876
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Hu H, Milder FL, Burger DE. X-ray fluorescence measurements of lead burden in subjects with low-level community lead exposure. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 1990; 45:335-41. [PMID: 2270952 DOI: 10.1080/00039896.1990.10118752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A k-x-ray fluorescence (K-XRF) instrument that can measure in vivo bone lead at low levels was used on a population of 34 adults with no known history of excessive lead exposure. A questionnaire that gathered information relevant to occupational and environmental lead exposure was administered prior to the measurement. A 30-min measurement that produced an average estimated uncertainty of 6 mcg lead/g bone mineral was taken at the mid-tibial diaphysis for each subject. Eighteen subjects had bone lead levels below the measurement uncertainty. The remainder had bone lead levels ranging up to 21 mcg lead/g bone mineral. Bone lead levels were greater among older subjects. Among young adult subjects, bone lead levels greater than the measurement uncertainty were confined entirely to subjects who had grown up in housing that was estimated to have been build prior to 1955. Such a childhood environment is at high risk of fostering exposure to biologically absorbable lead through ingestion of lead paint-contaminated dust and lead pipe-contaminated water. We conclude that the K-XRF technique has the potential to distinguish between low levels of lead burden in epidemiologic studies.
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877
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Hu H. [[Population distribution, regionalization, and prospects in China]]. DI LI XUE BAO 1990. [PMID: 12284413 DOI: 10.11821/xb199002002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
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878
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Wilson JB, Webber BB, Hu H, Kutlar A, Kutlar F, Codrington JF, Prchal JT, Hall KM, de Pablos JM, Rodriguez I. Hemoglobin Birmingham and hemoglobin Galicia: two unstable beta chain variants characterized by small deletions and insertions. Blood 1990; 75:1883-7. [PMID: 2158827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Two unstable hemoglobins (Hbs) causing rather severe hemolytic anemia have been characterized. The beta chain of Hb Birmingham, found in an adult black man, is characterized by the loss of -Leu-Ala-His-Lys- at positions 141, 142, 143, and 144 and their replacement by one Gln residue. These changes are the result of a deletion of nine nucleotides, namely two base pairs (bp) of codon 141, all of codons 142 and 143, and one bp of codon 144; the remaining CAG triplet (C from codon 141 and AG from codon 144) codes for the inserted glutamine. In the beta chain of Hb Galicia from a Spanish patient, His and Val at positions 97 and 98 are replaced by one Leu residue. This is due to an ACG deletion in codons 97 and 98, which causes the removal of one His and one Val residue, while the remaining CTG triplet (C from codon 97 and TG from codon 98) codes for the inserted leucine residue. Two mechanisms, namely slipped mispairing in the presence of short repeats, and misreading by DNA polymerase due to a local distortion of the DNA helix, are considered in explaining the origin of the small deletions.
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879
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Kattamis C, Hu H, Cheng G, Reese AL, Gonzalez-Redondo JM, Kutlar A, Kutlar F, Huisman TH. Molecular characterization of beta-thalassaemia in 174 Greek patients with thalassaemia major. Br J Haematol 1990; 74:342-6. [PMID: 2334641 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1990.tb02593.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mutations producing beta-thalassaemia in 174 Greek patients with thalassaemia major were investigated by dot-blot hybridization of oligonucleotide probes to genomic DNA amplified by the polymerase chain reaction procedure, by direct sequencing of amplified DNA, and by gene mapping. beta-thalassaemia in Greeks was found to be very heterogeneous at the molecular level as 17 different mutations were observed: 86.6% of the beta-thalassaemic genes, however, could be identified with five probes: IVS-I-110 (G----A) (42.5%), codon 39 (C----T) (17%), IVS-I-1 (G----A) (13.2%), IVS-I-6 (T----C) (7.2%) and IVS-II-745 (C----G) (6.9%). Several mutations which had not previously been reported in the Greek population and which occurred at an incidence of 2% or lower were observed in this study. The information obtained will facilitate the prenatal diagnosis of beta-thalassaemia in Greece.
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880
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Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation from high-intensity sources has well-known acute effects on the eye and skin, consisting primarily of photokeratoconjunctivitis and sunburn, which are enhanced in the presence of photosensitizing agents. Long-term elevated exposure to low-level ultraviolet radiation is also responsible for an increased risk of squamous- and basal-cell carcinomas; probably responsible for an increased risk of cortical and posterior subcapsular cataracts, pterygium, and cutaneous melanoma and intraocular melanoma and possibly responsible for immunologic effects of clinical significance.
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881
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Jones KW, Schidlovsky G, Burger DE, Milder FL, Hu H. Distribution of lead in human bone: III. Synchrotron x-ray microscope measurements. BASIC LIFE SCIENCES 1990; 55:281-6. [PMID: 2088280 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-1473-8_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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882
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Burger DE, Milder FL, Morsillo PR, Adams BB, Hu H. Automated bone lead analysis by K-x-ray fluorescence for the clinical environment. BASIC LIFE SCIENCES 1990; 55:287-92. [PMID: 2088281 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-1473-8_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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883
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Hu H, Tosteson T, Aufderheide AC, Wittmers L, Burger DE, Milder FL, Schidlovsky G, Jones KW. Distribution of lead in human bone: I. Atomic absorption measurements. BASIC LIFE SCIENCES 1990; 55:267-74. [PMID: 2088278 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-1473-8_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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884
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Schidlovsky G, Jones KW, Burger DE, Milder FL, Hu H. Distribution of lead in human bone: II. Proton microprobe measurements. BASIC LIFE SCIENCES 1990; 55:275-80. [PMID: 2088279 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-1473-8_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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885
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Abstract
Tear gas has gained widespread acceptance as a means of controlling civilian crowds and subduing barricaded criminals. The most widely used forms of tear gas have been o-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile and omega-chloroacetophenone. Proponents of their use claim that, if used correctly, the noxious effects of exposure are transient and of no long-term consequences. The use of tear gas in recent situations of civil unrest, however, demonstrates that exposure to the weapon is difficult to control and indiscriminate, and the weapon is often not used correctly. Severe traumatic injury from exploding tear gas bombs as well as lethal toxic injury have been documented. Moreover, available toxicological data are deficient as to the potential of tear gas agents to cause long-term pulmonary, carcinogenic, and reproductive effects. Published and recent unpublished in vitro tests have shown o-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile to be both clastogenic and mutagenic. Sadly, the nature of its use renders analytic epidemiologic investigation of exposed persons difficult. In 1969, eighty countries voted to include tear gas agents among chemical weapons banned under the Geneva Protocol. There is an ongoing need for investigation into the full toxicological potential of tear gas chemicals and renewed debate on whether their use can be condoned under any circumstances.
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886
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Hu H, Cook-Deegan R, Shukri A. The use of chemical weapons. Conducting an investigation using survey epidemiology. JAMA 1989; 262:640-3. [PMID: 2746816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of chemical weapons in conflict represents a breach of international law as well as a grave violation of human rights. Investigating allegations of their use often is difficult. A basic tool is the survey interview. Experience has shown that a rigorous epidemiologic approach should be taken. A primary emphasis should be designing the study so that consistency of responses can be analyzed to judge the validity of the testimony. Only when the testimony can withstand this scrutiny is it possible to surmise the possible identity of agents employed. Securing samples of the putative agent is of obvious importance. Two recent investigations are discussed herein, one conducted by US Army medical researchers on allegations of chemical weapons use against the Hmong in Laos and another mounted by us on allegations of poison-gas attack against the Iraqi Kurds.
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887
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Hu H, Dorset DL. Three-dimensional electron diffraction structure analysis of polyethylene. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B: STRUCTURAL SCIENCE 1989. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108768189000868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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888
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Tao YZ, Hu H. Recombination of R-D chromosome in pollen plants cultured from hybrid of 6x Triticale x common wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1989; 77:899-903. [PMID: 24232910 DOI: 10.1007/bf00268346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/1988] [Accepted: 01/18/1989] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ninety-three pollen plants derived from the hybrid F1 of 6x Triticale x common wheat were observed cytologically. The rye chromosomes presented in these plants were identified by Giemsa-banding. Pollen plants having chromosome constitution 2n = 24 in haploids and 2n=46 in diploids were found to be predominant. The chromosome distributions of the R and D genome are different. R chromosomes distributed randomly and tended to full combination in offspring, but D chromosomes distributed non-randomly and tended to maintain intact.
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889
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Kutlar F, Gu LH, Hu H, Huisman TH. Quantitation of hemoglobins Bart's, H, Portland-I, Portland-II and constant spring by anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1989; 487:265-74. [PMID: 2722997 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)83036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a new high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure that uses a specific anion-exchange column for the separation of hemoglobin (Hb) Bart's (gamma 4), Hb H (beta 4), Hb Portland-I (zeta 2 gamma 2), Hb Portland-II (zeta 2 beta 2), and the abnormal Hb Constant Spring (alpha 2 extended beta 2) in cord blood and adult red cell lysates. The method provides quantitative data for Hb Bart's in cord blood that correlate well with the alpha-globin gene status of the babies and can be used for an initial identification of alpha-thalassemic conditions. Quantitation of Hb Bart's from cord blood samples that are collected on filter paper and submitted as dried blood spots is unreliable. The separation of Hb H and Hb Bart's allows an evaluation of the synthesis of these two hemoglobin components in patients with Hb H disease.
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890
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Aaronson HI, Reynolds WT, Hu H, Liu SK. Comments on reply to discussion of “The bainite transformation in a silicon steel”. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02670259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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891
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Gonzalez-Redondo JM, Stoming TA, Kutlar F, Kutlar A, Hu H, Wilson JB, Huisman TH. Hb Monroe or alpha 2 beta 230(B12)Arg----Thr, a variant associated with beta-thalassemia due to A G----C substitution adjacent to the donor splice site of the first intron. Hemoglobin 1989; 13:67-74. [PMID: 2539344 DOI: 10.3109/03630268908998053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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892
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Kutlar A, Kutlar F, Aksoy M, Gurgey A, Altay C, Wilson JB, Diaz-Chico JC, Hu H, Huisman TH. Beta-thalassemia intermedia in two Turkish families is caused by the interaction of Hb Knossos [beta 27(B9)Ala----Ser] and of Hb City of Hope [beta 69(E13)Gly----ser] with beta (0)-thalassemia. Hemoglobin 1989; 13:7-16. [PMID: 2467892 DOI: 10.3109/03630268908998049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have studied a few members of two Turkish families, who had a beta-thalassemia of the intermediate type. An abnormal hemoglobin was found in both families, which when present in association with beta(0)-thalassemia was considered to be the primary cause for the increased severity of the disease. In the first family this variant was Hb Knossos [beta 27(B9)Ala----Ser] which occurred together with the frameshift in codon #8 type of beta(0)-thalassemia. This compound heterozygosity, observed for the first time in the Turkish population was characterized by a considerable increase in Hb F production, mainly of the G gamma type, as expected for a chromosome with haplotype IV. In the second family, the variant was Hb City of Hope [beta 69(E13)Gly----Ser] which was present in combination with an unknown type of beta-thalassemia. The increase in Hb F production in the compound heterozygote was minimal. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography and the DNA amplification-synthetic oligonucleotide probe procedure were major tools in identifying the different abnormalities.
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893
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Ulukutlu L, Ozsahin H, Wilson JB, Webber BB, Hu H, Kutlar A, Kutlar F, Huisman TH. Hb Brockton [alpha 2 beta 2138(H16)Ala----Pro] observed in a Turkish girl. Hemoglobin 1989; 13:509-13. [PMID: 2599887 DOI: 10.3109/03630268908998091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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894
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Martins MC, Rosado L, Wilson JB, Kutlar A, Hu H, Huisman TH. Hb Himeji or alpha 2 beta 2(140)(H18)Ala----Asp in a Portuguese family. Hemoglobin 1989; 13:411-5. [PMID: 2753739 DOI: 10.3109/03630268909003404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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895
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Bird AR, Elliott T, Wilson JB, Webber BB, Hu H, Kutlar A, Kutlar F, Huisman TH. Two rare unstable beta chain variants, Hb Mozhaisk or alpha 2 beta 292(F8)His----Arg and Hb Djelfa or alpha 2 beta 298(Fg5)Val----Ala, each being observed for the second time. Hemoglobin 1989; 13:193-7. [PMID: 2737917 DOI: 10.3109/03630268908998072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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896
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Villegas A, Martín G, Wilson JB, Webber BB, Hu H, Kutlar A, Kutlar F, Huisman TH. Hb Extremadura or alpha 2 beta 2133 (H11)Val----Leu, a new mildly unstable hemoglobin in a Spanish female. Hemoglobin 1989; 13:505-8. [PMID: 2599886 DOI: 10.3109/03630268908998090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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897
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Diwan BA, Nims RW, Ward JM, Hu H, Lubet RA, Rice JM. Tumor promoting activities of ethylphenylacetylurea and diethylacetylurea, the ring hydrolysis products of barbiturate tumor promoters phenobarbital and barbital, in rat liver and kidney initiated by N-nitrosodiethylamine. Carcinogenesis 1989; 10:189-94. [PMID: 2910522 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/10.1.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ring hydrolysis products of the multi-tissue tumor promoting barbiturates, phenobarbital (PB) and barbital (BB), were fed to F344/NCr male rats previously given a single initiating injection of N-nitrosodiethylamine. Ethylphenylacetylurea (EPAU) and diethylacetylurea (EEAU), derived, respectively, from PB and BB, both promoted development of hepatocellular adenomas, but were much weaker in this respect than PB. Both acetylureas were also selective inducers of P-450IIB1-mediated benzyloxyresorufin O-dealkylase activity, but both were much less potent inducers than PB. Neither EPAU nor EEAU had an effect on tumor development in the thyroid, unlike both PB and, as shown previously, BB. EEAU, but not EPAU, strongly promoted development of renal cortical epithelial tumors. The opening of the barbiturate heterocyclic ring and the subsequent decarboxylation to yield the dialkylacetylurea analogs thus resulted in compounds displaying a marked reduction in liver tumor promoting activity. EEAU appears to possess an ability to promote renal neoplasms similar to that of its parent compound, BB. Ring opening appears to be accompanied by loss of promoting activity for thyroid follicular epithelium.
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898
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Jogessar VB, Westermeyer K, Webber BB, Wilson JB, Hu H, Gonzalez-Redondo JM, Kutlar A, Huisman TH. Hb natal or alpha 2(minus Tyr-Arg) beta 2: a high oxygen affinity alpha chain variant with a deleted carboxy-terminus resulting from a TAC----TAA (Tyr----terminating codon) mutation in codon alpha 140. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1988; 951:36-41. [PMID: 3191134 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(88)90022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The discovery is reported of a fast-moving alpha chain variant (Hb Natal) which is characterized by a shortened alpha polypeptide chain because of the deletion of the Tyr-Arg carboxy-terminal residues. Through amplification of appropriate segments of DNA and hybridization with synthetic oligonucleotide probes, it was possible to detect a C----A mutation in codon 140 of the alpha 2 globin gene, which causes a change in the codon for tyrosine to a terminating codon. Hb Natal or alpha 2 (minus Tyr-Arg) beta 2 has a high affinity for oxygen without a Bohr effect and heme-heme interaction. These results provide direct evidence for the importance of the tyrosine residue at alpha 140 in the oxygenation-deoxygenation process.
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899
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Beris P, Miescher PA, Diaz-Chico JC, Han IS, Kutlar A, Hu H, Wilson JB, Huisman TH. Inclusion body beta-thalassemia trait in a Swiss family is caused by an abnormal hemoglobin (Geneva) with an altered and extended beta chain carboxy-terminus due to a modification in codon beta 114. Blood 1988; 72:801-5. [PMID: 3401599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have analyzed the sequence of the beta globin gene of a chromosome that is linked to the occurrence of an inclusion body beta-thalassemia characterized in the heterozygote by moderate anemia, severe red cell abnormalities, splenomegaly, inclusion body formation, elevated Hb A2 levels, and an increased in vitro alpha/beta chain synthetic ratio. The data indicate a change in codon 114 from CTG (Leu) to -GG that resulted in a frameshift and the presumed synthesis of an abnormal beta chain that is 156 residues long with a completely different C-terminal amino acid sequence. The change in codon 114 gives a -GGGCCC- sequence that creates a new ApaI site; the resulting 2.6-kilobase fragment has been observed in all subjects with this thalassemia condition. Protein structural analyses failed to demonstrate any trace of the abnormal beta chain, even in reticulocytes and nucleated red cells that were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. The inclusion bodies appear to contain mainly normal alpha chains. It is assumed that the structure of the beta-Geneva chain prevents it from combining with normal alpha chains; this results in a rapid breakdown of the abnormal protein during the early stages of red cell maturation and an accumulation of free alpha chains.
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900
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Hu H, Rao JK, Prasad C, Jayaraman A. Distribution pattern of cell bodies and fibers with neurotensin-like immunoreactivity in the cat hypothalamus. J Comp Neurol 1988; 272:269-79. [PMID: 3397408 DOI: 10.1002/cne.902720209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neurotensin is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Extensive radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemical studies in rats show that the neurotensin immunoreactive perikarya and fibers are most prominent in the hypothalamus. Radioimmunoassay studies have suggested that the levels of neurotensin in the hypothalamus of cats may be six times higher than that of rats. We studied the distribution pattern of neurotensin immunoreactivity within the hypothalamus of the cat by avidin-biotin modification immunohistochemical methods: (1) to define its distribution pattern within the hypothalamus, and (2) to compare our findings with the patterns that have been described in rats. Results show that neurotensin immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers are most prominent in the rostral and intermediate regions of the cat hypothalamus. Cell bodies with neurotensin-like immunoreactivity are seen maximally in the medial preoptic region, the infundibular nucleus, and the lateral hypothalamus. The neurotensin positive fibers are dense in the periventricular regions of the entire rostro-caudal extent of the hypothalamus. This pattern of distribution of neurotensin immunoreactivity is similar to that described in rats. The suprachiasmatic nuclei of the cat hypothalamus, however, contained a significant number of neurotensin immunoreactive cell bodies, an observation not noted in the rat hypothalamus. The neurotensin immunoreactive neurons were more numerous in the lateral hypothalamus than has been reported in rats, but the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in cats contained fewer neurotensin immunoreactive perikarya. The presence of neurotensin immunoreactive perikarya in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the apparent increase in the number of neurotensin immunoreactive neurons in the lateral hypothalamus may account for the increased levels of neurotensin reported in cats. Neurotensin has been speculated to play a role in nociception, thermoregulation, and control of arterial pressure by acting as a hormone or a neurotransmitter. Details of the pattern of colocalization of neurotensin with that of other neuropeptides and neurotransmitters will aid in our understanding of its role in these functions.
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