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Nunes da Silva M, Vasconcelos MW, Pinto V, Balestra GM, Mazzaglia A, Gomez-Cadenas A, Carvalho SMP. Role of methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid in kiwifruit plants further subjected to Psa infection: biochemical and genetic responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 162:258-266. [PMID: 33711719 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of plant elicitors for controlling Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), the etiological agent of the kiwifruit bacterial canker (KBC), has been analysed in the past and, while salicylic acid (SA) seems to decrease disease susceptibility, methyl jasmonate (MJ) shows an opposite effect. However, the metabolic and genomic responses of Psa-infected plants following elicitation with these two compounds, as compared with non-elicited Psa-inoculated plants, are poorly understood, being the focus of this study. Micropropagated A. chinensis 'Hayward' plants were elicited with MJ or SA, and further inoculated with Psa. Fifteen days post-inoculation, Psa population in MJ-treated plants was increased by 7.4-fold, whereas SA elicitation led to decreased Psa colonization (0.5-fold), as compared with non-elicited inoculated plants. Additionally, elicitation with MJ or SA generally decreased polyphenols and lignin concentrations (by at least 20%) and increased total proteins (by at least 50%). MJ led to the upregulation of SOD, involved in plant antioxidant system, and reporter genes for the jasmonic acid (JA) (JIH and LOX1), abscisic acid (SnRK), SA (ICS1), and ethylene (ACAS1, ETR1 and SAM) pathways. Moreover, it increased ABA (40%) and decreased carotenoids (30%) concentrations. Contrastingly, comparing with non-elicited Psa-inoculated plants, SA application resulted in the downregulation of antioxidant system-related genes (SOD and APX) and of reporter genes for ethylene (ETR1) and JA (JIH and ETR1). This study contributes to the understanding of potential mechanisms involved in kiwifruit plant defences against Psa, highlighting the role of the JA, ABA and ethylene in plant susceptibility to the pathogen.
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Zhao L, Cao M, Huang Q, Wang Y, Sun J, Zhang Y, Hou C, Wu Y. Occurrence and Distribution of Actinidia Viruses in Shaanxi Province of China. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:929-939. [PMID: 33021917 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-20-1190-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) is an economically important fruit crop globally. China is the largest kiwifruit-growing country in the world, and Shaanxi Province is the major kiwifruit-growing region in China. A systematic survey detected various symptoms in kiwifruit plants grown in a commercial kiwifruit field in Shaanxi Province. Samples were collected from kiwifruit plants showing symptoms and used for virus detection by high-throughput sequencing. In addition to 10 known kiwifruit viruses, three new viruses were detected and tentatively named Actinidia yellowing ringspot virus (AYRSpV), Actinidia yellowing virus 1 (AcYV1), and Actinidia yellowing virus 2 (AcYV2). The genome sequences of the three new viruses and four known viruses were determined. Based on the demarcation criteria of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, AYRSpV might be a new member of the genus Ilarvirus in the family Bromoviridae, AcYV1 might be a new virus of the genus Waikavirus in the family Secoviridae, and AcYV2 might be a novel virus in the family Tombusviridae. Spherical viral particles were found in the samples infected with AYRSpV, AcYV1, and AcYV2 by transmission electron microscopy. Further analysis showed that all 13 viruses can infect both Actinidia deliciosa and A. chinensis but the incidences of these infections vary among different kiwifruit cultivars in different regions. These results provide valuable information for understanding the virome of kiwifruit in China.
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Zhu D, Ping L, Qian R, Chen C, Hong Y, Tong Z, Yang X. Dissipation behavior, residue dynamics, and dietary risk assessment of forchlorfenuron in postharvest kiwifruits during simulated cold chain logistics and store shelf life. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:20002-20011. [PMID: 33410058 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Forchlorfenuron (CPPU) is often applied during the cultivation of kiwifruit to produce larger fruit. To address degradation patterns of CPPU during simulated cold chain logistics and simulated shelf life of the fruit after harvest, appropriate storage methods and safe consumption behavior can be investigated. In this study, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was adopted to detect CPPU residues under different conditions. CPPU in kiwifruit stored at 6 °C had a half-life of 40.8-77.0 days. However, when kiwifruit was stored at 0 °C under simulated cold chain storage conditions, the half-life of CPPU was 63.0-115.5 days, implying that lower storage temperatures can reduce the degradation rate of CPPU. The residues of CPPU in kiwifruit pulp declined with time, and the reduction followed the first-order kinetics equation. More CPPU residues were present in the pulp of postharvest kiwifruit treated with exogenous ethylene than in the pulp of untreated kiwifruit. Thus, using exogenous ethylene for artificial ripening after harvest is not recommended. We determined that the appropriate cold chain storage temperature is 6 °C. It is recommended that the public select kiwifruit stored for at least 2 weeks. The estimated chronic and acute dietary risk quotients of CPPU are ≤ 0.79% and ≤ 0.11%, respectively. Therefore, it is highly unlikely that consumers will be poisoned by CPPU due to kiwifruit consumption. Our results provide scientific evidence regarding the adoption of appropriate kiwifruit storage methods and consumption behavior to enhance consumption safety.
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Vandelle E, Colombo T, Regaiolo A, Maurizio V, Libardi T, Puttilli MR, Danzi D, Polverari A. Transcriptional Profiling of Three Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae Biovars Reveals Different Responses to Apoplast-Like Conditions Related to Strain Virulence on the Host. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:376-396. [PMID: 33356409 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-20-0248-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is a phytopathogen that causes devastating bacterial canker in kiwifruit. Among five biovars defined by genetic, biochemical, and virulence traits, P. syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 3 (Psa3) is the most aggressive and is responsible for the most recent reported outbreaks; however, the molecular basis of its heightened virulence is unclear. Therefore, we designed the first P. syringae multistrain whole-genome microarray, encompassing biovars Psa1, Psa2, and Psa3 and the well-established model P. syringae pv. tomato, and analyzed early bacterial responses to an apoplast-like minimal medium. Transcriptomic profiling revealed i) the strong activation in Psa3 of all hypersensitive reaction and pathogenicity (hrp) and hrp conserved (hrc) cluster genes, encoding components of the type III secretion system required for bacterial pathogenicity and involved in responses to environmental signals; ii) potential repression of the hrp/hrc cluster in Psa2; and iii) activation of flagellum-dependent cell motility and chemotaxis genes in Psa1. The detailed investigation of three gene families encoding upstream regulatory proteins (histidine kinases, their cognate response regulators, and proteins with diguanylate cyclase or phosphodiesterase domains) indicated that cyclic di-GMP may be a key regulator of virulence in P. syringae pv. actinidiae biovars. The gene expression data were supported by the quantification of biofilm formation. Our findings suggest that diverse early responses to the host apoplast, even among bacteria belonging to the same pathovar, can lead to different virulence strategies and may explain the differing outcomes of infections. Based on our detailed structural analysis of hrp operons, we also propose a revision of hrp cluster organization and operon regulation in P. syringae.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Mariz-Ponte N, Regalado L, Gimranov E, Tassi N, Moura L, Gomes P, Tavares F, Santos C, Teixeira C. A Synergic Potential of Antimicrobial Peptides against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051461. [PMID: 33800273 PMCID: PMC7962642 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is the pathogenic agent responsible for the bacterial canker of kiwifruit (BCK) leading to major losses in kiwifruit productions. No effective treatments and measures have yet been found to control this disease. Despite antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) having been successfully used for the control of several pathogenic bacteria, few studies have focused on the use of AMPs against Psa. In this study, the potential of six AMPs (BP100, RW-BP100, CA-M, 3.1, D4E1, and Dhvar-5) to control Psa was investigated. The minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) were determined and membrane damaging capacity was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis. Among the tested AMPs, the higher inhibitory and bactericidal capacity was observed for BP100 and CA-M with MIC of 3.4 and 3.4-6.2 µM, respectively and MBC 3.4-10 µM for both. Flow cytometry assays suggested a faster membrane permeation for peptide 3.1, in comparison with the other AMPs studied. Peptide mixtures were also tested, disclosing the high efficiency of BP100:3.1 at low concentration to reduce Psa viability. These results highlight the potential interest of AMP mixtures against Psa, and 3.1 as an antimicrobial molecule that can improve other treatments in synergic action.
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Ahmed S, Maalik S, Zehra T, Baig SG, Zehra S, Mohtasheem Ul Hassan M. Preclinical assessment of analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic potential of Fragaria ananassa and Actinidia deliciosa fruit extract. PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021; 34:521-527. [PMID: 34275825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fragaria ananassa (garden strawberry) and Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi) fruits are widely consumed due to their taste and nutritive value however several studies also supports their medicinal uses. Current study was designed to assess the In-Vivo analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity of ethanol extract of Fragaria ananassa (EEFA), Actinidia deliciosa (EEDA) and their 1:1 combination. Albino Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=5) for each study comprising of vehicle control, reference standards *(aspirin and paracetamol 100 mg/kg/day), EEFA (800 mg/kg/day), EEAD (800 mg/kg/day) and 1:1 combination of EEFA and EEAD (400 + 400mg/kg/day). The results revealed significant anti-inflammatory potential of EEAD and their combination with 79.35% and 82.03% inhibition in carrageenan induced paw edema whereas 52.54% inhibition was produced by EEFA against control. However most powerful analgesic effect was produced by EEFA with 52.23% at 60 min followed by EEAD (48.38%) and EEFA+ EEAD combination (44.09%). Similarly, EEFA, EEAD and their combination also lowered the rectal temperature in highly significant manner (p< 0.01) against control. These results suggested the possible role of garden strawberry and kiwi in treating the ailments related to pain, inflammation and fever however further studies are required to elucidate the constituents responsible for it and their exact mechanism.
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Xu G, Sarkar A, Qian L. Does organizational participation affect farmers' behavior in adopting the joint mechanism of pest and disease control? A study of Meixian County, Shaanxi Province. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:1428-1443. [PMID: 33131160 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, there are a lack of well-established relationships regarding farmers' behavior and participation in farmer organizations. The main objective of this study was to explore the effects and mechanisms of organizational participation in the joint control of pest and disease among kiwifruit growers (within the members of organizations). To fulfill this objective, the present study utilized survey data from 577 kiwifruit growers collected from Meixian County, Shaanxi Province, China. A combined method utilizing the instrumental variable (IV) ordered probit and bootstrap multiple mediation effect models were employed to determine the effects of participation by farmers' organizations in the joint control of pest and disease among kiwifruit growers. RESULTS A positive relationship was found between organizational participation and the joint control of pests and diseases. The empirical analysis of this study found that organizational support, organizational learning and organizational norms have mediating effects in the process of farmers' participation in the joint control of pests and disease. It is essential to go beyond individual behavior and tackle group decision-making at the farm level. CONCLUSION This study found a positive effect of organizational participation in joint pest and disease control mechanisms. Moreover, whether the farm is situated in the demonstration zone for kiwifruit cultivation, planting experience, planting area, whether there are people in the family who are village cadres, and the number of older adults in the family significantly positively affect the degree of pest and disease control. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Pereira C, Costa P, Pinheiro L, Balcão VM, Almeida A. Kiwifruit bacterial canker: an integrative view focused on biocontrol strategies. PLANTA 2021; 253:49. [PMID: 33502587 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phage-based biocontrol strategies can be an effective alternative to control Psa-induced bacterial canker of kiwifruit. The global production of kiwifruit has been seriously affected by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) over the last decade. Psa damages both Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa (green kiwifruit) but specially the susceptible Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis (gold kiwifruit), resulting in severe economic losses. Treatments for Psa infections currently available are scarce, involving frequent spraying of the kiwifruit plant orchards with copper products. However, copper products should be avoided since they are highly toxic and lead to the development of bacterial resistance to this metal. Antibiotics are also used in some countries, but bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a serious worldwide problem. Therefore, it is essential to develop new approaches for sustainable agriculture production, avoiding the emergence of resistant Psa bacterial strains. Attempts to develop and establish highly accurate approaches to combat and prevent the occurrence of bacterial canker in kiwifruit plants are currently under study, using specific viruses of bacteria (bacteriophages, or phages) to eliminate the Psa. This review discusses the characteristics of Psa-induced kiwifruit canker, Psa transmission pathways, prevention and control, phage-based biocontrol strategies as a new approach to control Psa in kiwifruit orchards and its advantages over other therapies, together with potential ways to bypass phage inactivation by abiotic factors.
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Ares A, Tacão M, Figueira D, Garcia E, Costa J. Draft Genome Resources Sequences of Six Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae Strains Isolated from Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa Leaves in Portugal. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:237-239. [PMID: 32495697 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-20-0184-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is a quarantine bacterium affecting all the Portuguese main areas of kiwifruit production. We report the draft genome of six P. syringae pv. actinidiae strains isolated from symptomatic leaves of Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa in a study that determined the genetic population structure of the endophytic and epiphytic populations in two consecutive seasons. Average nucleotide identity values were above 99% similarity with reference strains from P. syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 3. The genomic differences found between these strains confirm the genetic diversity described for P. syringae pv. actinidiae population in Portugal. Furthermore, data provide evidence that the initial clonal expansion of P. syringae pv. actinidiae in Europe was followed by a genomic diversification constituting a valuable resource for epidemiological and evolutionary studies, namely when adopting strategies for epidemics management.
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F El Azab E. Ameliorative Effect of Kiwifruit ( Actinidia deliciosa) against Lead-Induced Oxidative Stress in Wistar Albino Rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:599-611. [PMID: 34486335 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.599.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Lead is defined as a severe adverse metal that induces neurological, renal, haematological and hepatic dysfunctions. It stimulates oxidative stress to disrupt the antioxidative enzyme mechanism, organ structure and lipid membranes of the cell. Kiwifruit (<i>Actinidia deliciosa</i>) is amongst the world's most valuable fruits due to its various pharmacological characteristics and health benefits. The present research was intended to observe the antioxidant efficiency of kiwifruit ethanolic extract on lead toxicity in the hepatic, renal, brain and blood tissues in rats. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Twenty-four adult Wister albino rats were classified into 4 groups with 6 rats within each group. The rats in group I functioned as normal control. Animals within group II, III and IV were given three intraperitoneal doses of lead acetate (25 mg kg<sup>1</sup> b.wt., liquefied in distilled H<sub>2</sub>O as a vehicle) on the day 7th, 14th and 21st of the experiment. Group III and IV were the treatment groups and were treated with a daily oral dose of kiwifruit extract (250 and 500 mg kg<sup>1</sup> b.wt., respectively) for 28 days. <b>Results:</b> The protective impact of kiwifruit was observed in the improvement in antioxidant enzyme activity [Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and Glutathione Reductase (GR)] and decreased level of Lipid Peroxidation (LPO) in the liver, brain and kidney tissues. Additionally, <i>Actinidia deliciosa</i> has a great effect on increasing acetylcholine esterase activity in the brain and also, improved the delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in the blood. <b>Conclusion:</b> Kiwifruit emerged as an effective factor for the alleviation of lead-induced oxidative damage in cells.
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Monro JA, Paturi G. Kiwifruit Skin and Flesh Contributions to Fecal Bulking and Bacterial Abundance in Rats. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 75:525-531. [PMID: 32761416 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-020-00839-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Changes in fecal bulk and bacterial abundance due to separately consumed skin and flesh of four kiwifruit cultivars was determined using a rat model designed to estimate the fecal bulking potential of human foods. Dry matter contribution by skin to 100 g of fresh kiwifruit was less than 5% in all cultivars, whereas flesh dry matter contributed up to 20% of fresh fruit weight. Dietary fiber was 35-49% of skin compared with 8-23% of flesh on a dry weight basis. The skin significantly increased whole fruit fecal bulking, but the total bulk per 100 g kiwifruit was less than 10% of daily fecal bulk recommended for optimal gut health. Kiwifruit (skin or flesh) substantially increased the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillus spp. within the gut. Fermentation and prebiosis therefore probably play a greater role than fermentation-resistant dietary fiber in gut health benefits of kiwifruit.
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Roch L, Prigent S, Klose H, Cakpo CB, Beauvoit B, Deborde C, Fouillen L, van Delft P, Jacob D, Usadel B, Dai Z, Génard M, Vercambre G, Colombié S, Moing A, Gibon Y. Biomass composition explains fruit relative growth rate and discriminates climacteric from non-climacteric species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5823-5836. [PMID: 32592486 PMCID: PMC7540837 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Fleshy fruits are very varied, whether in terms of their composition, physiology, or rate and duration of growth. To understand the mechanisms that link metabolism to phenotypes, which would help the targeting of breeding strategies, we compared eight fleshy fruit species during development and ripening. Three herbaceous (eggplant, pepper, and cucumber), three tree (apple, peach, and clementine) and two vine (kiwifruit and grape) species were selected for their diversity. Fruit fresh weight and biomass composition, including the major soluble and insoluble components, were determined throughout fruit development and ripening. Best-fitting models of fruit weight were used to estimate relative growth rate (RGR), which was significantly correlated with several biomass components, especially protein content (R=84), stearate (R=0.72), palmitate (R=0.72), and lignocerate (R=0.68). The strong link between biomass composition and RGR was further evidenced by generalized linear models that predicted RGR with R-values exceeding 0.9. Comparison of the fruit also showed that climacteric fruit (apple, peach, kiwifruit) contained more non-cellulosic cell-wall glucose and fucose, and more starch, than non-climacteric fruit. The rate of starch net accumulation was also higher in climacteric fruit. These results suggest that the way biomass is constructed has a major influence on performance, especially growth rate.
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Gong DS, Sharma K, Kang KW, Kim DW, Oak MH. Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation Effects of Actinidia arguta Extracts in Coronary Artery: Involvement of eNOS/Akt Pathway. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 20:5381-5384. [PMID: 32331108 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2020.17665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major cause of death globally. Bioavailability of nitric oxide, antioxidative activity, and regulation of ionic homeostasis are the key targets for prevention of CVD. Actinidia arguta (AA) has shown promising effect for anticancer, anti-hypercholesterolemia, and antioxidant agents. However, the vascular effect of AA remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the vascular relaxation of AA extract as well as the underlying mechanisms. Vascular reactivity was assessed in organ baths using porcine coronary arteries and antioxidant properties were assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Methanol extract of AA stem (AASE) induced significantly vasorelaxation of porcine coronary artery and its effects is endothelium-dependent without cytotoxicity effects. In addition, ASSE scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro and strongly inhibited NADPH-oxidase activity, which is major source of ROS in vasculature. AASE strongly and dose-dependently activate endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), the major vascular protective enzyme, and Akt, the upstream signaling protein of eNOS, in porcine coronary artery endothelial cell. Altogether, these results have demonstrated that AASE is a potent endotheliumdependent vasodilator and this effect was involved in, at least in part, Akt/eNOS/NO pathway with strong anti-oxidant properties. The present findings indicate that AA stem could be a valuable candidate of herbal medicine for cardiovascular diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.
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Caballero N, Benslaiman B, Ansell J, Serra J. The effect of green kiwifruit on gas transit and tolerance in healthy humans. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13874. [PMID: 32431019 PMCID: PMC7507131 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Green kiwifruit is a fiber-rich fruit that has been shown effective for treatment of constipation. However, fermentation of fibers by colonic bacteria may worsen commonly associated gas-related abdominal symptoms. AIM To determine the effect of green kiwifruit on transit and tolerance to intestinal gas in humans. METHODS In 11 healthy individuals, two gas challenge tests were performed (a) after 2 weeks on a low-flatulogenic diet and daily intake of 2 green kiwifruits and (b) after 2 weeks on a similar diet without intake of kiwifruits. The gas challenge test consisted in continuous infusion of a mixture of gases into the jejunum at 12 mL/min for 2 hours while measuring rectal gas evacuation, abdominal symptoms, and abdominal distension. During the 2 weeks prior to each gas challenge test (on-kiwifruit and off-kiwifruit), the number and consistency of stools, and abdominal symptoms were registered. KEY RESULTS Intake of kiwifruits was associated with more bowel movements per day (1.8 ± 0.1 vs 1.5 ± 0.1 off-kiwifruit; P = .001) and somewhat looser stools (Bristol score 3.3 ± 0.2 vs 2.8 ± 0.1 off-kiwifruit; P = .072) without relevant abdominal symptoms. Gas infusion produced similar gas evacuation (1238 ± 254 mL and 1172 ± 290 mL; P = .4355), perception of symptoms (score 1.2 ± 0.2 and 1.3 ± 0.3; P = .2367), and abdominal distension (17 ± 7 mm and 17 ± 6 mm; P = .4704) while on-kiwifruit or off-kiwifruit. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES In healthy subjects, green kiwifruit increases stool frequency without relevant effects on intestinal gas transit and tolerance. If confirmed in patients, these fruits may provide a natural and well-tolerated treatment alternative for constipation.
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Cakpo CB, Vercambre G, Baldazzi V, Roch L, Dai Z, Valsesia P, Memah MM, Colombié S, Moing A, Gibon Y, Génard M. Model-assisted comparison of sugar accumulation patterns in ten fleshy fruits highlights differences between herbaceous and woody species. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 126:455-470. [PMID: 32333754 PMCID: PMC7424760 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sugar concentration is a key determinant of fruit quality. Soluble sugars and starch concentrations in fruits vary greatly from one species to another. The aim of this study was to investigate similarities and differences in sugar accumulation strategies across ten contrasting fruit species using a modelling approach. METHODS We developed a coarse-grained model of primary metabolism based on the description of the main metabolic and hydraulic processes (synthesis of compounds other than sugar and starch, synthesis and hydrolysis of starch, and water dilution) involved in the accumulation of soluble sugars during fruit development. KEY RESULTS Statistical analyses based on metabolic rates separated the species into six groups according to the rate of synthesis of compounds other than sugar and starch. Herbaceous species (cucumber, tomato, eggplant, pepper and strawberry) were characterized by a higher synthesis rate than woody species (apple, nectarine, clementine, grape and kiwifruit). Inspection of the dynamics of the processes involved in sugar accumulation revealed that net sugar importation, metabolism and dilution processes were remarkably synchronous in most herbaceous plants, whereas in kiwifruit, apple and nectarine, processes related to starch metabolism were temporally separated from other processes. Strawberry, clementine and grape showed a distinct dynamic compared with all other species. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results provide fresh insights into species-specific regulatory strategies and into the role of starch metabolism in the accumulation of soluble sugars in fleshy fruits. In particular, inter-specific differences in development period shape the co-ordination of metabolic processes and affect priorities for carbon allocation across species. The six metabolic groups identified by our analysis do not show a clear separation into climacteric and non-climacteric species, possibly suggesting that the metabolic processes related to sugar concentration are not greatly affected by ethylene-associated events.
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Liu L, Zhou M, Chen Z, He J. [Unsaturated fatty acid of Actinidia chinesis planch seed oil (kiwi fruit essence) inhibits growth and metastasis of transplanted tumor in lung adenocarcinoma mice by up-regulating EHD2 expression]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 36:622-627. [PMID: 32727647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective To observe the role of Eps15 homology domain containing protein 2 (EHD2) in the inhibitive effects of unsaturated fatty acid of Actinidia chinesis planch seed oil (kiwi fruit essence) on the growth and metastasis of transplanted tumor in lung adenocarcinoma mice. Methods 32 C57BL/6J mice bearing Lewis lung adenocarcinoma cells were randomly divided into the control group, 60, 120 and 240 mg/kg kiwi fruit essence treatment groups. Each group included 8 animals. From the fourth day after innoculation, the mice in the control group were intragastrically treated with normal saline, and the mice were intragastrically treated with 60, 120 or 240 mg/kg kiwi fruit essence in the corresponding kiwi fruit essence treatment groups. After measuring the volume of transplanted tumors, all mice were sacrificed on day 24, and their pulmonary tissues were then removed to observe tumor metastasis. The transplanted tumors were exfoliated and weighed to calculate the metastasis inhibition rate and tumor inhibition rate. The protein expression level of EHD2 in the transplanted tumors was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The mRNA expression level of EHD2 in the transplanted tumors was measured using real-time quantitative PCR. Results Compared with the control group, the growth, volume, quality and number of lung metastasis nodules of the subcutaneous transplanted tumors significantly decreased, and tumor inhibition rates and metastasis inhibition rates increased in 60, 120, 240 mg/kg kiwi fruit essence treatment groups. The protein and mRNA level of EHD2 in the subcutaneous transplanted tumors went up. Compared with the 60 mg/kg kiwi fruit essence treatment group, the above indicators were significantly improved in 120 and 240 mg/kg kiwi fruit essence treatment groups in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Kiwi fruit essence can up-regulate EHD2 expression, thereby inhibiting the growth and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma transplantation tumor in mice.
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Fang T, Zhao Z, Yuan F, He M, Sun J, Guo M, Huang P, Yang B, Xia J. Actinidia Chinensis Planch Root extract attenuates proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting the DLX2/TARBP2/JNK/AKT pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 251:112529. [PMID: 31891797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Many studies have confirmed that traditional Chinese herbs exert potential anti-tumor effects. Actinidia Chinensis Planch root has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for thousands of years. However, the mechanism of anti-tumor effects of Actinidia Chinensis Planch root has not been clearly clarified. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the molecular biological mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of Actinidia Chinensis Planch root extract (acRoots) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS In our previous study, we used mRNA chip analyses to identify genes regulated by acRoots. Further analyses of altered genes led to the identification of a key regulator of genes that responds to acRoots. We explored the effects of acRoots on the proliferation and invasion of HCC cells via cell counting as well as transwell assays, and further explored the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of acRoots on HCC cells using qRT-PCR, western blot, and Chip-PCR. RESULTS Increasing the concentration of acRoots as well as prolonging its action time enhanced the inhibitory activity of acRoots as well as its cytotoxicity against HCC cells. High TARBP2 expression in HCC cells, which is associated with advanced-stage HCC and poor prognoses in HCC patients, was downregulated by treatment with acRoots. Furthermore, acRoots inhibited proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by downregulating TARBP2 expression. HCC cells with higher TARBP2 expression were more sensitive to acRoots. The expression of TARBP2 and DLX2 in HCC patients and HCC cell lines was significantly positively correlated, and DLX2 as a transcription factor may promote TARBP2 expression, thereby further activating the JNK/AKT signaling pathway leading to the inhibition of HCC. CONCLUSIONS acRoots inhibited the malignant behavior of HCC cells by inhibiting TARBP2 expression, which is affected by the transcription factor DLX2, leading to a reduction in JNK/AKT signaling pathway activation.
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Russo I, Del Giorno C, Giangrieco I, Hajji N, Ciardiello MA, Iovino P, Ciacci C. A Peptide from Kiwifruit Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Celiac Disease Mucosa. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 38:433-440. [PMID: 30794064 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1541426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Celiac disease is an immune-mediated disease of the intestine triggered by gluten. Gluten elicits, in genetically susceptible individuals, cytokine responses that are then transmitted to the immunocompetent cells. Vegetables and fruit have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties with a protective effect on intestinal epithelium. Kiwifruit is known to have beneficial effects on the intestinal tissues, and it is the only plant food containing the peptide kissper, with anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the kissper effect on the gluten-induced inflammation in celiac disease. Methods: We used an in vitro model of intestinal culture explant from celiac disease patients and non-celiac disease patients, cultured for 24 hours with the toxic gliadin peptide P31-43 and kissper preincubation. Results: Our data showed HLA-DR and TG2 reduction in the celiac disease mucosa pretreated with kissper, as well as a reduction of COX-2 in two patients. No differences we observed for the TGF-b1 and IL-15 levels in supernatants upon kissper pretreatment. Conclusions: The preliminary results suggest that kissper has a potential anti-inflammatory role in celiac disease.
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D'Eliseo D, Pannucci E, Bernini R, Campo M, Romani A, Santi L, Velotti F. In vitro studies on anti-inflammatory activities of kiwifruit peel extract in human THP-1 monocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 233:41-46. [PMID: 30599220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kiwifruit is native to eastern China and many are the references about the consumption of fruits and fruits extracts of the Actinidia plants in Chinese traditional medicine as therapeutic food supplements to prevent and/or counteract numerous disorders including inflammation-related diseases like cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY Aim of the present work was to obtain a kiwifruit peel extract, rich in polyphenols, and to explore the anti-inflammatory potential by analyzing its capability to target multiple pathways involved in monocyte-mediated inflammatory response. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extract was obtained from the fruit peel of Actinidia deliciosa (A.Chev.) C.F.Liang & A.R.Ferguson, cv Hayward and characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 monocytes were used as a model of human inflammation in vitro. RESULTS Analytical data evidenced that procyanidins resulted the main polyphenols present in the extract, representing the 92% w/w of the total. The extract inhibited the production of inflammatory molecules such as IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α pro-inflammatory cytokines, HMGB1 danger signal and granzyme B serine protease by activated monocytes. In particular, an inhibitory activity of 81%, 68%, 63%, 76% and 60% on the extracellular release of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, HMGB1 and granzyme B, respectively, was observed by western blot analysis. Moreover, the extract prevented STAT3 activation and promoted autophagy. CONCLUSIONS The reported findings demonstrated a strong and broad anti-inflammatory profile of the kiwifruit peel extract, which makes it a promising preventive and therapeutic natural ingredient for nutraceutical, cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations to counteract multiple inflammatory disorders.
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Fang T, Fang Y, Xu X, He M, Zhao Z, Huang P, Yuan F, Guo M, Yang B, Xia J. Actinidia chinensis Planch root extract attenuates proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:474-485. [PMID: 30415058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Numerous studies have demonstrated the potent anticancer activity of various Chinese herbs. Actinidia chinensis Planch root (acRoots), a traditional Chinese medicine, functions as an antitumor and detoxifying agent and plays a role in diuresis and hemostasis. Treatment with acRoots confers strong inhibition of tumor growth in various forms of cancer. Here, we evaluated the anticancer activity and molecular mechanisms of Actinidia chinensis Planch root extract (acRoots) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Our previous study used mRNA chip analyses to identify the genes regulated by acRoots. Further analyses of the altered genes identified a key regulator of genes in response to acRoots. Here, the effects of acRoots on HCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were evaluated by cell counting, Transwell and apoptosis assays. In addition, the in vivo anti-HCC effects of acRoots were investigated using an HCC animal model. The expression of a key regulator of genes in response to acRoots was analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. RESULTS Treatment with acRoots (10 mg/mL) had no cytotoxicity in L02 cells and had a positive effect on L02 cell viability; however, it significantly inhibited HCC cell proliferation. Treatment with acRoots downregulated DLX2 gene expression in HCC cells, and high DLX2 expression was associated with advanced stage and poor prognosis in patients with HCC. Treatment with acRoots inhibited proliferation, invasion and migration, clonality, and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and promoted the apoptosis of HCC cells by downregulating DLX2 expression. HCC cells with higher DLX2 expression were more sensitive to acRoots. CONCLUSIONS acRoots inhibited the malignant biological behavior of HCC cells via regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by DLX2.
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Montoya CA, Cabrera DL, Zou M, Boland MJ, Moughan PJ. The Rate at Which Digested Protein Enters the Small Intestine Modulates the Rate of Amino Acid Digestibility throughout the Small Intestine of Growing Pigs. J Nutr 2018; 148:1743-1750. [PMID: 30383281 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Actinidin, a cysteine protease in kiwifruit (KF), increases both the gastric digestion and gastric-emptying rate of beef muscle protein. Objective This study aimed to determine the relation between the rate of digested nitrogen entering the small intestine (SI; a function of the extent of gastric digestion and gastric-emptying rate) and the disappearance of amino acids (AAs) in different parts of the SI at set times postfeeding. Methods Male 9-wk-old pigs (n = 90; mean ± SD body weight: 28 ± 2.9 kg) were fed a diet containing 14% beef for 3 d. The beef-based diet was supplemented with green KF pulp (containing actinidin), gold KF pulp supplemented with actinidin, or gold KF pulp alone (no actinidin). The KF or actinidin amounts corresponded to the intake of 2 KFs/human meal. On day 3, pigs were killed at 0.5, 1, 3, 5, and 7 h postprandially. Stomach chyme was analyzed to determine the rate of digested nitrogen entering the SI. Apparent AA digestibility at set times was determined in the proximal, medial, and distal SI. Polynomial and correlation analyses were conducted. Results The rate of digested nitrogen entering the SI was higher (P < 0.001) with actinidin (e.g., >44% at 5 h postprandially). Actinidin also increased the apparent AA digestibility at the proximal and medial SI (P ≤ 0.05) at set times (e.g., 42% and 15% greater for arginine, respectively), but not in general for the distal SI (P > 0.05). At the proximal SI, apparent AA digestibility was correlated more strongly with the digested nitrogen entering the SI (r = 0.73, P < 0.001; n = 57) than with gastric emptying (r = 0.64, P < 0.001) or gastric protein digestion (r = 0.57, P < 0.001). Similar trends were observed for the medial SI. Conclusion The rate of digested nitrogen entering the SI is an accurate predictor of the rate of AA digestibility and the location of AA absorption in the pig SI.
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Kim HK, Bae MJ, Lim S, Lee W, Kim S. A Water-Soluble Extract from Actinidia arguta Ameliorates Psoriasis-Like Skin Inflammation in Mice by Inhibition of Neutrophil Infiltration. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101399. [PMID: 30279326 PMCID: PMC6213123 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with complex etiology involving multiple factors. Current treatment methods are highly limited and there is a strong need for the development of safer and efficacious agents. We have previously shown that a water-soluble extract derived from hardy kiwifruit Actinidia arguta, called PG102, shows potent anti-inflammatory effects. Based on its reported biological activities, the effects of PG102 were examined on imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation. Our results showed that topical application of PG102 ameliorates clinical symptoms of psoriasis, reducing skin thickness and Interleukin (IL)-17A level in draining lymph nodes without causing any adverse effects. Treatment with PG102 on cytokine-stimulated HaCaT cells suppressed hyperproliferation and downregulated the expression of various chemokines and antimicrobial peptides known to induce neutrophil infiltration. These anti-inflammatory activities of PG102 were mediated via inhibition of NF-κB and signal transducer of activation (STAT) signaling. We also found decreased neutrophil chemotaxis both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, PG102 has potential as a safe and effective reagent for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Wilson R, Willis J, Gearry RB, Hughes A, Lawley B, Skidmore P, Frampton C, Fleming E, Anderson A, Jones L, Tannock GW, Carr AC. SunGold Kiwifruit Supplementation of Individuals with Prediabetes Alters Gut Microbiota and Improves Vitamin C Status, Anthropometric and Clinical Markers. Nutrients 2018; 10:E895. [PMID: 30002355 PMCID: PMC6073280 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Kiwifruit are a nutrient dense food and an excellent source of vitamin C. Supplementation of the diet with kiwifruit enhances plasma vitamin C status and epidemiological studies have shown an association between vitamin C status and reduced insulin resistance and improved blood glucose control. In vitro experiments suggest that eating kiwifruit might induce changes to microbiota composition and function; however, human studies to confirm these findings are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of consuming two SunGold kiwifruit per day over 12 weeks on vitamin C status, clinical and anthropometric measures and faecal microbiota composition in people with prediabetes. This pilot intervention trial compared baseline measurements with those following the intervention. Participants completed a physical activity questionnaire and a three-day estimated food diary at baseline and on completion of the trial. Venous blood samples were collected at each study visit (baseline, 6, 12 weeks) for determination of glycaemic indices, plasma vitamin C concentrations, hormones, lipid profiles and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Participants provided a faecal sample at each study visit. DNA was extracted from the faecal samples and a region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was amplified and sequenced to determine faecal microbiota composition. When week 12 measures were compared to baseline, results showed a significant increase in plasma vitamin C (14 µmol/L, p < 0.001). There was a significant reduction in both diastolic (4 mmHg, p = 0.029) and systolic (6 mmHg, p = 0.003) blood pressure and a significant reduction in waist circumference (3.1 cm, p = 0.001) and waist-to-hip ratio (0.01, p = 0.032). Results also showed a decrease in HbA1c (1 mmol/mol, p = 0.005) and an increase in fasting glucose (0.1 mmol/L, p = 0.046), however, these changes were small and were not clinically significant. Analysis of faecal microbiota composition showed an increase in the relative abundance of as yet uncultivated and therefore uncharacterised members of the bacterial family Coriobacteriaceae. Novel bacteriological investigations of Coriobacteriaceae are required to explain their functional relationship to kiwifruit polysaccharides and polyphenols.
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Heo KH, Sun X, Shim DW, Kim MK, Koppula S, Yu SH, Kim HB, Kim TJ, Kang TB, Lee KH. Actinidia arguta extract attenuates inflammasome activation: Potential involvement in NLRP3 ubiquitination. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 213:159-165. [PMID: 29174375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Actinidia arguta (A. arguta) has been widely used in Asian countries as a traditional medicinal herb to treat inflammation-related diseases, such as gastritis, bronchitis, and arthritis. AIM OF THE STUDY The inhibitory effect of A. arguta leaves' extract (AA) on inflammasome activation was investigated to verify its traditional use in treating inflammation-related diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) primed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were activated by selective inflammasome stimulators, and the effect of AA on inflammasome activation was investigated. A monosodium urate crystal (MSU)-induced peritonitis mouse model was used to study the in vivo efficacy of AA on inflammasome activation. RESULTS In the in vitro study, AA regulated NLRP3 ubiquitination and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) oligomerization, leading to the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated interleukin (IL)-1β secretion. The inhibitory effect of AA on inflammasome activation in vitro was further confirmed in vivo using an MSU-induced peritonitis mouse model. CONCLUSION AA provided scientific evidence, substantiating the traditional claims for its use in the treatment of inflammation and inflammation-mediated metabolic disorders, including gout.
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