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Khazaal Y. Mania After Venlafaxine Withdrawal in a Patient with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Ann Pharmacother 2016; 41:359-60. [PMID: 17284507 DOI: 10.1345/aph.1h504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Hahn M, Roll SC. A patient with acute mania after discontinuation of lithium. MEDIZINISCHE MONATSSCHRIFT FUR PHARMAZEUTEN 2016; 39:385-387. [PMID: 29956513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The abrupt discontinuation of lithium in patients with bipolar disease puts the patient at a high risk for a relapse. Lithium is a drug with a narrow therapeutic index. Intoxications might occur during the treatment. The individual risk-benefit-ratio should be discussed with the patient before starting lithium. Atypical antipsychotics are an alternative to lithium in the treatment of bipolar disease. Several guidelines recommend the use of atypical antipsychotics in a long acting (depot) formulation in bipolar patients (off label use). The long acting (depot) formulations offer the benefit that during a hypomanic or a beginning manic episode, the drug can not easily be discontinued. During the phase of early signs of a beginning manic episode the patients tend not to see the need to take any medication (lack of insight into illness) which leads to non-adherence that puts the patient at a high risk for a manic episode. If lithium is prescribed, special counselling is needed, especially about fluid intake and potential drug interactions (NSAIDS, ACE-inhibitors, diuretics).
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Plate A. [Not Available]. PRAXIS 2016; 105:1103-1104. [PMID: 27606919 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a002469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Melamud B, Keller S, Mahamid M, Paz K, Goldin E. Clarithromycin-Induced Mania after Triple Therapy for the Eradication of Helicobacter pylori. THE ISRAEL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL : IMAJ 2016; 18:499-500. [PMID: 28471587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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Baker R, Gill N, Parker G. First episode mania following cessation of varenicline (Champix). Australas Psychiatry 2016; 24:292-4. [PMID: 26819404 DOI: 10.1177/1039856215626642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe a case of first episode mania and in which varenicline (Champix) or its withdrawal appears to have been the precipitating factor. METHODS The clinical presentation and progress are detailed and the relevant literature in relation to varenicline is provided. RESULTS The case report adds to the literature indicating that varenicline may induce a range of mood states, albeit with reported incidents of mania being rare. CONCLUSIONS In reviewing causes of mood states, including mania, seeking information on any exposure to varenicline would appear to be relevant.
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Walrave TRWM, Mohammad S, Ploeger RR. [Mania induced by antibiotic therapy]. TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR PSYCHIATRIE 2016; 58:603-606. [PMID: 27527887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report two cases of adults who developed mania after taking the antibiotic clarithromycin. Clarithromycin is a frequently used antibiotic, but it can lead to a rare but significant psychiatric complication in the form of a manic episode. Mania is commonly associated with bipolar disorder, but the causes can be pharmacological, metabolic or neurologic, particularly when it occurs in patients who themselves or whose families have no past history of psychiatric illness. New-onset mania calls for detailed clinical and laboratory testing and neuro-imaging so that somatic causes can be ruled out. It is important that the currently used medication is included in the differential diagnosis of mania. The first step in treatment is to discontinue the antibiotic therapy. The pharmacological treatment for mania caused by antibiotic therapy is largely the same as for mania in bipolar disorder; this means starting with anti-manic and anti-psychotic medication and providing a structured and calming environment. Most cases of pharmacologically induced mania are resolved if the aetiology is determined and treated. Mania that has pharmacological causes generally does not require prophylactic mood-stabilising treatment. Nevertheless, a psychiatric follow-up is advisable. If these steps are taken, the prognosis is favourable.
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Patel R, Reiss P, Shetty H, Broadbent M, Stewart R, McGuire P, Taylor M. Do antidepressants increase the risk of mania and bipolar disorder in people with depression? A retrospective electronic case register cohort study. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e008341. [PMID: 26667012 PMCID: PMC4679886 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between antidepressant therapy and the later onset of mania/bipolar disorder. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study using an anonymised electronic health record case register. SETTING South London and Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Trust (SLaM), a large provider of inpatient and community mental healthcare in the UK. PARTICIPANTS 21,012 adults presenting to SLaM between 1 April 2006 and 31 March 2013 with unipolar depression. EXPOSURE Prior antidepressant therapy recorded in electronic health records. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Time to subsequent diagnosis of mania or bipolar disorder from date of diagnosis of unipolar depression, censored at 31 March 2014. METHODS Multivariable Cox regression analysis with age and gender as covariates. RESULTS The overall incidence rate of mania/bipolar disorder was 10.9 per 1000 person-years. The peak incidence of mania/bipolar disorder incidence was seen in patients aged between 26 and 35 years (12.3 per 1000 person-years). Prior antidepressant treatment was associated with an increased incidence of mania/bipolar disorder ranging from 13.1 to 19.1 per 1000 person-years. Multivariable analysis indicated a significant association with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.52) and venlafaxine (1.35, 1.07 to 1.70). CONCLUSIONS In people with unipolar depression, antidepressant treatment is associated with an increased risk of subsequent mania/bipolar disorder. These findings highlight the importance of considering risk factors for mania when treating people with depression.
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de Souza GC, Gomes JADS, de Góis Queiroz AI, de Araújo MM, Cavalcante LM, Machado MDJS, Monte AS, de Lucena DF, Quevedo J, Carvalho AF, Macêdo D. Preclinical Evidences for an Antimanic Effect of Carvedilol. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:692541. [PMID: 26075103 PMCID: PMC4446493 DOI: 10.1155/2015/692541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative imbalance, alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and mitochondrial dysfunction are implicated in bipolar disorder (BD) pathophysiology and comorbidities, for example, cardiovascular conditions. Carvedilol (CVD), a nonselective beta-blocker widely used for the treatment of hypertension, presents antioxidant and mitochondrial stabilizing properties. Thus, we hypothesized that CVD would prevent and/or reverse mania-like behavioral and neurochemical alterations induced by lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX). To do this, male Wistar rats were submitted to two different protocols, namely, prevention and reversal. In the prevention treatment the rats received daily oral administration (mg/kg) of CVD (2.5, 5 or 7.5), saline, valproate (VAL200), or the combination of CVD5 + VAL100 for 7 days. From the 8th to 14th day LDX was added. In the reversal protocol LDX was administered for 7 days with the drugs being added from the 8th to 14th day of treatment. Two hours after the last administration the behavioral (open field and social interaction) and neurochemical (reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation, and BDNF) determinations were performed. The results showed that CVD prevented and reversed the behavioral and neurochemical alterations induced by LDX. The administration of CVD5 + VAL100 potentiated the effect of VAL200 alone. Taken together these results demonstrate a possible antimanic effect of CVD in this preclinical model.
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Sluys ML, Remmers A, Beerthuis RJ. [Hypomania following the use of varenicline in two patients with bipolar disorder]. TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR PSYCHIATRIE 2015; 57:835-838. [PMID: 26552931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Varenicline is a drug that has been developed to help people stop smoking . Results regarding its efficacy are promising. The safety of the drug, however, is controversial when used for patients with mental illnesses because it can have neuropsychiatric side-effects. Although Dutch guidelines and the 'Farmacotherapeutisch Kompas' include warnings about the use of varenicline by people with severe mental illness, the drug is still being prescribed for this group of patients. This is not without risk. We illustrate this point by focusing on two patients with bipolar disorder who developed manic symptoms while using varenicline. We discuss relevant literature and make recommendations.
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Cruzado L, Sánchez-Fernández M, Cortez-Vergara C, Rojas-Rojas G. Mania induced by high content caffeinated energy drinks. ACTAS ESPANOLAS DE PSIQUIATRIA 2014; 42:259-262. [PMID: 25179098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Pereira M, Andreatini R, Schwarting RKW, Brenes JC. Amphetamine-induced appetitive 50-kHz calls in rats: a marker of affect in mania? Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:2567-77. [PMID: 24414610 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3413-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Animal models aimed to mimic mania have in common the lack of genuine affective parameters. Although rodent amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion is a frequently used behavioral model of mania, locomotor activity is a rather unspecific target for developing new pharmacological therapies, and does not necessarily constitute a cardinal symptom in bipolar disorder (BD). Hence, alternative behavioral markers sensitive to stimulants are required. OBJECTIVES Since D-amphetamine induces appetitive 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) in rats, we asked whether established or potential antimanic drugs would inhibit this effect, thereby possibly complementing traditional analysis of locomotor activity. METHODS Amphetamine-treated rats (2.5 mg/kg) were systemically administered with the antimanic drugs lithium (100 mg/kg) and tamoxifen (1 mg/kg). Since protein kinase C (PKC) activity has been implicated in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder and the biochemical effects of mood stabilizers, the new PKC inhibitor myricitrin (10, 30 mg/kg) was also evaluated. RESULTS We demonstrate for the first time that drugs with known or potential antimanic activity were effective in reversing amphetamine-induced appetitive 50-kHz calls. Treatments particularly normalized amphetamine-induced increases of frequency-modulated calls, a subtype presumably indicative of positive affect in the rat. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that amphetamine-induced 50-kHz calls might constitute a marker for communicating affect that provides a useful model of exaggerated euphoric mood and pressured speech. The antimanic-like effects of the PKC inhibitors tamoxifen and myricitrin support the predictive and etiological validity of both drugs in this model and highlight the role of PKC signaling as a promising target to treat mania and psychosis-related disorders.
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Wang YC, Wang EN, Wang CC, Huang CL, Huang ACW. Dissociating effects of spatial learning from locomotor activity for ouabain-induced bipolar disorder-like rats. Psychiatry Res 2014; 216:432-7. [PMID: 24656518 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Whether ouabain, a Na+ - and K+-activated adenosine triphosphatase inhibitor, mimics cognitive impairments that can be dissociated from motor effects in the bipolar disorder-like animal model remains unclear. Ouabain and the vehicle aCSF were microinjected into the left lateral ventricle immediately, after 4h, and after 24h. The results showed that (a) locomotion responses of the Immediate group were significantly decreased compared to those of the aCSF group, particularly the first five minutes. (b) The ouabain-treated rats have longer latency and total distance traveled in the water maze task; however, the velocity was not affected for the ouabain group. (c) The analysis of covariance showed that the latency time (but not the total distance traveled and velocity) of the ouabain group was more impaired than that of the aCSF group, regardless of omitting total distance traveled and cross movement in the open field test. The latency might be more sensitive than the distance traveled and the velocity for assessing spatial learning. Dissociating the spatial learning from the movement may allow testing drug treatments of cognitive deficits independent of locomotor effects associated with bipolar disorder.
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Model CS, Gomes LM, Scaini G, Ferreira GK, Gonçalves CL, Rezin GT, Steckert AV, Valvassori SS, Varela RB, Quevedo J, Streck EL. Omega-3 fatty acids alter behavioral and oxidative stress parameters in animals subjected to fenproporex administration. Metab Brain Dis 2014; 29:185-92. [PMID: 24385143 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-013-9473-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Studies have consistently reported the participation of oxidative stress in bipolar disorder (BD). Evidences indicate that omega-3 (ω3) fatty acids play several important roles in brain development and functioning. Moreover, preclinical and clinical evidence suggests roles for ω3 fatty acids in BD. Considering these evidences, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of ω3 fatty acids on locomotor behavior and oxidative stress parameters (TBARS and protein carbonyl content) in brain of rats subjected to an animal model of mania induced by fenproporex. The fenproporex treatment increased locomotor behavior in saline-treated rats under reversion and prevention model, and ω3 fatty acids prevented fenproporex-related hyperactivity. Moreover, fenproporex increased protein carbonyls in the prefrontal cortex and cerebral cortex, and the administration of ω3 fatty acids reversed this effect. Lipid peroxidation products also are increased in prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus and cerebral after fenproporex administration, but ω3 fatty acids reversed this damage only in the hippocampus. On the other hand, in the prevention model, fenproporex increased carbonyl content only in the cerebral cortex, and administration of ω3 fatty acids prevented this damage. Additionally, the administration of fenproporex resulted in a marked increased of TBARS in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum and cerebral cortex, and prevent this damage in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum. In conclusion, we are able to demonstrate that fenproporex-induced hyperlocomotion and damage through oxidative stress were prevented by ω3 fatty acids. Thus, the ω3 fatty acids may be important adjuvant therapy of bipolar disorder.
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64
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Meriç C, Pirdoğan E, Günday Toker Ö, Tekin A, Bakım B, Çelik S. [Mania with psychotic feature induced by the use of pramipexole in Parkinson's disease: a case report]. TURK PSIKIYATRI DERGISI = TURKISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2014; 25:212-214. [PMID: 25219695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by movement abnormalities, is frequently complicated by psychiatric syndromes. Psychiatric symptoms may be the direct result of PD, its co-morbid pathologies, or occur as a side effect of its pharmacotherapy. Pramipexole, like other dopamine agonists for treating Parkinson's disease , has a tendency to induce psychotic and manic symptoms due to central dopaminergic stimulation. In this article, mania with psychotic feature induced by the use of dopamine agonists which is not observed frequently in the literature will be discussed.
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65
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Cam B, Gülseren S. [Mania associated with quetiapine treatment]. TURK PSIKIYATRI DERGISI = TURKISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2014; 25:65-68. [PMID: 24590852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Presently, the use of atypical antipsychotics is getting increasingly widespread. There are several mania/hypomania cases that have been associated with atypical antipsychotic treatment that also display antimanic, antidepressive and anxiolytic effects in addition to their antipsychotic effects. In this study, a case of schizophrenia in which manic symptoms developed after increasing the dosage of quetiapine to 300 mg/day, and subsequently disappeared after cessation of treatment is presented. Although the blockage of 5HT2 receptors and the disinhibition of frontal dopamine secretion seemed to be the reasons for the development of the mania/hypomania related to atypical antipsychotics, the mechanism is not clear. During the use of atypical antipsychotics, clinicians should be cautious to patients' mood fluctuations.
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66
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Macêdo DS, de Lucena DF, Queiroz AIG, Cordeiro RC, Araújo MM, Sousa FC, Vasconcelos SM, Hyphantis TN, Quevedo J, McIntyre RS, Carvalho AF. Effects of lithium on oxidative stress and behavioral alterations induced by lisdexamfetamine dimesylate: relevance as an animal model of mania. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 43:230-7. [PMID: 23333378 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) is a prodrug that requires conversion to d-amphetamine (d-AMPH) for bioactivity. Treatment with d-AMPH induces hyperlocomotion and is regarded as a putative animal model of bipolar mania. Therefore, we sought to determine the behavioral and oxidative stress alterations induced by sub-chronic LDX administration as well as their reversal and prevention by lithium in rats. A significant increment in locomotor behavior was induced by LDX (10 and 30 mg/kg). To determine Li effects against LDX-induced alterations, in the reversal protocol rats received LDX (10 or 30 mg/kg) or saline for 14 days. Between days 8 and 14 animals received Li (47.5 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline. In the prevention paradigm, rats were pretreated with Li or saline prior to LDX administration. Glutathione (GSH) levels and lipid peroxidation was determined in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HC) and striatum (ST) of rats. Lithium prevented LDX-induced hyperlocomotion at the doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg, but only reversed LDX-induced hyperlocomotion at dose of 10mg/kg. In addition, both doses of LDX decreased GSH content (in ST and PFC), while Li was able to reverse and prevent these alterations mainly in the PFC. LDX (10 and 30 mg/kg) increased lipid peroxidation which was reversed and prevented by Li. In conclusion, LDX-induced hyperlocomotion along with associated increments in oxidative stress show promise as an alternative animal model of mania.
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Brett AS, Voss T, Ridley EP. Neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with topical imiquimod therapy: report of 2 cases. JAMA Dermatol 2013; 149:500-1. [PMID: 23715381 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.1321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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68
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Bahali K, Uneri OS, Ipek H. Atomoxetine-induced mania-like symptoms in an adolescent patient. ACTAS ESPANOLAS DE PSIQUIATRIA 2013; 41:137-138. [PMID: 23592075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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69
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Sprouse A, Curtis L, Bartlik B. Organic solvent-induced bipolar disorder: a case report. Adv Mind Body Med 2013; 27:19-23. [PMID: 23784607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have reported neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms, including a significantly increased risk of depression and suicide, from exposure to low to moderate levels of organic solvents. However, few studies have reported a link between organic solvent exposure and bipolar disorder. The authors present a case of a 43-y-old man who developed new-onset bipolar disorder following exposure to organic solvents in a textile printing plant. The man had elevated blood levels of several common solvents. His symptoms abated following avoidance of solvent exposures at his workplace and after nutritional and sauna detoxification treatments that one of the authors formulated to clear xenobiotics. Following avoidance and detoxification, the patient's blood concentrations of organic solvents fell to undetectable levels and his manic symptoms disappeared, with no significant recurrences over the past 13 y, as evaluated by the authors and his other physicians.
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Karakurt MN, Karabekiroğllu MZK, Yüce M, Baykal S, Şenses A. [Neuropsychological profiles of adolescents with bipolar disorder and adolescents with a high risk of bipolar disorder]. TURK PSIKIYATRI DERGISI = TURKISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2013; 24:221-230. [PMID: 24310088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In recent years evidence of an association between bipolar disorder (BD), and specific neuropsychological impairment and familial transmission of BD has been mounting. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical and neuropsychological features of BD in adolescents, to assess the clinical and neuropsychological parameters in adolescents with a high risk of familial transmission of BD, and to identify probable early markers of the disorder. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 25 patients aged 12-18 years that were diagnosed as BD (case group), 25 adolescents without a mood disorder that had a parent and/or sibling diagnosed as BD, (risk group), and 25 typically developing adolescents (control group). To determine neuropsychological profiles the participants were administered the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop Color Word Test (SCWT), and Continuous Performance Test (CPT), and to evaluate clinical and behavioral profiles the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Parent-Young Mania Rating Scale (P-YMRS), Youth Self-Report (YSR), and Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-48) were administered. RESULTS The case group performed significantly lower on the WCST, SCWT, and CPT in terms of executive and attention functions, whereas there wasn't a difference between the risk group and control group. In addition, significantly more of the adolescents in the case and risk groups had clinical and behavioral problems than those in the control group. CONCLUSION The findings show that behavioral and clinical problems were more common in the risk group than in the control group, and that the frequency of attention and executive function impairment was similar in both of those groups. The findings suggest that BD itself may be associated with attention and executive function impairments, whereas a familial risk of BD may be associated with some behavioral problems. Follow-up and neuroimaging studies conducted with a larger number of participants, and neuropsychological test profiles may provide more detailed information about the neuropsychological profiles of individuals with a genetic risk for BD and may provide descriptive data about where and how the biological and psychometric deterioration initiate.
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71
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Lu DY, Lu TR, Zhu PP. Genetics in neural toxicities of drugs. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2012; 12:250-253. [PMID: 22846044 DOI: 10.2174/187152412803760591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Adverse side effects or toxicities of a drug were previously regarded as a manifestation of drug's own characterizations, such as the chemical structure and property of a drug. More recently, increasing experimental or clinical data and modern ideas suggest that human's genetic factors also play indispensable roles in resulting neural side effects of a drug, especially in antidepressant-induced suicide and antibiotics-induced hearing loss. However, there are many questions and technological obstacles (including high costs and limited samples) in these kinds of researches and this makes genetic study of drug toxicities in its initial stage. In this review, we in depth address and analysis of this matter from some new perspectives and propose some new initiatives to improve this type of researches in future. It is also highly needed to expedite the translation of these pharmacogenetic concepts from bench to bedside.
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72
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Zhang C, Agius M, Zaman R. Case report of a patient with bipolar disorder - migraines and epilepsy. PSYCHIATRIA DANUBINA 2012; 24 Suppl 1:S109-S111. [PMID: 22945200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder; migraines and epilepsy are three prevalent conditions, of which little is understood about their pathophysiological processes. Co-morbidities often present between two of these conditions, but it is uncommon for all three to co-exist in a patient. Here, we present a middle-aged gentleman, seen in the outpatient department of a district general hospital in England, who suffers from severe effects of all three disorders, with no other medical history. Clinical difficulties have arisen in the diagnosis and treatment of his bipolar disorder. Management of his depressive episodes with simple selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and mood stabilisers were either ineffective, or precipitated complicating adverse effects. Persistent use of citalopram is likely to have triggered bipolar disorder, whilst quetiapine induced seizures. The clinical problems presented question the possibility that bipolar disorder; migraines and epilepsy may fall on the same spectrum of disorders. This could contribute towards the complexities in treating his conditions. Further insight into their link and interactions would facilitate diagnoses of these conditions, as well as improve treatment strategies when they are presented co-morbidly.
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73
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Kaneko K. [Drug-induced abnormal behaviors]. NIHON RINSHO. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE 2012; 70 Suppl 6:601-606. [PMID: 23156581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Ellis LD, Soanes KH. A larval zebrafish model of bipolar disorder as a screening platform for neuro-therapeutics. Behav Brain Res 2012; 233:450-7. [PMID: 22677277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Modelling neurological diseases has proven extraordinarily difficult due to the phenotypic complexity of each disorder. The zebrafish has become a useful model system with which to study abnormal neurological and behavioural activity and holds promise as a model of human disease. While most of the disease modelling using zebrafish has made use of adults, larvae hold tremendous promise for the high-throughput screening of potential therapeutics. The further development of larval disease models will strengthen their ability to contribute to the drug screening process. Here we have used zebrafish larvae to model the symptoms of bipolar disorder by treating larvae with sub-convulsive concentrations of the GABA antagonist pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). A number of therapeutics that act on different targets, in addition to those that have been used to treat bipolar disorder, were tested against this model to assess its predictive value. Carbamazepine, valproic acid, baclofen and honokiol, were found to oppose various aspects of the PTZ-induced changes in activity. Lidocaine and haloperidol exacerbated the PTZ-induced activity changes and sulpiride had no effect. By comparing the degree of phenotypic rescue with the mechanism of action of each therapeutic we have shown that the low-concentration PTZ model can produce a number of intermediate phenotypes that model symptoms of bipolar disorder, may be useful in modelling other disease states, and will help predict the efficacy of novel therapeutics.
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