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Ramanathan V, Ramanathan A. Molecular mechanism in a rare autosomal recessive case of xeroderma pigmentosum - a case report. NATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ANATOMY 2014. [DOI: 10.4103/2277-4025.297380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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77
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Pachamuthu MP, Rajalakshmi R, Maheswari R, Ramanathan A. Direct glycol assisted synthesis of an amorphous mesoporous silicate with framework incorporated Co2+: characterization and catalytic application in ethylbenzene oxidation. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03289f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exclusive Co2+ incorporation into the framework of a TUD-1 type silicate was obtained using tetraethylene glycol (TEG) as a non-surfactant structure directing agent which was shown to be active for ethylbenzene oxidation.
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78
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Yan W, Ramanathan A, Ghanta M, Subramaniam B. Towards highly selective ethylene epoxidation catalysts using hydrogen peroxide and tungsten- or niobium-incorporated mesoporous silicate (KIT-6). Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy00877d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nb- and W-KIT-6 materials display significant ethylene epoxidation activity with H2O2 as the oxidant at mild temperatures that eliminate substrate burning.
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79
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Nieguth R, ten Dam J, Petrenz A, Ramanathan A, Hanefeld U, Ansorge-Schumacher MB. Combined heterogeneous bio- and chemo-catalysis for dynamic kinetic resolution of (rac)-benzoin. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06751g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly efficient system for the enantiopure synthesis of benzoin was developed. The reaction system employed lipase TL from Pseudomonas stutzeri immobilized on Accurel MP1001 (Acc-LipTL) and Zr-TUD-1 (Si/Zr = 25), an acidic mesoporous silicate, for dynamic kinetic resolution of racemic benzoin in one pot.
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80
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Pan Q, Ramanathan A, Snavely WK, Chaudhari RV, Subramaniam B. Synthesis and Dehydration Activity of Novel Lewis Acidic Ordered Mesoporous Silicate: Zr-KIT-6. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4019484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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81
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Nellore K, Bejugam M, Ramanathan A, Balasubramaian WR, Mukherjee S, Dodheri SS, Damarla RKB, Sathyanandan AM, Lakshminarasimhan A, Rao N, Erigala VR, Mahalingam N, Samajdar S, Subramanya H. FRI0004 Discovery of potent and selective retinoid related orphan receptor gamma (ror-gamma) inverse agonists for the treatment of th17 mediated diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.1132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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82
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Vincent-Chong VK, Ismail SM, Abdul Rahman ZA, Sharifah NA, Anwar A, Pradeep PJ, Ramanathan A, Karen-Ng LP, Kallarakkal TG, Wan Mustafa WM, Abraham MT, Tay KK, Zain RB. PP074. Oral Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.03.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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83
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Zhang C, Hekmatfar S, Ramanathan A, Karuri NW. PEGylated human plasma fibronectin is proteolytically stable, supports cell adhesion, cell migration, focal adhesion assembly, and fibronectin fibrillogenesis. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:493-504. [PMID: 23319204 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Delayed wound healing in many chronic wounds has been linked to the degradation of fibronectin (FN) by abnormally high protease levels. We sought to develop a proteolytically stable and functionally active form of FN. For this purpose, we conjugated 3.35 kDa polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) to human plasma fibronectin (HPFN). Conjugation of PEGDA to HPFN or HPFN PEGylation was characterized by an increase of approximately 16 kDa in the average molecular weight of PEGylated HPFN compared to native HPFN in SDS-PAGE gels. PEGylated HPFN was more resistant to α chymotrypsin or neutrophil elastase digestion than native HPFN: after 30 min incubation with α chymotrypsin, 56 and 90% of native and PEGylated HPFN respectively remained intact. PEGylated HPFN and native HPFN supported NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblast adhesion and spreading, migration and focal adhesion formation in a similar manner. Fluorescence microscopy showed that both native and PEGylated HPFN in the culture media were assembled into extracellular matrix (ECM) fibrils. Interestingly, when coated on surfaces, native but not PEGylated HPFN was assembled into the ECM of fibroblasts. The proteolytically stable PEGylated HPFN developed herein could be used to replenish FN levels in the chronic wound bed and promote tissue repair.
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84
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Vincent-Chong VK, Anwar A, Karen-Ng LP, Cheong SC, Yang YH, Pradeep PJ, Rahman ZAA, Ismail SM, Zaini ZM, Prepageran N, Kallarakkal TG, Ramanathan A, Mohayadi NABM, Rosli NSBM, Mustafa WMW, Abraham MT, Tay KK, Zain RB. Genome wide analysis of chromosomal alterations in oral squamous cell carcinomas revealed over expression of MGAM and ADAM9. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54705. [PMID: 23405089 PMCID: PMC3566089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the advances in diagnosis and treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), mortality and morbidity rates have not improved over the past decade. A major drawback in diagnosis and treatment of OSCC is the lack of knowledge relating to how genetic instability in oral cancer genomes affects oral carcinogenesis. Hence, the key aim of this study was to identify copy number alterations (CNAs) that may be cancer associated in OSCC using high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). To our knowledge this is the first study to use ultra-high density aCGH microarrays to profile a large number of OSCC genomes (n = 46). The most frequently amplified CNAs were located on chromosome 11q11(52%), 2p22.3(52%), 1q21.3-q22(54%), 6p21.32(59%), 20p13(61%), 7q34(52% and 72%),8p11.23-p11.22(80%), 8q11.1-q24.4(54%), 9q13-q34.3(54%), 11q23.3-q25(57%); 14q21.3-q31.1(54%); 14q31.3-q32.33(57%), 20p13-p12.3(54%) and 20q11.21-q13.33(52%). The most frequently deleted chromosome region was located on 3q26.1 (54%). In order to verify the CNAs from aCGH using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), the three top most amplified regions and their associated genes, namely ADAM5P (8p11.23-p11.22), MGAM (7q34) and SIRPB1 (20p13.1), were selected in this study. The ADAM5P locus was found to be amplified in 39 samples and deleted in one; MGAM (24 amplifications and 3 deletions); and SIRPB1 (12 amplifications, others undetermined). On the basis of putative cancer-related annotations, two genes, namely ADAM metallopeptidase domain 9 (ADAM9) and maltase-glucoamylase alpha-glucosidase (MGAM), that mapped to CNA regions were selected for further evaluation of their mRNA expression using reverse transcriptase qPCR. The over-expression of MGAM was confirmed with a 6.6 fold increase in expression at the mRNA level whereas the fold change in ADAM9 demonstrated a 1.6 fold increase. This study has identified significant regions in the OSCC genome that were amplified and resulted in consequent over-expression of the MGAM and ADAM9 genes that may be utilized as biological markers for OSCC.
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Kandasamy K, Pachamuthu MP, Muthusamy M, Ganesabaskaran S, Ramanathan A. Synthesis of novel pyrazolylbiscoumarin derivatives using FeTUD-1 as a mesoporous solid acid catalyst. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43913e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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86
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Pachamuthu MP, Srinivasan VV, Maheswari R, Shanthi K, Ramanathan A. The impact of the copper source on the synthesis of meso-structured CuTUD-1: a promising catalyst for phenol hydroxylation. Catal Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cy00432e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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87
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Thomas RM, Narayanan K, Ramanathan A. A Comparative Study of Technology and Industry Clusters of SMEs in India. SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/097172181201700304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This article attempts to compare the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) belonging to industry and technology clusters in India. They are compared in terms of the technological efforts, nature of competition, competitive strategy, outward orientation, research and development intensity and export intensity. First part of the article gives the economics of clustering and the second part analyses the inter-cluster differences, if any, between the firms belonging to 13 clusters drawn from Mumbai and Thiruvananthapuram. The analysis reveals that the firms in the technology cluster are more outward oriented and R and D intensive compared to their counterparts in the industry cluster. They also differ in terms of the type of competitors and the competitive strategies. While the firms in the technology cluster face competition from established foreign firms, those in the industry cluster from established local firms. Process innovations are used by firms in the technology cluster whereas productivity improvements are used by firms in the industry cluster for sustaining competitive advantage. In the regression analysis, the nature of cluster, use of technology/business collaboration (Networking) and market share emerge as significant variables in explaining the R and D intensity of firms. Export intensity is explained by the R and D intensity and scale of operation.
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88
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Ramanathan A, Muniz SR, Wright KC, Anderson RP, Phillips WD, Helmerson K, Campbell GK. Partial-transfer absorption imaging: a versatile technique for optimal imaging of ultracold gases. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:083119. [PMID: 22938286 DOI: 10.1063/1.4747163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Partial-transfer absorption imaging is a tool that enables optimal imaging of atomic clouds for a wide range of optical depths. In contrast to standard absorption imaging, the technique can be minimally destructive and can be used to obtain multiple successive images of the same sample. The technique involves transferring a small fraction of the sample from an initial internal atomic state to an auxiliary state and subsequently imaging that fraction absorptively on a cycling transition. The atoms remaining in the initial state are essentially unaffected. We demonstrate the technique, discuss its applicability, and compare its performance as a minimally destructive technique to that of phase-contrast imaging.
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Jiang F, Ramanathan A, Miller MT, Tang GQ, Gale M, Patel SS, Marcotrigiano J. Structural insights into RNA recognition and activation by innate immune pattern‐recognition receptor RIG‐I. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.943.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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90
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Vincent-Chong VK, Ismail SM, Rahman ZAA, Sharifah NA, Anwar A, Pradeep PJ, Ramanathan A, Karen-Ng LP, Kallarakkal TG, Mustafa WMW, Abraham MT, Tay KK, Zain RB. Genome-wide analysis of oral squamous cell carcinomas revealed over expression of ISG15, Nestin and WNT11. Oral Dis 2012; 18:469-76. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01894.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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91
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Ramanathan A, Jiang F, Miller MT, Tang GQ, Gale M, Patel SS, Marcotrigiano J. Structural Basis of RNA Recognition and Activation by Innate Immune Receptor RIG-I. Biophys J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.3273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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92
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Jiang F, Ramanathan A, Miller MT, Tang GQ, Gale M, Patel SS, Marcotrigiano J. Structural basis of RNA recognition and activation by innate immune receptor RIG-I. Nature 2011; 479:423-7. [PMID: 21947008 PMCID: PMC3430514 DOI: 10.1038/nature10537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic-acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I; also known as DDX58) is a cytoplasmic pathogen recognition receptor that recognizes pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) motifs to differentiate between viral and cellular RNAs. RIG-I is activated by blunt-ended double-stranded (ds)RNA with or without a 5'-triphosphate (ppp), by single-stranded RNA marked by a 5'-ppp and by polyuridine sequences. Upon binding to such PAMP motifs, RIG-I initiates a signalling cascade that induces innate immune defences and inflammatory cytokines to establish an antiviral state. The RIG-I pathway is highly regulated and aberrant signalling leads to apoptosis, altered cell differentiation, inflammation, autoimmune diseases and cancer. The helicase and repressor domains (RD) of RIG-I recognize dsRNA and 5'-ppp RNA to activate the two amino-terminal caspase recruitment domains (CARDs) for signalling. Here, to understand the synergy between the helicase and the RD for RNA binding, and the contribution of ATP hydrolysis to RIG-I activation, we determined the structure of human RIG-I helicase-RD in complex with dsRNA and an ATP analogue. The helicase-RD organizes into a ring around dsRNA, capping one end, while contacting both strands using previously uncharacterized motifs to recognize dsRNA. Small-angle X-ray scattering, limited proteolysis and differential scanning fluorimetry indicate that RIG-I is in an extended and flexible conformation that compacts upon binding RNA. These results provide a detailed view of the role of helicase in dsRNA recognition, the synergy between the RD and the helicase for RNA binding and the organization of full-length RIG-I bound to dsRNA, and provide evidence of a conformational change upon RNA binding. The RIG-I helicase-RD structure is consistent with dsRNA translocation without unwinding and cooperative binding to RNA. The structure yields unprecedented insight into innate immunity and has a broader impact on other areas of biology, including RNA interference and DNA repair, which utilize homologous helicase domains within DICER and FANCM.
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Dharmaraj R, Griffin J, Ramanathan A, Buckenham T. Case Report: Cystic Adventitial Disease of the External Iliac Artery with Imaging Features of a Complicating Proximal Dissection. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2011.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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94
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Baliga M, Ramanathan A. P212. Palliative care issues – Myiasis, metastasis and pain. Oral Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.06.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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95
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Dharmaraj R, Griffin J, Ramanathan A, Buckenham T. Case Report: Cystic Adventitial Disease of the External Iliac Artery with Imaging Features of a Complicating Proximal Dissection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvsextra.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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96
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Ramanathan A, Wright KC, Muniz SR, Zelan M, Hill WT, Lobb CJ, Helmerson K, Phillips WD, Campbell GK. Superflow in a toroidal Bose-Einstein condensate: an atom circuit with a tunable weak link. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:130401. [PMID: 21517360 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.130401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have created a long-lived (≈40 s) persistent current in a toroidal Bose-Einstein condensate held in an all-optical trap. A repulsive optical barrier across one side of the torus creates a tunable weak link in the condensate circuit, which can affect the current around the loop. Superflow stops abruptly at a barrier strength such that the local flow velocity at the barrier exceeds a critical velocity. The measured critical velocity is consistent with dissipation due to the creation of vortex-antivortex pairs. This system is the first realization of an elementary closed-loop atom circuit.
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Telalović S, Ramanathan A, Ng JF, Maheswari R, Kwakernaak C, Soulimani F, Brouwer HC, Chuah GK, Weckhuysen BM, Hanefeld U. On the synergistic catalytic properties of bimetallic mesoporous materials containing aluminum and zirconium: the Prins cyclisation of citronellal. Chemistry 2011; 17:2077-88. [PMID: 21259348 PMCID: PMC3072521 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bimetallic three-dimensional amorphous mesoporous materials, Al-Zr-TUD-1 materials, were synthesised by using a surfactant-free, one-pot procedure employing triethanolamine (TEA) as a complexing reagent. The amount of aluminium and zirconium was varied in order to study the effect of these metals on the Brønsted and Lewis acidity, as well as on the resulting catalytic activity of the material. The materials were characterised by various techniques, including elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, high-resolution TEM, N2 physisorption, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of NH3, and 27Al MAS NMR, XPS and FT-IR spectroscopy using pyridine and CO as probe molecules. Al-Zr-TUD-1 materials are mesoporous with surface areas ranging from 700–900 m2 g−1, an average pore size of around 4 nm and a pore volume of around 0.70 cm3 g−1. The synthesised Al-Zr-TUD-1 materials were tested as catalyst materials in the Lewis acid catalysed Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction of 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone, the intermolecular Prins synthesis of nopol and in the intramolecular Prins cyclisation of citronellal. Although Al-Zr-TUD-1 catalysts possess a lower amount of acid sites than their monometallic counterparts, according to TPD of NH3, these materials outperformed those of the monometallic Al-TUD-1 as well as Zr-TUD-1 in the Prins cyclisation of citronellal. This proves the existence of synergistic properties of Al-Zr-TUD-1. Due to the intramolecular nature of the Prins cyclisation of citronellal, the hydrophilic surface of the catalyst as well as the presence of both Brønsted and Lewis acid sites synergy could be obtained with bimetallic Al-Zr-TUD-1. Besides spectroscopic investigation of the active sites of the catalyst material a thorough testing of the catalyst in different types of reactions is crucial in identifying its specific active sites.
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Telalović S, Ramanathan A, Ng JF, Maheswari R, Kwakernaak C, Soulimani F, Brouwer HC, Chuah GK, Weckhuysen BM, Hanefeld U. Cover Picture: On the Synergistic Catalytic Properties of Bimetallic Mesoporous Materials Containing Aluminum and Zirconium: The Prins Cyclisation of Citronellal (Chem. Eur. J. 7/2011). Chemistry 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201190029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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99
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Harding S, Johnston L, Michel J, Ramanathan A, La Flamme A, Sasse A, Larsen P. High on Treatment Platelet Reactivity is Common and Differs Among Ethnic Groups. Heart Lung Circ 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2011.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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100
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Mahdey HM, Ramanathan A, Ismail SM, Abraham MT, Jamaluddin M, Zain RB. Cyclin D1 amplification in tongue and cheek squamous cell carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011; 12:2199-2204. [PMID: 22296356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several molecular markers have been studied for their usefulness as prognostic markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). One such molecular marker is cyclin D1 which is a proto-oncogene located on 11q13 in humans. OBJECTIVE To explore the feasibility of using cyclin D1 as a prognostic marker in tongue and cheek SCC by the fluorescent-in-situ hybridization (FISH) method. METHODS Fifty paraffin-embedded samples (25 each of cheek and tongue SCCs) were obtained from the archives of the Oral Pathology Diagnostic Laboratory. Sociodemographic data, histopathologic diagnoses, lymph node status and survival data were obtained from the Malaysian Oral Cancer Database and Tissue Bank System (MOCDTBS)coordinated by the Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), University of Malaya. The FISH technique was used to detect the amplification of cyclin D1 using the Vysis protocol. Statistical correlations of cyclin D1 with site and lymph node status were analyzed using the Fisher exact test. Kaplan-Meier and Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) test were used to analyze cyclin D1 amplification and median survival time. RESULTS Positive amplification of cyclin D1 was detected in 72% (36) of OSCCs. Detection of positive amplification for cyclin D1 was observed in 88% (22) and 56% (14) of the tongue and cheek tumors, respectively, where the difference was statistically significant (P=0.012). Lymph node metastasis of cheek SCCs showed a trend towards a significant association (P= 0.098) with cyclin D1 amplification whereas the lymph node metastasis of tongue SCC was clearly not significant (P=0.593).There was a statistically significant correlation between cyclin D1 positivity and survival rate (P=0.009) for overall SCC cases and (P<0.001) for cheek SCC cases. CONCLUSION The present study found that cyclin D1 amplification may differ in different subsites of OSCC (tongue vs cheek) and its positive amplification implies an overall poor survival in OSCCs, particularly those arising in cheeks.
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