Observation of quantum entanglement with top quarks at the ATLAS detector

Entanglement is a key feature of quantum mechanics1-3, with applications in fields such as metrology, cryptography, quantum information and quantum computation4-8. It has been observed in a wide variety of systems and length scales, ranging from the microscopic9-13 to the macroscopic14-16. However, entanglement remains largely unexplored at the highest accessible energy scales. Here we report the highest-energy observation of entanglement, in top-antitop quark events produced at the Large Hadron Collider, using a proton-proton collision dataset with a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 13 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 140 inverse femtobarns (fb)-1 recorded with the ATLAS experiment. Spin entanglement is detected from the measurement of a single observable D, inferred from the angle between the charged leptons in their parent top- and antitop-quark rest frames. The observable is measured in a narrow interval around the top-antitop quark production threshold, at which the entanglement detection is expected to be significant. It is reported in a fiducial phase space defined with stable particles to minimize the uncertainties that stem from the limitations of the Monte Carlo event generators and the parton shower model in modelling top-quark pair production. The entanglement marker is measured to be D = -0.537 ± 0.002 (stat.) ± 0.019 (syst.) for 340 GeV < m t t ¯ < 380 GeV . The observed result is more than five standard deviations from a scenario without entanglement and hence constitutes the first observation of entanglement in a pair of quarks and the highest-energy observation of entanglement so far.

The first results of the hydrogen cyanide (HCN) interferometer measuring experimental research apparatus for electromagnetic science (ERAES) for hypersonic vehicle plasma in near space

The formation of a plasma sheath on the surface of spacecraft or satellites during high-speed atmospheric entry is a significant factor that affects communication and radar detection. Experimental research apparatus for electromagnetic science can simulate this plasma sheath and study the interaction mechanisms between electromagnetic waves and plasma sheaths. Electron density is a crucial parameter for this research. Therefore, in this paper, a HCN heterodyne interferometer has been designed to measure the electron densities of the device, which range from 1 × 109 to 3 × 1013 cm-3 and the pressure ranges from 50 to 1500 Pa. The light source is a HCN laser with a wavelength of 337 µm, which exhibits higher spatial resolution compared to microwave interferometers. The interferometer is configured as a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, which generates an intermediate frequency through the Doppler shift achieved by a rotating grating. The spatial and temporal resolution of the HCN interferometry reach ∼14 mm and 100 µs, respectively. Antenna-coupled ALGaN/GaN-HEMT detectors have been utilized, as they possess higher sensitivity-with a typical reduction factor responsivity of around 900 V/W-than VDI planar-diode Integrated Conical Horn Fundamental Mixers in HCN interferometry. Recently, the initial results of the HCN interferometer designed for ERAES have been obtained during an experimental campaign, demonstrating a phase resolution of up to 0.04π.

Deep-learning features based on F18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) to predict preoperative colorectal cancer lymph node metastasis

AIM

The objective of this study was to create and authenticate a prognostic model for lymph node metastasis (LNM) in colorectal cancer (CRC) that integrates clinical, radiomics, and deep transfer learning features.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In this study, we analyzed data from 119 CRC patients who underwent F18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) scanning. The patient cohort was divided into training and validation subsets in an 8:2 ratio, with an additional 33 external data points for testing. Initially, we conducted univariate analysis to screen clinical parameters. Radiomics features were extracted from manually drawn images using pyradiomics, and deep-learning features, radiomics features, and clinical features were selected using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression and Spearman correlation coefficient. We then constructed a model by training a support vector machine (SVM), and evaluated the performance of the prediction model by comparing the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity. Finally, we developed nomograms combining clinical and radiological features for interpretation and analysis.

RESULTS

The deep learning radiomics (DLR) nomogram model, which was developed by integrating deep learning, radiomics, and clinical features, exhibited excellent performance. The area under the curve was (AUC = 0.934, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.884-0.983) in the training cohort, (AUC = 0.902, 95% CI: 0.769-1.000) in the validation cohort, and (AUC = 0.836, 95% CI: 0.673-0.998) in the test cohort.

CONCLUSION

We developed a preoperative predictive machine-learning model using deep transfer learning, radiomics, and clinical features to differentiate LNM status in CRC, aiding in treatment decision-making for patients.

Long-Term Bonding Efficacy of CAD/CAM Hybrid Restorative Materials and Universal Adhesives

OBJECTIVES

In-office and lab milled prostheses are the staple for indirect restorations. It is therefore critical to determine their long-term bonding durability.

METHODS

CAD/ CAM blocks of two classes of restorative materials: 1) a nano-ceramic reinforced polymer matrix (NCPM) and, 2) a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) were bonded using four different universal adhesives (UA) and silane systems. A lithium disilicate glassceramic (LDS) was used as a reference. The blocks were bisected and bonded with different UA/resin-cement pairs. Bonded blocks were then cut into 1.0x1.0x12.0 mm bar specimens for microtensile bond testing. Half the bars were subjected to bond strength testing immediately and the other half after aging by 50,000 thermal cycles between 5°C and 55°C. ANOVA and post-hoc tests were used to compare mean bond strength among groups.

RESULTS

NCPM presented consistently high bond strength regardless of bonding techniques, while the bond strength of PICN and LDS were lower when bonded with UA relative to traditional silanes. The more hydrophilic UA produced higher bond strengths.

DISCUSSION

Glass-ceramics exhibited lower bond strength with UA than the conventional etch-rinse-silane techniques. However, UAs preserved bonding interface in the long-term.

SIGNIFICANCE

NCPM displayed superior bond strength relative to PICN and LDS regardless of the type of adhesives and bonding techniques.

An in vitro evaluation of the fatigue behavior of resin composite materials as part of a translational research cycle

PURPOSE

This study aimed to reproduce and translate clinical presentations in an in vitro set-up and evaluate laboratory outcomes of mechanical properties (flexural strength, fatigue resistance, wear resistance) and link them to the clinical outcomes of the employed materials in the Radboud Tooth Wear Project (RTWP).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Four dental resin composites were selected. 30 discs (Ø12.0 mm, 1.2 mm thick) were fabricated for each of Clearfil TM AP-X (AP), Filtek TM Supreme XTE (FS), Estenia TM C&B (ES), and Lava Ultimate (LU). Cyclic loading (200 N, 2 Hz frequency) was applied concentrically to 15 specimens per group with a spherical steatite indenter (r = 3.18 mm) in water in a contact-load-slide-liftoff motion (105 cycles). The wear scar was analysed using profilometry and the volume loss was digitally computed. Finally, all specimens were loaded (fatigued specimens with their worn surface loaded in tension) until fracture in a biaxial flexure apparatus. The differences in volume loss and flexural strength were determined using regression analysis.

RESULTS

Compared to AP and FS, ES and LU showed a significantly lower volume loss (p < 0.05). Non-fatigued ES specimens had a similar flexural strength compared to nonfatigued AP, while non-fatigued FS and LU specimens had a lower flexural strength (p < 0.001; 95 %CI: -80.0 - 51.8). The fatigue test resulted in a significant decrease of the flexural strength of ES specimens, only (p < 0.001; 95 %CI: -96.1 - -54.6).

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

These outcomes concur with the outcomes of clinical studies on the longevity of these composites in patients with tooth wear. Therefore, the employed laboratory test seems to have the potential to test materials in a clinically relevant way.

Assessing morinidazole for surgical site infection in class III wounds prevention: a multi-centre, randomized, single-blind, parallel-controlled study

INTRODUCTION

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are significant postoperative risks; antibiotic prophylaxis is crucial due to the presence of anaerobic bacteria. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of a novel nitroimidazole, morinidazole, in SSI reduction in class III wounds, as there is currently a lack of evidence in the existing literature.

METHODS

A multi-centre randomized clinical trial was conducted from December 2020 to October 2022 in the general surgery departments of 12 tertiary hospitals in China, including 459 patients in two treatment groups using morinidazole plus ceftriaxone or ceftriaxone alone. Efficacy and safety were evaluated including SSI incidence, adverse events, and compliance. Statistical analysis employed SAS 9.4 software. Data analysis was performed from February to May 2023.

RESULTS

A total of 440 participants (median (interquartile range, IQR) age, 63.0 (54.0, 70.0) years; 282 males (64.09%); 437 patients were of Han race (99.32%) and were randomized. The experimental group exhibited a significantly lower SSI rate compared with the control group (31 (14.49%) vs 52 (23.01%); risk difference, 1.76%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-2.88%; P=0.0224). The superficial incisional site infections revealed a marked reduction in the experimental group (12 (5.61%) vs 31 (13.37%); risk difference, 2.68%; 95% CI 1.34-5.36%; P=0.0042). Non-surgical site infections, severe postoperative complications, and total adverse events showed no statistically significant differences between the groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSION

The significant decrease in SSI rates and superficial incisional infections demonstrates morinidazole to be a valuable prophylactic antibiotic. Our findings provide valuable insights for clinical practice, where this new-generation nitroimidazole can play a crucial role in SSI prevention.

Measurements of Chemical Potentials in Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV

This Letter presents the most precise measurement to date of the matter-antimatter imbalance at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV. Using the Statistical Hadronization framework, it is possible to obtain the value of the electric charge and baryon chemical potentials, μ_{Q}=-0.18±0.90  MeV and μ_{B}=0.71±0.45  MeV, with unprecedented precision. A centrality-differential study of the antiparticle-to-particle yield ratios of charged pions, protons, Ω baryons, and light (hyper)nuclei is performed. These results indicate that the system created in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC is on average baryon-free and electrically neutral at midrapidity.

[Optimization of the control strategy and research priorities to combat the resurgence of visceral leishmaniasis in China]

Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Leishmania infection and transmitted by sandflies. There are three main forms of leishmaniasis, including cutaneous leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. China is mainly endemic for visceral leishmaniasis, which is a class C notifiable infectious disease in the country. Following concerted efforts, the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis had been controlled in most endemic foci of China by the end of 1958, with a few cases reported in western China. Due to global climate changes and population mobility, resurgence of visceral leishmaniasis has recently occurred in historical endemic areas of central and western China, which is characterized by gradual expansion of endemic areas and remarkable rebounding epidemics. Hereby, we summarize the national and global epidemiology and control strategy of visceral leishmaniasis, propose 8 key research areas and 12 key research topics for visceral leishmaniasis control, and recommend the establishment of the joint prevention and control mechanism of "human-animals-vectors" and the working mechanism of animal prevention for human diseases based on the One Health approach, so as to combat the resurgence of visceral leishmaniasis in China.

[Evaluation of the anatomical morphology of the adrenal veins in patients with primary aldosteronism by adrenal venous sampling]

Objective: To analyze the anatomical characteristics of the adrenal veins through adrenal venography to improve the success rate of adrenal venography (AVS). Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. Patients who were diagnosed with primary aldosteronism and underwent AVS from January 2019 to October 2023 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University were included. Adrenal vein imaging was collected from the enrolled patients. We performed statistical analysis on the adrenal vein orifice position, inflow angle, and adrenal venography morphology. The adrenal venous orifice was defined as the location where the catheter was placed at the end of the calm inhalation. Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between the positions of bilateral adrenal vein orifices and body mass index (BMI). Results: A total of 282 patients with successful bilateral AVS and complete bilateral adrenal vein imaging were enrolled, of whom 57.1% (161/282) were male and the age was (53.3±10.7) years old. The orifice of the left adrenal vein was located between the middle segment of the 11th thoracic vertebra and the upper segment of the 2nd lumbar vertebra. The inflow angle relative to the position of the orifice was all leftward and upward. The orifice of the right adrenal vein was located between the upper segment of the 11th thoracic vertebra and the lower segment of the 1st lumbar vertebra, and 91.1% (257/282) had a rightward and downward angle of inflow relative to the position of the orifice. The position of the adrenal vein orifices on both the left (r=0.211, P<0.001) and right (r=0.196, P=0.001) showed positive correlation with BMI. The position of the right adrenal vein orifice also increased with the position of the left adrenal orifice (r=0.530, P<0.001). The most common adrenal venography morphology on the right side was triangular (36.5%, 103/282), while the most common venography morphology on the left side was glandular (66.3%, 187/282). Conclusions: The anatomical morphology of adrenal veins are diverse. Being familiar with the morphological characteristics of the adrenal vein and identifying the adrenal vein accurately during surgery has important clinical value in improving the success rate of AVS.

[Application of immune combination therapy in MSS/pMMR-type colorectal cancer: current status and future perspectives]

In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been widely used in malignant solid tumors with remarkable efficacy. However, in colorectal cancer (CRC), ICIs have shown significant therapeutic effects only in patients with highly microsatellite unstable/mismatch repair-deficient metastatic CRC and these patients are only a minority of all CRC patients. In contrast, the majority of patients, those with microsatellite stable (MSS)/mismatch repair-complete (pMMR)-type metastatic CRC, could hardly benefit from ICI monotherapies, and immune combination therapies have become the key to solveing this clinical challenge. This article introduces the common patterns and possible mechanisms of immune-combination therapies for MSS/pMMR-type CRC, the exploration and progress made in the application of immune-combination therapies, as well as the possible predictive markers of efficacy of immune therapies. The prospects and directions of ICIs in the treatment of MSS/pMMR-type CRC are also discussed.

Precise Measurement of Born Cross Sections for e^{+}e^{-}→DD[over ¯] at sqrt[s]=3.80-4.95 GeV

Using data samples collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider at center-of-mass energies ranging from 3.80 to 4.95 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20  fb^{-1}, a measurement of Born cross sections for the e^{+}e^{-}→D^{0}D[over ¯]^{0} and D^{+}D^{-} processes is presented with unprecedented precision. Many clear peaks in the line shape of e^{+}e^{-}→D^{0}D[over ¯]^{0} and D^{+}D^{-} around the mass range of G(3900), ψ(4040), ψ(4160), Y(4260), and ψ(4415), etc., are foreseen. These results offer crucial experimental insights into the nature of hadron production in the open-charm region.

Measurement of multijet azimuthal correlations and determination of the strong coupling in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 Te V

A measurement is presented of a ratio observable that provides a measure of the azimuthal correlations among jets with large transverse momentum p T . This observable is measured in multijet events over the range ofp T = 360 - 3170 Ge V based on data collected by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13Te V , corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 134fb - 1 . The results are compared with predictions from Monte Carlo parton-shower event generator simulations, as well as with fixed-order perturbative quantum chromodynamics (pQCD) predictions at next-to-leading-order (NLO) accuracy obtained with different parton distribution functions (PDFs) and corrected for nonperturbative and electroweak effects. Data and theory agree within uncertainties. From the comparison of the measured observable with the pQCD prediction obtained with the NNPDF3.1 NLO PDFs, the strong coupling at the Z boson mass scale isα S ( m Z ) = 0.1177 ± 0.0013 (exp) - 0.0073 + 0.0116 (theo) = 0 . 1177 - 0.0074 + 0.0117 , where the total uncertainty is dominated by the scale dependence of the fixed-order predictions. A test of the running of α S in theTe V region shows no deviation from the expected NLO pQCD behaviour.

[Protective effect of Lonicerae japonicae flos extract against doxorubicin-induced liver injury in mice]

OBJECTIVE

To explore the mechanism underlying the protective effect of Lonicerae japonicae flos (LJF) extract against doxorubicin (DOX) -induced liver injury in mice.

METHODS

Network pharmacology methods were used to obtain the intersection genes between LJF targets and disease targets, based on which the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using STRING database for screening the core targets using Cytoscape software. DAVID database was used for bioinformatics analysis, and the core components and core targets were verified using molecular docking study. In a mouse model of DOX-induced liver injury, the effect of LJF extract on liver pathologies, serum levels of ALT and AST, and hepatic expressions of HYP, ROS, TNF-α, IL-6, COL-Ⅳ and P53 proteins were evaluated using HE and Masson staining, ELISA, and Western blotting.

RESULTS

We identified 12 core targets from 43 intersection genes involving cancer pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathways. Molecular docking study suggested that 10 core components of LJF could bind to different core targets. The mice with DOX-induced liver injury showed elevated serum AST and ALT levels with obvious liver injury and fibrosis, increased ROS content, and enhanced expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, HYP, COL-Ⅳ and P53 proteins in the liver tissue. All these changes in the mouse models were significantly alleviated by treatment with LJF extract, suggesting obviously lowered levels of oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis in the liver tissues.

CONCLUSION

LJF extract is capable of alleviating DOX-induced liver injury in mice by downregulating Trp53, TNF and IL-6 to reduce liver oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis.

[Sanguinarine alleviates ulcerative colitis in mice by regulating the Nrf2/NF-κB pathway]

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the mechanism of sanguinarine (SA) for alleviating ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in mice.

METHODS

Male C57BL/6 mouse models of 3.5% DSS-induced UC were randomized for treatment with 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg SA by gavage, 400 mg/kg sulfasalazine by gavage, or 10 mg/kg SA combined with intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg ML385 (a Nrf2 inhibitor). The changes in intestinal inflammation was assessed by monitoring weight changes, disease activity index (DAI) score, colon length measurement, and HE staining. After the treatments, the colon tissues were collected for detection of malondialdehyde (MDA) content using colorimetry, mRNA expressions of inflammatory factors using RT-qPCR, and the expressions of Nrf2, HO-1, Keap-1, p-p65, p65, occludin, and ZO-1 proteins were detected using Western blotting.

RESULTS

SA treatment obviously alleviated weight loss, colon length shortening and DAI score increase and ameliorated structural destruction of the colon glands and colonic crypts in mice with DSSinduced UC. SA intervention significantly decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA and lowered ROS and MDA levels in the colon tissue of UC mice. The mouse models receiving SA treatment showed significantly increased expressions of Nrf2, HO-1, occludin and ZO-1 and lowered expressions of Keap-1 and P-P65 in the colon tissue without significant changes of p65 expression, and these changes were SA dose-dependent. Treatment with ML385 obviously attenuated the effect of highdose SA for improving UC in the mouse models.

CONCLUSION

SA can improve UC-like enteritis in mice possibly by activating the Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway in the colon tissue.

[Sanguinarine induces ferroptosis of colorectal cancer cells by upregulating STUB1 and downregulating GPX4]

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the effect of sanguinarine (SAN) on proliferation and ferroptosis of colorectal cancer cells.

METHODS

SW620 and HCT-116 cells treated with different concentrations of SAN were examined for cell viability changes using CCK8 assay to determine the IC50 of SAN in the two cells. The inhibitory effects of SAN on proliferation, invasion and migration of the cells were evaluated using colony-forming assay and Transwell assays. ROS production in the treated cells was analyzed with flow cytometry, and lipid peroxide production was assessed by detecting malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Glutathione (GSH) levels in the cells were detected, and Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of ferroptosis-related proteins STUB1 and GPX4.

RESULTS

SAN significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of SW620 and HCT-116 cells. SAN treatment significantly promoted ROS production, increased intracellular MDA level, and lowered GSH level in the two cells (P<0.05). Western blotting showed that SAN significantly upregulated the expression of STUB1 and down-regulated the expression of its downstream protein GPX4 (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION

SAN induces ferroptosis in colorectal cancer cells by regulating STUB1/GPX4, which may serve as a new therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.

[Kuwanon G inhibits growth, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway]

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the effects of kuwanon G (KG) on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells and the molecular mechanisms.

METHODS

The effects of KG on proliferation and growth of gastric cancer cells were assessed with CCK-8 assay and cell clone formation assay, by observing tumor formation on the back of nude mice and using immunohistochemical analysis of Ki-67. The effect of KG on cell apoptosis was analyzed using Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit, Western blotting and TUNEL staining. The effects of KG on cell migration and invasion were detected using Transwell migration and invasion assay and Western blotting for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). The role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in KG-mediated regulation of gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion was verified by Western blotting and rescue assay.

RESULTS

KG significantly inhibited proliferation and reduced clone formation ability of gastric cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.05). KG treatment also increased apoptosis, enhanced the expressions of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, down-regulated Bcl-2, lowered migration and invasion capacities and inhibited the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in gastric cancer cells (P < 0.05). Mechanistic validation showed that KG inhibited the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and IGF-1, an activator of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, reversed the effects of KG on proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

KG inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion and promotes apoptosis of gastric cancer cells at least in part by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Measurement of Energy Correlators inside Jets and Determination of the Strong Coupling α_{S}(m_{Z})

Energy correlators that describe energy-weighted distances between two or three particles in a hadronic jet are measured using an event sample of sqrt[s]=13  TeV proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.3  fb^{-1}. The measured distributions are consistent with the trends in the simulation that reveal two key features of the strong interaction: confinement and asymptotic freedom. By comparing the ratio of the measured three- and two-particle energy correlator distributions with theoretical calculations that resum collinear emissions at approximate next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic accuracy matched to a next-to-leading-order calculation, the strong coupling is determined at the Z boson mass: α_{S}(m_{Z})=0.1229_{-0.0050}^{+0.0040}, the most precise α_{S}(m_{Z}) value obtained using jet substructure observables.

[Conjunctival fungal infection mimicking a recurrent conjunctival mass: a case report]

A 40-year-old man presented with recurrent ocular surface masses in his left eye persisting for over a year. Despite undergoing resection of the conjunctival mass and receiving anti-inflammatory treatment at another hospital, the mass reappeared within a week post-surgery. Over the past 6 months, the mass gradually increased in size, accompanied by a decline in vision. Following conjunctival mass excision combined with amniotic membrane transplantation at Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, histopathological examination revealed a fungal infection of the conjunctiva, resulting in a diagnosis of fungal conjunctivitis and conjunctival granuloma in the left eye. The patient received systemic antifungal medications and local therapy, resulting in a stable condition with no recurrence of the mass.

[Q-value-guided femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis for low-to-moderate myopia with age-related accommodation deficiency]

Objective: To evaluate clinical outcomes and visual quality after femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) performed with the Q-value-guided optimized monocular vision protocol (Custom-Q) for correction of low-to-moderate myopia and compensation for age-related accommodation deficiency. Methods: A prospective study was performed based on patients with myopia and age-related accommodation deficiency, who underwent Custom-Q FS-LASIK in the Peking University Third Hospital from October 2022 to October 2023. Monocular and binocular distance, intermediate, and near visual acuities, simulated whole-course visual acuity (binocular defocus curve), objective and subjective refractions, anterior corneal Q factor, anterior corneal higher-order aberrations and a subjective questionnaire assessing near visual acuity and visual quality were evaluated at 3 months postoperatively. Visual acuity was recorded using the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution. The data were analyzed using the t-test and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results: A total of 45 patients (90 eyes) who met the inclusion criteria and completed the 3-month follow-up were included in the study. The mean age of the 21 men (42 eyes) and 24 women (48 eyes) was (42.82±2.72) years. During the 3-month follow-up, all the patients achieved binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity not less than 0.00 and uncorrected near visual acuity not less than 0.20. Defocus curves revealed better results at 3 months postoperatively [0.00 (-0.08, 0.00), -0.08 (-0.08, 0.00)] at intermediate and near vergence (-1.50 to -1.00 D) compared to the preoperative values [0.00 (-0.08, 0.05), -0.08 (-0.08, 0.00)] (P<0.05). All the 45 patients maintained 0.10 or better vision at the defocus range from -2.50 to 0.00 D. The Q value in the dominant eyes was more positive postoperatively (0.01±0.26 vs.-0.15±0.14, P<0.05), while in the nondominant eyes, the Q value and corneal spherical aberration coefficient became more negative than those before surgery (-0.27±0.32 vs.-0.14±0.11, P<0.05; 0.08±0.05 vs. 0.12±0.03, P<0.05). The questionnaire demonstrated 42 (93.3%) patients were satisfied with near vision. The three most commonly reported visual discomforts after surgery were blurred vision, glare and halos. These symptoms were all mild to moderate in severity and did not interfere with daily life. Conclusion: For myopic patients with age-related accommodation deficiency, the Custom-Q algorithm proved to be a safe and effective way to achieve acceptable near vision and visual quality without compromising distance vision.