Association of IL1R2 rs34043159 with sporadic Alzheimer's disease in southern Han Chinese

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between IL1R2 rs34043159 and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the Chinese population.

METHODS

A total of 500 AD patients and 500 healthy controls were recruited. The SNaPshot technique was used to detect IL1R2 rs34043159.

RESULTS

The dominant and recessive models of IL1R2 rs34043159 were associated with AD with or without adjustment of age, gender and education [dominant model, P = 0.019, odds ratio (OR) 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-1.89, adjusted; recessive model, P = 0.011, OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.51-0.92, adjusted]. The recessive model of IL1R2 rs34043159 was associated with early-onset AD (EOAD) with or without adjustment of age, gender and education (recessive model, P = 0.038, OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.37-0.97, adjusted). The additive model was associated with late-onset AD (LOAD) (P = 0.041). The dominant model of IL1R2 rs34043159 was associated with LOAD with or without adjustment of age, gender and education (dominant model, P = 0.005, OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.17-2.44, adjusted).

CONCLUSION

An association between the dominant and recessive model of IL1R2 rs34043159 and AD was found. The recessive model of IL1R2 rs34043159 was associated with EOAD. The additive and dominant models of IL1R2 rs34043159 were associated with LOAD.

Identification of human temporomandibular joint fibrocartilage stem cells with distinct chondrogenic capacity

OBJECTIVE

This study was aimed to identify the residence of human fibrocartilage stem cells (hFCSCs), characterize their stem cell properties and investigate the functional mechanisms which regulate fibrocartilage stem cells (FCSCs) toward chondrogenic differentiation during cartilage homeostasis and repairing.

METHODS

Cytological characteristics of hFCSCs and human orofacial mesenchymal stem cells (hOFMSCs) were analyzed. Chondrogenic potential of hFCSCs was compared with hOFMSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Regulatory role of SOX9 during FCSCs chondrogenesis was studied by shRNA interference in vitro, and by GFP⁺ FCSCs treatment in rat condylar cartilage defect model. SOX9 expression was also examined in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) patients' cartilage surface.

RESULTS

hFCSCs exhibited typical mesenchymal stem cell characteristics, with significantly stronger chondrogenic capability compared to hOFMSCs. Moreover, hFCSCs showed remarkably increased expression of SOX9. During cartilage pellet culture, there was stronger SOX9 expression in hFCSCs than hOFMSCs. SOX9 shRNA interference downregulated chondrogenic capability of hFCSCs in vitro, as well as disrupting migration and chondrogenic differentiation of GFP⁺ FCSCs toward mature chondrocytes in rat condylar cartilage defect. Of note, SOX9 expression was also found suppressed in the condylar superficial zone of TMJOA patients.

CONCLUSION

We found the existence of FCSCs in human TMJ cartilage, and characterized their distinct stem cell features. SOX9 is essential for hFCSCs chondrogenic differentiation, and a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory role of SOX9 in hFCSCs would be important for exploring potential intervention strategy of condylar cartilage degradation during TMJ disorders.

0682 Evaluation Of An Incentive-based Intervention To Improve 90-day Adherence In Pap-naive Patients

Introduction

Although PAP therapy is the gold standard treatment for obstructive sleep apnea, adherence to treatment is suboptimal. Without sustained therapy adherence, patients are at risk of serious negative health outcomes. The objective of this study was to test whether a digitally delivered monetary and social reward program helped patients new to PAP therapy. Financial incentive schemes are effective in helping patients adhere to difficult medication or therapy plans. Additionally, there is an abundance of evidence that social support is a critical component to long-term health behavior change.

Methods

This prospective, randomized, single site pilot is evaluating the effectiveness of an app-based intervention in helping patients adhere to PAP therapy. The financial incentive design leverages loss aversion, and the social incentive design leverages the strength of close ties and variable reinforcement. The primary endpoint is mean PAP usage at 3 months. Secondary endpoints include Medicare compliance, change in functional status, and baseline scores of perceived disease severity, claustrophobia, coping skills, and health literacy as moderators of the intervention’s effectiveness. Study recruitment is ongoing, with an expected sample size of 150 subjects.

Results

Of the 132 subjects enrolled, 56% are male, 61% are Caucasian, and 65% are married. The mean age is 49.6 ± 12.0 years and mean BMI is 32.4 ± 8.4 kg/m2. Additional demographics such as income level, education level, and number of children along with the primary and secondary endpoints will be presented. A subgroup analysis of the primary endpoint will be generated for subjects identified as strugglers within the first 3 days of usage.

Conclusion

The results of this study will provide insight into methods such as financial and social incentives delivered via a smartphone on initial compliance with PAP therapy, as well as provide more information on the behavioral change associated with beginning PAP therapy.

Support

ResMed

0126 Local Slow Wave Sleep and Post-Stroke Brain Repair

Introduction

Recent evidence suggests that slow wave sleep (SWS) is important for synaptic plasticity and brain repair following stroke. Previous studies described a progressive increase in whole cortex and contralesional regional delta power during sleep after stroke, suggesting a global increase in SWS. However, these studies did not distinguish between the effects of global vs. local SWS. We hypothesized that local changes in SWS delta power would parallel changes in the functional remapping and circuit repair.

Methods

To study SWS in living mice we used Thy-1-GCaMP6f mice (n=12), serially imaged (baseline, 24 hours, weeks 1, 4,) during sleep following photothrombotic stroke of the left forepaw somatosensory cortex (S1FP). An optical fluorescence imaging system (OFI) was used to image whole-cortex neuronal activity. The evolution of local delta activity was compared across three ROIs: 1) infarct, 2) perilesional remapped, and 3) perilesional non-remapped left.

Results

The photothrombotic infarct encompassed the left S1FP stimulus map, resulting in significant attenuation of S1FP evoked responses at week 1; however, a small region of activation was retained in posterior left S1FP (peri-lesional remapped). The infarct region demonstrated a decrease in delta power during sleep; however, the perilesional region of future remapping exhibited a rebound in focal delta power at 1 week after an initial decline at 24 hours. In the perilesional non-remapped area delta power decreased, but did not increase until week 4. We also observed an early wide-spread increase in delta power at 24 hours and week 1 that decreased on week 4.

Conclusion

With the high spatial resolution of OFI, we find that SWS is disrupted throughout the brain following focal ischemia. These data suggest that local SWS selectively increases in the region of remapping prior to repair of that circuit and that local SWS may play a role in brain repair following stroke.

Support

AASM Foundation #183-PA-18, #201-BS-18

[Epidemiological investigation on clinical characteristics of 801 inpatients with chronic wounds]

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of 801 inpatients with chronic wounds. Methods: The medical records of patients with chronic wounds who were admitted to the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA (hereinafter referred to as the author's unit) from January 2013 to December 2017, including gender, occupation, wound type, age, department distribution, recovery status, recovery time, hospitalization time, hospitalization cost, treatment method, clinical outcome, and medical expenses were retrospectively analyzed. Data were statistically analyzed with chi-square test, Fisher's exact probability test, and Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results: Of 245 037 inpatients admitted to the author's unit within 5 years, 801 (3.3‰) patients with chronic wounds met the inclusion criteria. The composition ratio of chronic wound patients during the 5 years was 2.4‰ (106/44 230)-3.9‰ (191/49 342). Among chronic wound patients, there were 527 males and 274 females, with manual labor, retired, and unemployed patients accounted for a large proportion. The main type of chronic wound was unhealed wound after surgery, accounting for 28.2% (226/801), followed by diabetic wound, accounting for 22.7% (182/801) and traumatic wound, accounting for 16.5% (132/801). There was statistically significant difference in gender distribution of patients with different types of chronic wounds (χ(2)=28.236, P<0.05). The main types of wound in male patients were unhealed wound after surgery, diabetic wound, and traumatic wound, while the main types of wound in female patients were diabetic wound and unhealed wound after surgery. There was statistically significant difference in the age group distribution of patients with different types of chronic wounds (P<0.01). Patients aged 41-60 years had a high incidence of unhealed wound after surgery and traumatic wound, and patients aged 61-80 years had a high incidence of diabetic wound. Patients with chronic wounds in department of orthopedics had the highest recovery rate, followed by comprehensive department. There were statistically significant differences in hospitalization time and hospitalization cost of patients with chronic wounds admitted to different departments (χ(2)=47.390, 107.390, P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in cure status and cure time of patients with chronic wounds admitted to different departments (χ(2)=7.163, 15.510, P>0.05). Patients treated with surgery in combination with drug had higher recovery rates than patients given other treatment methods. There was no statistically significant difference in the cure rate of patients with different treatment methods (χ(2)=7.600, P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in cure time, hospitalization cost, and hospitalization time of patients given different treatment methods (χ(2)=38.067, 130.520, 130.890, P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in hospitalization cost and hospitalization time of patients with different clinical outcomes (χ(2)=2.070, 5.790, P>0.05). The total medical cost of 801 patients with chronic wounds was about 47 million yuan, of which the total hospitalization cost per capita was 50, 725 yuan, with a minimum of 1 164 yuan and a maximum of about 1.16 million yuan per capita, and with drug and materials costs accounted for high proportions of the total cost. Conclusions: Patients with chronic wounds in the author's unit are mainly physical labor and middle-aged and elderly people, with more male patients than female patients. The main type of wound is unhealed wound after surgery, which brings serious economic burden to the patients and the society. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the public knowledge about chronic wounds and improve the awareness of prevention and treatment.

Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of antipseudomonal bacteriophage therapy in rats: a proof-of-concept study

OBJECTIVES

Pan-drug-resistant (PDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the three top-priority pathogens identified by the WHO, and bacteriophages have been investigated as an alternative therapy. However, knowledge on the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of phage therapy is sparse, limiting its clinical applications. This study aimed to evaluate the PK/PD of the antipseudomonal phage øPEV20 in vivo following intravenous administration.

METHODS

Healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were given øPEV20 as a single intravenous bolus of ~6, 9 and 11-log₁₀PFU/rat. Arterial blood was sampled over 72 h. At 72 h, the animals were killed and multiple tissues were harvested for biodistribution studies. A PK model was developed using the importance sampling algorithm and deterministic simulations with a PD model were performed.

RESULTS

A three-compartment model with non-linear clearance described the exposure of øPEV20 in blood. Model evaluation indicated that the model was robust and parameter estimates were accurate. The median (standard error) values of model-predicted PK parameters for V_C, V_P1, V_P2, Q₁, Q₂, V_m and K_m were 111 mL/rat (8.5%), 128 mL/rat (4.97%), 180 mL/rat (4.59%), 30.4 mL/h/rat (19.2%), 538 mL/h/rat (4.97%), 4.39 × 10¹⁰ PFU/h/rat (10.2%) and 1.64 × 10⁷ PFU/mL/rat (3.6%), respectively. The distribution of øPEV20 was not homogeneous; there was preferential accumulation in the liver and spleen. Deterministic simulations with a PD model confirmed the importance of the host immune system in facilitating phage-mediated bacterial elimination.

CONCLUSIONS

We developed a robust PK model to describe the disposition of phages in healthy rats. This model may have significant potential in facilitating future preclinical and clinical PK/PD investigations.

[AMG-102 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells by regulating c-Met/PI3K/Akt pathway]

Objective: To investigate the effects of c-Met inhibitor AMG-102 on the proliferation and apoptosis of laryngeal squamous carcinoma Hep-2 cells and the underlying mechanism. Methods: Laryngeal squamous carcinoma cell line Hep-2 cells were treated with 2.5, 5 and 10 μmol/L AMG-102, respectively. The proliferation activities of Hep-2 cells were detected by 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT). The apoptotic rate of Hep-2 cells was detected by flow cytometry analysis and Hoechst staining. The mRNA expression levels of apoptosis-related genes were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase Chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and the protein expressions of c-Met/PI3K/AKT pathway were detected by western blot. Results: Compared with the control group, the proliferation rates of Hep-2 cells treated with 2.5, 5 and 10 μmol/L AMG-102 for 24 hours were (89.8±1.1)%, (79.8±1.0)% and (69.1±1.2)%, respectively; for 48 hours were (76.8±2.0)%, (60.2±1.1)% and (49.8±1.2)%, respectively; for 72 hours were (50.1±2.0)%, (41.5±1.1)% and (33.6±1.0), respectively, with significant differences (all P<0.05). The apoptotic rates of Hep-2 cells treated with 2.5, 5 and 10 μmol/L AMG-102 for 48 hours were (16.09±1.53)%, (27.51±2.02)% and (36.57±1.42)%, respectively, which were significantly higher than (3.62±0.10) % in the control group (all P<0.05). After treated with 2.5, 5 and 10 μmol/L AMG-102 for 48 hours, the relative expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA in Hep-2 cells were 0.58±0.13, 0.38±0.12 and 0.20±0.13, respectively; the relative protein expression of p-Met were 80.0±3.8, 50.6±4.2 and 28.5±1.3, respectively; the relative protein expression of p-PI3K were 87.1±0.9, 54.2±1.2 and 21.0±1.2, respectively; the relative protein expression of p-AKT were 98.7±5.6, 56.9±3.2 and 32.2±4.3, respectively; which were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The relative expression levels of Bax mRNA were 1.78±0.13, 2.37±0.14 and 3.05±0.13, respectively, and the relative expression levels of caspase-3 mRNA were 1.98±0.14, 2.47±0.14 and 3.15±0.13, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion: c-Met inhibitor AMG-102 could inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of laryngeal squamous carcinoma Hep-2 cells by regulating the c-Met/PI3K/Akt pathway.

[Disparity of minnesota multiphasic personality inventory between positions and its relationship with job burnout in a general hospital]

Objective: To explore the difference of personality characteristics of physicians, nurses, medical skills and administrative personnel in a general hospital and its influence on job burnout. Methods: Employee entered the hospital before 2018 were enrolled in the current study and the position was classified as physicians, nurses, medical technician and administrative staff. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was completed by the employee at the time of entering the hospital. Status of job burnout was assessed in 2018 using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) . Results: Physicians have a higher rate of paranoia than others (P<0.05) , and administrative staff and medical technician have a slightly higher score than the other two categories of people (P<0.05) , and administrators lie at a higher rate than others (P<0.05) . Further analysis found that personality traits did not have a significant association with job burnout at the time of entry. Conclusion: The administrative and medical staff is slightly more irritable, the administrative staff lying slightly higher score, the staff after the entry of job burnout is not affected by the personality characteristics of the onboarding.

[Effect of c-Met inhibitor AMG-102 on radiosensitivity in laryngeal squamous carcinoma cells]

Objective: To investigate the effect of c-Met inhibitor AMG-102 on proliferation and radiosensitivity in laryngeal squamous carcinoma cells. Methods: The effects of AMG-102 on proliferation and radiosensitivity of laryngeal squamous carcinoma cell lines Hep-2 and KBV200 were detected by 3-(4, 5-dimethy-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and colony formation assay, respectively. The apoptosis of Hep-2 and KBV200 cells was detected by flow cytometry. The expression levels of c-Met, phospho-Met (p-Met), cleaved caspase-3 and Akt/p-Akt, Erk/p-Erk were detected by Western blot. Specific small interfering RNA targeting c-Met or plasmid of c-Met were transfected into Hep-2 and KBV200 cells to investigate the cell sensitivity to AMG-102. Results: Compared with KBV200 cells, Hep-2 cells were more sensitive to AMG-102 with IC(50) of 14 and 9 μmol/L, respectively. The relative expression levels of c-Met and p-Met proteins in Hep-2 cells were 194.48±0.57 and 177.76±1.53, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in KBV200 cells (171.24±1.00 and 115.37±0.56, respectively, P<0.001 for both). Exogenous hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was added to increase the expression level of p-Met protein in KBV200 cells. The results showed that AMG-102 significantly reduced the expression of p-Met in KBV200 cells treated with HGF (P<0.001). Compared with the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group, AMG-102 treatment combined with radiotherapy significantly increased the radiosensitivity of Hep-2 cells (SER=1.28, P<0.001). However, AMG-102 had little effect on the radiosensitivity of KBV200 cells (SER=1.18, P=0.002). Compared with the 4 Gy radiotherapy alone group and the 5 μmol/L of AMG-102 alone treatment group, the apoptosis rate of Hep-2 cells in the combined treatment group was significantly increased. Meanwhile, the expression level of cleaved caspase-3 protein was also markedly increased. However, there were no significant changes in the apoptotic rate and cleaved caspase-3 expression in each treatment group of KBV200 cells. Compared with DMSO treatment group, the expression levels of p-Met, p-Akt and p-Erk were significantly decreased in the 4 Gy radiotherapy group, 5 μmol/L of AMG-102 treatment group and combined treatment group of Hep-2 cells. And the levels of p-Met, p-Akt and p-Erk in the combined treatment group were significantly lower than those in the 4 Gy radiotherapy alone group and 5 μmol/L of AMG-102 treatment alone group. By contrast, in KBV200 cells, the expression of p-Met, p-Akt and p-Erk in each group was not changed. The relative expression of p-Met in Hep-2 cells before and after radiotherapy at 30 min, 1 h, 4 h, 8 h, 24 h were 99.89±0.61, 138.62±1.00, 163.07±5.00, 87.80±1.85, 90.67±0.65 and 94.09±1.41, respectively. The level of p-Met was slightly increased after radiotherapy at 30 min and 1 h (P<0.001 for all), whereas it was significantly decreased from 4 h to 24 h after radiotherapy (P<0.05 for all). By contrast, the expression of p-Met in KBV200 cells did not change with time after radiotherapy (P>0.05). The sensitivity of Hep-2 cells to AMG-102 was decreased after silencing of c-Met, while the sensitivity of KBV200 cells to AMG-102 was not significantly changed (P>0.05). Moreover, the radiosensitivity of Hep-2 cells in c-Met knockdown group had a slightly increasing trend (SER=1.07, P=0.068). After the treatment with 10 μmol/L of AMG-102, the proliferation rate of c-Met ectopically expressed KBV200 cells was 60.05%±3.23%, It was significantly lower than that of the blank control 90.08%±1.04% and siRNA negative control (90.12%±1.01%, P<0.001). The results suggested that the overexpression of c-Met in KBV200 cells increased the radiosensitivity to AMG-102, whereas depletion of c-Met resulted in resistance to AMG-102 in Hep-2 cells. Furthermore, the radiosensitivity of KBV200 cells that overexpressed c-Met showed a decreased trend (SER=0.7, P=0.005). Conclusions: c-Met inhibitor AMG-102 has a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of c-Met overexpressing laryngeal squamous carcinoma cells, leading to increased radiosensitivity. It suggests that molecular targeted therapy against c-Met receptor is more effective in c-Met overexpressed subtype of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Association between Skeletal Muscle Strength and Dysphagia among Chinese Community-Dwelling Elderly Adults

OBJECTIVES

Swallowing disorder is a health burden for the elderly in China. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of dysphagia and to test the association between skeletal muscle strength and swallowing problems among community-dwelling older adults.

DESIGN

A cross-sectional study.

SETTING

Community-dwelling Chinese elderly in China.

PARTICIPANTS

3361 adults aged 65 years or above were involved, among which 1740 (51.8%) were female, with average age of 72.64 (Standard deviation, SD=6.10) years old.

MEASUREMENTS

Handgrip strength (HGS) was used to evaluate skeletal muscle strength. Dysphagia assessment was performed using the Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10) and the 30mL water swallow test (WST). Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between skeletal muscle strength and dysphagia, and covariates as age, gender, material status, etc. were adjusted.

RESULTS

The prevalence of dysphagia were 5.5% and 12.9%, screened by EAT-10 and 30mL WST respectively. Participants with dysphagia showed lower HGS (21.73 ± 9.20 vs. 25.66 ± 11.32, p<0.001, by EAT-10; 20.26 ± 9.88 vs. 26.22 ± 11.28, p<0.001, by WST). The adjusted model suggested that muscle strength is a protective factor for swallowing disorders (adjusted OR=0.974, 95%CI: 0.950-0.999, by EAT-10; adjusted OR=0.952, 95%CI: 0.933-0.972, by WST). Subgroup analyses of WST found the effects were significant among participants aged in 70-74 years group and ≥75 years group, rather than those aged under 70.

CONCLUSION

Dysphagia was significantly associated with skeletal muscle strength among the community-dwelling elderly population. Effective interventions should be taken to manage the decline of muscle strength for the older adults, especially early prevention before 70 years old.

The Authentic Moral Self: Dynamic Interplay between Perceived Authenticity and Moral Behaviors in the Workplace

Authentic experiences are deeply tied to human existential concerns and have implications for psychological well-being and optimal functioning. Importantly, previous studies suggest a mutually reinforcing relationship between authenticity and moral behaviors. The current research aims to extend this line of research to work-specific contexts. We found, among two U.S. samples that (a) perceiving oneself as having behaved morally prompted feelings of authenticity at work (Study 1), (b) people who tried to be authentic (vs. be realistic or rational) were less willing to engage in immoral behaviors at workplace (Study 2), and among a Chinese sample that (c) daily fluctuations in morality and authenticity covaried with each other, both contributing positively to job satisfaction and meaning in work (Study 3). Together, the findings demonstrate a bidirectional relationship between moral behaviors and authenticity in the workplace.

Vacuolar protein sorting 4 is required for silkworm metamorphosis

Vacuolar protein sorting 4 (Vps4) not only functions with its positive regulator vacuolar protein sorting 20-associated 1 (Vta1) in the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway but also participates alone in MVB-unrelated cellular processes. However, its physiological roles at the organism level remain rarely explored. We previously identified their respective homologues Bombyx mori Vps4 (BmVps4) and BmVta1 from the silkworm, a model organism for insect research. In this study, we performed fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot to globally characterize the transcription and protein expression profiles of BmVps4 and BmVta1 during silkworm development and in different silkworm tissues and organs. The results showed that they were significantly up-regulated in metamorphosis, adulthood and embryogenesis relative to larval stages, and displayed a roughly similar tissue-and-organ specificity for transcriptions in silkworm larvae. Importantly, BmVps4 was down-regulated during the early period of the fifth instar, reaching the lowest level of transcription on Day 6, then up-regulated from Day 7 to the wandering, spinning and pupal stages, and down-regulated again in adulthood. Moreover, knocking down BmVps4 by RNA interference significantly inhibited silk gland growth, shortened spinning time, prolonged pupation, reduced pupal size and weight, and increased moth wing defects. Together, our data demonstrate the critical and broad requirements for BmVps4 in silkworm metamorphosis.

Ti n+1C n MXenes with fully saturated and thermally stable Cl terminations

MXenes are a rapidly growing family of 2D materials that exhibit a highly versatile structure and composition, allowing for significant tuning of the materials properties. These properties are, however, ultimately limited by the surface terminations, which are typically a mixture of species, including F and O that are inherent to the MXene processing. Other and robust terminations are lacking. Here, we apply high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), corresponding image simulations and first-principles calculations to investigate the surface terminations on MXenes synthesized from MAX phases through Lewis acidic melts. The results show that atomic Cl terminates the synthesized MXenes, with mere residual presence of other termination species. Furthermore, in situ STEM-electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) heating experiments show that the Cl terminations are stable up to 750 °C. Thus, we present an attractive new termination that widely expands the MXenes' functionalization space and enables new applications.

[Application of three semi-quantitative risk assessment methods in electroplating enterprises]

Objective: To apply the semi-quantitative risk assessment model in the Technical Guidelines for Occupational Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Hazardous Factors in the Workplace to assess the occupational health risk of electroplating enterprises and explore its applicable conditions and characteristics. Methods: Three electroplating enterprises were selected as the research objects. Occupational hygiene survey and hazard factor detection were conducted on the spot. Three semi-quantitative risk assessment methods were used to assess the risk, and the evaluation results were compared. Results: The consistency between the contact index method and the comprehensive index method was strong. The weighted Kappa value was 0.946 and the P value was less than 0.001, but the consistency between the contact ratio method, the contact index method and the comprehensive index method was poor. The weighted Kappa value was 0.345 and 0.391, and the P value was 0.009 and 0.004, respectively. When the contact concentration is less than 50% OELs, the evaluation results of the contact ratio method are lower than those of the exponential method and the comprehensive exponential method. The consistency of the three methods was the highest when the contact concentration (>50%) and (<OELs). When the contact concentration >OELs, the results of the contact ratio method are higher than those of the index method and the comprehensive index method. Conclusion: Contact ratio method is suitable for occupational health risk assessment under the condition of incomplete occupational health information and for enterprise managers to identify key control points of health risk through self-assessment; Contact index method is suitable for hazard risk assessment of occupational hazards without sampling test conditions or OELs, and pre-assessment of occupational hazards of construction projects without access to analogical test data. The index method is suitable for occupational health risk assessment with available testing data and complete occupational health information.

Whole-genome SNP data unravel population structure and signatures of selection for black plumage of indigenous chicken breeds from Jiangxi province, China

Ten indigenous chicken breeds were originally distributed in Jiangxi Province, China, and they define a critical component of Chinese chicken genetic resources. We have investigated the population genetics of seven Jiangxi chicken breeds using 600K chicken BeadChip SNP data. To provide a genome-wide perspective for the population structure of all 10 Jiangxi chicken breeds, we herein genotyped 78 additional individuals from the seven breeds and 63 chickens from three uninvestigated breeds-Yugan Black (YG), Nancheng Black (NC) and Wanzai Yellow using 55K chicken SNP arrays. We then explored merged data of 17 101 SNPs from 235 individuals to infer the population structure of the 10 breeds. We showed that NC and YG are two regional populations of the same breed, as individuals from the two populations clustered together to form a branch separate from the other breeds in the neighbor-joining tree, they always grouped together in multidimensional principal component analyses and they displayed an identical pattern of ancestral lineage composition. Hence, NC and YG should be considered a single breed in the state-supported conservation scheme. Moreover, we conducted a genome scan for signatures of selection for black plumage. bayescan and hapflk analyses of two contrasting groups (three black-feathered breeds vs. six non-black-feathered breeds) consistently detected 25 putative regions under selection. Nine pigmentation- associated genes (DCT, SLC24A5, SLC30A4, MYO5A, CYP19A1, NADK2, SLC45A2, GNAQ and DCP2) reside within these regions, and these genes are interesting candidates for black plumage and provide a starting point for further identification of causative mutations for black feathers in chicken.

Anti-α-enolase antibody combined with β2 microglobulin evaluated the incidence of nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus patients

OBJECTIVE

Anti-α-enolase antibody (Ab) combined with β2 microglobulin (β2-MG) were investigated to predict the incidence of nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.

METHODS

Levels of serum anti-α-enolase Ab and urinary β2-MG were detected in 115 SLE patients, 29 SLE patients with nephritis and 70 healthy controls by ELISA and immunoturbidimetry, respectively. Furthermore, the correlation between anti-α-enolase Ab combined with β2-MG and the incidence of nephritis in SLE patients was evaluated by correlation analysis.

RESULTS

The optical density value of serum anti-α-enolase Ab in SLE patients with nephritis (0.84) was greatly increased compared with SLE patients (0.76) or healthy controls (0.54). Moreover, the levels of urinary β2-MG in SLE patients with nephritis (6.75 mg/L) were increased compared with SLE patients (3.45 mg/L) or healthy controls (1.48 mg/L). There was a positive correlation between the level of anti-α-enolase Ab and β2-MG ( r = 0.754). Furthermore, anti-α-enolase Ab combined with β2-MG for evaluating the incidence of nephritis in SLE patients had the best assessment of the effectiveness (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC): 92.7%) compared with only anti-α-enolase Ab (AUC: 80.9%) or β2-MG (AUC: 84.5%).

CONCLUSION

These data suggested that anti-α-enolase Ab may be a potential indicator for the prediction of nephritis in SLE patients.

[Induction of specific CD8(+) T cells against hepatocellular carcinoma-associated neoantigens]

Objective: To predict the tumor neoantigen peptides in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and examine their specific immune effects against the tumor cells without injury to normal cells. Methods: The data of whole-genome sequencing and exome sequencing of HCC tumor and matched non-tumor liver tissues were analyzed to confirm the HCC-associated somatic mutations. Based on the HLA phenotype of the patients, we used NetMHC software to predict the neoantigen epitopes with high binding affinity to their MHC-I molecules. The predicted peptides with mutation sites included were synthesized. GPL10687 platform was applied to examine the gene expression difference between tumor and normal tissues of the selected genes in GSE25097, one of the GEO databases. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to confirm the expressions in tumors and normal tissues of the selected genes. By using the predicted peptides, we induced the generation of antigen-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and examined their specific effects against tumor cells. Results: The mutation frequency of TP53 (tumor protein p53) was 40%, and LAMA3 (Laminin Subunit Alpha 3) was 8% in the analyzed HCC tissues. In GSE25097 database, TP53 and LAMA3 mRNA levels in tumors were 1.57±0.02 and 1.37±0.10, which were significantly increased than those in matched no-tumor tissue (0.54±0.01 and 0.36±0.01, P<0.05). The differences of expression levels of TP53 and LAMA3 in tumor and no-tumor tissues were validated by using qRT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry in 10 HCC tissues. The mRNA levels of TP53 and LAMA3 in tumors were 0.24±0.03 and 0.13±0.06, which were significantly elevated than those in matched no-tumor tissue (0.11±0.01 and 0.01±0.01, P<0.05). Among the Chinese population, HLA-A2 and HLA-A11 and HLA-A24 accounted for 70%, representing the major MHC-I molecules. The CTLs induced by predicted peptides showed cytotoxicity to the targets pulsed with mutated peptide, with no effect on the target pulsed with normal peptide and on normal cells. Conclusions: TP53 and LAMA3 existed relative higher mutation frequency in HCC, and expressed higher in tumor tissues. The induced CTLs by predicted peptides derived from mutation-associated protein could specific kill the target cells without injury to normal cells.

The potential markers of endocrine resistance among HR+ /HER2+ breast cancer patients

PURPOSE

Breast cancer with positive hormone receptor (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) is a special subgroup with different clinical features and survival, especially the endocrine therapy resistance. The main purpose of the study is to find the potential markers to predict the survival and endocrine therapy resistance of patients with HR+ /HER2+ breast cancer.

METHODS

Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to collect patients' clinical information and tumor features including age, tumor size, grade, stage and long-term survival; the BioPortal for Cancer Genomics (https://cbioportal.org) was used to download the gene data for specific patient group; cluster analyses of gene expression were conducted through the DAVID Bioinformatics Resources 6.8 software.

RESULTS

All of the included patients were diagnosed as HR positive breast cancer, but the PR positive rates were more common in HER2- group and also the ER+ /PR+ disease. Patients in HR+ /HER2+ group were more likely to present as stage III-IV and grade III disease. Among HR+ /HER2+ patients, 68.6% received chemotherapy, while only 28.9% in HR+ /HER2- group received chemotherapy (P < 0.0001). The survival of HR+ /HER2+ group was poorer. From TCGA database, series genes which were differed between HR+ /HER2+ and HR+ /HER2- were screened out that related to ERBB2 closely: IKZF3, LASP1, CDK12, MLLT6, and RARA. The first three candidate genes were associated with patients' survival, especially in patients who received hormone therapies.

CONCLUSION

This study analyzed the clinical characteristics and survival of patients with HR+/HER2+ breast cancer as a special subgroup. ERBB2, IKZF3, LASP1, and CDK12 were the potential markers of the resistance of endocrine therapy, and they will provide new strategies for clinicians.

A data acquisition system for HV-CMOS sensor research and development in the upgrade of ATLAS experiment

In the high luminosity Large Hadron Collider upgrade of the A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS (ATLAS) experiment in 2026, the new inner tracker detector will be installed. As a promising candidate for the outer layer of the inner tracker detector, the High Voltage CMOS (HV-CMOS) pixel sensors are being investigated by the ATLAS collaboration. A Front-End LInk eXchange (FELIX) based Data Acquisition (DAQ) system is developed for the R&D of the HV-CMOS sensors. A FELIX card with a Peripheral Component Interconnect express interface in the back-end is used to control, monitor, calibrate, and read out the front-end electronics. In the front-end, a Xilinx evaluation board ZC706 works as the interface between the back-end and the custom boards with HV-CMOS sensors and the readout Application-Specific Integrated Circuit. The DAQ system was successfully deployed for the testbeam experiment at CERN. The design of the DAQ system, the tuning of sensors, and the testbeam results will be described in details.

Observation of second sound in graphite at temperatures above 100 K

Wavelike thermal transport in solids, referred to as second sound, is an exotic phenomenon previously limited to a handful of materials at low temperatures. The rare occurrence of this effect restricted its scientific and practical importance. We directly observed second sound in graphite at temperatures above 100 kelvins by using time-resolved optical measurements of thermal transport on the micrometer-length scale. Our experimental results are in qualitative agreement with ab initio calculations that predict wavelike phonon hydrodynamics. We believe that these results potentially indicate an important role of second sound in microscale transient heat transport in two-dimensional and layered materials in a wide temperature range.

Kinetic Analysis on Thermal Decomposition of Poly(lactic acid) Toughened by Calcium Sulfate Whiskers

The biocomposites of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) involving 15 % mass fraction of calcium sulfate whiskers (CSW) were prepared via melt-blending technology, in an effort of toughening PLA and enhancing the thermal stability. The morphological structure, impact toughness, thermal stability as well as kinetic analysis on thermal decomposition for PLA/CSW composites were performed thoroughly. The results showed that CSW was organized successfully via silanization, helping to form well-bonded interfaces, and accordingly, the impact toughness increased remarkably. The thermal stability was enhanced by adding whiskers, leading to increased decomposition temperature and decreased mass conversion rate. Kinetic analysis revealed the great dispersions on the reaction order and activation energy. Though, in comparison to pure PLA, the reaction order of PLA/CSW composites increased based on calculation methods except for Carrasco's, the activation energy of the composites declined independently of the applied mathematical models, meaning that thermal decomposition of PLA phase was accelerated by the introduced CSW.

Abstract P2-07-12: A prognostic prediction nomogram (PDIDC) for breast Paget's disease with infiltrating ductal carcinoma patients: A SEER cohort analysis

Purpose

The aim of the study was to develop a specific nomogram for prediction of prognosis for breast Paget's disease with infiltrating ductal carcinoma (PD-IDC) patients.

Patients and Methods

Patients data were obtained by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program (N=2502). Study outcome was Breast Cancer Specific Survival (BCSS). Cox proportional hazards model was applied to identify risk factors and develop predictive model. For internal validation, discrimination was calculated with the concordance index (C-index) using the bootstrap method and calibration assessed.

Results

NPI classification, skin symptom, tumor site and age showed significant association with BCSS(table.1)and were used to build the PDIDC nomogram and to calculate risk score. PDIDC nomogram's C-index (0.791, 95%CI 0.783-0.818) showed better discrimination power than NPI classification (0.691, 95%CI, 0.650-0.735, P= 0.000) and AJCC staging (0.718, 95%CI, 0.695-0.741, P=0.000). Patients were divided into high-risk (1882/2502, 75.21%) and low-risk (620/2502, 24.78%) subgroups with the optimal cut-off of risk scores (4.28). The total BCSS of low-risk subgroup was 77.8% (95%CI 74.4%-81.4%) vs. 31.1% (95%CI 19.4-49.8) of high-risk group (P=0.000). Bootstrap internal validation demonstrated an average C-index of 0.739 (95% CI, 0.692-0.746). The nomogram calibration was validated to be accurate in predicting 5-year and 10-year survival.

Variable finally selected for risk predicted model.PredictorHazard RatioP Value95% CINPI classification Good1 Moderate2.170.0001.51-3.14Poor7.260.0004.96-10.63Skin symptom Without1 With1.760.0001.34-2.32Tumor site Centrally located1 Non-centrally located1.250.0421.07-1.56Age*1.010.0001.01-1.03* Continuous variable.

Conclusion

Utilizing NPI classification, skin symptom, tumor site and age, we developed the PDIDC nomogram to predict the 5-year and 10-year BCSS of breast PD-IDC patients.

Citation Format: Tan L, Chen K, Jiang WG, You N, Wang Y, Sanders A, Liang G, Liu Z, Ling Y, Zhong W, Tian Z, Gong C. A prognostic prediction nomogram (PDIDC) for breast Paget's disease with infiltrating ductal carcinoma patients: A SEER cohort analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-07-12.

[Effects of ICAT silencing in Wnt signaling pathway and NSC67657 induced cell differentiation of HL-60 cells]

目的

探讨β-catenin相关蛋白1（ICAT）沉默对Wnt信号通路及甾醇类新药NSC67657诱导HL-60细胞单核系分化的影响。

方法

NSC67657诱导HL-60细胞分化，流式细胞术检测细胞表面分化抗原CD14的表达，检测细胞分化程度；构建慢病毒LV-ICAT-RNAi载体，感染HL-60细胞，采用荧光实时定量PCR和Western blot技术检测感染前后ICAT基因和蛋白表达情况，判断干扰效果；采用免疫共沉淀技术检测β-catenin与ICAT蛋白在细胞内的相互作用；采用Western blot技术分析NSC67657诱导非感染HL-60细胞（HL-60v组）和LV-ICAT-RNAi载体感染HL-60细胞（HL-60i组）前后Wnt/β-catenin通路下游靶点Cyclin D1、TCF-1和c-Jun的表达情况；NSC67657分别作用HL-60v组和HL-60i组细胞24 h，采用瑞氏染色、透射电子显微镜、流式细胞术观察细胞分化情况。

结果

10 µmol/L NSC67657可以诱导HL-60细胞向单核系分化，连续诱导5 d后，CD14⁺细胞比例为（92.30±5.14）%；HL-60i细胞ICAT mRNA表达（0.07±0.01）明显低于HL-60v组（1.00±0.08）（P=0.002）（平均敲减效率为93.2%），Western blot结果与PCR结果一致（P=0.001）；免疫共沉淀结果显示，ICAT与β-catenin蛋白在细胞分化前后都存在相互作用，药物诱导细胞分化后两者相互作用条带吸光度明显增加。药物作用HL-60i细胞Wnt信号通路下游靶蛋白Cyclin D1、TCF-1和c-Jun表达明显高于HL-60v组，但低于非药物处理组。NSC67657作用HL-60i细胞CD14⁺细胞比例为（8.33±3.14）%，明显低于HL-60v组的（19.08±4.73）%，但仍高于非药物处理非感染HL-60细胞组（0.60±0.03）%（F=119.24，P=0.010），细胞形态和超微结果符合细胞表面分化抗原检测结论。

结论

ICAT蛋白参与了NSC67657诱导HL-60细胞的单核系分化，Wnt/β-catenin信号通路可能起到桥梁作用。

Clinical analysis of cervical lymph node metastasis risk factors in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma

PURPOSE

Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is a vital prognosis factor in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). The study tried to identify clinicopathological factors for LNM of PTMC.

METHODS

The clinicopathological data of 1031 patients with PTMC were extracted and analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify risk factors associated with cervical lymph node metastasis. ROC analysis was used to determine the ideal critical points of the sum of the maximum diameter of multifocal in a unilateral lobe.

RESULTS

The probability of LNM, central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) and lateral lymph node metastasis(LLNM)of PTMC patients were 35.6, 33.7 and 5.6%, respectively. In addition, 1.9% PTMC had LLNM only. Male, age ≤ 40 years, tumor largest diameter ≥ 5 mm, multifocal, non-uniform echoic distribution, the sum of the maximum diameter of multifocal in a unilateral lobe ≥ 8.5 mm, tumors in the lower pole location were prone to CLNM. Ultrasound mix-echo, the sum of the maximum diameter of the multifocal ≥ 10.75 mm, tumors in the upper pole location were extremely prone to LLNM. T3 were prone to LLNM or skip LLNM.

CONCLUSIONS

According to the clinicopathological characteristics of PTMC, the cervical lymph nodes should be correctly evaluated to guide the surgical treatment.