151
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Jiang X, Huang H, Li Z, Li Y, Wang X, Gurbuxani S, Chen P, He C, You D, Zhang S, Wang J, Arnovitz S, Elkahloun A, Price C, Hong GM, Ren H, Kunjamma RB, Neilly MB, Matthews JM, Xu M, Larson RA, Le Beau MM, Slany RK, Liu PP, Lu J, Zhang J, He C, Chen J. Blockade of miR-150 maturation by MLL-fusion/MYC/LIN-28 is required for MLL-associated leukemia. Cancer Cell 2012; 22:524-35. [PMID: 23079661 PMCID: PMC3480215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is under stringent regulation at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Disturbance at either level could cause dysregulation of miRNAs. Here, we show that MLL fusion proteins negatively regulate production of miR-150, an miRNA widely repressed in acute leukemia, by blocking miR-150 precursors from being processed to mature miRNAs through MYC/LIN28 functional axis. Forced expression of miR-150 dramatically inhibited leukemic cell growth and delayed MLL-fusion-mediated leukemogenesis, likely through targeting FLT3 and MYB and thereby interfering with the HOXA9/MEIS1/FLT3/MYB signaling network, which in turn caused downregulation of MYC/LIN28. Collectively, we revealed a MLL-fusion/MYC/LIN28⊣miR-150⊣FLT3/MYB/HOXA9/MEIS1 signaling circuit underlying the pathogenesis of leukemia, where miR-150 functions as a pivotal gatekeeper and its repression is required for leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jiang
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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152
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De Braekeleer E, Douet-Guilbert N, Le Bris MJ, Basinko A, Morel F, De Braekeleer M. Gene expression profiling of adult t(4;11)(q21;q23)-associated acute lymphoblastic leukemia reveals a different signature from pediatric cases. Anticancer Res 2012; 32:3893-3899. [PMID: 22993334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements involving the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) gene, located at chromosomal band 11q23, result in the generation of in-frame fusion transcripts with various partner genes from more than 60 distinct gene loci. Among them, the MLL/AFF1 (AF4/FMR2 family, member 1) fusion, associated with rearrangements between bands 4q21 and 11q23 is a recurrent event in pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Gene expression profiling (GEP) was performed for four adult patients with ALL. Their signatures were compared to those of ALL patients with a fusion gene involving c-abl oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase (ABL1). The comparison of MLL-AFF1 cases with the ABL1 group identified 477 genes being differentially expressed at the statistically significant level of p<0.05, with 296 and 181 genes up- and down-regulated, respectively, in the MLL-AFF1 cases. Three GEP studies on t(4;11)(q21;q23) focusing on the age group of the patients have been reported in the literature. Different expression profiles based on the levels of the homeobox A (HOXA) signature were identified. Although comparison between studies is difficult because of differences in the microarrays and the control samples used, our results and those from the literature suggest that cells carrying t(4;11)(q21;q23) use different pathways to lead to leukemogenesis. Therefore, t(4;11)-associated ALL could represent different biological entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne De Braekeleer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Laboratory of Histology, University of Brest, Brest, France.
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153
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Abstract
In a previous study, we demonstrated that Arabidopsis Antioxidant Protein1 (ATX1) plays an essential role in copper (Cu) homeostasis, conferring tolerance to both excess and subclinically deficient Cu. The Cu-binding motif MXCXXC was required for the physiological function of ATX1. In this study, we found that overexpression of ATX1 resulted in hypersensitivity to severe Cu deficiency despite enhancing tolerance to subclinical Cu deficiency. However, overexpression of mutated ATX1, replacing the Cu-binding motif MXCXXC with MXGXXG, abolished the hypersensitivity, for no differences from the wild type under the same conditions. Thus, the expression of ATX1 must be cautiously regulated to avoid homeostatic imbalance with the over-chelation of Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lung-Jiun Shin
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences; National Defense Medical Center; Taipei, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center; Academia Sinica; Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Yeh
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center; Academia Sinica; Taipei, Taiwan
- Correspondence to: Kuo-Chen Yeh,
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154
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Rossi JG, Bernasconi AR, Alonso CN, Rubio PL, Gallego MS, Carrara CA, Guitter MR, Eberle SE, Cocce M, Zubizarreta PA, Felice MS. Lineage switch in childhood acute leukemia: an unusual event with poor outcome. Am J Hematol 2012; 87:890-7. [PMID: 22685031 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although rarely, switches between lymphoid and myeloid lineages may occur during treatment of acute leukemias (AL). Correct diagnosis relies upon confirmation by immunophenotyping of the lineage conversion and certification that the same cytogenetic/molecular alterations remain despite the phenotypic changes. From a total of 1,482 AL pediatric patients, we report nine cases of lineage conversion (0.6%), seven from lymphoid (four Pro-B, two Pre-B, one Common) to myelo-monocytic, and two from myeloid (bilineal, with myeloid predominance) to Pro-B. Eight patients were infants. Switches were suggested by morphology and confirmed with a median of 15 days (range: 8 days-6 months) from initiation of therapy. Of note, in five cases switches occurred before day 15. Stability of the clonal abnormalities was assessed by cytogenetic, RT-PCR/Ig-TCR rearrangement studies in all patients. Abnormalities in 11q23/MLL gene were detected in seven cases. Treatment schedules were ALL (two pts), Interfant-99 (five pts) and AML (two pts) protocols. Despite changing chemotherapy according to the new lineage, all patients died. Our findings support the association of lineage switches with MLL gene alterations and the involvement of a common lymphoid B-myeloid precursor. New therapies should be designed to address these rare cases. Possible mechanisms implicated are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Cell Lineage/genetics
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Cytogenetic Analysis
- Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Histocytochemistry
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/pathology
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/mortality
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Translocation, Genetic
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge G Rossi
- Immunology and Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Argentina.
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155
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Sarid N, Eshel R, Rothman R, Shpringer M, Perry C, Solar I, Dezorella N, Gepstein L, Canaani J, Naparstek E, Polliack A, Herishanu Y. Acute myeloid leukemia with 11q23/MLL rearrangement after 'FCR' regimen for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Eur J Haematol 2012; 89:430-1. [PMID: 22816611 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
- Base Sequence
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Cyclophosphamide/adverse effects
- DNA Probes/genetics
- Gene Rearrangement
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/etiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/etiology
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/genetics
- Rituximab
- Translocation, Genetic
- Vidarabine/administration & dosage
- Vidarabine/adverse effects
- Vidarabine/analogs & derivatives
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156
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Jones WD, Dafou D, McEntagart M, Woollard WJ, Elmslie FV, Holder-Espinasse M, Irving M, Saggar AK, Smithson S, Trembath RC, Deshpande C, Simpson MA. De novo mutations in MLL cause Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 91:358-64. [PMID: 22795537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive growth of terminal hair around the elbows (hypertrichosis cubiti) has been reported both in isolation and in association with a variable spectrum of associated phenotypic features. We identified a cohort of six individuals with hypertrichosis cubiti associated with short stature, intellectual disability, and a distinctive facial appearance, consistent with a diagnosis of Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (WSS). Utilizing a whole-exome sequencing approach, we identified de novo mutations in MLL in five of the six individuals. MLL encodes a histone methyltransferase that regulates chromatin-mediated transcription through the catalysis of methylation of histone H3K4. Each of the five mutations is predicted to result in premature termination of the protein product. Furthermore, we demonstrate that transcripts arising from the mutant alleles are subject to nonsense-mediated decay. These findings define the genetic basis of WSS, provide additional evidence for the role of haploinsufficency of histone-modification enzymes in multiple-congenital-anomaly syndromes, and further illustrate the importance of the regulation of histone modification in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy D Jones
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Service, St George's Hospital, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
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157
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Sansó M, Lee KM, Viladevall L, Jacques PÉ, Pagé V, Nagy S, Racine A, St. Amour CV, Zhang C, Shokat KM, Schwer B, Robert F, Fisher RP, Tanny JC. A positive feedback loop links opposing functions of P-TEFb/Cdk9 and histone H2B ubiquitylation to regulate transcript elongation in fission yeast. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002822. [PMID: 22876190 PMCID: PMC3410854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcript elongation by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is accompanied by conserved patterns of histone modification. Whereas histone modifications have established roles in transcription initiation, their functions during elongation are not understood. Mono-ubiquitylation of histone H2B (H2Bub1) plays a key role in coordinating co-transcriptional histone modification by promoting site-specific methylation of histone H3. H2Bub1 also regulates gene expression through an unidentified, methylation-independent mechanism. Here we reveal bidirectional communication between H2Bub1 and Cdk9, the ortholog of metazoan positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Chemical and classical genetic analyses indicate that lowering Cdk9 activity or preventing phosphorylation of its substrate, the transcription processivity factor Spt5, reduces H2Bub1 in vivo. Conversely, mutations in the H2Bub1 pathway impair Cdk9 recruitment to chromatin and decrease Spt5 phosphorylation. Moreover, an Spt5 phosphorylation-site mutation, combined with deletion of the histone H3 Lys4 methyltransferase Set1, phenocopies morphologic and growth defects due to H2Bub1 loss, suggesting independent, partially redundant roles for Cdk9 and Set1 downstream of H2Bub1. Surprisingly, mutation of the histone H2B ubiquitin-acceptor residue relaxes the Cdk9 activity requirement in vivo, and cdk9 mutations suppress cell-morphology defects in H2Bub1-deficient strains. Genome-wide analyses by chromatin immunoprecipitation also demonstrate opposing effects of Cdk9 and H2Bub1 on distribution of transcribing RNAPII. Therefore, whereas mutual dependence of H2Bub1 and Spt5 phosphorylation indicates positive feedback, mutual suppression by cdk9 and H2Bub1-pathway mutations suggests antagonistic functions that must be kept in balance to regulate elongation. Loss of H2Bub1 disrupts that balance and leads to deranged gene expression and aberrant cell morphologies, revealing a novel function of a conserved, co-transcriptional histone modification. Modification of histone proteins is an important transcriptional regulatory mechanism in eukaryotic cells. Although various histone modifications are found primarily within the coding regions of transcribed genes, how they influence transcription elongation remains unclear. Among these modifications is mono-ubiquitylation of histone H2B (H2Bub1), which is needed for co-transcriptional methylation of histone H3 at specific sites. Here we show that H2Bub1 and Cdk9, the kinase component of positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), are jointly regulated by a positive feedback loop: Cdk9 activity is needed for co-transcriptional H2Bub1, and H2Bub1 in turn stimulates Cdk9 activity toward one of its major substrates, the conserved elongation factor Spt5. We provide genetic evidence that the combined action of H2Bub1 on Spt5 phosphorylation and histone methylation accounts for the gene-regulatory effects of this modification. Surprisingly, our genetic and genome-wide studies indicate that P-TEFb and H2Bub1 act in opposition on elongating RNA polymerase. We suggest that the positive feedback linking P-TEFb and H2Bub1 helps to maintain a balance between their opposing actions. These results highlight a novel regulatory role for a conserved histone modification during transcription elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Sansó
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Karen M. Lee
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Laia Viladevall
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Viviane Pagé
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Stephen Nagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Ariane Racine
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Courtney V. St. Amour
- Programs in Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Chao Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kevan M. Shokat
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Beate Schwer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - François Robert
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Robert P. Fisher
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RPF); (JCT)
| | - Jason C. Tanny
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- * E-mail: (RPF); (JCT)
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158
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Orlando DA, Guenther MG, Frampton GM, Young RA. CpG island structure and trithorax/polycomb chromatin domains in human cells. Genomics 2012; 100:320-6. [PMID: 22819920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
TrxG and PcG complexes play key roles in the epigenetic regulation of development through H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 modification at specific sites throughout the human genome, but how these sites are selected is poorly understood. We find that in pluripotent cells, clustered CpG-islands at genes predict occupancy of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, and these "bivalent" chromatin domains precisely span the boundaries of CpG-island clusters. These relationships are specific to pluripotent stem cells and are not retained at H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 sites unique to differentiated cells. We show that putative transcripts from clustered CpG-islands predict stem-loop structures characteristic of those bound by PcG complexes, consistent with the possibility that RNA facilitates PcG recruitment or maintenance at these sites. These studies suggest that CpG-island structure plays a fundamental role in establishing developmentally important chromatin structures in the pluripotent genome, and a subordinate role in establishing TrxG/PcG chromatin structure at sites unique to differentiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Orlando
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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159
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Akalin A, Garrett-Bakelman FE, Kormaksson M, Busuttil J, Zhang L, Khrebtukova I, Milne TA, Huang Y, Biswas D, Hess JL, Allis CD, Roeder RG, Valk PJM, Löwenberg B, Delwel R, Fernandez HF, Paietta E, Tallman MS, Schroth GP, Mason CE, Melnick A, Figueroa ME. Base-pair resolution DNA methylation sequencing reveals profoundly divergent epigenetic landscapes in acute myeloid leukemia. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002781. [PMID: 22737091 PMCID: PMC3380828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed an enhanced form of reduced representation bisulfite sequencing with extended genomic coverage, which resulted in greater capture of DNA methylation information of regions lying outside of traditional CpG islands. Applying this method to primary human bone marrow specimens from patients with Acute Myelogeneous Leukemia (AML), we demonstrated that genetically distinct AML subtypes display diametrically opposed DNA methylation patterns. As compared to normal controls, we observed widespread hypermethylation in IDH mutant AMLs, preferentially targeting promoter regions and CpG islands neighboring the transcription start sites of genes. In contrast, AMLs harboring translocations affecting the MLL gene displayed extensive loss of methylation of an almost mutually exclusive set of CpGs, which instead affected introns and distal intergenic CpG islands and shores. When analyzed in conjunction with gene expression profiles, it became apparent that these specific patterns of DNA methylation result in differing roles in gene expression regulation. However, despite this subtype-specific DNA methylation patterning, a much smaller set of CpG sites are consistently affected in both AML subtypes. Most CpG sites in this common core of aberrantly methylated CpGs were hypermethylated in both AML subtypes. Therefore, aberrant DNA methylation patterns in AML do not occur in a stereotypical manner but rather are highly specific and associated with specific driving genetic lesions. Acute myeloid leukemias (AML) are a group of malignancies that originate in the bone marrow. While many different genetic lesions have been linked to the different forms of this disease, it is also clear that these genetic lesions are not always sufficient to cause AML. DNA methylation plays a role in gene expression regulation, and abnormal distribution of DNA methylation has been observed in many cancers, including AML. Here we demonstrate that changes in DNA methylation in AML are not uniform across all AML subtypes, but rather they display unique patterns, which are closely linked to the underlying genetic lesions of each of the different forms of AML. Furthermore, these unique patterns of DNA methylation have different impacts on gene expression regulation in each AML subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altuna Akalin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Francine E. Garrett-Bakelman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Matthias Kormaksson
- Department of Public Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Busuttil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lu Zhang
- Illumina, Hayward, California, United States of America
| | | | - Thomas A. Milne
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yongsheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Debabrata Biswas
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jay L. Hess
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - C. David Allis
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert G. Roeder
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Peter J. M. Valk
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bob Löwenberg
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud Delwel
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo F. Fernandez
- Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth Paietta
- Cancer Center, Montefiore Medical Center–North Division, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Martin S. Tallman
- Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Christopher E. Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CEM); (AM); (MEF)
| | - Ari Melnick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CEM); (AM); (MEF)
| | - Maria E. Figueroa
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CEM); (AM); (MEF)
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160
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Takacova S, Slany R, Bartkova J, Stranecky V, Dolezel P, Luzna P, Bartek J, Divoky V. DNA damage response and inflammatory signaling limit the MLL-ENL-induced leukemogenesis in vivo. Cancer Cell 2012; 21:517-31. [PMID: 22516260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the MLL-ENL-ERtm oncogene initiates aberrant proliferation of myeloid progenitors. Here, we show induction of a fail-safe mechanism mediated by the DNA damage response (DDR) machinery that results in activation of the ATR/ATM-Chk1/Chk2-p53/p21(CIP1) checkpoint and cellular senescence at early stages of cellular transformation caused by a regulatable MLL-ENL-ERtm in mice. Furthermore, we identified the transcription program underlying this intrinsic anticancer barrier, and DDR-induced inflammatory regulators that fine-tune the signaling toward senescence, thereby modulating the fate of MLL-ENL-immortalized cells in a tissue-environment-dependent manner. Our results indicate that DDR is a rate-limiting event for acquisition of stem cell-like properties in MLL-ENL-ERtm-mediated transformation, as experimental inhibition of the barrier accelerated the transition to immature cell states and acute leukemia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Takacova
- Department of Biology, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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161
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Korkmaz EN, Nussinov R, Haliloğlu T. Conformational control of the binding of the transactivation domain of the MLL protein and c-Myb to the KIX domain of CREB. PLoS Comput Biol 2012; 8:e1002420. [PMID: 22438798 PMCID: PMC3305381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The KIX domain of CBP is a transcriptional coactivator. Concomitant binding to the activation domain of proto-oncogene protein c-Myb and the transactivation domain of the trithorax group protein mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) transcription factor lead to the biologically active ternary MLL∶KIX∶c-Myb complex which plays a role in Pol II-mediated transcription. The binding of the activation domain of MLL to KIX enhances c-Myb binding. Here we carried out molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for the MLL∶KIX∶c-Myb ternary complex, its binary components and KIX with the goal of providing a mechanistic explanation for the experimental observations. The dynamic behavior revealed that the MLL binding site is allosterically coupled to the c-Myb binding site. MLL binding redistributes the conformational ensemble of KIX, leading to higher populations of states which favor c-Myb binding. The key element in the allosteric communication pathways is the KIX loop, which acts as a control mechanism to enhance subsequent binding events. We tested this conclusion by in silico mutations of loop residues in the KIX∶MLL complex and by comparing wild type and mutant dynamics through MD simulations. The loop assumed MLL binding conformation similar to that observed in the KIX∶c-Myb state which disfavors the allosteric network. The coupling with c-Myb binding site faded, abolishing the positive cooperativity observed in the presence of MLL. Our major conclusion is that by eliciting a loop-mediated allosteric switch between the different states following the binding events, transcriptional activation can be regulated. The KIX system presents an example how nature makes use of conformational control in higher level regulation of transcriptional activity and thus cellular events. CBP (CREB-binding protein) is a transcriptional regulator of RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription. KIX is a domain of CBP. KIX binding to the activation domain of proto-oncogene protein c-Myb and the transactivation domain of the trithorax group protein mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) transcription factor forms the biologically active ternary MLL∶KIX∶c-Myb complex. This complex has been shown to play a key role in Pol II-mediated transcription. Experimental data show that the binding of the activation domain of MLL to KIX enhances c-Myb binding. Here, we studied the c-Myb∶KIX∶MLL ternary structure and models based on this structure, KIX-only, KIX-MLL, and c-Myb-KIX, by explicit solvent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. MD simulations can help in figuring out allosteric events and thus functional mechanisms. Our in silico analysis of the dynamic behavior indicated that when MLL is bound, there is allosteric communication between the two KIX binding sites. We observed a shift in the conformational ensemble of KIX upon the binding of the MLL activation domain, leading to a pre-organization of the KIX∶c-Myb binding site and explaining the enhanced c-Myb binding observed experimentally. On the other hand, this is not the case if c-Myb binds to KIX, which suggests that KIX regulation is under conformational control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Nihal Korkmaz
- Polymer Research Center & Chemical Engineering Department, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Basic Science Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Sackler Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail: (RN) (RN); (TH) (TH)
| | - Türkan Haliloğlu
- Polymer Research Center & Chemical Engineering Department, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
- * E-mail: (RN) (RN); (TH) (TH)
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162
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Chin LK, Cheah CY, Michael PM, MacKinnon RN, Campbell LJ. 11q23 rearrangement and duplication of MLLT1-MLL gene fusion in therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:2066-8. [PMID: 22335556 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.666663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
MESH Headings
- Azathioprine/adverse effects
- Azathioprine/therapeutic use
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Cyclosporine/adverse effects
- Cyclosporine/therapeutic use
- Female
- Gene Duplication
- Hepatitis, Autoimmune/drug therapy
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
- Humans
- Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects
- Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/chemically induced
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
- Young Adult
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163
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Kim W, Kim R, Park G, Park JW, Kim JE. Deficiency of H3K79 histone methyltransferase Dot1-like protein (DOT1L) inhibits cell proliferation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:5588-99. [PMID: 22190683 PMCID: PMC3285333 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.328138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dot1-like protein (DOT1L) is an evolutionarily conserved histone methyltransferase that methylates lysine 79 of histone H3 (H3K79). Mammalian DOT1L participates in the regulation of transcription, development, erythropoiesis, differentiation, and proliferation of normal cells. However, the role of DOT1L in cancer cell proliferation has not been fully elucidated. DOT1L siRNA-transfected A549 or NCI-H1299 lung cancer cells displayed a nonproliferating multinucleated phenotype. DOT1L-deficient cells also showed abnormal mitotic spindle formation and centrosome number, suggesting that DOT1L deficiency leads to chromosomal missegregation. This chromosomal instability in DOT1L-deficient cells led to cell cycle arrest at the G(1) phase and induced senescence as determined by enhanced activity of senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Meanwhile, overexpression of a catalytically active DOT1L, not an inactive mutant, restored DOT1L siRNA-induced phenotypes. Overall, these data imply that down-regulation of DOT1L-mediated H3K79 methylation disturbs proliferation of human cells. In addition, although H3K79 methylation is down-regulated in aged tissues, it is up-regulated in lung cancer cell lines and tumor tissues of lung cancer patients. Therefore, H3K79 methylation is a critical histone modification that regulates cell proliferation and would be a novel histone mark for aging and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wootae Kim
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea and
| | - Ranah Kim
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea and
| | - Geunyeong Park
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea and
| | - Jong-Wan Park
- the Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Ja-Eun Kim
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea and
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164
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Wang QR, Shi JY, Shi L, Chen SJ. [Mutational detection of full-length mixed lineage leukemia gene in patients with de novo AML-M4 and M5]. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2012; 20:12-17. [PMID: 22391156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities of chromosome 11 involving mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) on 11q23 are often seen in acute myeloid leukemia (AML)-M5 or AML-M4. The fusion gene of MLL-PTD and MLL plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of these AML. However, rare chromosome abnormalities have been identified in this type of leukemia. To explore whether there were other MLL gene mutations at M4 and M5, in this study all of the MLL exons were sequenced at cDNA level. 25 patients with de novo AML-M4 or M5 with normal karyotypes excluding M4eo and MLL fusion gene or MLL-PTD were selected, the amplification and direct sequencing analysis of full length MLL gene exons were carried out, then the mutations found were verified at genomic DNA level. Furthermore, the point mutations were tested in normal samples and a larger group of AML patients using the platform of Mass Array. The results showed that high-frequency deletion/insertion and point mutations in RD, PHD, TAD and SET domains of MLL were found, while these alterations in normal samples and other subtypes of AML samples were also verified, and without significant difference (P > 0.05). It is concluded that a variety of deletions/insertions in MLL mRNA and point mutations are respectively alternative splicing of MLL gene at transcriptional level and single nucleotide polymorphism. These alternations together constituted genetic polymorphisms of MLL. Although these variations may not play a direct role in the molecular pathogenesis of AML-M4 or M5, their correlations to clinical treatment and prognosis need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Rong Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical College, Shanghai, China
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165
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Wang X, Pan L, Wang S, Zhou J, McDowell W, Park J, Haug J, Staehling K, Tang H, Xie T. Histone H3K9 trimethylase Eggless controls germline stem cell maintenance and differentiation. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002426. [PMID: 22216012 PMCID: PMC3245301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation plays critical roles in the regulation of cell proliferation, fate determination, and survival. It has been shown to control self-renewal and lineage differentiation of embryonic stem cells. However, epigenetic regulation of adult stem cell function remains poorly defined. Drosophila ovarian germline stem cells (GSCs) are a productive adult stem cell system for revealing regulatory mechanisms controlling self-renewal and differentiation. In this study, we show that Eggless (Egg), a H3K9 methyltransferase in Drosophila, is required in GSCs for controlling self-renewal and in escort cells for regulating germ cell differentiation. egg mutant ovaries primarily exhibit germ cell differentiation defects in young females and gradually lose GSCs with time, indicating that Egg regulates both germ cell maintenance and differentiation. Marked mutant egg GSCs lack expression of trimethylated H3K9 (H3k9me3) and are rapidly lost from the niche, but their mutant progeny can still differentiate into 16-cell cysts, indicating that Egg is required intrinsically to control GSC self-renewal but not differentiation. Interestingly, BMP-mediated transcriptional repression of differentiation factor bam in marked egg mutant GSCs remains normal, indicating that Egg is dispensable for BMP signaling in GSCs. Normally, Bam and Bgcn interact with each other to promote GSC differentiation. Interestingly, marked double mutant egg bgcn GSCs are still lost, but their progeny are able to differentiate into 16-cell cysts though bgcn mutant GSCs normally do not differentiate, indicating that Egg intrinsically controls GSC self-renewal through repressing a Bam/Bgcn-independent pathway. Surprisingly, RNAi-mediated egg knockdown in escort cells leads to their gradual loss and a germ cell differentiation defect. The germ cell differentiation defect is at least in part attributed to an increase in BMP signaling in the germ cell differentiation niche. Therefore, this study has revealed the essential roles of histone H3K9 trimethylation in controlling stem cell maintenance and differentiation through distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Wang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Lei Pan
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Su Wang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jian Zhou
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - William McDowell
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jungeun Park
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jeff Haug
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Karen Staehling
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Hong Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Xie
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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166
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Shah S, Henriksen MA. A novel disrupter of telomere silencing 1-like (DOT1L) interaction is required for signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)-activated gene expression. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:41195-41204. [PMID: 22002246 PMCID: PMC3308833 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.284190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
JAK-STAT-activated gene expression is both rapid and transient and requires dynamic post-translational modification of the chromatin template. Previously, we showed that following IFN-γ treatment, trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 79 (H3K79me3) is rapidly and highly induced in the 5'-end of the STAT1-dependent gene interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), but the role of this histone modification was unexplored. Here we report that DOT1L, the non-SET domain containing methyltransferase that modifies Lys-79, is localized across IRF1 in the uninduced state and is not further recruited by IFN-γ induction. RNAi-mediated depletion of DOT1L prevents the induction of H3K79me3 and lowers the transcription of IRF1 2-fold, as expected. Surprisingly, STAT1 binding to its DNA recognition element near the IRF1 promoter is diminished 2-fold in the DOT1L-depleted cell line. In vivo and in vitro protein interaction assays reveal a DOT1L-STAT1 interaction. Domain mapping identifies the middle region of DOT1L (amino acids 580-1183) as the STAT1 interaction domain. Overexpression of the DOT1L STAT1 interaction domain represses IRF1 transcription (2-fold) and interferes with STAT1 DNA binding at IRF1 and endogenous DOT1L histone methyltransferase activity. Collectively, our findings reveal a novel STAT1-DOT1L interaction that is required for the regulation JAK-STAT-inducible gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaili Shah
- Department of Biology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903
| | - Melissa A Henriksen
- Department of Biology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903.
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167
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Tanaka Y, Kawahashi K, Katagiri ZI, Nakayama Y, Mahajan M, Kioussis D. Dual function of histone H3 lysine 36 methyltransferase ASH1 in regulation of Hox gene expression. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28171. [PMID: 22140534 PMCID: PMC3225378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hox genes play important roles in haematopoietic development in mammals. ASH1 is a member of the trithorax group (trxG) that is required for proper expression of Hox genes and is preferentially expressed in haematopoietic stem cells. We have recently reported that ASH1 methylates histone H3 at lysine 36 (K36) but its biological function has remained elusive. Here we show that ASH1 regulates Hox gene expression positively and negatively in a leukemic cell line K562 and is required for myelomonocytic differentiation of murine haematopoietic stem cells. ASH1 binds to endogenous Hox loci in K562 cells and its knockdown causes reduced expression of Hox genes. In addition, ASH1 and MLL1 induce more than 100-fold activation of Hox promoters in HeLa cells if expressed simultaneously but not individually. Notably, ASH1 harbouring a point mutation that kills methyltransferase activity is more efficient than wild type ASH1 in Hox gene activation, indicating that K36 methylation is not a prerequisite for Hox gene expression. Moreover, tethering wild type or catalytically inactive methyltransferase domain of ASH1 to a heterologous promoter causes downregulation or upregulation, respectively, of transcription, supporting a hypothesis that K36 methylation imparts repression. Knockdown of ASH1 in K562 cells in vitro causes increased expression of ε-globin gene and reduced expression of myelomonocytic markers GPIIb and GPIIIa, whereas knockdown of ASH1 in murine haematopoietic stem cells in vivo results in decreased number of macrophages and granulocytes, a phenotype similar to that induced by loss of mll1 function. Taken together, our data suggest that ASH1 and MLL1 synergize in activation of Hox genes and thereby regulate development of myelomonocytic lineages from haematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Tanaka
- Genome Structure and Regulation, School of Biomedical Science and Biochemical Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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168
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Wu H, Chen L, Zhou Q, Zhang W. AF17 facilitates Dot1a nuclear export and upregulates ENaC-mediated Na+ transport in renal collecting duct cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27429. [PMID: 22087315 PMCID: PMC3210795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous work in 293T cells and AF17-/- mice suggests that AF17 upregulates expression and activity of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), possibly by relieving Dot1a-AF9-mediated repression. However, whether and how AF17 directly regulates Dot1a cellular distribution and ENaC function in renal collecting duct cells remain unaddressed. Here, we report our findings in mouse cortical collecting duct M-1 cells that overexpression of AF17 led to preferential distribution of Dot1a in the cytoplasm. This effect could be blocked by nuclear export inhibitor leptomycin B. siRNA-mediated depletion of AF17 caused nuclear accumulation of Dot1a. AF17 overexpression elicited multiple effects that are reminiscent of aldosterone action. These effects include 1) increased mRNA and protein expression of the three ENaC subunits (α, β and γ) and serum- and glucocorticoid inducible kinase 1, as revealed by real-time RT-qPCR and immunoblotting analyses; 2) impaired Dot1a-AF9 interaction and H3 K79 methylation at the αENaC promoter without affecting AF9 binding to the promoter, as evidenced by chromatin immunoprecipitation; and 3) elevated ENaC-mediated Na+ transport, as analyzed by measurement of benzamil-sensitive intracellular [Na+] and equivalent short circuit current using single-cell fluorescence imaging and an epithelial Volt-ohmmeter, respectively. Knockdown of AF17 elicited opposite effects. However, combination of AF17 overexpression or depletion with aldosterone treatment did not cause an additive effect on mRNA expression of the ENaC subunits. Taken together, we conclude that AF17 promotes Dot1a nuclear export and upregulates basal, but not aldosterone-stimulated ENaC expression, leading to an increase in ENaC-mediated Na+ transport in renal collecting duct cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lihe Chen
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Qiaoling Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzheng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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169
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Hong W, Li J, Wang B, Chen L, Niu W, Yao Z, Baniahmad A. Epigenetic involvement of Alien/ESET complex in thyroid hormone-mediated repression of E2F1 gene expression and cell proliferation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 415:650-5. [PMID: 22079090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.10.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The ligand-bound thyroid hormone receptor (TR) is known to repress via a negative TRE (nTRE) the expression of E2F1, a key transcription factor that controls the G1/S phase transition. Alien has been identified as a novel interacting factor of E2F1 and acts as a corepressor of E2F1. The detailed molecular mechanism by which Alien inhibits E2F1 gene expression remains unclear. Here, we report that the histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methyltransferase (HMT) ESET is an integral component of the corepressor Alien complex and the Alien/ESET complex is recruited to both sites, the E2F1 and the nTRE site of the E2F1 gene while the recruitment to the negative thyroid hormone response element (nTRE) is induced by the ligand-bound TRβ1 within the E2F1 gene promoter. We show that, overexpression of ESET promotes, whereas knockdown of ESET releases, the inhibition of TRβ1-regulated gene transcription upon T3 stimulation; and H3K9 methylation is required for TRβ1-repressed transcription. Furthermore, depletion of ESET impairs thyroid hormone-repressed proliferation as well as the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. Taken together, our data indicate that ESET is involved in TRβ1-mediated transcription repression and provide a molecular basis of thyroid hormone-induced repression of proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hong
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China.
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170
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Herbaux C, Poulain S, Meyer C, Marschalek R, Renneville A, Fernandes J, Theisen O, Tricot S, Simon M, Duthilleul P, Daudignon A. TOP3A, a new partner gene fused to MLL in an adult patient with de novo acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2011; 157:128-31. [PMID: 22050635 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08908.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/metabolism
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type I/genetics
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type I/metabolism
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/metabolism
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Translocation, Genetic
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171
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Campaner S, Spreafico F, Burgold T, Doni M, Rosato U, Amati B, Testa G. The methyltransferase Set7/9 (Setd7) is dispensable for the p53-mediated DNA damage response in vivo. Mol Cell 2011; 43:681-8. [PMID: 21855806 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
p53 is the central regulator of cell fate following genotoxic stress and oncogene activation. Its activity is controlled by several posttranslational modifications. Originally defined as a critical layer of p53 regulation in human cell lines, p53 lysine methylation by Set7/9 (also called Setd7) was proposed to fulfill a similar function in vivo in the mouse, promoting p53 acetylation, stabilization, and activation upon DNA damage (Kurash et al., 2008). We tested the physiological relevance of this circuit in an independent Set7/9 knockout mouse strain. Deletion of Set7/9 had no effect on p53-dependent cell-cycle arrest or apoptosis following sublethal or lethal DNA damage induced by radiation or genotoxic agents. Set7/9 was also dispensable for p53 acetylation following irradiation. c-myc oncogene-induced apoptosis was also independent of Set7/9, and analysis of p53 target genes showed that Set7/9 is not required for the p53-dependent gene expression program. Our data indicate that Set7/9 is dispensable for p53 function in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Campaner
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology at the IFOM-IEO-Campus, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
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172
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Dey P, Ponnusamy MP, Deb S, Batra SK. Human RNA polymerase II-association factor 1 (hPaf1/PD2) regulates histone methylation and chromatin remodeling in pancreatic cancer. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26926. [PMID: 22046413 PMCID: PMC3203178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Change in gene expression associated with pancreatic cancer could be attributed to the variation in histone posttranslational modifications leading to subsequent remodeling of the chromatin template during transcription. However, the interconnected network of molecules involved in regulating such processes remains elusive. hPaf1/PD2, a subunit of the human PAF-complex, involved in the regulation of transcriptional elongation has oncogenic potential. Our study explores the possibility that regulation of histone methylation by hPaf1 can contribute towards alteration in gene expression by nucleosomal rearrangement. Here, we show that knockdown of hPaf1/PD2 leads to decreased di- and tri-methylation at histone H3 lysine 4 residues in pancreatic cancer cells. Interestingly, hPaf1/PD2 colocalizes with MLL1 (Mixed Lineage Leukemia 1), a histone methyltransferase that methylates H3K4 residues. Also, a reduction in hPaf1 level resulted in reduced MLL1 expression and a corresponding decrease in the level of CHD1 (Chromohelicase DNA-binding protein 1), an ATPase dependent chromatin remodeling enzyme that specifically binds to H3K4 di and trimethyl marks. hPaf1/PD2 was also found to interact and colocalize with CHD1 in both cytoplasmic and nuclear extracts of pancreatic cancer cells. Further, reduced level of CHD1 localization in the nucleus in hPaf1/PD2 Knockdown cells could be rescued by ectopic expression of hPaf1/PD2. Micrococcal nuclease digestion showed an altered chromatin structure in hPaf1/PD2-KD cells. Overall, our results suggest that hPaf1/PD2 in association with MLL1 regulates methylation of H3K4 residues, as well as interacts and regulates nuclear shuttling of chromatin remodeling protein CHD1, facilitating its function in pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parama Dey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Moorthy P. Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Shonali Deb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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173
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Waki H, Nakamura M, Yamauchi T, Wakabayashi KI, Yu J, Hirose-Yotsuya L, Take K, Sun W, Iwabu M, Okada-Iwabu M, Fujita T, Aoyama T, Tsutsumi S, Ueki K, Kodama T, Sakai J, Aburatani H, Kadowaki T. Global mapping of cell type-specific open chromatin by FAIRE-seq reveals the regulatory role of the NFI family in adipocyte differentiation. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002311. [PMID: 22028663 PMCID: PMC3197683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of regulatory elements within the genome is crucial for understanding the mechanisms that govern cell type-specific gene expression. We generated genome-wide maps of open chromatin sites in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (on day 0 and day 8 of differentiation) and NIH-3T3 fibroblasts using formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements coupled with high-throughput sequencing (FAIRE-seq). FAIRE peaks at the promoter were associated with active transcription and histone modifications of H3K4me3 and H3K27ac. Non-promoter FAIRE peaks were characterized by H3K4me1+/me3-, the signature of enhancers, and were largely located in distal regions. The non-promoter FAIRE peaks showed dynamic change during differentiation, while the promoter FAIRE peaks were relatively constant. Functionally, the adipocyte- and preadipocyte-specific non-promoter FAIRE peaks were, respectively, associated with genes up-regulated and down-regulated by differentiation. Genes highly up-regulated during differentiation were associated with multiple clustered adipocyte-specific FAIRE peaks. Among the adipocyte-specific FAIRE peaks, 45.3% and 11.7% overlapped binding sites for, respectively, PPARγ and C/EBPα, the master regulators of adipocyte differentiation. Computational motif analyses of the adipocyte-specific FAIRE peaks revealed enrichment of a binding motif for nuclear family I (NFI) transcription factors. Indeed, ChIP assay showed that NFI occupy the adipocyte-specific FAIRE peaks and/or the PPARγ binding sites near PPARγ, C/EBPα, and aP2 genes. Overexpression of NFIA in 3T3-L1 cells resulted in robust induction of these genes and lipid droplet formation without differentiation stimulus. Overexpression of dominant-negative NFIA or siRNA-mediated knockdown of NFIA or NFIB significantly suppressed both induction of genes and lipid accumulation during differentiation, suggesting a physiological function of these factors in the adipogenic program. Together, our study demonstrates the utility of FAIRE-seq in providing a global view of cell type-specific regulatory elements in the genome and in identifying transcriptional regulators of adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Waki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Functional Regulation of Adipocytes, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakamura
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (T Kadowaki); (H Aburatani); (J Sakai); (T Yamauchi)
| | - Ken-ichi Wakabayashi
- Genome Science Division, Laboratory of Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lisa Hirose-Yotsuya
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Take
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Iwabu
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Integrated Molecular Science on Metabolic Diseases, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Okada-Iwabu
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Molecular Medicinal Sciences on Metabolic Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Fujita
- Genome Science Division, Laboratory of Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Aoyama
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tsutsumi
- Genome Science Division, Laboratory of Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohjiro Ueki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Systems Biology and Medicine Division, Laboratory of Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juro Sakai
- Metabolic Medicine Division, Laboratory of Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (T Kadowaki); (H Aburatani); (J Sakai); (T Yamauchi)
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division, Laboratory of Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (T Kadowaki); (H Aburatani); (J Sakai); (T Yamauchi)
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (T Kadowaki); (H Aburatani); (J Sakai); (T Yamauchi)
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174
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Shiba N, Park MJ, Taki T, Takita J, Hiwatari M, Kanazawa T, Sotomatsu M, Ishii E, Arakawa H, Ogawa S, Hayashi Y. CBL mutations in infant acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2011; 156:672-4. [PMID: 21988239 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08900.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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175
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Gomez-Benito M, Loayza-Puch F, Oude Vrielink J, Odero MD, Agami R. 3'UTR-mediated gene silencing of the Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL) gene. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25449. [PMID: 21998658 PMCID: PMC3187771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Translocations involving the Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL) gene generate in-frame fusions of MLL with more than 50 different partner genes (PGs). Common to all MLL translocations is the exchange not only of coding regions, but also of MLL and PG 3′-untranslated regions (3′UTRs). As a result, the MLL-PG fusion is normally highly expressed and considered the main driver of leukemia development, whereas the function of the PG-MLL fusions in leukemic disease is unclear. As 3′UTRs have been recognized as determinant regions for regulation of gene expression, we hypothesized that loss of the MLL 3′UTR could have a role in generating high MLL-PG levels and leukemia development. Here, we first tested the MLL-PG and PG-MLL mRNA levels in different leukemic cells and tumours and uncovered differential expression that indicates strong repression by the MLL-3′UTR. Reporter assays confirmed that the 3′UTR of MLL, but not of its main PGs, harbours a region that imposes a strong gene silencing effect. Gene suppression by the MLL 3′UTR was largely microRNA independent and did not affect mRNA stability, but inhibited transcription. This effect can at least partially be attributed to a tighter interaction of the MLL 3′UTR with RNA polymerase II than PG 3′UTRs, affecting its phosphorylation state. Altogether, our findings indicate that MLL translocations relieve oncogenic MLL-PG fusions from the repressive MLL 3′UTR, contributing to higher activity of these genes and leukaemia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gomez-Benito
- Division of Gene Regulation The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fabricio Loayza-Puch
- Division of Gene Regulation The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Oude Vrielink
- Division of Gene Regulation The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Reuven Agami
- Division of Gene Regulation The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Biomedical Genetics, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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176
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Duhoux FP, Ameye G, Lambert C, Herman M, Iossifidis S, Constantinescu SN, Libouton JM, Demoulin JB, Poirel HA. Novel head-to-head gene fusion of MLL with ZC3H13 in a JAK2 V617F-positive patient with essential thrombocythemia without blast cells. Leuk Res 2011; 36:e27-30. [PMID: 21962339 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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177
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Lima DS, Cordeiro J, Magalhaes SMM, Pinheiro RF. Interphase-FISH provides additional relevant information in myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk Res 2011; 36:e12-4. [PMID: 21889210 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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178
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Lee SG, Park TS, Oh SH, Park JC, Yang YJ, Marschalek R, Meyer C, Cho EH, Shin SY. De novo acute myeloid leukemia associated with t(11;17)(q23;q25) and MLL-SEPT9 rearrangement in an elderly patient: a case study and review of the literature. Acta Haematol 2011; 126:195-8. [PMID: 21846973 DOI: 10.1159/000329389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Guk Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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179
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Liu HC, Shih LY, May Chen MJ, Wang CC, Yeh TC, Lin TH, Chen CY, Lin CJ, Liang DC. Expression of HOXB genes is significantly different in acute myeloid leukemia with a partial tandem duplication of MLL vs. a MLL translocation: a cross-laboratory study. Cancer Genet 2011; 204:252-9. [PMID: 21665178 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene may be rearranged to generate a partial tandem duplication (PTD), or fused to partner genes through a chromosomal translocation (tMLL). In this study, we first explored the differentially expressed genes between MLL-PTD and tMLL using gene expression profiling of our cohort (15 MLL-PTD and 10 tMLL) and one published data set. The top 250 probes were chosen from each set, resulting in 29 common probes (21 unique genes) to both sets. The selected genes include four HOXB genes, HOXB2, B3, B5, and B6. The expression values of these HOXB genes significantly differ between MLL-PTD and tMLL cases. Clustering and classification analyses were thoroughly conducted to support our gene selection results. Second, as MLL-PTD, FLT3-ITD, and NPM1 mutations are identified in AML with normal karyotypes, we briefly studied their impact on the HOXB genes. Another contribution of this study is to demonstrate that using public data from other studies enriches samples for analysis and yields more conclusive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Che Liu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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180
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Yokoyama A. [Molecular mechanisms of leukemogenesis in MLL-leukemias]. Rinsho Ketsueki 2011; 52:679-685. [PMID: 21897075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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181
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Bernt KM, Zhu N, Sinha AU, Vempati S, Faber J, Krivtsov AV, Feng Z, Punt N, Daigle A, Bullinger L, Pollock RM, Richon VM, Kung AL, Armstrong SA. MLL-rearranged leukemia is dependent on aberrant H3K79 methylation by DOT1L. Cancer Cell 2011; 20:66-78. [PMID: 21741597 PMCID: PMC3329803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 677] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The histone 3 lysine 79 (H3K79) methyltransferase Dot1l has been implicated in the development of leukemias bearing translocations of the Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL) gene. We identified the MLL-fusion targets in an MLL-AF9 leukemia model, and conducted epigenetic profiling for H3K79me2, H3K4me3, H3K27me3, and H3K36me3 in hematopoietic progenitor and leukemia stem cells (LSCs). We found abnormal profiles only for H3K79me2 on MLL-AF9 fusion target loci in LSCs. Inactivation of Dot1l led to downregulation of direct MLL-AF9 targets and an MLL translocation-associated gene expression signature, whereas global gene expression remained largely unaffected. Suppression of MLL translocation-associated gene expression corresponded with dependence of MLL-AF9 leukemia on Dot1l in vivo. These data point to DOT1L as a potential therapeutic target in MLL-rearranged leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin M. Bernt
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nan Zhu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Amit U. Sinha
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sridhar Vempati
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joerg Faber
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Mainz, 05131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrei V. Krivtsov
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zhaohui Feng
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Natalie Punt
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Amanda Daigle
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, 98091 Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Andrew L. Kung
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Scott A. Armstrong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, 02138, USA
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182
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Choi HJ, Kim HR, Shin MG, Kook H, Kim HJ, Shin JH, Suh SP, Ryang DW. Spectra of chromosomal aberrations in 325 leukemia patients and implications for the development of new molecular detection systems. J Korean Med Sci 2011; 26:886-92. [PMID: 21738341 PMCID: PMC3124718 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2011.26.7.886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the spectrum of chromosomal abnormalities in 325 leukemia patients and developed optimal profiles of leukemic fusion genes for multiplex RT-PCR. We prospectively analyzed blood and bone marrow specimens of patients with acute leukemia. Twenty types of chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 42% from all patients by commercially available multiplex RT-PCR for detecting 28 fusion genes and in 35% by cytogenetic analysis including FISH analysis. The most common cytogenetic aberrations in acute myeloid leukemia patients was PML/PARA, followed by AML1/MGT8 and MLL1, and in acute lymphoid leukemia patients was BCR/ABL, followed by TEL/AML1 and MLL1 gene rearrangement. Among the negative results for multiplex RT-PCR, clinically significant t(3;3)(q21;q26.2), t(8;14)(q24;q32) and i(17)(q10) were detected by conventional cytogenetics. The spectrum and frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in our leukemia patients are differed from previous studies, and may offer optimal profiles of leukemic fusion genes for the development of new molecular detection systems.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Gene Rearrangement
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia/diagnosis
- Leukemia/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/diagnosis
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Hye-Ran Kim
- Genome Research Center for Hematopoietic Diseases, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project, Center for Biomedical Human Resources at Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myung-Geun Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
- Environmental Health Center for Childhood Leukemia and Cancer, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Hoon Kook
- Environmental Health Center for Childhood Leukemia and Cancer, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Hyeoung-Joon Kim
- Genome Research Center for Hematopoietic Diseases, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Soon-Pal Suh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Ryang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
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183
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Karimi MM, Goyal P, Maksakova IA, Bilenky M, Leung D, Tang JX, Shinkai Y, Mager DL, Jones S, Hirst M, Lorincz MC. DNA methylation and SETDB1/H3K9me3 regulate predominantly distinct sets of genes, retroelements, and chimeric transcripts in mESCs. Cell Stem Cell 2011; 8:676-87. [PMID: 21624812 PMCID: PMC3857791 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation and histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) play important roles in silencing of genes and retroelements. However, a comprehensive comparison of genes and repetitive elements repressed by these pathways has not been reported. Here we show that in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), the genes upregulated after deletion of the H3K9 methyltransferase Setdb1 are distinct from those derepressed in mESC deficient in the DNA methyltransferases Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, and Dnmt3b, with the exception of a small number of primarily germline-specific genes. Numerous endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) lose H3K9me3 and are concomitantly derepressed exclusively in SETDB1 knockout mESCs. Strikingly, ~15% of upregulated genes are induced in association with derepression of promoter-proximal ERVs, half in the context of "chimeric" transcripts that initiate within these retroelements and splice to genic exons. Thus, SETDB1 plays a previously unappreciated yet critical role in inhibiting aberrant gene transcription by suppressing the expression of proximal ERVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Karimi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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184
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Ding Y, Avramova Z, Fromm M. The Arabidopsis trithorax-like factor ATX1 functions in dehydration stress responses via ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways. Plant J 2011; 66:735-44. [PMID: 21309869 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04534.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the molecular mechanisms driving the responses of plants to environmental stresses are associated with specific chromatin modifications. Here, we demonstrate that the Arabidopsis trithorax-like factor ATX1, which trimethylates histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3), is involved in dehydration stress signaling in both abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and ABA-independent pathways. The loss of function of ATX1 results in decreased germination rates, larger stomatal apertures, more rapid transpiration and decreased tolerance to dehydration stress in atx1 plants. This deficiency is caused in part by reduced ABA biosynthesis in atx1 plants resulting from decreased transcript levels from NCED3, which encodes a key enzyme controlling ABA production. Dehydration stress increased ATX1 binding to NCED3, and ATX1 was required for the increased levels of NCED3 transcripts and nucleosomal H3K4me3 that occurred during dehydration stress. Mechanistically, ATX1 affected the quantity of RNA polymerase II bound to NCED3. By upregulating NCED3 transcription and ABA production, ATX1 influenced ABA-regulated pathways and genes. ATX1 also affected the expression of ABA-independent genes, implicating ATX1 in diverse dehydration stress-response mechanisms in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ding
- University of Nebraska Center for Biotechnology and Center for Plant Science Innovation, 1901 Vine Street, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
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185
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Jung CL, Kim HJ, Kim DH, Huh H, Song MJ, Kim SH. CKIT mutation in therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia with MLLT3/MLL chimeric transcript from t(9;11)(p22;q23). Ann Clin Lab Sci 2011; 41:193-196. [PMID: 21844580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations of the CKIT gene have been reported to specifically occur in core-binding factor (CBF) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a poor prognostic implication. Here we report a case of therapy-related AML with t(9;11)(p22;q23) who had CKIT mutation. A 48-year-old woman with breast cancer received partial mastectomy followed by 6 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy. At 28 months from the diagnosis of breast cancer, she was diagnosed as having AML with blasts 81% in bone marrow. Cytogenetic analysis revealed t(9;11)(p22;q23), and FISH showed 96.5% of MLL break-apart signals. RT-PCR study revealed MLL(11q23)/MLLT3(9p22) chimeric transcript. FLT3-ITD and NPM1 mutations were both negative. Unexpectedly, mutation analyses for CKIT identified D816Y mutation. The patient received induction chemotherapy and achieved complete remission at 1 month. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on CKIT mutation in therapy-related AML with MLL rearrangement.
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MESH Headings
- Breast Neoplasms/complications
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
- Female
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/etiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nucleophosmin
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Lim Jung
- Assistant Professor, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Samsung, Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan, University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
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186
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Ding Y, Avramova Z, Fromm M. Two distinct roles of ARABIDOPSIS HOMOLOG OF TRITHORAX1 (ATX1) at promoters and within transcribed regions of ATX1-regulated genes. Plant Cell 2011; 23:350-63. [PMID: 21266657 PMCID: PMC3051232 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.110.080150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana trithorax-like protein, ATX1, shares common structural domains, has similar histone methyltransferase (HMT) activity, and belongs in the same phylogenetic subgroup as its animal counterparts. Most of our knowledge of the role of HMTs in trimethylating lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4me3) in transcriptional regulation comes from studies of yeast and mammalian homologs. Little is known about the mechanism by which ATX1, or any other HMT of plant origin, affects transcription. Here, we provide insights into how ATX1 influences transcription at regulated genes, playing two distinct roles. At promoters, ATX1 is required for TATA binding protein (TBP) and RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) recruitment. In a subsequent event, ATX1 is recruited by a phosphorylated form of Pol II to the +300-bp region of transcribed sequences, where it trimethylates nucleosomes. In support of this model, inhibition of phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of Pol II reduced the amounts of H3K4me3 and ATX1 bound at the +300-nucleotide region. Importantly, these changes did not reduce the occupancy of ATX1, TBP, or Pol II at promoters. Our results indicate that ATX1 affects transcription at target genes by a mechanism distinct from its ability to trimethylate H3K4 within genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ding
- University of Nebraska Center for Biotechnology and Center for Plant Science Innovation, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
- University of Nebraska School of Biological Sciences, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Zoya Avramova
- University of Nebraska School of Biological Sciences, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Michael Fromm
- University of Nebraska Center for Biotechnology and Center for Plant Science Innovation, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
- Address correspondence to
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187
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Yeung J, Esposito MT, Gandillet A, Zeisig BB, Griessinger E, Bonnet D, So CWE. β-Catenin mediates the establishment and drug resistance of MLL leukemic stem cells. Cancer Cell 2010; 18:606-18. [PMID: 21156284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Identification of molecular pathways essential for cancer stem cells is critical for understanding the underlying biology and designing effective cancer therapeutics. Here, we demonstrated that β-catenin was activated during development of MLL leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Suppression of β-catenin reversed LSCs to a pre-LSC-like stage and significantly reduced the growth of human MLL leukemic cells. Conditional deletion of β-catenin completely abolished the oncogenic potential of MLL-transformed cells. In addition, established MLL LSCs that have acquired resistance against GSK3 inhibitors could be resensitized by suppression of β-catenin expression. These results unveil previously unrecognized multifaceted functions of β-catenin in the establishment and drug-resistant properties of MLL stem cells, highlighting it as a potential therapeutic target for an important subset of AMLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Yeung
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London, Denmark Hill, UK
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188
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Frietze S, O'Geen H, Blahnik KR, Jin VX, Farnham PJ. ZNF274 recruits the histone methyltransferase SETDB1 to the 3' ends of ZNF genes. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15082. [PMID: 21170338 PMCID: PMC2999557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Only a small percentage of human transcription factors (e.g. those associated with a specific differentiation program) are expressed in a given cell type. Thus, cell fate is mainly determined by cell type-specific silencing of transcription factors that drive different cellular lineages. Several histone modifications have been associated with gene silencing, including H3K27me3 and H3K9me3. We have previously shown that genes for the two largest classes of mammalian transcription factors are marked by distinct histone modifications; homeobox genes are marked by H3K27me3 and zinc finger genes are marked by H3K9me3. Several histone methyltransferases (e.g. G9a and SETDB1) may be involved in mediating the H3K9me3 silencing mark. We have used ChIP-chip and ChIP-seq to demonstrate that SETDB1, but not G9a, is associated with regions of the genome enriched for H3K9me3. One current model is that SETDB1 is recruited to specific genomic locations via interaction with the corepressor TRIM28 (KAP1), which is in turn recruited to the genome via interaction with zinc finger transcription factors that contain a Kruppel-associated box (KRAB) domain. However, specific KRAB-ZNFs that recruit TRIM28 (KAP1) and SETDB1 to the genome have not been identified. We now show that ZNF274 (a KRAB-ZNF that contains 5 C2H2 zinc finger domains), can interact with KAP1 both in vivo and in vitro and, using ChIP-seq, we show that ZNF274 binding sites co-localize with SETDB1, KAP1, and H3K9me3 at the 3′ ends of zinc finger genes. Knockdown of ZNF274 with siRNAs reduced the levels of KAP1 and SETDB1 recruitment to the binding sites. These studies provide the first identification of a KRAB domain-containing ZNF that is involved in recruitment of the KAP1 and SETDB1 to specific regions of the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Frietze
- Department of Pharmacology and the Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Henriette O'Geen
- Department of Pharmacology and the Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kimberly R. Blahnik
- Department of Pharmacology and the Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Victor X. Jin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Peggy J. Farnham
- Department of Pharmacology and the Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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189
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Zhao J, Yin YM, Zhao YL, Sun Y, Wang JB, Zhong J, Zhang X, Fei XH, Shan FX, Liu HX, Wang T, Wang H, Tong CR, Wu T, Lu DP. [Clinical and molecular biologic characteristics of 36 cases of leukemia with 11q23/mll]. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2010; 18:1381-1385. [PMID: 21176334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to analyze the clinical and cytogenetic characteristics of acute leukemia with 11q23/mll rearrangement and explore the reasonable therapeutic principles. Characteristics in general situation, morphology, immunology, molecular biology, cytogenetics, treatment and overall survival of 36 cases of acute leukemias with mll gene rearrangement were studied and analyzed. The results showed that 36 cases with mll gene rearrangement were found positive (7.2%) in 494 patients with acute leukemia. Among the 36 cases of mll rearrangement positive, 32 cases were diagnosed as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with myeloid antigen expression, of which 5 cases expressed lymphoblastic differentiation antigen; 4 cases were classified as B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), of which non-lineage myeloid expression pattern were found in 3 cases. In 29 out of 36 cases (80%) the clonal chromosomal aberration were detected, of which chromosome 11 aberration were observed in 22 cases. All patients received chemotherapy with a total response rate of 47.2%. Of the responded patients, 10 cases relapsed within 6 months, with a recurrence rate of 40%; 9 cases received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), 7 cases of which survived after transplantation. The median survival time of 36 cases was 16 months (range 2 - 46) and their 2-year overall survival rate was 41.4%. The 2-year overall survival rate of 9 patients who received HSCT was 87.5%. It is concluded that acute leukemia patients with mll gene rearrangement show poor response to chemotherapy, high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be a reasonable treatment principle to improve these patients' survival situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Beijing Daopei Hospital, Beijing 100049, China
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190
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Cao F, Chen Y, Cierpicki T, Liu Y, Basrur V, Lei M, Dou Y. An Ash2L/RbBP5 heterodimer stimulates the MLL1 methyltransferase activity through coordinated substrate interactions with the MLL1 SET domain. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14102. [PMID: 21124902 PMCID: PMC2990719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone H3 lysine 4 (K4) methylation is a prevalent mark associated with transcription activation and is mainly catalyzed by the MLL/SET1 family histone methyltransferases. A common feature of the mammalian MLL/SET1 complexes is the presence of three core components (RbBP5, Ash2L and WDR5) and a catalytic subunit containing a SET domain. Unlike most other histone lysine methyltransferases, all four proteins are required for efficient H3 K4 methylation. Despite extensive efforts, mechanisms for how three core components regulate MLL/SET1 methyltransferase activity remain elusive. Here we show that a heterodimer of Ash2L and RbBP5 has intrinsic histone methyltransferase activity. This activity requires the highly conserved SPRY domain of Ash2L and a short peptide of RbBP5. We demonstrate that both Ash2L and the MLL1 SET domain are capable of binding to S-adenosyl-L- [methyl-3H] methionine in the MLL1 core complex. Mutations in the MLL1 SET domain that fail to support overall H3 K4 methylation also compromise SAM binding by Ash2L. Taken together, our results show that the Ash2L/RbBP5 heterodimer plays a critical role in the overall catalysis of MLL1 mediated H3 K4 methylation. The results we describe here provide mechanistic insights for unique regulation of the MLL1 methyltransferase activity. It suggests that both Ash2L/RbBP5 and the MLL1 SET domain make direct contacts with the substrates and contribute to the formation of a joint catalytic center. Given the shared core configuration among all MLL/SET1 family HMTs, it will be interesting to test whether the mechanism we describe here can be generalized to other MLL/SET1 family members in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cao
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Tomasz Cierpicki
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Venkatesha Basrur
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YD); (ML)
| | - Yali Dou
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YD); (ML)
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191
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Mahmoudi T, Boj SF, Hatzis P, Li VSW, Taouatas N, Vries RGJ, Teunissen H, Begthel H, Korving J, Mohammed S, Heck AJR, Clevers H. The leukemia-associated Mllt10/Af10-Dot1l are Tcf4/β-catenin coactivators essential for intestinal homeostasis. PLoS Biol 2010; 8:e1000539. [PMID: 21103407 PMCID: PMC2982801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling maintains the undifferentiated state of intestinal crypt progenitor cells by inducing the formation of nuclear TCF4/β-catenin complexes. In colorectal cancer, activating mutations in Wnt pathway components cause inappropriate activation of TCF4/β-catenin-driven transcription. Despite the passage of a decade after the discovery of TCF4 and β-catenin as the molecular effectors of the Wnt signal, few transcriptional activators essential and unique to the regulation of this transcription program have been found. Using proteomics, we identified the leukemia-associated Mllt10/Af10 and the methyltransferase Dot1l as Tcf4/β-catenin interactors in mouse small intestinal crypts. Mllt10/Af10-Dot1l, essential for transcription elongation, are recruited to Wnt target genes in a β-catenin-dependent manner, resulting in H3K79 methylation over their coding regions in vivo in proliferative crypts of mouse small intestine in colorectal cancer and Wnt-inducible HEK293T cells. Depletion of MLLT10/AF10 in colorectal cancer and Wnt-inducible HEK293T cells followed by expression array analysis identifies MLLT10/AF10 and DOT1L as essential activators to a large extent dedicated to Wnt target gene regulation. In contrast, previously published β-catenin coactivators p300 and BRG1 displayed a more pleiotropic target gene expression profile controlling Wnt and other pathways. tcf4, mllt10/af10, and dot1l are co-expressed in Wnt-driven tissues in zebrafish and essential for Wnt-reporter activity. Intestinal differentiation defects in apc-mutant zebrafish can be rescued by depletion of Mllt10 and Dot1l, establishing these genes as activators downstream of Apc in Wnt target gene activation in vivo. Morpholino-depletion of mllt10/af10-dot1l in zebrafish results in defects in intestinal homeostasis and a significant reduction in the in vivo expression of direct Wnt target genes and in the number of proliferative intestinal epithelial cells. We conclude that Mllt10/Af10-Dot1l are essential, largely dedicated activators of Wnt-dependent transcription, critical for maintenance of intestinal proliferation and homeostasis. The methyltransferase DOT1L may present an attractive candidate for drug targeting in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokameh Mahmoudi
- Hubrecht Institute and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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192
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De Braekeleer E, Meyer C, Le Bris MJ, Douet-Guilbert N, Basinko A, Morel F, Berthou C, Marschalek R, Férec C, De Braekeleer M. Identification of a MLL-MLLT4 fusion gene resulting from a t(6;11)(q27;q23) presenting as a del(11q) in a child with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2010; 51:1570-3. [PMID: 20545580 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2010.494261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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193
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Marschalek R. It takes two-to-leukemia: about addictions and requirements. Leuk Res 2010; 35:424-5. [PMID: 21074267 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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194
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Shanker S, Job G, George OL, Creamer KM, Shaban A, Partridge JF. Continuous requirement for the Clr4 complex but not RNAi for centromeric heterochromatin assembly in fission yeast harboring a disrupted RITS complex. PLoS Genet 2010; 6:e1001174. [PMID: 21060862 PMCID: PMC2965749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of centromeric heterochromatin in fission yeast requires the combined action of chromatin modifying enzymes and small RNAs derived from centromeric transcripts. Positive feedback mechanisms that link the RNAi pathway and the Clr4/Suv39h1 histone H3K9 methyltransferase complex (Clr-C) result in requirements for H3K9 methylation for full siRNA production and for siRNA production to achieve full histone methylation. Nonetheless, it has been proposed that the Argonaute protein, Ago1, is the key initial trigger for heterochromatin assembly via its association with Dicer-independent "priRNAs." The RITS complex physically links Ago1 and the H3-K9me binding protein Chp1. Here we exploit an assay for heterochromatin assembly in which loss of silencing by deletion of RNAi or Clr-C components can be reversed by re-introduction of the deleted gene. We showed previously that a mutant version of the RITS complex (Tas3(WG)) that biochemically separates Ago1 from Chp1 and Tas3 proteins permits maintenance of heterochromatin, but prevents its formation when Clr4 is removed and re-introduced. Here we show that the block occurs with mutants in Clr-C, but not mutants in the RNAi pathway. Thus, Clr-C components, but not RNAi factors, play a more critical role in assembly when the integrity of RITS is disrupted. Consistent with previous reports, cells lacking Clr-C components completely lack H3K9me2 on centromeric DNA repeats, whereas RNAi pathway mutants accumulate low levels of H3K9me2. Further supporting the existence of RNAi-independent mechanisms for establishment of centromeric heterochromatin, overexpression of clr4(+) in clr4Δago1Δ cells results in some de novo H3K9me2 accumulation at centromeres. These findings and our observation that ago1Δ and dcr1Δ mutants display indistinguishable low levels of H3K9me2 (in contrast to a previous report) challenge the model that priRNAs trigger heterochromatin formation. Instead, our results indicate that RNAi cooperates with RNAi-independent factors in the assembly of heterochromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenath Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Godwin Job
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Olivia L. George
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kevin M. Creamer
- Integrated Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Alaa Shaban
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Janet F. Partridge
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Integrated Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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195
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de Figueiredo AF, Liehr T, Bath S, Binato R, Ventura EMS, de Souza MT, de Matos RRC, Ribeiro RC, Abdelhay E, Silva MLM. A new cryptic ins(11;1)(q23;q21q31) detected in a t(1;8;11)(q21;p21;q23) in a baby with acute myeloid leukemia FAB AML-M5. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2010; 45:197-8. [PMID: 20688548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
MESH Headings
- Blast Crisis/genetics
- Blast Crisis/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
- Humans
- Infant
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Male
- Mutagenesis, Insertional
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/biosynthesis
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/biosynthesis
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
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196
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Ndamukong I, Jones DR, Lapko H, Divecha N, Avramova Z. Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate links dehydration stress to the activity of ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX-LIKE factor ATX1. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13396. [PMID: 20967218 PMCID: PMC2954176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Changes in gene expression enable organisms to respond to environmental stress. Levels of cellular lipid second messengers, such as the phosphoinositide PtdIns5P, change in response to a variety of stresses and can modulate the localization, conformation and activity of a number of intracellular proteins. The plant trithorax factor (ATX1) tri-methylates the lysine 4 residue of histone H3 (H3K4me3) at gene coding sequences, which positively correlates with gene transcription. Microarray analysis has identified a target gene (WRKY70) that is regulated by both ATX1 and by the exogenous addition of PtdIns5P in Arabidopsis. Interestingly, ATX1 contains a PtdIns5P interaction domain (PHD finger) and thus, phosphoinositide signaling, may link environmental stress to changes in gene transcription. Principal Findings Using the plant Arabidopsis as a model system, we demonstrate a link between PtdIns5P and the activity of the chromatin modifier ATX1 in response to dehydration stress. We show for the first time that dehydration leads to an increase in cellular PtdIns5P in Arabidopsis. The Arabidopsis homolog of myotubularin (AtMTM1) is capable of generating PtdIns5P and here, we show that AtMTM1 is essential for the induced increase in PtdIns5P upon dehydration. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the ATX1-dependent gene, WRKY70, is downregulated during dehydration and that lowered transcript levels are accompanied by a drastic reduction in H3K4me3 of its nucleosomes. We follow changes in WRKY70 nucleosomal K4 methylation as a model to study ATX1 activity at chromatin during dehydration stress. We found that during dehydration stress, the physical presence of ATX1 at the WRKY70 locus was diminished and that ATX1 depletion resulted from it being retained in the cytoplasm when PtdIns5P was elevated. The PHD of ATX1 and catalytically active AtMTM1 are required for the cytoplasmic localization of ATX1. Conclusions/Significance The novelty of the manuscript is in the discovery of a mechanistic link between a chromatin modifying activity (ATX1) and a lipid (PtdIns5P) synthesis in a signaling pathway that ultimately results in altered expression of ATX1 dependent genes downregulated in response to dehydration stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ndamukong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - David R. Jones
- Inositide Laboratory, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hanna Lapko
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Nullin Divecha
- Inositide Laboratory, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (ZA); (ND)
| | - Zoya Avramova
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZA); (ND)
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197
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Abstract
The RNA polymerase II (Pol II) elongation factor (ELL) was the first translocation partner of mixed lineage leukaemia (MLL) for which a biochemical function was determined. It was therefore proposed that the regulation of the elongation stage of transcription could be fundamental to MLL-based leukaemogenesis. Recent studies have identified ELL complexed with several of the translocation partners of MLL in a transcriptional super elongation complex (SEC). These studies provide evidence for the importance of the regulation of Pol II elongation in disease pathogenesis and suggest that MLL chimaeras function by licensing Pol II transcription elongation without the appropriate checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Mohan
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
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198
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Abstract
The discovery that cancer can be governed above and beyond the level of our DNA presents a new era for designing therapies that reverse the epigenetic state of a tumour cell. Understanding how altered chromatin dynamics leads to malignancy is essential for controlling tumour cells while sparing normal cells. Polycomb and trithorax group proteins are evolutionarily conserved and maintain chromatin in the 'off' or 'on' states, thereby preventing or promoting gene expression, respectively. Recent work highlights the dynamic interplay between these opposing classes of proteins, providing new avenues for understanding how these epigenetic regulators function in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alea A Mills
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA.
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199
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Saito H, Otsubo K, Kakimoto A, Komatsu N, Ohsaka A. Emergence of two unrelated clones in acute myeloid leukemia with MLL-SEPT9 fusion transcript. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 201:111-5. [PMID: 20682395 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Saito
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mitochuo Hospital, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
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200
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Andreu-Vieyra CV, Chen R, Agno JE, Glaser S, Anastassiadis K, Stewart AF, Matzuk MM. MLL2 is required in oocytes for bulk histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation and transcriptional silencing. PLoS Biol 2010; 8. [PMID: 20808952 PMCID: PMC2923083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditional knockout mouse strategies identify the histone methyltranferase MLL2 as a key player in epigenetic reprogramming of female gametes. During gametogenesis and pre-implantation development, the mammalian epigenome is reprogrammed to establish pluripotency in the epiblast. Here we show that the histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase, MLL2, controls most of the promoter-specific chromatin modification, H3K4me3, during oogenesis and early development. Using conditional knockout mutagenesis and a hypomorph model, we show that Mll2 deficiency in oocytes results in anovulation and oocyte death, with increased transcription of p53, apoptotic factors, and Iap elements. MLL2 is required for (1) bulk H3K4me3 but not H3K4me1, indicating that MLL2 controls most promoters but monomethylation is regulated by a different H3K4 methyltransferase; (2) the global transcriptional silencing that preceeds resumption of meiosis but not for the concomitant nuclear reorganization into the surrounded nucleolus (SN) chromatin configuration; (3) oocyte survival; and (4) normal zygotic genome activation. These results reveal that MLL2 is autonomously required in oocytes for fertility and imply that MLL2 contributes to the epigenetic reprogramming that takes place before fertilization. We propose that once this task has been accomplished, MLL2 is not required until gastrulation and that other methyltransferases are responsible for bulk H3K4me3, thereby revealing an unexpected epigenetic control switch amongst the H3K4 methyltransferases during development. It is well established that gametes and early mammalian embryos undergo extensive epigenetic changes, which are changes in phenotype or gene expression that do not entail changes in DNA sequence. However, the machinery responsible for epigenetic modification in these situations is poorly understood. In mice, we conditionally deleted the histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase Mll2, an enzyme that alters DNA structure and packaging, either in gametes or in somatic cells of the ovary and also produced a mouse hypomorph expressing low levels of MLL2. We show that MLL2 is required in oocytes during gametogenesis and is also needed as a maternally derived factor during early development. Oocytes deficient in Mll2 display decreased methylation of H3K4 (H3K4me3) and show abnormal maturation and gene expression, in particular of pro-apoptotic factors. In addition, we demonstrate that embryonic genome activation is compromised in the absence of Mll2. Together our results identify MLL2 as one of the key players in the epigenetic reprogramming required for female fertility in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia V. Andreu-Vieyra
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ruihong Chen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Julio E. Agno
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Stefan Glaser
- Genomics, BioInnovationsZentrum, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - A. Francis Stewart
- Genomics, BioInnovationsZentrum, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail: (MMM); (AFS)
| | - Martin M. Matzuk
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MMM); (AFS)
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