed heart failure, 13 cases (12.9%) experienced myocardial infarction, 2 cases (2.0%) underwent coronary artery bypass graft and 6 cases (5.9%) died. A total of 170 coronary arteries were involved, including 24 (14.1%) GCAAs on the main trunk of left coronary artery, 10 (5.9%) GCAAs on left circumflex, 57 (33.5%) GCAAs on left anterior descending, 78 (45.9%) GCAAs on the middle segments of right coronary artery, and 1 (0.6%) GCAA in the distal segments of right coronary artery. Eleven cases (10.9%) recovered with the coronary artery absolute lumen diameter of all GCAAs below 4.0 mm. Among 170 branches with GCAAs, 28 (16.5%) regressed below 4.0 mm. No significant difference was found in the regression rates between right and left GCAA (18.7% (17/91) vs. 13.9% (11/79), χ²=2.473, P=0.116). There was no statistically significant difference in retraction between unilateral GCAA and bilateral GCAA (16.1% (9/56) vs. 4.4% (2/45), χ2=2.381, P=0.123). Conclusions: GCAA of KD occurred more common in the middle segments of right and left anterior descending coronary arteries. The incidence of adverse cardiac events and the mortality rate in children with GCAA complicated with KD was high. Their long-term prognosis was poor.
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Liu X, Hu J, Hu XR, Li XX, Guan DR, Liu JQ, Zhang YL, Zhang FK. [Expression of iron-regulating erythroid factors in different types of erythropoiesis disorders]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2021; 42:52-57. [PMID: 33677869 PMCID: PMC7957252 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the expression of iron-regulating erythroid factors in different types of erythropoiesis disorders. Methods: From January 2016 to November 2019, the plasma concentrations of iron-regulating erythroid factors were measured by ELISA methods in 47 patients with different types of erythropoiesis disorders. The adaptation orientation of iron-regulating erythroid factor expression with bone marrow erythropoiesis activities (represented by bone marrow-nucleated erythrocytes ratio) was analyzed. Results: The median plasma growth differentiation factor (GDF) 15 levels in patients with polycythemia vera (PV) , pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) , autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) , and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) were 266.01 ng/L (112.40, 452.37) , 110.63 ng/L (81.41, 220.42) , 52.11 ng/L (32.61, 171.66) , and 276.53 (132.16, 525.70) ng/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in normal patients with 37.45 (19.65, 57.72) ng/L (all P < 0.01) . The plasma TWSG1 expression levels were not significantly different in patients with PV, PRCA, AIHA, and MDS from those of normal patients (P>0.05) . The median plasma GDF11 level in PV was 74.75 (10.95, 121.32) ng/L, which was significantly higher than 36.90 (3.38, 98.34) ng/L in normal control subjects (P<0.01) . However, no statistical differences were observed in the other three subjects (P>0.05) . The median plasma erythroferrone (ERFE) levels in AIHA and PV were 121.76 ng/L (68.12, 343.11) and 129.63 (47.02, 170.03) ng/L, respectively, with the highest level in AIHA in all the studied types of erythropoiesis disorders. The bone marrow-nucleated erythrocytes ratio was significantly and positively correlated with ERFE (r=0.458, P=0.001) but not with GDF15 (r=-0.163, P=0.274) , GDF11 (r=0.120, P=0.421) , and TWSG1 (r=-0.166, P=0.269) . Conclusion: The expression profile of iron-regulating erythroid factors is not exactly the same in different types of erythropoiesis disorders. ERFE demonstrated the highest correlation with erythropoiesis activities.
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Zhang YL, He HJ, Cheng J, Shen DH. [Value of histopathological growth pattern in predicting 3-year progression free survival after operation in patients with liver metastasis of colorectal cancer]. ZHONGHUA BING LI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 50:26-31. [PMID: 33396983 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20200405-00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the value of histopathological growth patterns (HGP) in predicting the 3-year progression free survival (PFS) after resection the liver metastasis from patients with colorectal cancer. Methods: The clinicopathological data of the 111 patients with liver metastasis of colorectal cancer diagnosed at Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China from January 2007 to January 2017 were analyzed. After excluding the patients who did not meet the inclusion criteria, a total of 80 patients were analyzed. According to the international expert consensus on HGP, the HGP types of liver metastasis were evaluated. The correlation between HGP and other clinicopathological factors was analyzed using χ2 or Fisher test. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to examine 3-year PFS in the patients with liver metastasis of colorectal cancer by HGP. The independent risk factors of 3-year post-resection PFS were determined using univariable and multivariable analyses. Results: A total of 80 cases were analyzed, including 43 cases of desmoplastic type (54%), 32 cases of replacement type (40%), 3 cases of pushing type (4%), and 2 cases of mixed type (2%). There was no correlation of HGP with age, gender, time of metastasis, tumor burden, histological grade, mucous differentiation or microsatellite instability. The 3-year post-resection PFS of the patients with desmoplastic type was significantly longer than that of patients with replacement type. The univariable and multivariable analyses showed that HGP was an independent prognostic factor. Conclusions: The HGP of colorectal cancer metastases to the liver mainly present as desmoplastic and replacement types. HGP is an independent prognostic factor for the patients with liver metastasis of colorectal cancer after resection of the metastasis. Therefore, HGP should be clearly indicated in the pathological report to help guide clinical treatments.
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Zheng YM, Guo LX, Li YH, Guan XX, Guan L, Zhang YL, Li SQ, Zhao ZM. [Investigation of the relationship between occupational gasoline exposure and metabolic syndrome]. ZHONGHUA LAO DONG WEI SHENG ZHI YE BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LAODONG WEISHENG ZHIYEBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES 2020; 38:823-826. [PMID: 33287474 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20191010-00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the correlation between occupational gasoline exposure and metabolic syndrome (MS) . Methods: In September 2019, a total of 147 occupational gasoline exposure workers from a oil sales company in Beijing were selected as the observation group by using cluster sampling method, 158 people without gasoline exposure from the company were selected as the control group. Occupational health examination were performed to measure body mass, blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) , triglycerides (TG) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and other data. General demographic characteristics, occupational history, past medical history and personal history were analyzed either. Results: The levels of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, FPG, TG and BMI in the observation group were all higher than those in the control group (P<0.05) . The detection rates of MS, obesity and hypertension in the observation group were all higher than those in the control group (P<0.05) . There were no significant differences in age, gender, working age, drinking, smoking, marital status, HDL-C level, detection rates of abnormal TG and HDL-C between the observation group and the control group (P>0.05) . The odds ratio (OR) of MS in the observation group was 1.988 times that in the control group (P<0.05) . Conclusion: Occupational gasoline exposure is associated with the increasing detection rate of MS.
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Guo WS, Zhao DY, Zhang HW, Lu DL, Liu Y, Qian D, Yang CY, Guan Z, Zhao YL, Zhou RM, Li SH, Wang H, Deng Y, Chen WQ, Zhang YL. [Epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Henan Province from 1950 to 2019]. ZHONGGUO XUE XI CHONG BING FANG ZHI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS CONTROL 2020; 33:62-65. [PMID: 33660476 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Henan Province from 1950 to 2019, so as to provide the scientific evidence for consolidating malaria elimination achievements in the province. METHODS The epidemiological situation of malaria and demographic data in Henan Province from 1950 to 2019 were collected, and the statistical analyses were performed using a descriptive epidemiological method. The spatial temporal distribution of malaria cases was identified using the software ArcGIS version 10.3. RESULTS During the period from 1950 through 2019, the progress of malaria elimination was divided into 4 stages in Henan Province, including the baseline-survey and key-control stage, morbidity-control and incidence-reduction stage, basic-eradication and achievement-consolidation stage and elimination stage. The spatial distribution of malaria cases shifted from south of the Huai River and the plain regions between the Yellow River and Taihang Mountain to the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and Nanyang Basin, then was concentrated in eastern part of southern Huai River where Anopheles anthropophagus was distributed, and finally was gradually under control following malaria outbreak in Eastern Henan Plain. In addition, the species of Plasmodium changed from P. vivax, P. falciparum and P. malariae co-endemics to a single P. vivax infection, and the current co-endemics of 5 invasive malaria parasites, and the malaria vectors shifted from co-existence of Anopheles sinensis and An. anthropophagus to An. sinensis alone. CONCLUSIONS There has been a large change in the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Henan Province from 1950 to 2019. Although malaria has been eliminated in Henan Province, the consolidation of the malaria elimination achievements remain a great challenge due to overseas imported malaria.
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Mi RH, Dang HB, Chen L, Han YL, Wang MF, Zhang YL, Chen L, Li DB, Wei XD. [Clinical analysis of 12 cases of acute myeloid leukemia complicated with synchronous primary solid tumor]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2020; 100:3323-3327. [PMID: 33202495 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20200721-02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) complicated with simultaneous multiple primary cancer (SMPC). Methods: The data of 12 AML patients with SMPC hospitalized in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanyang Medical College, the Xinhua District Hospital of Pingdingshan City and the First People's Hospital of Pingdingshan City from March 2014 to July 2019 were analyzed retrospectively, and their clinical features, treatment and prognosis were summarized. Results: Among the 12 patients, there were 6 males and 6 females, with a median age of 58 years (39-70 years). AML classification: according to French-American-British (FAB) classification, the 12 AML patients were classified as M0 1, M1 1, M2a 5, M2b 1, M3 2, M5 2; according to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) prognosis stratified, low risk group 1 case, medium risk group 4 cases, high risk group 7 cases; classification of solid tumors: 3 cases of lung cancer, 1 case of breast cancer, 2 cases of gastric cancer, 3 cases of esophageal cancer, 1 case of rectal neuroendocrine tumor, 1 case of invasive hydatidiform mole and 1 case of sigmoid colon cancer. The median time interval for the diagnosis of two primary malignant tumors was 4 (from 2.6 to 5.6) months. Results of gene mutation detection: AML prognostic gene detection results: a total of 12 kinds of gene abnormalities including ASXL1, JAK2, TET2, U2AF1, ABCB1, FLT3-ITD, RUNX1, SETBPIT, TET2 (single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP), p53, IKZF1 and IDH2 were detected, and solid tumor related genes were detected: a total of 4 kinds of gene abnormalities including Her-2, EGFR, K-RAS and MSI were detected. Survival: among the 12 patients, 1 case was lost during follow-up, 2 cases were still in treatment, 3 cases ended treatment and the condition was stable, 6 cases died. The median overall survival of 12 patients was 12.5 (from 3.8 to 48.0) months. Conclusions: It is not clear whether there is a certain correlation between the simultaneous occurrence of AML and solid tumors. Patients with AML and synchronous solid tumors are not unusual. Both tumors should be treated aggressively at the same time.
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Zhang R, Zhong XM, Gong YZ, Ma X, Zhu D, Ning HJ, Wang FP, Zou JZ, Zhang YL. [Analysis of clinical characteristics and drug treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in children: a single center study]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2020; 58:570-575. [PMID: 32605341 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20200504-00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and efficacy of drug treatment in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) at different ages of onset. Methods: The clinical data of 87 children with IBD admitted to Department of Gastroenterology in Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics from January 2009 to December 2018 were collected. The patients were divided into four groups according to the age of onset: 0 -<2 years old group (36 cases), 2 -<6 years old group (10 cases), 6 -<10 years old group (12 cases) and 10 -<18 years old group (29 cases). The clinical manifestations, laboratory examination, endoscopic findings, pathologic and genetic changes, and treatment were compared among different age groups with chi-square test or Fisher's exact text. Results: (1) A total of 87 patients were diagnosed with IBD, including 50 Crohn's disease (CD) (57%), 25 ulcerative colitis (UC) (29%) and 12 unclassified inflammatory bowel disease (IBD-U) (14%). (2) Patients with fever accounted for 78% (28/36) and 8/10 in the 0 -<2 years old group and 2 -<6 years old group, respectively. Patients with abdominal pain and perianal diseases accounted for 6% (2/36) and 47% (17/36) in the 0 -<2 years old group, and their proportions were significantly different among the four groups (χ(2)=8.369, 40.317 and 13.130, all P<0.05). (3) Leukocytosis, thrombocytosis and anemia were more common in the 0-<2 years old group, seen in 72% (26/36), 31% (11/36) and 81% (29/36), respectively. There were significant differences in the changes of complete blood count among the four groups (χ(2)=21.919, 8.095 and 11.520, all P<0.05). (4) Colonic involvement accounted for 85% (17/20) in the 0 -<2 years old CD patients. While in the CD patients over 6 years old, 61% (14/23) had inflammation of ileum and colon, with a significant difference compared to that in patients under 6 years old (19% (5/27) , χ(2)=9.455, P=0.003). Also, the location of bowel inflammation among the four groups were significantly different (χ(2)=21.120, P<0.01). (5) Noncaseating granulomas were found in 15 (30%) CD patients, and crypt abscess was found in 11 (44%) UC patients. (6) Among the 24 patients whose genes were analyzed by high throughput sequencing, 12 had pathogenic single gene mutation. (7) There were 25 patients treated with total enteral nutrition. Among the 25 patients treated with thalidomide, 20 (80%) had clinical remission or partial remission. Among the 19 CD patients treated with infliximab (IFX), 14 had clinical remission at the 6(th) week of treatment, and the proportion of remission maintenance at the 30(th) week of treatment was 12/14. (8) The rate of clinical remission or partial remission was 64% (23/36) in the 0 -<2 years old group, 8/10 in the 2 -<6 years old group, 11/12 in the 6 -<10 years old group, and 83% (24/29) in the 10 -<18 years old group. Conclusions: The proportion of CD was higher than that of UC in this study. Infant onset inflammatory bowel disease was more likely to present with perianal lesions, and was usually associated with leukocytosis, thrombocytosis and anemia, and has high possibility of single gene mutation. IFX may be effective in treating CD.
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