826
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Suzuki A, Nagai T, Nishimatsu S, Sugino H, Eto Y, Shibai H, Murakami K, Ueno N. Autoinduction of activin genes in early Xenopus embryos. Biochem J 1994; 298 ( Pt 2):275-80. [PMID: 8135731 PMCID: PMC1137936 DOI: 10.1042/bj2980275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Activin exhibits a potent mesoderm inducing activity towards the ectodermal tissue (animal cap) of Xenopus laevis blastulae. Thus in order to investigate the role of activin in morphogenesis of early Xenopus embryos, activation of genes for activin beta A and beta B was examined by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In vivo, activin beta B mRNA appears to be present in embryonic stage 1 whereas beta A mRNA is undetectable prior to gastrulation. beta B and beta A mRNAs were noted to accumulate after stages 9 and 15 respectively. Activin gene expression in Xenopus animal caps was examined after treatment with various concentrations of activin A. Under these treatment conditions, both activin beta A and beta B mRNAs accumulated in a dose-dependent fashion after 24 h. The same effect was noted for treatment with similar concentrations of activin B. Accumulation of mRNAs was inhibited by the addition of cycloheximide to the culture medium, consistent with the proposition that activin gene expression requires certain protein factors. In total, therefore, these data suggest that an autoinduction mechanism is involved in the regulation of activin mRNA levels in normal Xenopus embryos and that this mechanism may play a pivotal role during early embryonic development.
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827
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Kurome T, Katayama M, Murakami K, Hashino K, Kamihagi K, Yasumoto M, Kato I. Expression of recombinant mouse/human chimeric antibody specific to human GMP-140/P-selectin. J Biochem 1994; 115:608-14. [PMID: 7520038 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a124383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
To construct a mouse/human chimeric antibody, we cloned the genomic DNAs for Ig from a murine hybridoma that produces PL7-6 monoclonal antibody specific to human P-selectin and expressed them in SP2/0 myelomas using a series of pSV2 vectors. Transfected cells that produce the mouse/human chimeric anti-human P-selectin antibody were geneticin-selected and screened by an immunoassay using immobilized antigen. The chimeric antibody, cPL-2R1, expressed by the resultant clone has the murine Ig variable region and the human Ig constant region. The native antibody PL7-6 and the chimeric antibody cPL-2R1 react equally with purified P-selectin and thrombin-stimulated platelets. Competitive inhibition tests demonstrated that the native antibody PL7-6 and the chimeric antibody cPL-2R1 had identical affinity for purified human P-selectin. Thus, although human IgG1 constant region was substituted for the murine counterpart in this chimeric antibody, its specificity and binding affinity for P-selectin was not altered. This chimeric antibody may prove useful when employed in combination with imaging reagents or therapeutic drugs for targeting activated platelets or endothelium in patients with thrombosis or intravascular inflammation.
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828
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Tamura K, Umemura S, Iwamoto T, Yamaguchi S, Kobayashi S, Takeda K, Tokita Y, Takagi N, Murakami K, Fukamizu A. Molecular mechanism of adipogenic activation of the angiotensinogen gene. Hypertension 1994; 23:364-8. [PMID: 8125564 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.23.3.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensinogen gene expression is controlled in a tissue- and development-specific manner. Interestingly, the angiotensinogen gene is abundantly expressed in adipose tissues other than the liver, where it is mainly produced. We investigated the molecular mechanism of angiotensinogen gene expression in a 3T3-L1 preadipocyte-adipocyte system. Although angiotensinogen mRNA was barely detectable in preadipocytes, its levels increased significantly during differentiation. As a whole, the pattern of the change in transcriptional activity of the angiotensinogen promoter was similar to that of the angiotensinogen mRNA levels during adipogenic differentiation, indicating that the activation of the angiotensinogen promoter might be involved in the adipogenic differentiation-coupled gene expression. The proximal promoter region, from -96 to +22 of the transcriptional start site, was sufficient to confer adipogenic activation, and the proximal element from -96 to -52 of the transcriptional start site was necessary for this promoter stimulation. DNA-protein binding experiments showed that this proximal element specifically bound to a nuclear factor induced by adipogenic differentiation. These results suggest that the proximal promoter element from -96 to -52 plays a role in adipogenic activation of the angiotensinogen promoter.
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829
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Chen SG, Murakami K. Effects of cis-fatty acid on protein kinase C activation and protein phosphorylation in the hippocampus. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF PDA 1994; 48:71-5. [PMID: 8032798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Parenteral or dietary lipids have been shown to alter the acyl composition of tissue lipids effectively. It has been suggested that the changes in the acyl composition would modulate physiological responses by altering the kinetic properties and/or activity of the cellular enzymes. One such enzyme is protein kinase C whose activity is regulated by receptor-mediated phospholipid hydrolysis. In this study, we have examined the effect of cis-unsaturated fatty acid on the activity of protein kinase C and protein phosphorylation in the hippocampus. Our results suggest that cis-fatty acid indeed modulates protein phosphorylation in the hippocampus and the cis-fatty acid-induced protein phosphorylation can be attributed to the activation of protein kinase C.
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830
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Fukamizu A, Sagara M, Sugiyama F, Yagami K, Murakami K. Tissue-specific trans-activation of renin gene by targeted expression of adenovirus E1A in transgenic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994; 199:183-90. [PMID: 8123010 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1994.1212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We generated two transgenic mice carrying the adenovirus type 12 E1 region genes under control of the human renin promoter, in which the E1A and E1B genes were expressed predominantly in the kidney. Interestingly, renal transcription of the gene for mouse renin was shown to be elevated at 28 and 40 folds as compared in those of control animals, but histone mRNA levels were unchanged. Although the transfected mouse renin promoter was promiscuously trans-activated by E1A in HeLa cells where the endogenous renin gene was silent, the transgenic studies suggested that a cellular factor(s), in addition to E1A, was required for the tissue-specific renin gene activation. These findings provide the in vivo evidence that E1A could trans-activate cellular gene transcription in a tissue-specific manner.
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831
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Shoda A, Murakami K, Ueno N. Biologically active BMP-2 in early Xenopus laevis embryos. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994; 198:1267-74. [PMID: 8117284 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1994.1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we attempted to purify the dimeric BMP-2 from extracts of Xenopus embryos in order to show the presence of BMP-2 activity in the embryos. Immunoreactive BMP-2 protein was found to be a homodimer of an 18 kDa BMP-2 polypeptide linked through disulfide bridge(s). Biological activities of the partially purified dimeric BMP-2 were examined in vitro. The Xenopus BMP-2 induced alkaline phosphatase in a dose-dependent manner in cultured osteoblastic cells, MC3T3-E1. The inducing activity was synergistically enhanced by the presence of retinoic acid. The results showed that the dimeric form of Xenopus BMP-2 has an indistinguishable biological activity from that of mammalian BMP-2.
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832
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Dealwis CG, Frazao C, Badasso M, Cooper JB, Tickle IJ, Driessen H, Blundell TL, Murakami K, Miyazaki H, Sueiras-Diaz J. X-ray analysis at 2.0 A resolution of mouse submaxillary renin complexed with a decapeptide inhibitor CH-66, based on the 4-16 fragment of rat angiotensinogen. J Mol Biol 1994; 236:342-60. [PMID: 8107115 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1994.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The structure of mouse submaxillary renin complexed with a decapeptide inhibitor, CH-66 (Piv-His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu-OH-Leu-Tyr-Tyr-Ser-NH2), where Piv denotes a pivaloyl blocking group, and -OH- denotes a hydroxyethylene (-(S)CHOH-CH2-) transition state isostere as a scissile bond surrogate, has been refined to an agreement factor of 0.18 at 2.0 A resolution. The positions of 10,038 protein atoms and 364 inhibitor atoms (4 independent protein inhibitor complexes), as well as of 613 solvent atoms, have been determined with an estimated root-mean-square (r.m.s.) error of 0.21 A. The r.m.s. deviation from ideality for bond distances is 0.026 A, and for angle distances is 0.0543 A. We have compared the three-dimensional structure of mouse renin with other aspartic proteinases, using rigid-body analysis with respect to shifts involving the domain comprising residues 190 to 302. In terms of the relative orientation of domains, mouse submaxillary renin is closest to human renin with only a 1.7 degrees difference in domain orientation. Porcine pepsin (the molecular replacement model) differs structurally from mouse renin by a 6.9 degrees domain rotation, whereas endothiapepsin, a fungal aspartic proteinase, differs by 18.8 degrees. The triple proline loop (residues 292 to 294), which is structurally opposite the active-site "flap" (residues 72 to 83), gives renin a superficial resemblance to the fold of the retroviral proteinases. The inhibitor is bound in an extended conformation along the active-site cleft, and the hydroxyethylene moiety forms hydrogen bonds with both catalytic aspartate carboxylates. The complex is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the main chain of the inhibitor and the enzyme. All side-chains of the inhibitor are in van der Waals contact with groups in the enzyme and define ten specificity sub-sites. This study shows how renin has compact sub-sites due to the positioning of secondary structure elements, to complementary substitutions and to the residue composition of its loops close to the active site, leading to extreme specificity towards its prohormone substrate, angiotensinogen. We have analysed the micro-environment of each of the buried charged groups in order to predict their ionization states.
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833
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Hatae T, Takimoto E, Murakami K, Fukamizu A. Comparative studies on species-specific reactivity between renin and angiotensinogen. Mol Cell Biochem 1994; 131:43-7. [PMID: 8047064 DOI: 10.1007/bf01075723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is the most important regulator of electrolyte homeostasis and blood pressure. Our recently generated transgenic mice carrying either the human renin (hREN) or human angiotensinogen (hANG) genes did not develop hypertension but dual gene strains obtained by cross-mating separate lines of mice exhibited a chronically sustained increase in blood pressure, suggesting the presence of species-specific reactivity between renin and angiotensinogen. In order to examine this specificity, the present study was designed to perform a strictly comparative study on hydrolysis of hANG by hREN and mouse submandibular renin (mREN) in vitro by using pure proteins. The recombinant hANG (rhANG) and the synthetic human-type tridecapeptide (hTDP), Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu-Val-Ile-His, corresponding to the N-terminal sequences of hANG, were used to determine the species specificity of recombinant hREN (rhREN) and mREN. While hTDP was cleaved by both rhREN and mREN with similar Km and with the same order of kcat, rhANG was cleaved by mREN with 16.7-fold higher Km and with 28.2-fold lower kcat than by rhREN. These results showed that kcat/Km value of mREN for rhANG was 468-fold lower than that for rhREN acting on rhANG.
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834
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Fukamizu A, Uehara S, Hatae T, Tamura K, Watanabe K, Sugiyama F, Murakami K. Species-specific expression of the hepatic renin gene. J Vet Med Sci 1994; 56:109-14. [PMID: 8204734 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.56.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The catalytic reaction of renin, an aspartyl proteinase, with angiotensinogen is the rate-limiting step fo the renin-angiotensin system involved in the maintenance of blood pressure and electrolyte balance in mammals. We have characterized species-specific expression of the hepatic renin gene by RNase protection experiment, primer extension analysis, and promoter assay using an in vitro DNA transfection. RNase protection experiments revealed that the renin gene is expressed in rat liver, but neither in mouse nor in human. Primer extension analysis identified the putative promoter region of the rat renin gene, which contains TATAAAA sequence, a canonical regulatory DNA element. In order to test whether the upstream region of the renin gene with respect to the putative transcription initiation site is a functional promoter, we have examined the ability of the 5'-flanking sequences of the rat renin gene as well as the human and mouse genes to activate expression of a reporter gene containing the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT)-coding sequences, by transient transfection assays. In transfected HepG2 cells, a hepatoma cell line, only the rat renin promoter was capable of driving the CAT gene expression. These results suggested that the rat-specific renin gene expression in the liver could be primarily determined by its promoter specificity.
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835
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Asahara N, Murakami K, Korbrisate S, Hashimoto Y, Murooka Y. Cloning and characterization of the hemA gene for synthesis of delta-aminolevulinic acid in Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1994; 40:846-50. [PMID: 7764570 DOI: 10.1007/bf00173986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The gene from Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli that is involved in the C5 pathway of delta-amino-levulinic acid (ALA) of Escherichia coli. Subcloning of deletion fragments from the initial 2.5-kilobase (kb) chromosomal fragment allowed the isolation of a 1.6-kb fragment that could complement the hemM mutation. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 1.6-kb DNA fragment revealed an open reading frame that encodes a polypeptide of 426 amino acid residues, and the deduced molecular mass of this polypeptide is 46768 Da. The amino acid sequence shows a high degree of homology of the HemA protein, which is glutamyl-tRNA reductase, to other organisms. Thus, we examined the complementation test of the cloned gene from Xanthomonas with a hemA mutation of E. coli and found that the gene complemented the hemA mutation. These results suggest that the cloned gene is hemA and the gene from Xanthomonas also complements both hemA and hemM mutations, as in the case of the E. coli hemA.
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836
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Zhong Z, Higaki J, Murakami K, Wang Y, Catalano R, Quon D, Cordell B. Secretion of beta-amyloid precursor protein involves multiple cleavage sites. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:627-32. [PMID: 8276862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A major histopathological feature of Alzheimer's disease is deposits of a approximately 4-kDa beta-amyloid peptide derived by proteolytic processing from a precursor, the beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP). Proteolytic cleavage of beta-APP within the approximately 4-kDa beta-amyloid domain permits the secretion of the amino-terminal portion of beta-APP while concomitantly producing a membrane bound approximately 9-kDa carboxyl-terminal fragment. We have characterized the proteolytic cleavage site for beta-APP secretion by amino acid sequence analysis of the approximately 9-kDa beta-APP carboxyl-terminal cleavage product produced by recombinant and native expression systems. Recombinant beta-APP was generated by a vaccinia virus expression system in CV-1 monkey fibroblasts; endogenous beta-APP was obtained using a fibroblast line derived from an individual with Down's syndrome. The sequences of both unlabeled and metabolically radiolabeled approximately 9-kDa fragment from CV-1 cells reveal that the major (60%) secretory cleavage site is after Lys16 of the beta-amyloid domain as reported previously; however, an additional cleavage site is seen after Phe19 (40%). Radiosequence analysis of the carboxyl-terminal fragment purified from Down's syndrome fibroblasts indicates cleavage sites after Phe19, Glu22, and Gly25 and not after Lys16. CV-1 cells expressing beta-APP mutants lacking 4 and 6 amino acids adjacent to Lys16 yielded approximately 9-kDa fragments with two identical cleavage sites, neither of which occurred after the retained Lys16 but were after Glu11 and His13. These data suggest that secretion of beta-APP involves multiple proteinases and that the composition of these proteinases may vary within different cell backgrounds.
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837
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Murakami K, Okada K, Amanuma H, Aida Y. The gamma delta T cell population in sheep experimentally infected with bovine leukemia virus. Vet Pathol 1994; 31:103-5. [PMID: 8140713 DOI: 10.1177/030098589403100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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838
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Murakami K, Aida Y, Kageyama R, Numakunai S, Ohshima K, Okada K, Ikawa Y. Immunopathologic study and characterization of the phenotype of transformed cells in sheep with bovine leukemia virus-induced lymphosarcoma. Am J Vet Res 1994; 55:72-80. [PMID: 8141500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We used monoclonal antibodies and immunohistologic examination of lymph nodes, to elucidate the pathogenesis of lymphosarcoma induced by infection with bovine leukemia virus (BLV). The superficial cervical lymph nodes from 3 BLV-infected but apparently healthy sheep and 5 sheep with full-blown lymphosarcoma were examined. We also investigated the integration of bovine leukemia provirus by use of Southern blotting. In lymph nodes from sheep lacking clinical signs of infection, in which the provirus had been integrated at multiple sites in the genome, many large hypertrophic follicles were observed in the cortex. These follicles had germinal centers consisting of CD4+T cells and B cells that expressed surface IgM (sIgM) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-II antigens, but not B cell-specific B2 molecule. The percentage of CD4+T cells in the cortex was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of the controls and sheep with lymphosarcoma. In all sheep with lymphosarcoma, the lymph nodes were completely destroyed by proliferating neoplastic cells, and in addition, small atrophic follicles, which consisted of normal B-cell marker-positive cells, were seen near the trabecula and the subcapsule. In these instances, neoplastic cells appeared to be a monoclonal population derived from a single CD5- B-cell lineage and to be classified as 2 types, CD5-CD4-CD8-B2+MHC class-II+sIgM+ and CD5-CD4-CD8-B2+MHC class-II+sIgM-. Moreover, CD8+T cells infiltrated diffusely throughout the tumorous lymph nodes apart from the atrophic follicles, and CD4+ cells were observed around atrophic follicles. Both types of T cells were small-size, normal lymphocytes with round and noncleaved nuclei, and were apparently non-neoplastic cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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839
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Murakami K, Yoshioka K, Akano N, Takemura T, Okada M, Aya N, Hino S, Miyazato H, Yagi K, Maki S. Combined therapy in children and adolescents with IgA nephropathy. NIHON JINZO GAKKAI SHI 1994; 36:38-43. [PMID: 8107307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We retrospectively evaluated renal outcome in a total of 38 children and adolescents with IgA nephropathy who were selected for 6-month therapy for clinical (proteinuria > 1 g/m2/24 hour) and pathologic (mesangial proliferation, crescent formation, and tubulo-interstitial changes) features suggestive of progressive renal failure. Seventeen patients (group A) were treated with a combination of prednisolone, cyclophosphamide and dipyridamole, and the remaining patients (21; group B) were treated with the same drugs plus warfarin. All the patients were followed-up for more than 2 years (range 2-10 years, mean 4.8). In both groups, the mean urinary protein excretion value was significantly reduced after the therapy, compared with that at entry into the therapy. The significant reduction continued for up to 6 years in group A and up to 5 years in group B. Creatinine clearance was stable until 5-6 years after the trial in both groups, but 4 patients progressed to end-stage renal failure after that period. Post-therapy biopsy was performed in 14 patients, and was compared with the pre-therapy biopsy. The activity score had improved in both groups, but the chronicity score did not. These results indicate that there was a temporary effect and limited benefit with this treatment of combined drugs for children and adolescents with IgA nephropathy. The additive effect of warfarin was not substantiated.
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840
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Mori S, Goto K, Goto F, Murakami K, Ohkawara S, Yoshinaga M. Dynamic changes in mRNA expression of neutrophils during the course of acute inflammation in rabbits. Int Immunol 1994; 6:149-56. [PMID: 8148323 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/6.1.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine RNA/protein synthesis of neutrophils and related dynamic changes during the inflammatory process, we investigated mRNA expressions in neutrophils, by RNA blot hybridization analyses using 12 different rabbit gene probes. We first selected five candidate genes encoding inflammation-related proteins, i.e. tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, neutrophil activating peptide-1/IL-8 (NAP-1/IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1. We further selected several genes on basis of the results from gene subtraction between cDNA libraries from neutrophils at an early (5 h) and at a late (24 h) stage of casein-induced acute peritonitis in rabbits, i.e. immune activation gene-2 (Act-2), migration inhibitory factor-related protein-8 (MRP-8), MRP-14, gamma-actin, and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine receptor (fMLP-R), and ferritin light (L) chain. In addition to these genes we used ferritin heavy (H) chain gene, another component of the ferritin molecule. We examined mRNA expressions by cytoplasmic slot blot analysis of the above 12 genes in neutrophils obtained from blood and from various stages of casein-induced inflammation in rabbits. The observed patterns of mRNA expression kinetics were classified into three. Pattern 1: mRNAs of MRP-8, MRP-14, and gamma-actin were constitutively expressed in blood neutrophils, and increased rapidly after emigration into inflammatory sites. Pattern 2: mRNAs of IL-1 beta, NAP-1/IL-8, Act-2, and fMLP-R were undetectable in blood neutrophils, and were induced rapidly after the onset of inflammation. Pattern 3 mRNAs of ferritin L and H chain were induced slowly, and increased with progression of the inflammatory process.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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841
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Ishimine M, Takamoto T, Nitta M, Marumo F, Murakami K, Takasu N. Postprandial hemodynamic changes evaluated by a Doppler echocardiographic method. JAPANESE HEART JOURNAL 1994; 35:35-42. [PMID: 8201779 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.35.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate postprandial hemodynamic changes, Doppler measurements of stroke volume before and after lunch were carried out in 10 healthy volunteers (all men) with a mean age of 28 years. The stroke volume was calculated as the product of echocardiographically determined aortic valve area and the ejection flow velocity integral obtained by continuous wave Doppler. The stroke volume before lunch was 61 +/- 7 ml, which was increased to 72 +/- 8 ml 1 hour after lunch and remained constant for the next 4 hours. Five hours later the stroke volume was then decreased to the baseline. M-mode echocardiography revealed an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and ejection fraction after lunch. Another 9 healthy subjects (6 women and 3 men) with a mean age of 52 years received a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) instead of a common lunch; stroke volumes were not altered in association with the elevation of plasma glucose level. In conclusion, ingestion of food had a positive inotropic effect and caused circulating blood volume expansion with an increment of heart rate. Therefore, Doppler studies that are not standardized for patients' mealtimes may affect the validity of data in serial studies of left ventricular function.
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842
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Abstract
Both renin and cathepsin B were co-localized in identical granules of adreno-cortical cells. At day 16 of gestation, many renin-containing granules were observed and gold particles showed homogeneous intragranular distribution; whereas, those for cathepsin B was distributed heterogeneously. At day 18 of gestation, renin immunoreactivity was decreased or undetectable, whereas cathepsin B was still demonstrated at the same level as on day 16 of gestation.
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843
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Murakami K, Nakagawa T, Yamashiro G, Araki K, Akasofu K. Adrenal steroids in serum during danazol therapy, taking into account cross-reactions between danazol metabolites and serum androgens. Endocr J 1993; 40:659-64. [PMID: 7951534 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.40.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the changes in the serum androgen concentrations and the Free Androgen Index (FAI) in women during danazol therapy, we measured the serum concentrations of adrenal steroids and danazol metabolites, and then examined the effects of danazol metabolites on assays for serum androgens. Thirteen women who had endometriosis were treated with danazol (300 or 400 mg/day) for 8 to 16 weeks. Blood samples were taken before, during, and after the medication. During the danazol therapy, serum testosterone (T), cortisol (F), and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) significantly decreased (P < 0.05); but serum dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS) and FAI increased (P < 0.05). The serum concentrations of danazol metabolites were: danazol, 209.0 +/- 28.3 (ng/mL, mean +/- SEM); delta 1-2-hydroxymethyl ethisterone, 114.4 +/- 8.4; and 2-hydroxymethyl ethisterone, 660.0 +/- 54.2. There was considerable cross-reaction between danazol metabolites and androgens [T, androstenedione (A), and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)] in the direct assays. As for the ratios of adrenal steroids in serum, the DHEAS/F, DHEAS/DHEA, and 11-deoxycortisol (S)/F ratios increased (P < 0.05). We conclude that the increase in FAI and DHEAS represents increased native androgenic activity with danazol, and the changes in adrenal steroid ratios in serum indicate the inhibition of 11 beta-hydroxylase and sulfatase activities during danazol therapy.
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844
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Kodama R, Fujiyama K, Murakami K, Fujioka T. [Eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori in gastroduodenal ulcer and its long-term course]. NIHON RINSHO. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE 1993; 51:3272-7. [PMID: 8283646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the efficacy of antimicrobial drugs, amoxicillin and clarithromycin that have the in vitro activity against H. pylori, and observed a long term course of ulcer after eradication. The eradication rate of combination therapy with PPI and amoxicillin showed best result (13/18: 72%). In eradicated cases, index of PAS positive substance and gastritis score in antral mucosa that is histological examination was improved, and ammonia concentration in gastric secretions decreased. The recurrent rate of ulcer in long term course after eradication was investigated, the recurrent rate of ulcer was significantly lower in H pylori eradicated cases than in H. pylori continuously positive cases. Results suggest that eradication of H. pylori may be controlled recurrence of H. pylori positive peptic ulcer.
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845
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Yoshino M, Murakami K. Role of glutamate dehydrogenase reaction in the control of citrate pool in yeast. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1993; 25:1723-7. [PMID: 8138009 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(88)90299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
1. Role of NADP-glutamate dehydrogenase in the depletion of citrate was analyzed using permeabilized yeast cells. 2. Citrate was converted to 2-oxoglutarate, which was then metabolized to glutamate by NADP-glutamate dehydrogenase in the presence of ammonium ion. 3. Formation of 2-oxoglutarate plus glutamate was in good agreement with the concentration of citrate decreased. Glutamate formation can be a good indicator of the depletion of citrate, because 70% of the citrate decreased was converted to glutamate. 4. Glycolytic activity was closely correlated with the decrease in citrate under the in situ conditions. 5. NADP-glutamate dehydrogenase increased in anaerobically grown yeast cells. 6. An effective depletion of citrate by increased synthesis of NADP-glutamate dehydrogenase can explain the lowered mechanism of citrate causing glycolytic stimulation under the anaerobic growth conditions of yeast.
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846
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Murakami K, Oshino T, Nakamura H, Ohtani M, Nagata H. Schwarzschild microscope for carbon Kα radiation. APPLIED OPTICS 1993; 32:7057-7061. [PMID: 20856567 DOI: 10.1364/ao.32.007057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A Schwarzschild objective (magnification, ×32; numerical aperture, 0.2), which has a 0.1-µm resolution within 30 µm of the object height, was designed and fabricated. We have developed new normalincidence multilayer mirrors for carbon Kα radiation (wavelength, 44.8 Å), NiCr (80-20 wt. %)/C multilayers (thickness period, 22.5 Å; number of layers, 50), which are deposited by ion-beam sputtering with the thickness distribution corrected by deposition masks. Magnified images were taken on photographic film with the Schwarzschild objective by using an electron impact carbon Kα radiation source, and a resolution of < 0.5 µm was confirmed.
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847
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Ohmomo Y, Hirata M, Murakami K, Magata Y, Tanaka C, Yokoyama A. Synthesis and characterization of 11C-labeled fluoroclorgyline: a monoamine oxidase A specific inhibitor for positron emission tomography. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1993; 41:1994-7. [PMID: 8293522 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.41.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A new radioligand for monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A), [11C]fluoroclorgyline, was synthesized from its desmethyl precursor by N-methylation reaction using [11C]methyl iodide with a radiochemical yield of 75-85%. The radiochemical purity of the product was more than 99% and the specific radioactivity was 7.4-18.5 GBq/micromol. The in vivo tissue distribution studies of [11C]fluoroclorgyline in mice demonstrated its high initial uptake and prolonged retention in the brain, comparable to those of [11C]clorgyline. A selective interaction with MAO-A in the accumulation of [11C]fluorclorgyline was confirmed by a competition experiment performed with the MAO-A specific inhibitor,clorgyline, and MAO-B specific inhibitor, l-deprenyl. These very desirable characteristics of [11C]fluoroclorgyline suggested that its 18F labeled counterpart, [18F]fluoroclorgyline, would have great potential as a longer-lived alternative to 11C labeled clorgyline for in vivo studies of MAO-A in the human brain with positron emission tomography (PET).
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848
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Okada K, Suzuki K, Murakami K, Davis WC. Immunohistological study on bovine small intestine including gut associated lymphoid tissue using monoclonal antibodies to WC1, TCR1 and BoCD3. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1993; 39:169-75. [PMID: 8310642 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(93)90178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Selected antibodies (mAbs) that clustered in temporary cluster TC22 (WC1) and TC36 (TCR1) and one unclustered mAb thought to detect BoCD3 were used to compare the distribution of T and B cells and subpopulations of WC1+ or TCR1+ cells in fetal, calf, and young adult gut associated lymphoid tissue. Cells putatively positive for BoCD3 (MM1A) were detected in the interfollicular tissue similar to the pattern noted for BoCD2+ or BoCD5+ cells. WC1+ or TCR1+ cells were detected in small numbers in follicles and interfollicular tissue. Numerous WC1+ or TCR1+ cells were evident in the lamina propria and epithelia, with the highest frequency evident in tissues from animals 8 months of age.
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849
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Murakami K, Aikawa J, Horinouchi S, Beppu T. Characterization of an aspartic proteinase of Mucor pusillus expressed in Aspergillus oryzae. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1993; 241:312-8. [PMID: 8246885 DOI: 10.1007/bf00284683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The aspartic proteinase (MPP) gene from the zygomycete fungus Mucor pusillus was introduced into an ascomycete fungus, Aspergillus oryzae, by protoplast transformation using the nitrate reductase (niaD) gene as the selective marker. Southern blot analysis indicated that the MPP gene was integrated into the resident niaD locus at a copy number of 1-2. MPP secreted by the recombinant A. oryzae was correctly processed but was more highly glycosylated than that produced in the original M. pusillus strain. Treatment with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H and analysis of the carbohydrate composition of the secreted MPP revealed that the extra glycosylation of the MPP secreted by the recombinant A. oryzae was due to altered processing of mannose residues. The extra glycosylation of MPP affected its enzyme properties including its milk-clotting and proteolytic activities.
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850
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Yamada H, Tsuda T, Watanabe T, Ohashi M, Murakami K, Mochizuki H. In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of D0870, a new triazole agent. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993; 37:2412-7. [PMID: 8285626 PMCID: PMC192400 DOI: 10.1128/aac.37.11.2412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of D0870 were evaluated in comparison with those of fluconazole. D0870, which is the R-enantiomer of ICI195,739, was found to be the mycologically active enantiomer by comparing the activities of D0870 with those of M16355 (S-enantiomer of ICI195,739). D0870 showed a broad spectrum of antifungal activity and MICs and minimum antibiotic concentrations 4- to 2,000-fold lower in synthetic amino acid medium (fungal) agar than those of fluconazole for various fungi. Although MICs of D0870 were affected by variation of the test conditions, such as type of medium, inoculum size of fungi, supplementation with fetal bovine serum, and pH of medium, they were consistently much lower than those of fluconazole under any condition. In vivo activities of D0870 in the systemic infection models with Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus in normal mice and in the mice immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide or cortisone acetate were 2- to 7-fold and 3- to 89-fold greater than those of fluconazole, respectively. In these infection models in immunosuppressed mice, the therapeutic efficacy of D0870 was almost equivalent to that in normal mice, whereas the efficacy of fluconazole was 2- to 50-fold lower than that in normal mice.
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