51
|
Yin H, Wang L, Hur SJ, Liu Y, Cong P, Liu H, Jiang X, Zheng H, Xue C. Cell-Cultured Fish Meat via Scale-Up Expansion of Carassius auratus Skeletal Muscle Cells Using Edible Porous Microcarriers and Quality Evaluation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:16475-16483. [PMID: 38987705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Emerging technologies for cell-cultured fish meat as an environmentally friendly protein source for humans still have many obstacles, including large-scale production of high-quality cells, differentiation and bioassembly of cellular material, and improvement of the quality of meat products. Here, we used edible porous microcarriers as scaffolds to support scalable skeletal muscle cell expansion to prepare centimeter-scale cell-cultured fish (CCM) of Carassius auratus for the first time. The quality of CCM was assessed by analyzing the texture, nutrition, flavor, and safety. The results indicated that CCM demonstrated a softer texture than natural fish due to a high moisture content. CCM contained higher protein and lower fat contents, with no significant difference in energy from natural golden crucian carp meat (NGM). CCM had better digestible properties, and 17 volatile components were identified in CCM, ten cocontained compared to NGM. ELISA quantified penicillin, streptomycin, vitamin D, and insulin residues as risk factors in CCM. In conclusion, we utilized edible porous microcarriers to scale-up the expansion of Carassius auratus skeletal muscle cells and bioassembled high-quality CCM of Carassius auratus for the first time, which represents a state-of-the-art protocol applicable to different fish species and even to other economic animals and provides a theoretical basis for scaling up cell-cultured meat production.
Collapse
|
52
|
Chaves Lima TB, Silveira RMF, do Rêgo JPA, de Alencar Araripe Noronha Moura A, Lobo CH, McManus C, Batista NJM, Pimentel PG, das Neves MRM, Landim AV. Gene expression in the Longissimus dorsi muscle related to meat quality from tropical hair lambs. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:213. [PMID: 39002032 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03999-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
The present study describes the expression of genes in the Longissimus dorsi muscle related to meat quality of hair lambs finished in an Integration Crop-Livestock system. Twenty-eight non-castrated lambs of two breeds, Somalis Brasileira and Santa Inês, at 120 ± 15 days of age, with an average initial live weight of 18 ± 3.1 kg, were kept in a pasture-based finishing system with supplementation. Upon reaching 28 kg body weight, animals were sent for slaughter. Samples of the Longissimus dorsi and Biceps femoris muscle were harvested for analyses of gene expression and physicochemical properties. Significant differences were detected between the breeds for tissue and chemical composition, whereas the physical aspects did not differ. We observed the expression of six genes related to lipid synthesis (acetyl-CoA carboxylase [ACACA], fatty acid synthase [FAS], stearoyl-CoA desaturase [SCD], lipoprotein lipase [LPL], cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector A [CIDEA], and thyroid hormone responsive [THRSP]) and six genes related to molecular synthesis (myostatin [MSTN], growth differentiation factor 8 [GDF8], insulin-like growth factor 1 [IGF1], insulin-like growth factor 2 [IGF2], delta-like 1 homolog [DLK1], and growth hormone receptor [GHr]) in both breeds. The Santa Inês breed and the Somalis Brasileira showed similar expression patterns of genes related to lipogenesis and myogenesis of the Longissimus dorsi muscle, with the exception of the THRSP gene, in which the Somalis Brasileira have more receptors for the action of thyroid hormones, which resulted in greater thickness of fat in the carcass (subcutaneous fat) and higher lipid content in the chemical composition of the meat.
Collapse
|
53
|
Baldassini WA, Rodrigues RC, Magistri MS, Machado Neto OR, Torres RNS, Chardulo LAL. Exploring the Longissimus Muscle: Unraveling its Correlation with Meat Quality in Bos indicus and Crossbred Bulls. J Vis Exp 2024. [PMID: 39072622 DOI: 10.3791/66764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated muscle tissue in Bos indicus and crossbred bulls to explain differences in meat quality traits. Carcass traits, meat quality parameters, and biochemical and molecular investigations of myofibrillar proteins are described. Methods for evaluating pH, intramuscular fat (IMF), meat color (L*, a*, b*), water losses, tenderness, and molecular biology assays have been outlined. Specific procedures detailing calibration, sample preparation, and data analysis for each method are described. These include techniques such as infrared spectroscopy for IMF content, objective tenderness assessment, and electrophoretic separation of MyHC isoforms. Color parameters were highlighted as potential tools for predicting beef tenderness, a crucial quality trait influencing consumer decisions. The study employed the Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) method, revealing values of 4.68 and 4.23 kg for Nellore and Angus-Nellore (P < 0.01), respectively. Total cooking losses and biochemical analyses, including myofibril fragmentation index (MFI), provided insights into tenderness variations. Muscle fiber types, particularly myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms, were investigated, with a notable absence of MyHC-IIb isoform in the studied Zebu animals. The relationship between MyHC-I and meat tenderness revealed divergent findings in the literature, highlighting the complexity of this association. Overall, the study provides comprehensive insights into the factors influencing meat quality in Bos indicus and crossbred (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) bulls, offering valuable information for the beef industry.
Collapse
|
54
|
Kim BM, Park SU, Schmelzer L, Yang SB, Lee SD, Kim MY, Naue J, Lee HY. DNA methylation-based organ tissue identification: Marker identification, SNaPshot multiplex assay development, and interlaboratory comparison. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2024; 71:103052. [PMID: 38678764 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2024.103052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Identifying body fluids and organ tissues is highly significant as they can offer crucial evidence in criminal investigations and aid the court in making informed decisions, primarily through evaluating the biological source and possibly at the activity level up to death or fatal damage. In this study, organ tissue-specific CpG markers were identified from Illumina's methylation EPIC array data of nine organ tissues, including epidermis, dermis, heart, skeletal muscle, blood, kidney, brain, lung, and liver, from autopsies of 10 Koreans. Through the validation test using 43 samples, 18 hypomethylation markers, with two markers for each organ tissue type, were selected to construct a SNaPshot assay. Two multiplex assays involving forward and reverse SBE primers were designed to help investigators accurately determine the organ origin of the analyzed tissue samples through repeated analysis of the same PCR products for markers. The developed multiplex demonstrated high accuracy, achieving 100.0 % correct detection of the presence of nine organ tissue types in 88 samples from autopsies of 10 Asians. However, two lung samples showed additional positive indications of the presence of blood. An interlaboratory comparison using 80 autopsy samples (heart, skeletal muscle, blood, kidney cortex, kidney medulla, brain, lung, and liver) from 10 individuals in Germany revealed overall comparable results with correct detection of the presence of eight organ tissue types in 92.5 % samples (74 of 80 samples). In the case of six samples, it was impossible to determine the correct tissue successfully due to drop-outs of unmethylation signals at target tissue marker loci. One of these lung samples revealed only non-intended off-target signals for blood. The observed differences might be due to differences in sample collection during routine autopsy, technical differences due to the PCR cycler, and the threshold used for signal calling. Indicating the presence of additional tissue type and off-target unmethylation signals seems alleviated by applying more stringent hypomethylation thresholds. Therefore, the developed SNaPshot multiplex assays will be valuable for forensic investigators dealing with organ tissue identification, as well as for prosecutors and defense aiming to establish the circumstances that occurred at the crime scene.
Collapse
|
55
|
Kokoszyński D, Żochowska-Kujawska J, Kotowicz M, Wegner M, Arpášová H, Włodarczyk K, Saleh M, Cebulska A. Carcass characteristics, physicochemical traits, texture and microstructure of young and spent quails meat. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103763. [PMID: 38697005 PMCID: PMC11078689 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to compare young (6-wk-old) and spent (52-wk-old) Japanese quail in terms of body weight, carcass characteristics, and some meat quality traits. Whole carcasses were dissected, pectoral muscles and leg muscles were sampled for determination of basic chemical composition and L*a*b* color parameters, while m. pectoralis major was sampled for texture and microstructure traits. Age of quails had a significant effect on body weight, carcass weight, carcass yield, pectoral muscle, abdominal fat and skin with subcutaneous fat, and carcass remainders contents in eviscerated carcass. Spent quails had significantly higher intramuscular fat content in pectoral and leg muscles and protein content in breast muscle, and also lower content of water in breast and leg muscles than young quails. Slaughter age significantly affected lightness (L*) and redness (a*) of pectoral muscles, as well as texture traits (except for cohesiveness) and microstructure of m. pectoralis major, except for thickness of perimysium and endomysium. Regardless of age, quail sex had an effect on the carcass traits studied (except for leg muscle content), intramuscular fat content of pectoral and leg muscles, water content of leg muscles and yellowness of pectoral muscle. In addition, a significant effect of quail sex was found on cutting work, springiness, chewiness and marked microstructural characteristics, except for vertical fiber diameter. The interaction between age and sex was significant for most slaughter and microstructural characteristics and also WB-shear force of m. pectoralis major, and L*, b* pectoral muscles. Higher fatness of carcasses, higher intramuscular fat in meat, and poorer textural and microstructural characteristics of m. pectoralis major spent Japanese quail indicate poorer fulfillment of most consumers' requirements compared to carcasses and meat of young quails.
Collapse
|
56
|
Li F, Lu Y, He Z, Yu D, Zhou J, Cao H, Zhang X, Ji H, Lv K, Yu M. Analysis of carcass traits, meat quality, amino acid and fatty acid profiles between different duck lines. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103791. [PMID: 38678975 PMCID: PMC11067342 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of genetic selection on meat quality in ducks, twenty of each fast growth ducks (LCA) and slow growth ducks (LCC) selected from F6 generation of Cherry Valley ducks (♂) x Liancheng white ducks (♀) were analyzed for carcass characteristics, meat quality (physicochemical and textural characteristics), amino acid and fatty acid profiles at 7 wk. Results showed that live body weight, slaughter weight, eviscerated yield and abdominal fat percentage of LCA were significantly higher than those in LCC ducks (P < 0.01). Moreover, the average area and diameter of myofiber were larger in LCA than LCC ducks (P < 0.01). The breast and thigh muscles of LCA exhibited significantly lower water holding capacity and thermal loss compared with LCC ducks (P < 0.01). In addition, the content of nonessential amino acids (Glu, Asp, and Arg) in breast muscles and Asp, Ser, Thr, and Met in thigh muscles was higher in LCC than LCA ducks (P < 0.05). The proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in breast muscles of LCC was higher than LCA ducks (P < 0.05). However, the content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in breast and thigh muscles of LCA was higher compared with LCC ducks (P < 0.05). The proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in thigh muscles was significantly higher in LCC compared with LCA ducks (P < 0.01). Finally, multiple traits were evaluated by applying principal component analysis (PCA) and the results indicated that PUFA and SFA in breast muscles of LCA played important roles in meat quality, followed by Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and MUFA. However, water holding capacity (WHC) had a dominant effect in meat quality of thigh muscles in both LCA and LCC ducks.
Collapse
|
57
|
Dunshea FR, Pluske JR, Ponnampalam EN. Dietary iron or inulin supplementation alters iron status, growth performance, intramuscular fat and meat quality in finisher pigs. Meat Sci 2024; 213:109496. [PMID: 38537508 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Forty LW × L pigs (20 boars and 20 gilts) (51.1 ± 0.41 kg) were allocated to a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design with the respective factors being supplemental organic iron (Fe, 0 and 500 mg/kg), inulin (In, 0 and 50 g/kg) and sex (boars and gilts). After 5 weeks the animals were transported to an abattoir before slaughter and collection of samples. Serum iron was increased by supplemental Fe (28.4 v. 30.9 μmol/L, P = 0.05), although there was an interaction (P = 0.03) such that pigs fed diets with In had lower serum Fe concentrations than those without In (26.8 v. 32.3 μmol/L). Boars had lower (P < 0.01) haemoglobin (116 vs 125), haematocrit (36.7 v. 39.7%) and erythrocyte (6.6 v. 7.1 × 106/mL) concentrations than gilts. Dietary In increased liveweight gain (795 v. 869 g/d, P < 0.02) and carcass weight (62.9 v. 65.2 kg, P < 0.02). Dietary Fe or In supplementation did not improve muscle Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) total Fe concentration (P > 0.05). Muscle non-heme Fe concentration was higher in Fe-supplemented pigs (P < 0.04) and gilts (P < 0.05) than their counterparts. Muscle heme Fe concentration was greater (3.04 vs 2.51, P < 0.05) in boars than in gilts. The LTL marbling score was greater (P < 0.01) for In-supplemented pigs, and the response was more notable when Fe and In were fed together. These data show that dietary supplementation of Fe increased serum Fe and muscle non-heme Fe concentrations. Supplementation of In at 5% in the diet of finisher pigs improved liveweight gain and the marbling score of pork.
Collapse
|
58
|
McCauley SR, Clark SD, Leach SB, Quest BW, Streeter RM. Evaluation of taurine and carnitine concentrations in whole blood, plasma, skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle in dogs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:999-1015. [PMID: 38432690 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about how plasma and whole blood taurine and plasma carnitine correlate to concentrations in skeletal and cardiac muscle and the effects of diet in dogs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation among plasma, skeletal and cardiac muscle carnitine and taurine and whole blood taurine and determine the effect of diet. The study protocol was approved by the Pet Food Solutions Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Thirty-three mixed-breed hounds and 32 beagles were evaluated at Day 0 then removed from their baseline diet and randomized to a test diet: high animal protein, grain-inclusive (HA-GI), low animal protein, grain-free (LA-GF), low animal protein, grain-inclusive (LA-GI), or high animal protein, grain-free (HA-GF). Blood was drawn every 30 days and endomyocardial (mixed breeds only) and skeletal muscle biopsies were collected at Days 0 and 180. The correlations between plasma and whole blood taurine, or plasma carnitine and skeletal and cardiac muscle concentrations were weak (p < 0.01-0.05). Mixed-breed hounds had increased (p = 0.029) whole blood taurine compared to beagles. Plasma taurine was lower with diet HA-GF, (p = 0.009) however, all diets had increased taurine from Day 0 and were, on average within the laboratory reference range. Dogs fed the HA-GI diet had increased cardiac muscle carnitine esters (p = 0.014). Increased carnitine esters were also appreciated in cardiac muscle in all diets from Day 0 to 180 (p = 0.0001). On Day 180 mixed-breed hounds had increased skeletal total carnitine (p < 0.001) compared to all time points and breeds. This study observed no correlation between plasma, whole blood, skeletal and cardiac muscle taurine concentrations but noted some effects between time, breed and diet.
Collapse
|
59
|
Xu S, Guo X, Fu C, Wang J, Meng X, Hui T, Peng Z. Effect of ultrasound-assisted L-lysine treatment on pork meat quality and myofibrillar protein properties during postmortem aging. J Food Sci 2024; 89:4162-4177. [PMID: 38795377 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
This paper aimed to investigate the effects of ultrasound-assisted L-lysine treatment on meat quality and myofibrillar proteins (MPs) properties of pork longissimus dorsi during postmortem aging. The results revealed that the L-lysine (Lys) and/or ultrasound treatment significantly increased (p < 0.05) the water-holding capacity and tenderness of the pork during postmortem aging, while the ultrasound-assisted Lys treatment had the lowest cooking loss, pressurization loss, Warner-Bratzler shear force, and hardness. In addition, L-lysine and/or ultrasound treatment increased (p < 0.05) pH value, T21, and myofibrillar fragmentation index, while the ultrasound-assisted Lys treatment had the highest value. Meanwhile, the protein solubility was increased with Lys and/or ultrasound treatment during postmortem aging, and ultrasound-assisted Lys treatment had the highest solubility, reaching 88.19%, 92.98%, and 91.73% at 0, 1, and 3 days, respectively. The result of protein conformational characteristics showed that Lys and/or ultrasound treatment caused the unfolding of the α-helix structure, resulting in the exposure of more hydrophobic amino acids and buried sulfhydryl groups, ultimately enhancing MPs solubility. In summary, ultrasound-assisted Lys treatment altered the structure of MPs, resulting in the enhancement of the water-holding capacity and tenderness of the pork. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study showed that ultrasound-assisted L-lysine (Lys) treatment could enhance the water-holding capacity and tenderness of pork during postmortem aging. The results might provide a reference for the application of ultrasound-assisted Lys treatment on the improvement of pork meat quality. To facilitate practical applications in production, the development of medium and large-sized ultrasound equipment for conducting small-scale and pilot experiments is crucial for future research.
Collapse
|
60
|
García Salas A, Bárcena-Gama JR, Ventura J, Muñoz-García C, Escobar-España JC, Crosby MM, Hernandez D. Bioaccessibility of condensed tannins and their effect on the physico-chemical characteristics of lamb meat. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17572. [PMID: 38952978 PMCID: PMC11216205 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The bioaccessibility of tannins as antioxidants in meat is essential to maximise their effectiveness in protecting the product. This property determines the amount of tannins available to interact with meat components, inhibiting lipid and protein oxidation and, consequently, prolonging shelf life and preserving the sensory quality of the product. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bioaccessibility of condensed tannins (CT) from Acacia mearnsii extract (AME) and their effect on the physico-chemical characteristics of fattened lamb meat. Thirty-six Dorset × Hampshire lambs (3 months old and 20.8 ± 3.3 kg live weight) were used. The lambs were distributed equally (n = 9) into four treatments: T1, T2, T3 and T4, which included a basal diet plus 0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75% of CT from AME, respectively. At the end of the fattening period, bioaccessibility was evaluated, the animals were slaughtered and a sample of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle was collected to assess colour, lipid oxidation, cooking weight loss and shear force on days 1, 4, 7 and 14 of shelf-life, in samples preserved at -20 °C. In addition, the long chain fatty acid profile was analysed. A completely randomised design was used, and the means were compared with Tukey's test (P < 0.05). The mean lightness (L*), yellowness (b*) and hue (H*) values were higher for T3 and T4. The addition of CT did not affect (P > 0.05) redness (a*), cooking weight loss (CWL) or shear force (SF). T4 decreased (P < 0.05) stearic acid and increased cis-9 trans-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Bioaccessibility was higher in the supplemented groups (T1 < T2, T3 and T4). In conclusion, supplementing CT from AME in the diet of lambs did not reduce lipid oxidation, but T3 or T4 improved some aspects of meat colour and CLA deposition.
Collapse
|
61
|
Geissenberger J, Amendt J, Klampfer J, Thuemmel L, Jakob L, Monticelli FC, Steinbacher P, Pittner S. Morphological changes and protein degradation during the decomposition process of pig cadavers placed outdoors or in tents-a pilot study. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2024; 20:508-517. [PMID: 37126198 PMCID: PMC11297119 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-023-00632-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The delimitation of the postmortem interval (PMI) is of utmost importance in forensic science. It is especially difficult to determine the PMI in advanced decomposition stages and/or when dead bodies are found under uncommon circumstances, such as tents, or other (semi-) enclosed environments. In such cases, especially when insect access is restricted, morphological assessment of body decomposition is one of the remaining approaches for delimitation of the PMI. However, as this method allows only vague statements/indications about the PMI, it is required to develop new and more reliable methods. One of the most important candidates is the biochemical analysis of protein degradation. In this regard, it has been demonstrated that specific skeletal muscle protein degradation patterns characterize certain time points postmortem and thus can be used as markers for PMI estimation. In order to test this method in different micro-environments, a pilot study using ten pig carcasses was conducted in summer in Northern Germany. The cadavers were openly placed outside (freely accessible for insects), as well as enclosed in tents nearby, and left to decompose to investigate decomposition processes over a time course of 10 days. Muscle samples of the M. biceps femoris were collected on a regular basis and processed via SDS-PAGE and degradation patterns of selected proteins identified by Western blotting. In addition, morphological changes of the cadavers during decomposition were assessed using the total body score (TBS). Results showed that postmortem protein degradation patterns are largely consistent between treatment groups (open field versus tents) despite major morphological differences in the decomposition rate. This field study provides evidence that muscle protein degradation is mostly unaffected by different levels of exposure, making it a sufficient candidate for PMI delimitation under various circumstances.
Collapse
|
62
|
Veloso Trópia N, Reis Vilela RS, de Sales Silva FA, Andrade DR, Costa AC, Cidrini FAA, de Souza Pinheiro J, Pucetti P, Chizzotti ML, Filho SDCV. Regression models from portable NIR spectra for predicting the carcass traits and meat quality of beef cattle. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303946. [PMID: 38820309 PMCID: PMC11142432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to predict carcass and meat traits, as well as the chemical composition of the 9th to 11th rib sections of beef cattle from portable NIR spectra. The 9th to 11th rib section was obtained from 60 Nellore bulls and cull cows. NIR spectra were acquired at: P1 -center of Longissimus muscle; and P2 -subcutaneous fat cap. The models accurately estimated (P ≥ 0.083) all carcass and meat quality traits, except those for predicting red (a*) and yellow (b*) intensity from P1, and 12th-rib fat from P2. However, precision was highly variable among the models; those for the prediction of carcass pHu, 12th rib fat, toughness from P1, and those for 12th rib fat, a* and b* from P2 presented high precision (R2 ≥ 0.65 or CCC ≥ 0.63), whereas all other models evaluated presented moderate to low precision (R2 ≤ 0.39). Models built from P1 and P2 accurately estimated (P ≥ 0.066) the chemical composition of the meat plus fat, bones and, meat plus fat plus bones, except those for predicting the ether extract (EE) and crude protein (CP) of bones and the EE of Meat plus bones fraction from P2. However, precision was highly variable among the models (-0.08 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.86) of the 9th and 11th rib section. Those models for the prediction of dry matter (DM) and EE of the bones from P1; of EE from P1; and of EE, mineral matter (MM), CP from P2 of meat plus fat plus bones presented high precision (R2 ≥ 0.76 or CCC ≥ 0.62), whereas all other models evaluated presented moderate to low precision (R2 ≤ 0.45). Thus, models built from portable NIR spectra acquired at different points of the 9th to 11th rib section were recommended for predicting carcass and muscle quality traits as well as for predicting the chemical composition of this section of beef cattle. However, it is noteworthy, that the small sample size was one of the limitations of this study.
Collapse
|
63
|
Wei C, Niu Y, Chen B, Wang Y, Cai H, Han R, Tian Y, Liu X, Guo W, Kang X, Li Z. Divergent Regulatory Roles of Transcriptional Variants of the Chicken LDB3 Gene in Muscle Shaping. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12240-12250. [PMID: 38764183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
LIM domain binding 3 (LDB3) serves as a striated muscle-specific Z-band alternatively spliced protein that plays an important role in mammalian skeletal muscle development, but its regulatory role and molecular mechanism in avian muscle development are still unclear. In this study, we reanalyzed RNA sequencing data sets of 1415 samples from 21 chicken tissues published in the NCBI GEO database. First, three variants (LDB3-X, LDB3-XN1, and LDB3-XN2) generated by alternative splicing of the LDB3 gene were identified in chicken skeletal muscle, among which LDB3-XN1 and LDB3-XN2 are novel variants. LDB3-X and LDB3-XN1 are derived from exon skipping in chicken skeletal muscle at the E18-D7 stage and share three LIM domains, but LDB3-XN2 lacks a LIM domain. Our results preliminarily suggest that the formation of three variants of LDB3 is regulated by RBM20. The three splice isomers have divergent functions in skeletal muscle according to in vitro and in vivo assays. Finally, we identified the mechanism by which different variants play different roles through interactions with IGF2BP1 and MYHC, which promote the proliferation and differentiation of chicken myoblasts, in turn regulating chicken myogenesis. In conclusion, this study revealed the divergent roles of three LDB3 variants in chicken myogenesis and muscle remodeling and demonstrated their regulatory mechanism through protein-protein interactions.
Collapse
|
64
|
Johnson LG, Zhai C, Brown K, Prenni JE, N Nair M, Huff-Lonergan E, Lonergan SM. Secondary Lipid Oxidation Products as Modulators of Calpain-2 Functionality In Vitro. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12229-12239. [PMID: 38743679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The objective was to understand the impacts of secondary lipid oxidation products on calpain-2 activity and autolysis and, subsequently, to determine the quantity and localization of modification sites. 2-Hexenal and 4-hydroxynonenal incubation significantly decreased calpain-2 activity and slowed the progression of autolysis, while malondialdehyde had minimal impact on calpain-2 activity and autolysis. Specific modification sites were determined with LC-MS/MS, including distinct malondialdehyde modification sites on the calpain-2 catalytic and regulatory subunits. 2-Hexenal modification sites were observed on the calpain-2 catalytic subunit. Intact protein mass analysis with MALDI-MS revealed that a significant number of modifications on the calpain-2 catalytic and regulatory subunits are likely to exist. These observations confirm that specific lipid oxidation products modify calpain-2 and may affect the calpain-2 functionality. The results of these novel experiments have implications for healthy tissue metabolism, skeletal muscle growth, and post-mortem meat tenderness development.
Collapse
|
65
|
Cap V, Rocha dos Santos VR, Repnin K, Červený D, Laistler E, Meyerspeer M, Frass-Kriegl R. Combining Dipole and Loop Coil Elements for 7 T Magnetic Resonance Studies of the Human Calf Muscle. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3309. [PMID: 38894105 PMCID: PMC11174775 DOI: 10.3390/s24113309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Combining proton and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy offers a unique opportunity to study the oxidative and glycolytic components of metabolism in working muscle. This paper presents a 7 T proton calf coil design that combines dipole and loop elements to achieve the high performance necessary for detecting metabolites with low abundance and restricted visibility, specifically lactate, while including the option of adding a phosphorus array. We investigated the transmit, receive, and parallel imaging performance of three transceiver dipoles with six pair-wise overlap-decoupled standard or twisted pair receive-only coils. With a higher SNR and more efficient transmission decoupling, standard loops outperformed twisted pair coils. The dipoles with standard loops provided a four-fold-higher image SNR than a multinuclear reference coil comprising two proton channels and 32% more than a commercially available 28-channel proton knee coil. The setup enabled up to three-fold acceleration in the right-left direction, with acceptable g-factors and no visible aliasing artefacts. Spectroscopic phantom measurements revealed a higher spectral SNR for lactate with the developed setup than with either reference coil and fewer restrictions in voxel placement due to improved transmit homogeneity. This paper presents a new use case for dipoles and highlights their advantages for the integration in multinuclear calf coils.
Collapse
|
66
|
Zou B, Wang H, Duan M, Sun Y, Liu Y, Li X, Dai R. Identifying the Potential Apoptotic Metabolites in Postmortem Beef Muscle by Targeted Metabolomics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11111-11123. [PMID: 38710026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Apoptotic cells may release specific metabolites to act as messengers during the apoptotic process. This study represents the first attempt to identify potential apoptotic metabolites in postmortem muscle. Ninety potential apoptotic metabolites in beef were selected and analyzed through targeted metabolomics, with 84 of them exhibiting significant differences over the postmortem time. Following the addition of the mitochondria-targeted antiapoptotic agent mitoquinone to postmortem muscle, metabolomic analysis revealed that 73 apoptotic metabolites still underwent significant changes, even against the backdrop of altered apoptosis. Of these 73 apoptotic metabolites, 54 exhibited similar trends at various treatment times with adding mitoquinone, including lipids (6), amino acids (27), nucleosides (11), and carbohydrate and energy metabolism (10). Mitoquinone significantly reduced the levels of most apoptotic metabolites, and inhibition of apoptosis resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of numerous apoptotic metabolites. Consequently, these apoptotic metabolites are considered complementary to apoptosis in postmortem muscle, with their increased levels potentially promoting apoptosis. Noteworthy apoptotic metabolites, such as glycerol 3-phosphate, serine, AMP, ATP, GMP, and creatine, were identified as active signaling molecules that attract and recruit phagocytes during apoptosis, assisting in recognizing apoptotic cells by phagocytes. This study provides, for the first time, insights into potential apoptotic metabolites in postmortem muscle, contributing to a better understanding of meat biochemistry.
Collapse
|
67
|
Elingaard-Larsen LO, Whytock KL, Divoux A, Hopf M, Kershaw EE, Justice JN, Goodpaster BH, Lane NE, Sparks LM. Isolation of Nuclei from Human Intermuscular Adipose Tissue and Downstream Single-Nuclei RNA Sequencing. J Vis Exp 2024. [PMID: 38767365 DOI: 10.3791/66784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is a relatively understudied adipose depot located between muscle fibers. IMAT content increases with age and BMI and is associated with metabolic and muscle degenerative diseases; however, an understanding of the biological properties of IMAT and its interplay with the surrounding muscle fibers is severely lacking. In recent years, single-cell and nuclei RNA sequencing have provided us with cell type-specific atlases of several human tissues. However, the cellular composition of human IMAT remains largely unexplored due to the inherent challenges of its accessibility from biopsy collection in humans. In addition to the limited amount of tissue collected, the processing of human IMAT is complicated due to its proximity to skeletal muscle tissue and fascia. The lipid-laden nature of the adipocytes makes it incompatible with single-cell isolation. Hence, single nuclei RNA sequencing is optimal for obtaining high-dimensional transcriptomics at single-cell resolution and provides the potential to uncover the biology of this depot, including the exact cellular composition of IMAT. Here, we present a detailed protocol for nuclei isolation and library preparation of frozen human IMAT for single nuclei RNA sequencing. This protocol allows for the profiling of thousands of nuclei using a droplet-based approach, thus providing the capacity to detect rare and low-abundant cell types.
Collapse
|
68
|
Hou J, Ji X, Chu X, Shi Z, Wang B, Sun K, Wei H, Song Z, Wen F. Comprehensive lipidomic analysis revealed the effects of fermented Morus alba L. intake on lipid profile in backfat and muscle tissue of Yuxi black pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:764-777. [PMID: 38305489 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Mulberry leaf is a widely used protein feed and is often used as a strategy to reduce feed costs and improve meat quality in the livestock industry. However, to date, there is a lack of research on the improvement of meat quality using mulberry leaves, and the exact mechanisms are not yet known. The results showed that fermented mulberry leaves significantly reduced backfat content but had no significant effect on intramuscular fat (IMF). Lipidomic analysis showed that 98 and 303 differential lipid molecules (p < 0.05) were identified in adipose and muscle tissues, respectively, including triglycerides (TG), phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingolipids, and especially TG; therefore, we analysed the acyl carbon atom number of TG. The statistical results of acyl with different carbon atom numbers of TG in adipose tissue showed that the acyl group containing 13 carbon atoms (C13) in TG was significantly upregulated, whereas C15, C16, C17, and C23 were significantly downregulated, whereas in muscle tissue, the C12, C19, C23, C25, and C26 in TG were significantly downregulated. Acyl changes in TG were different for different numbers of carbon atoms in different tissues. We found that the correlations of C (14-18) in adipose tissue were higher, but in muscle tissue, the correlations of C (18-26) were higher. Through pathway enrichment analysis, we identified six and four metabolic pathways with the highest contributions of differential lipid metabolites in adipose and muscle tissues respectively. These findings suggest that fermented mulberry leaves improve meat quality mainly by inhibiting TG deposition by downregulating medium- and short-chain fatty acids in backfat tissue and long-chain fatty acids in muscle tissue.
Collapse
|
69
|
Chen X, Mao Y, Liang R, Zhu L, Yang X, Hopkins DL, Zhang Y. LC-MS-based metabolomics reveals metabolite dynamic changes of beef after superchilling early post-mortem. Food Res Int 2024; 183:114208. [PMID: 38760138 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
To explore the underlying mechanisms by which superchilling (SC, -3 °C within 5 h of slaughter) improves beef tenderness, an untargeted metabolomics strategy was employed. M. Longissimus lumborum (LL) muscles from twelve beef carcasses were assigned to either SC or very fast chilling (VFC, 0 °C within 5 h of slaughter) treatments, with conventional chilling (CC, 0 ∼ 4 °C until 24 h post-mortem) serving as the control (6 per group). Biochemical properties and metabolites were investigated during the early post-mortem period. The results showed that the degradation of μ-calpain and caspase 3 occurred earlier in SC treated sample, which might be attributed to the accelerated accumulation of free Ca2+. The metabolomic profiles of samples from the SC and CC treatments were clearly distinguished based on partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) at each time point. It is noteworthy that more IMP and 4-hydroxyproline were found in the comparison between SC and CC treatments. According to the results of metabolic pathways analysis and the correlation analysis between traits related to tenderness and metabolites with significant differences (SC vs. CC), it can be suggested that the tenderization effect of the SC treatment may be related to the alteration of arginine and proline metabolism, and purine metabolism in the early post-mortem phase.
Collapse
|
70
|
Alix JJP, Plesia M, Dudgeon AP, Kendall CA, Hewamadduma C, Hadjivassiliou M, Gorman GS, Taylor RW, McDermott CJ, Shaw PJ, Mead RJ, Day JC. Conformational fingerprinting with Raman spectroscopy reveals protein structure as a translational biomarker of muscle pathology. Analyst 2024; 149:2738-2746. [PMID: 38533726 PMCID: PMC11056770 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00320a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Neuromuscular disorders are a group of conditions that can result in weakness of skeletal muscles. Examples include fatal diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and conditions associated with high morbidity such as myopathies (muscle diseases). Many of these disorders are known to have abnormal protein folding and protein aggregates. Thus, easy to apply methods for the detection of such changes may prove useful diagnostic biomarkers. Raman spectroscopy has shown early promise in the detection of muscle pathology in neuromuscular disorders and is well suited to characterising the conformational profiles relating to protein secondary structure. In this work, we assess if Raman spectroscopy can detect differences in protein structure in muscle in the setting of neuromuscular disease. We utilise in vivo Raman spectroscopy measurements from preclinical models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the myopathy Duchenne muscular dystrophy, together with ex vivo measurements of human muscle samples from individuals with and without myopathy. Using quantitative conformation profiling and matrix factorisation we demonstrate that quantitative 'conformational fingerprinting' can be used to identify changes in protein folding in muscle. Notably, myopathic conditions in both preclinical models and human samples manifested a significant reduction in α-helix structures, with concomitant increases in β-sheet and, to a lesser extent, nonregular configurations. Spectral patterns derived through non-negative matrix factorisation were able to identify myopathy with a high accuracy (79% in mouse, 78% in human tissue). This work demonstrates the potential of conformational fingerprinting as an interpretable biomarker for neuromuscular disorders.
Collapse
|
71
|
Imae R, Manya H, Tsumoto H, Umezawa K, Miura Y, Endo T. Changes in the amount of nucleotide sugars in aged mouse tissues. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae032. [PMID: 38598324 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging affects tissue glycan profiles, which may alter cellular functions and increase the risk of age-related diseases. Glycans are biosynthesized by glycosyltransferases using the corresponding nucleotide sugar, and the availability of nucleotide sugars affects glycosylation efficiency. However, the effects of aging on nucleotide sugar profiles and contents are yet to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of aging on nucleotide sugars using a new LC-MS/MS method. Specifically, the new method was used to determine the nucleotide sugar contents of various tissues (brain, liver, heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, lung, and colon) of male C57BL/6NCr mice (7- or 26-month-old). Characteristic age-associated nucleotide sugar changes were observed in each tissue sample. Particularly, there was a significant decrease in UDP-glucuronic acid content in the kidney of aged mice and a decrease in the contents of several nucleotide sugars, including UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, in the brain of aged mice. Additionally, there were variations in nucleotide sugar profiles among the tissues examined regardless of the age. The kidneys had the highest concentration of UDP-glucuronic acid among the seven tissues. In contrast, the skeletal muscle had the lowest concentration of total nucleotide sugars among the tissues; however, CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid and CDP-ribitol were relatively enriched. Conclusively, these findings may contribute to the understanding of the roles of glycans in tissue aging.
Collapse
|
72
|
Dai Z, Feng M, Feng C, Zhu H, Chen Z, Guo B, Yan L. Effects of sex on meat quality traits, amino acid and fatty acid compositions, and plasma metabolome profiles in White King squabs. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103524. [PMID: 38377688 PMCID: PMC10891333 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of sex on meat quality and the composition of amino and fatty acids in the breast muscles of White King pigeon squabs. Untargeted metabolomics was also conducted to distinguish the metabolic composition of plasma in different sexes. Compared with male squabs, female squabs had greater intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition and lower myofiber diameter and hydroxyproline content, leading to a lower shear force. Female squabs also had higher monounsaturated fatty acid and lower n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid proportions in the breast muscle, and had greater lipogenesis capacity via upregulation of PPARγ, FAS and LPL gene expression. Moreover, female squabs had lower inosine 5'-monophosphate, essential, free and sweet-tasting amino acid contents. Furthermore, Spearman's correlations between the differential plasma metabolites and key meat parameters were assessed, and putrescine, N-acetylglutamic acid, phophatidylcholine (18:0/P-16:0) and trimethylamine N-oxide were found to contribute to meat quality. In summary, the breast meat of male squabs may have better nutritional value than that of females, but it may inferior in terms of sensory properties, which can be attributed to the lower IMF content and higher shear force value. Our findings enhance our understanding of sex variation in squab meat quality, providing a basis for future research on pigeon breeding.
Collapse
|
73
|
Denzer ML, Piao D, Pfeiffer M, Mafi G, Ramanathan R. Novel needle-probe single-fiber reflectance spectroscopy to quantify sub-surface myoglobin forms in beef psoas major steaks during retail display. Meat Sci 2024; 210:109439. [PMID: 38295670 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Meat discoloration starts at the interface between the bright red oxymyoglobin layer and the interior deoxymyoglobin layer. Currently, limited tools are available to characterize myoglobin forms formed within the sub-surface of meat. The objective was to demonstrate a needle-probe based single-fiber reflectance (SfR) spectroscopy approach for characterizing sub-surface myoglobin forms of beef psoas major muscles during retail storage. A 400-μm fiber was placed in a 17-gauge needle, and the assembly was inserted into the muscle at five depths of 1 mm increment and 1 cm lateral shift. Metmyoglobin content increased at all depths during display and content at 1 mm was greater compared to that of 2 to 5 mm depth. The a* values decreased (P < 0.05) during retail display aligning with the sub-surface formation of metmyoglobin. In summary, the results suggest that needle-probe SfR spectroscopy can determine interior myoglobin forms and characterize meat discoloration.
Collapse
|
74
|
Ribette T, Charretier Y, Laurent S, Syntin P, Chautard E, Meniche X, Darnaud M, Bequet F, Beloeil L, Piras-Douce F, Abi-Ghanem J. Development of Mass Spectrometry Imaging on skeletal muscle to characterize the local pro-inflammatory and pro-resolution lipid responses in a vaccination context. J Proteomics 2024; 296:105105. [PMID: 38325731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Vaccine reactogenicity is well documented at the clinical level but the mechanism involved at the local or systemic level are still poorly understood. Muscular tissue where most vaccines are administered is the first place of interaction between the vaccine formulation and the host's immune cells. So far, this site of vaccine administration is not well documented from a mechanistic standpoint. The study of early molecular events at the injection site is crucial to understand the local response to vaccines. In this paper, we report a standardized workflow, from the injection of vaccine formulations in rabbit muscle, to the analysis by desorption electrospray ionization and histology staining to understand the role of lipids involved in the inflammation and its resolution on striated muscular tissue. The analysis of lipid mediators was optimized at the site of needle insertion to allow the spatial comparison of cellular infiltrates at the injection site. We showed that lipids were distributed across the spatial tissue morphology in a time-dependent manner. The MS imaging applied to vaccinology could pave the way to a better understanding of vaccine reactogenicity and mechanism of action.
Collapse
|
75
|
Shi C, Wang L, Xu J, Li A, Wang C, Zhu X, Wang W, Yu Q, Han L. Effect of glycolysis on water holding capacity during postmortem aging of Jersey cattle-yak meat. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:3039-3046. [PMID: 38057148 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postmortem muscle moisture loss leads to a decrease in carcass weight and can adversely impact overall meat quality. Therefore, it is critical to investigate water holding capacity (WHC) to enhance meat quality. Current research has primarily focused on examining the correlation between signaling molecules and meat quality in relation to the glycolysis effect on muscle WHC. But there exists a significant knowledge gap regarding the mechanism of WHC in Jersey cattle-yak meat. RESULTS Jersey cattle-yak meat pH decreased and then increased during postmortem aging. Lactate content, cooking loss, pressing loss, drip loss and centrifuging loss of Jersey cattle-yak meat increased and then decreased during postmortem aging. The glycogen content of Jersey cattle-yak meat was significantly higher than that of yak meat at 6-120 h, being 8.40% higher than that of yak meat at 120 h. The activity of key glycolytic enzymes hexokinase (HK), pyruvate kinase (PK), phosphofructokinase (PFK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in Jersey cattle-yak meat was lower than that in yak meat. Correlation analysis showed that Jersey cattle-yak meat WHC was positively correlated with the activity of HK, PK, PFK and LDH. CONCLUSIONS The WHC of Jersey cattle-yak meat was higher than that of Gannan yak meat, and it was significantly positively correlated with the activity of key enzymes of the glycolytic signaling pathway. Therefore, the glycolysis rate can be reduced by inhibiting enzyme activity to improve Jersey cattle-yak meat WHC and meat quality. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
|