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Arora H, Wu A, Raha S, Boyle J, Paunesku T, Woloschak G. Conjugation to Fe3O4@TiO2 Nanoparticles Increases Uptake and Nuclear Localization of Doxorubicin in a Drug-Resistant Ovarian Carcinoma Model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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152
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Wu A, Zeng Q, Kang TH, Peng S, Roosinovich E, Pai SI, Hung CF. Innovative DNA vaccine for human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated head and neck cancer. Gene Ther 2010; 18:304-12. [PMID: 20981112 PMCID: PMC3032008 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2010.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly type 16, has been associated with a subset of head and neck cancers. The viral-encoded oncogenic proteins E6 and E7 represent ideal targets for immunotherapy against HPV-associated head and neck cancers. DNA vaccines have emerged as attractive approaches for immunotherapy due to its simplicity, safety, and ease of preparation. Intradermal administration of DNA vaccine via gene gun represents an efficient method to deliver DNA directly into dendritic cells for priming antigen-specific T cells. We have previously shown that a DNA vaccine encoding an invariant chain (Ii), in which the class II-associated Ii peptide (CLIP) region has been replaced by a Pan-DR-epitope (PADRE) sequence to form Ii-PADRE, is capable of generating PADRE-specific CD4+ T cells in vaccinated mice. In the current study, we hypothesize a DNA vaccine encoding Ii-PADRE linked to E6 (Ii-PADRE-E6) will further enhance E6-specific CD8+ T cell immune responses through PADRE-specific CD4+ T helper cells. We found that mice vaccinated with Ii-PADRE-E6 DNA generated comparable levels of PADRE-specific CD4+ T cell immune responses as well as significantly stronger E6-specific CD8+ T cell immune responses and antitumor effects against the lethal challenge of E6-expressing tumor compared to mice vaccinated with Ii-E6 DNA. Taken together, our data indicates that vaccination with Ii-E6 DNA with PADRE replacing the CLIP region is capable of enhancing the E6-specific CD8+ T cell immune response generated by the Ii-E6 DNA. Thus, Ii-PADRE-E6 represents a novel DNA vaccine for the treatment of HPV-associated head and neck cancer and other HPV-associated malignancies.
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Wu A, Wei J, Kong LY, Wang Y, Priebe W, Sawaya R, Heimberger AB, Wei J, Wu A, Kong LY, Wang Y, Priebe W, Heimberger A, Kong LY, Doucette T, Wei J, Priebe W, Sawaya R, Yang J, Rao G, Heimberger A, Shimato S, Meier LM, Castelli M, Canoll P, Asslaber M, Bruce JN, Anderson DE, Anderson RC, Mahlum EW, Jenkins RB, Kohanbash G, Mintz AH, McKaveney K, McDonald HA, Ohlfest JR, Okada H, Fujita M, Zhang L, Liu W, Alizadeh D, Zhao D, Farrukh O, Badie B, Raychaudhuri B, Pellegatta S, Cantini G, Pisati F, Cuppini L, Finocchiaro G, Albesiano E, Han JE, See A, Jackson C, Lim M, Nag K, White J, Sippel T, Klaassen M, Tsvankin V, Waziri A, Mittal S, Zitron IM, Kupsky WJ, Alkonyi B, Sood S, Juhasz C, Zitron IM, Juhasz C, Mittal S. Immunology Research. Neuro Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noq116.s4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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154
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Pathiraja VA, Lutton B, Wikiel K, Duran-Struuck R, Matar A, Crepeau R, Wamala I, Teague A, Wu A, Huang CA, Sachs DH. STEM CELL MOBILIZATION AND LEUKAPHERESIS IN MINIATURE SWINE FOR THE PURPOSE OF FACILITATING HEMATOPOEITIC CELL ENGRAFTMENT FOLLOWING MINIMALLY TOXIC CONDITIONING. Transplantation 2010. [DOI: 10.1097/00007890-201007272-02026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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155
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Kuo H, Mah D, Wu A, Chuang K, Hong L, Yaparpalvi R, Spierer M, Kalnicki S. SU-GG-J-85: A Method Incorporating 4DCT Data for Evaluating the Dosimetric Effects of Respiratory Motion in Single Arc IMAT. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3468309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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156
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Kuo HC, Mah D, Chuang KS, Wu A, Hong L, Yaparpalvi R, Spierer M, Kalnicki S. A method incorporating 4DCT data for evaluating the dosimetric effects of respiratory motion in single-arc IMAT. Phys Med Biol 2010; 55:3479-97. [PMID: 20508324 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/55/12/014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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157
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Ji J, Wu A, Li Z, Liu Y, Li R, Zhang Z, Wang S, Ye Y, Li F. Perioperative chemotherapy with oxaliplatin/5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (FOLFOX7) for locally advanced gastric cancer: Final results of a prospective multicenter phase II study (BJSA-01) with 2 years follow-up. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.4021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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158
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Kobashigawa E, Schwartz J, Hsueh WC, Bendjilali N, Wu A, De Marco T. 442: Lower Weight Related to Elevated Liver Enzymes in Pulmonary Hypertension Patients Treated with Bosentan. J Heart Lung Transplant 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2009.11.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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159
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Tong YC, Lee ML, Ting OS, Wu A. Phy27 Preliminary Result on the Effectiveness of ADL Efficacy Training for Fractured Hip Patients. Hong Kong J Occup Ther 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1861(10)70029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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160
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Arora H, Wu A, Boyle J, Paunesku T, Woloschak G. Conjugation to Fe3O4@TiO2 Nanoparticles Increases Uptake and Nuclear Localization of Doxorubicin in a Drug-resistant Ovarian Carcinoma Model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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161
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Boyle J, Wu A, Arora H, Paunesku T, Woloschak G. The Radiosensitizing Effects of Titanium-dioxide Nanoparticles In Vitro. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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162
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Cheng S, Dietrich M, Finnigan S, Sandler A, Crites J, Ferranti L, Wu A, Dilts D. A sense of urgency: Evaluating the link between clinical trial development time and the accrual performance of CTEP-sponsored studies. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.18_suppl.cra6509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CRA6509 Background: Post-activation barriers to oncology clinical trial accruals are well documented; however, potential barriers prior to trial opening are not. We investigate one such barrier: trial development time. Methods: National Cancer Institute Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (NCI-CTEP) sponsored trials for all therapeutic, non-pediatric phase I,I/II, II, and III studies activated in an eight year period (2000–2007) were investigated (n=553). Successful trials were those achieving 100% of minimum accrual goal. Time to open a study was the calendar time from initial CTEP submission to trialactivation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used tocalculate unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios, controlling for study phase and size of expected accruals. Results: 40.0 percent (n=221) of CTEP-approved oncology trials failed to achieve minimum accrual goals, with 49.2 percent (n=30) of phase III trials failing to achieve at least 25 percent of accrual goals. A total of 8,723 patients (17.0% of accruals) accrued to those studies that were unable to achieve the projected minimum accrual goal. Trials requiring 9–12 months development were significantly more likely to achieve accrual goals (odds ratio, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.06 to 3.52, P=0.031) than trials requiring the median time (15–18 months); trials that exceeded 27 months of development time were significantly less likely of achieving accrual goals (odds ratio, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.54, P=0.004). Conclusions: A large percentage of oncology clinical trials do not achieve minimum projected accruals. Trial development time appears to be one important predictor of the likelihood of successfully achieving the minimum accrual goals. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Kuo H, Mah D, Wu A, Chuang K, Hong L, Yaparpalvi R. SU-FF-I-99: Multi-Level Regularization Approaches of Non-Parametric Deformable Registrations. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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164
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Ruaño G, Thompson P, Kane J, Pullinger C, Windemuth A, Gordon B, Seip R, Kocherla M, Wu A. Abstract: 37 PHYSIOGENOMIC CONTOURS OF STATIN SAFETY AND EFFICACY. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)70096-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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165
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Lee C, Chen C, Mah D, Sharma R, Landau E, Garg M, Wu A. SU-FF-T-112: Dose Sparing of Brainstem and Spinal Cord for Re-Irradiating Recurrent Head and Neck Cancer with Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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166
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Cheng S, Dietrich M, Finnigan S, Sandler A, Crites J, Ferranti L, Wu A, Dilts D. A sense of urgency: Evaluating the link between clinical trial development time and the accrual performance of CTEP-sponsored studies. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.cra6509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CRA6509 The full, final text of this abstract will be available in Part II of the 2009 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings, distributed onsite at the Meeting on May 30, 2009, and as a supplement to the June 20, 2009, issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Sharma S, Zhuang Y, Ying Z, Wu A, Gomez-Pinilla F. Dietary curcumin supplementation counteracts reduction in levels of molecules involved in energy homeostasis after brain trauma. Neuroscience 2009; 161:1037-44. [PMID: 19393301 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is followed by an energy crisis that compromises the capacity of the brain to cope with challenges, and often reduces cognitive ability. New research indicates that events that regulate energy homeostasis crucially impact synaptic function and this can compromise the capacity of the brain to respond to challenges during the acute and chronic phases of TBI. The goal of the present study is to determine the influence of the phenolic yellow curry pigment curcumin on molecular systems involved with the monitoring, balance, and transduction of cellular energy, in the hippocampus of animals exposed to mild fluid percussion injury (FPI). Young adult rats were exposed to a regular diet (RD) without or with 500 ppm curcumin (Cur) for four weeks, before an FPI was performed. The rats were assigned to four groups: RD/Sham, Cur/Sham, RD/FPI, and Cur/FPI. We found that FPI decreased the levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase (uMtCK) and cytochrome c oxidase II (COX-II) in RD/FPI rats as compared to the RD/sham rats. The curcumin diet counteracted the effects of FPI and elevated the levels of AMPK, uMtCK, COX-II in Cur/FPI rats as compared to RD/sham rats. In addition, in the Cur/sham rats, AMPK and uMtCK increased compared to the RD/sham. Results show the potential of curcumin to regulate molecules involved in energy homeostasis following TBI. These studies may foster a new line of therapeutic treatments for TBI patients by endogenous upregulation of molecules important for functional recovery.
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168
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Rame J, Wu A, McGlothlin D, Mehr AJ, Hernandez J, Hoopes C, Chatterjee K, De Marco T, Dries D. 215: Elevated Unprocessed Brain Natriuretic Peptide (proBNP) and an Increased Ratio of proBNP/BNP Are Associated with Early Heart Failure Progression in African-Americans: Results from an A-HeFT Substudy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2008.11.845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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169
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Wang Y, Feng C, Wu Z, Wu A, Yue Y. Activity of the descending noradrenergic pathway after surgery in rats. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2008; 52:1336-41. [PMID: 19025524 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2008.01778.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that activation of the descending noradrenergic inhibition pathway results in analgesia after surgery. However, the time course of activity of the descending noradrenergic pathway after surgery has not been examined previously. Here, we investigated the spinal release of noradrenaline (NA) in the post-operative period in a freely moving rat model of incisional pain. METHODS Loop microdialysis catheters were implanted subarachnoidally via the atlanto-occipital membrane in Sprague-Dawley rats. Twelve healthy rats without neural deficits were divided into two groups, Group A and Group B, following 5 days of recovery. A plantar incision in the right hind paws of rats in Group A was performed under 1.2% isoflurane. All rats in Group B were only anesthetized by 1.2% isoflurane for the same duration. The microdialysate samples for NA determination were collected before anesthesia, 3 h and 1, 2 and 3 days after incision (or isoflurane anesthesia in Group B) in both groups. The cumulative pain scores were assessed at the above time points. RESULTS The spinal release of NA increased gradually, peaked at 2 days after the incision and remained at the peak level up to the third day after the incision. The cumulative pain scores peaked 3 h after the incision, and gradually decreased afterwards and returned to the baseline values 3 days after the incision. CONCLUSIONS The descending NA tone might be apparently more active in the post-operative period. The descending noradrenergic inhibitory pathway plays an important role in post-operative neuroplasticity.
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Wu A, Kunju LP, Cheng L, Shah RB. Renal cell carcinoma in children and young adults: analysis of clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular characteristics with an emphasis on the spectrum of Xp11.2 translocation-associated and unusual clear cell subtypes. Histopathology 2008; 53:533-44. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2008.03151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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171
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Tang J, Pathak S, Terlizzo M, Haqqani M, Wu A, Poston G. Are obesity (expressed as body mass index [BMI]=25kg/m2) and hepatic steatosis contraindications to patients undergoing hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM)? Eur J Surg Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2008.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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172
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Chuang K, Kuo H, Wu A, Liu W, Mah D, Kalniki S, Guha C. Biological Effects of the Geometry Uncertainty in the Intensity Modulation Delivery of the Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Tumor. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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173
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Laird AS, Wu A, Lauschke JL. Changes in motoneuron properties following spinal cord transection: does afferent input play a role? J Physiol 2008; 586:3031-2. [PMID: 18483070 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2008.153775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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174
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Wu A, Ying Z, Gomez-Pinilla F. Docosahexaenoic acid dietary supplementation enhances the effects of exercise on synaptic plasticity and cognition. Neuroscience 2008; 155:751-9. [PMID: 18620024 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids (i.e. docosahexaenoic acid; DHA), similar to exercise, improve cognitive function, promote neuroplasticity, and protect against neurological lesion. In this study, we investigated a possible synergistic action between DHA dietary supplementation and voluntary exercise on modulating synaptic plasticity and cognition. Rats received DHA dietary supplementation (1.25% DHA) with or without voluntary exercise for 12 days. We found that the DHA-enriched diet significantly increased spatial learning ability, and these effects were enhanced by exercise. The DHA-enriched diet increased levels of pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and mature BDNF, whereas the additional application of exercise boosted the levels of both. Furthermore, the levels of the activated forms of CREB and synapsin I were incremented by the DHA-enriched diet with greater elevation by the concurrent application of exercise. While the DHA diet reduced hippocampal oxidized protein levels, a combination of a DHA diet and exercise resulted in a greater reduction rate. The levels of activated forms of hippocampal Akt and CaMKII were increased by the DHA-enriched diet, and with even greater elevation by a combination of diet and exercise. Akt and CaMKII signaling are crucial step by which BDNF exerts its action on synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. These results indicate that the DHA diet enhanced the effects of exercise on cognition and BDNF-related synaptic plasticity, a capacity that may be used to promote mental health and reduce risk of neurological disorders.
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Dilts DM, Sandler AB, Cheng S, Crites J, Ferranti L, Wu A, Bookman MA, Thomas JP, Ostroff J. Accrual to clinical trials at selected comprehensive cancer centers. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.6543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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176
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O'Reilly DA, Chaudhari M, Ballal M, Ghaneh P, Wu A, Poston GJ. The Oncosurge strategy for the management of colorectal liver metastases – An external validation study. Eur J Surg Oncol 2008; 34:538-40. [PMID: 17560066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2007.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 04/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Because most patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) present to general surgeons and oncologists without a specialist interest in their management, a computer program (OncoSurge) has been created that identifies individual patient resectability and recommends optimal treatment strategies. The aim of this study was to validate the Oncosurge strategy by comparing its recommendations with the decisions made by a multidisciplinary (MDT) meeting, in a supra-regional hepatobiliary referral centre, using real cases with known outcomes. METHODS We reviewed the records and imaging of 98 consecutive patients with CRLM, who had been referred for decision making to our MDT meeting between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2004. All patient and tumour characteristics were entered onto the Oncosurge decision model, which was accessed at www.evidis.com/oncosurge/ RESULTS There was concordance between Oncosurge and MDT decisions in 93/98 cases. The observed kappa (kappa) was 0.850 (95% CI: 0.728-0.972). In descriptive terms, a kappa score greater than 0.8 equates to "almost perfect agreement". CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the validity of the Oncosurge system when compared to one year of decision making in an established hepatobiliary MDT meeting. This confirms the utility of the Oncosurge system for decision making, audit and educational purposes.
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Cool SM, Kenny B, Wu A, Nurcombe V, Trau M, Cassady AI, Grøndahl L. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) composite biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration: in vitro performance assessed by osteoblast proliferation, osteoclast adhesion and resorption, and macrophage proinflammatory response. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 82:599-610. [PMID: 17315229 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of composite materials for bone tissue engineering is dependent on the materials' ability to support bone regeneration whilst inducing a minimal inflammatory response. In this study we examined the in vitro osteogenic and inflammatory properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-valerate) (PHBV) with various calcium phosphate-reinforcing phases: nano-sized hydroxyapatite (HA); submicron-sized calcined hydroxyapatite (cHA); and submicron-sized beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP), using bioassays of cultured osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and macrophages. Our study showed that the addition of a nano-sized reinforcing phase to PHBV, whilst improving osteogenic properties, also reduces the proinflammatory response. Proinflammatory responses of RAW264.7/ELAM-eGFP macrophages to PHBV were shown to be markedly reduced by the introduction of a reinforcing phase, with HA/PHBV composites having the lowest inflammatory response. Osteoclasts, whilst able to attach to all the materials, failed to form functional actin rings or resorption pits on any of the materials under investigation. Cultures of osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) readily attached and mineralised on all the materials, with HA/PHBV inducing the highest levels of mineralization. The improved biological performance of HA/PHBV composites when compared with cHA/PHBV and beta-TCP/PHBV composites is most likely a result of the nano-sized reinforcing phase of HA/PHBV and the greater surface presentation of mineral in these composites. Our results provide a new strategy for improving the suitability of PHBV-based materials for bone tissue regeneration.
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Wu A, Edgar DW, Wood FM. The QuickDASH is an appropriate tool for measuring the quality of recovery after upper limb burn injury. Burns 2007; 33:843-9. [PMID: 17686586 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2007.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upper limb (UL) burns commonly result in significant dysfunction. The measurement of disability is vital to assess recovery after burn injury. The QuickDASH questionnaire was developed to evaluate UL disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate its validity, repeatability and responsiveness for burn patients. METHODS In 2006, 85 patients with UL burns were recruited at Royal Perth Hospital. Each completed both QuickDASH and Burns Specific Health Scale-Brief (BSHS-B) at regular intervals after their burn. Further, 67 patients repeated the questionnaire 1 day after completing it at discharge. RESULTS Validity-Criterion validity was demonstrated between QuickDASH and BSHS-B through good correlations (r(2)=-0.79 to -0.89). Construct validity was demonstrated using burn severity markers. QuickDASH scores significantly differed when grouped according to major burn, full thickness burn, surgery and need for hospital admission. Repeatability-QuickDASH showed excellent repeatability (ICC=0.93). Responsiveness-Effect size of QuickDASH was demonstrated to be greater than BSHS-B at all measurement points. CONCLUSIONS This longitudinal study confirms the validity, repeatability and responsiveness of the QuickDASH outcome measure in patients with upper limb burns. It supports the use of the QuickDASH in this population to help assess change in functional level.
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Astner S, Wu A, Chen J, Philips N, Rius-Diaz F, Parrado C, Mihm MC, Goukassian DA, Pathak MA, González S. Dietary Lutein/Zeaxanthin Partially Reduces Photoaging and Photocarcinogenesis in Chronically UVB-Irradiated Skh-1 Hairless Mice. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2007; 20:283-91. [PMID: 17717424 DOI: 10.1159/000107576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2006] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lutein and zeaxanthin are xanthophyll carotenoids with potent antioxidant properties protecting the skin from acute photodamage. This study extended the investigation to chronic photodamage and photocarcinogenesis. Mice received either a lutein/zeaxanthin-supplemented diet or a standard nonsupplemented diet. Dorsal skin of female Skh-1 hairless mice was exposed to UVB radiation with a cumulative dose of 16,000 mJ/cm(2) for photoaging and 30,200 mJ/cm(2) for photocarcinogenesis. Clinical evaluations were performed weekly, and the animals were sacrificed 24 h after the last UVB exposure. For photoaging experiments, skin fold thickness, suprapapillary plate thickness, mast cell counts and dermal desmosine content were evaluated. For photocarcinogenesis, samples of tumors larger than 2 mm were analyzed for histological characterization, hyperproliferation index, tumor multiplicity, total tumor volume and tumor-free survival time. Results of the photoaging experiment revealed that skin fold thickness and number of infiltrating mast cells following UVB irradiation were significantly less in lutein/zeaxanthin-treated mice when compared to irradiated animals fed the standard diet. The results of the photocarcinogenesis experiment were increased tumor-free survival time, reduced tumor multiplicity and total tumor volume in lutein/zeaxanthin-treated mice in comparison with control irradiated animals fed the standard diet. These data demonstrate that dietary lutein/zeaxanthin supplementation protects the skin against UVB-induced photoaging and photocarcinogenesis.
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Wu A, Chen J, Baserga R. Nuclear insulin receptor substrate-1 activates promoters of cell cycle progression genes. Oncogene 2007; 27:397-403. [PMID: 17700539 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) is a docking protein of the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor and of the insulin receptor. IRS-1 sends a strong mitogenic, anti-apoptotic signal and plays an important role in cell transformation and cancer. IRS-1 translocates to nuclei of cells, where it increases the activity of the rDNA, c-myc and cyclin D1 promoters. We show, by chromatin immunoprecipitation, occupancy by IRS-1 of the same promoters. Both promoter activation and promoter occupancy are IGF-1-dependent. In cells that respond to IGF-1 but in which IRS-1 does not translocate to nuclei, promoter occupancy is absent and promoter activation is absent or much reduced. Transcriptional activation of c-myc and cyclin D1 promoters by nuclear IRS-1 does not occur with a mutant, inactive IRS-1 protein (deletion of the phosphotyrosine-binding domain, PTB) and does not require PI3-kinase activity. Taken together, these results indicate a novel mechanism by which nuclear IRS-1 activates cell cycle genes.
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181
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Leung KK, Lai A, Wu A. A randomised controlled trial of the electric heating pad vs forced-air warming for preventing hypothermia during laparotomy. Anaesthesia 2007; 62:605-8. [PMID: 17506741 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2007.05021.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A randomised controlled trial was conducted to compare the efficacy of upper body forced-air warming (Bair Hugger, Augustine Medical model 500/OR, Prairie, MN) with that of an electric heating pad (Operatherm 202, KanMed, Bromma, Sweden) for maintenance of intra-operative body temperature in 60 patients undergoing laparotomy under general anaesthesia. The nasopharyngeal temperature was recorded throughout the operative period. The mean (SD) final temperatures were 36.2 (0.4) degrees C with forced-air warming and 35.5 (1.0) degrees C with electric heating pad (p < 0.01). Upper body forced-air warming is more effective than the heating pad for maintenance of body temperature during laparotomy.
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Friedman JD, Vaishampayan U, Wood D, Wu A, Bradley D, Dunn RL, Montie J, Sarkar FH, Shah R, Hussain M. Neoadjuvant docetaxel and capecitabine in patients (Pts) with high-risk prostate cancer (PCa): Final results of a phase II trial. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.5147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5147 Background: Docetaxel is the most active cytotoxic agent in PCa. Pre-clinically docetaxel increases the expression of thymidine phosphorylase (TP), an enzyme responsible for activation of capecitabine to 5-fluorouracil. We assessed the activity and safety of neoadjuvant docetaxel and capecitabine (DC) in pts with high risk PCa. Methods: Non-metastatic PCa pts with clinical stage >T2, or PSA = 15 ng/ml or biopsy Gleason sum (GS) = 8 received 3–6 cycles of docetaxel (36 mg/m2 IV on days 1, 8, and 15) and capecitabine (1,250 mg/m2/day PO on days 5–18) q 28 days, followed by local therapy. The primary endpoint of this 2-stage phase II trial was rate of = 50% decline in PSA. Secondary endpoints included safety and correlative measures of treatment effect (qualitative changes in histology, tissue TP and survivin expression, and CK18Asp396 [apoptosis marker] in serum). Results: Fifteen pts were enrolled with median age of 58 years, median GS =8 and PSA of 23.2 ng/mL. Five pts met 1, 7 met 2, and 3 met 3 entry criteria. 14 pts completed 3 or more cycles of DC, with a median follow up of 17.5 months (9–34). Six of the 15 patients (40%) experienced a = 50% decline in PSA, which was below the 7 required for expansion of the study. Median testosterone did not change post therapy. Eleven pts underwent radical prostatectomy (RP), with no increase in surgical complications. Six pts had positive margins, and 2 had lymph node involvement. Of the 8 patients who underwent RP alone, 5 developed a biochemical recurrence in a median time of 11 months. Grade 3 or 4 toxicities were diarrhea(3), mucositis(2), hand foot syndrome(1) and neutropenia(2). Post versus pre therapy tissue had only mild chemotherapy-effects (4/7 samples), including focal clear cell changes, apoptosis/pyknosis, and necrosis. While there was no discernable pattern of increased TP expression, 4/7 specimens showed decreased survivin expression, suggesting a possible mechanism for chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. There was no correlation of PSA response and survivin expression and no increase in serum CK18Asp396. Conclusions: Docetaxel and capecitabine in the neoadjuvant setting is well tolerated, but results in modest pathologic and PSA responses. Supported by Sanofi- Aventis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Wu A, Oh S, Ericson K, Demorest ZL, Vengco I, Gharagozlou S, Chen W, Low WC, Ohlfest JR. Transposon-based interferon gamma gene transfer overcomes limitations of episomal plasmid for immunogene therapy of glioblastoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2007; 14:550-60. [PMID: 17415381 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7701045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite improvements in gene delivery technology, transient expression of plasmid DNA has limited the efficacy of nonviral vectors applied to cancer gene therapy. We previously developed plasmid DNA vectors capable of transgene integration and long-term expression in human glioblastoma cells by utilizing the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposable element. In this study, we compared the efficacy of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) immunogene therapy using episomal or SB vectors in a syngeneic GL261 glioma model. Gene delivery was achieved by intratumoral convection-enhanced delivery of DNA/polyethylenimine complexes. Only mice treated with SB transposase-encoding DNA to facilitate chromosomal integration exhibited a significant increase in survival (P<0.05). SB-mediated intratumoral gene transfer caused sustained IFN-gamma expression assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, of both vector-derived and endogenous IFN-gamma, whereas expression following episomal plasmid gene transfer was undetectable within 2 weeks. Median survival was enhanced further when SB-mediated IFN-gamma gene transfer was combined with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides as adjuvant therapy. Prolonged survival positively correlated with tumor regression measured by in vivo bioluminescent imaging, and enhanced T-cell activation revealed by the ELISPOT assay. SB appears to improve the efficacy of cytokine gene therapy using nonviral vectors by enhancing the duration of transgene expression.
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Garsa AA, Andrade RS, Heron DE, Beriwal S, Kim H, Brandner E, Kuo G, Chen H, Gerszten K, Yue JN, Huq MS, Lee J, Lalonde R, Wu A. Four-dimensional computed tomography-based respiratory-gated whole-abdominal intensity-modulated radiation therapy for ovarian cancer: a feasibility study. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2007; 17:55-60. [PMID: 17291232 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00743.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assesses the feasibility and implementation of respiratory-gated whole-abdominal intensity-modulated radiation therapy (RG-WAIMRT). Three patients were treated with RG-WAIMRT. The planning target volume (PTV1) included the entire peritoneal cavity and a pelvic boost field was created (PTV2). The dose prescribed was 30 Gy to PTV1 and 14.4 Gy to PTV2. For comparison, a conventional three-dimensional (3D) plan was generated for each patient. In the WAIMRT plan, an average of 90% of PTV1 received 30 Gy compared to 70% for the conventional 3D plan. The percent volume receiving 30 Gy (V30) for liver averaged 54% (WAIMRT) vs 43% (3D). The percent volume receiving 20 Gy (V20) for kidneys averaged 19% vs 0%, and the mean V20 for bone marrow was 74% vs 83%, respectively. Major acute toxicities were anemia (grade 2: 1/3), leukopenia (grade 3: 2/3 patients), and thrombocytopenia (grade 2: 1/3 patients, grade 3: 1/3 patients). One patient could not complete the whole-abdomen field after 19.5 Gy because of persistent nausea. No major subacute toxicity has been reported. WAIMRT demonstrated superior target coverage and reduced dose to bone marrow, with a slightly increased dose to liver and kidneys. WAIMRT is a novel and feasible technique for ovarian cancer treatment.
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Nowak R, Isakson S, Beede J, Penny W, Moyer M, Peacock W, Moffa D, Harrison A, Wu A, Kirk J, Diercks D, Maisel A. 5. Ann Emerg Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.07.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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186
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Wu A, Krishnan R, Slezicki K, Xiao M, Dichek H, Dichek D. ID: 361 Macrophage-Expressed Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Accelerates Atherosclerosis Progression in Two Mouse Models. J Thromb Haemost 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.00361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Krishnan R, Kremen M, Wu A, Slezicki K, Shi H, Dichek H, Dichek D. ID: 274 Macrophage-Expressed Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator is an Important Modifier of Atherosclerosis. J Thromb Haemost 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.00274.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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188
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Dilts DM, Sandler AB, Baker M, Cheng S, McGuire S, Menon G, Wu A, Karas K, Sawyer D, Schilsky RL. A timing and process flow analysis of opening clinical trials within an oncology cooperative group setting: The case of the CALGB. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.6015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
6015 Background: Cooperative oncology groups are major sponsors of Phase III clinical trials, yet the number of steps and times required to setup and open such a trial have yet to be studied. This study assesses these items in the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) for all Phase III studies opened in a 3 year period. Methods: Step 1: headquarters and statistical center staff were interviewed to discover the detailed steps required for a study to transit from initial concept submission by a potential study chair to final activation of the study. The formal procedures manuals were also reviewed. All study records and draft protocol documents were inspected to verify and identify additional setup steps. Finally, data was collected through direct contact with study chairs and disease committee chairs. Step 2: timing data for each of the major functions or processes were collected. All times are from initial initiation of the function to the final completion of the task. Times represent calendar time. Step 3: creation of stream-lined process flows, currently underway. Members from the CALGB and the Vanderbilt Center for Management Research in Healthcare (cmrhc.org) will spend 2 days creating a process to significantly reduce the time and the number of steps to opening a trial. Results: A total of 13 Phase III studies were activated during the 3 years study period. 372 processes are required to open a Phase III at CALGB, which include 314 work steps, 43 major decision points. Interesting, most of the decision points (63%) are external to CALGB. There are 23 processing loops that require repeating processes. The process map, which lists all processes, is a chart 243.5” × 41 in 8 pt font (or about the length of a 20 passenger bus). Median calendar days to activate a Phase III study at CALGB is 767 days (min = 488, max = 1,441). The three functions requiring the greatest median days are protocol development (477), forms development (434), and regulatory affairs (350). Conclusion: It can require years to open a Phase III study at a major cooperative oncology group. Using process redesign techniques, we expect to be able to significantly streamline the process. Support provided by the NCI. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Tao S, Wu A, Wu Y, Chen Y, Zhang J. Patient Set-up in Radiotherapy with Video-based Positioning System. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2006; 18:363-6. [PMID: 16703757 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2005.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The precision of patient position set-up is important in radiotherapy. A simple and effective scheme is proposed to calibrate the binocular cameras into the treatment machine co-ordinate system to accomplish the patient's first set-up using the video-based positioning system. We also introduce the marking of points on the surface of the body, which can be clearly imaged by computed tomography and are easily recognised from the photograph by the charge coupled device (CCD) camera. By comparing the real-time co-ordinates of the marked points with those obtained from the computed tomography, and with subsequent adjustment, the patient's first set-up in radiotherapy is realised with the video-based positioning system.
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190
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Wu A, Drummond GB. Respiratory muscle activity and respiratory obstruction after abdominal surgery. Br J Anaesth 2006; 96:510-5. [PMID: 16490761 DOI: 10.1093/bja/ael035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory movements in patients after abdominal surgery are frequently abnormal, with associated disturbances in the pattern of inspiratory pressure generation. The reasons for these abnormalities are not clear and have been attributed to impaired action of the diaphragm. However, an alternative is that partial airway obstruction could trigger reflex activation of the inspiratory ribcage muscles, which would cause a similar pattern of inspiratory pressure change. Direct measurement of electrical activity can indicate if reflex activation of inspiratory muscles occurs when partial airway obstruction is present. METHODS In an open study, we implanted electrodes to measure the EMG of scalene, intercostal and external oblique abdominal muscles in patients after lower abdominal surgery. Analgesia was with morphine i.v. by patient control. We used nasal cannulae to measure nasal airflow and compared EMG activity when airway obstruction was present with activity when breathing was not obstructed. RESULTS The pattern of activity of the different muscles was distinct. Intercostal activity reached a maximum during inspiration, before the scalene muscles, whereas scalene activity increased in phase with increasing lung volume. Abdominal muscle activity commenced when expiratory flow had ceased and continued until the next inspiration. In all three muscle groups, partial airway obstruction did not alter muscle activity. CONCLUSIONS Partial airway obstruction does not activate inspiratory ribcage muscles, in patients receiving morphine for postoperative analgesia after lower abdominal surgery. Changes in respiratory pressures and abnormalities of chest wall movement described in previous studies cannot be attributed to reflex responses and probably result from increased airway resistance and abdominal muscle action.
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191
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Vaynman S, Ying Z, Wu A, Gomez-Pinilla F. Coupling energy metabolism with a mechanism to support brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mediated synaptic plasticity. Neuroscience 2006; 139:1221-34. [PMID: 16580138 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2005] [Revised: 01/19/2006] [Accepted: 01/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity and behaviors are likely dependent on the capacity of neurons to meet the energy demands imposed by neuronal activity. We used physical activity, a paradigm intrinsically associated with energy consumption/expenditure and cognitive enhancement, to study how energy metabolism interacts with the substrates for neuroplasticity. We found that in an area critical for learning and memory, the hippocampus, exercise modified aspects of energy metabolism by decreasing oxidative stress and increasing the levels of cytochrome c oxidase-II, a specific component of mitochondrial machinery. We infused 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, a modulator of energy metabolism, directly into the hippocampus during 3 days of voluntary wheel running and measured its effects on brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mediated synaptic plasticity. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a central player for the effects of exercise on synaptic and cognitive plasticity. We found that 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 decreased exercise-induced brain-derived neurotrophic factor but had no significant effect on neurotrophin-3 levels, thereby suggesting a level of specificity for brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus. 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 injection also abolished the effects of exercise on the consummate end-products of brain-derived neurotrophic factor action, i.e. cyclic AMP response element-binding protein and synapsin I, and modulated phosphorylated calmodulin protein kinase II, a signal transduction cascade downstream to brain-derived neurotrophic factor action that is important for learning and memory. We also found that exercise significantly increased the expression of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2, an energy-balancing factor concerned with ATP production and free radical management. Our results reveal a fundamental mechanism by which key elements of energy metabolism may modulate the substrates of hippocampal synaptic plasticity.
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192
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Yu CM, Wong RSM, Wu EB, Kong SL, Wong J, Yip GWK, Soo YOY, Chiu MLS, Chan YS, Hui D, Lee N, Wu A, Leung CB, Sung JJY. Cardiovascular complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Postgrad Med J 2006; 82:140-4. [PMID: 16461478 PMCID: PMC2596695 DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.2005.037515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a virulent viral infection that affects a number of organs and systems. This study examined if SARS may result in cardiovascular complications. METHODS AND RESULTS 121 patients (37.5 (SD13.2) years, 36% male) diagnosed to have SARS were assessed continuously for blood pressure, pulse, and temperature during their stay in hospital. Hypotension occurred in 61 (50.4%) patients in hospital, and was found in 28.1%, 21.5%, and 14.8% of patients during the first, second, and third week, respectively. Only one patient who had transient echocardiographic evidence of impaired left ventricular systolic function required temporary inotropic support. Tachycardia was present in 87 (71.9%) patients, and was found in 62.8%, 45.4%, and 35.5% of patients from the first to third week. It occurred independent of hypotension, and could not be explained by the presence of fever. Tachycardia was also present in 38.8% of patients at follow up. Bradycardia only occurred in 18 (14.9%) patients as a transient event. Reversible cardiomegaly was reported in 13 (10.7%) patients, but without clinical evidence of heart failure. Transient atrial fibrillation was present in one patient. Corticosteroid therapy was weakly associated with tachycardia during the second (chi(2) = 3.99, p = 0.046) and third week (chi(2) = 6.53, p = 0.01), although it could not explain tachycardia during follow up. CONCLUSIONS In patients with SARS, cardiovascular complications including hypotension and tachycardia were common but usually self limiting. Bradycardia and cardiomegaly were less common, while cardiac arrhythmia was rare. However, only tachycardia persisted even when corticosteroid therapy was withdrawn.
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Wang H, Lin X, Hao C, Zhang C, Sun B, Zheng J, Chen P, Sheng J, Wu A, Zhong N. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of house dust mite immunotherapy in Chinese asthmatic patients. Allergy 2006; 61:191-7. [PMID: 16409195 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00913.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine if house dust mite immunotherapy with Alutard SQ is effective in improving symptom control and reducing rescue medication use in Chinese patients with mild to moderate allergic asthma. METHODS This is a double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 132 asthmatic subjects aged 6-45 years recruited from three different regions of Mainland China. Subjects were given a 52-week course of immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract (Alutard Der p, ALK-Abelló, Hørsholm, Denmark) or placebo while their dose of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) was maintained. RESULTS 129 subjects (64 in active group) completed the study. The symptom scores began to diverge at week 29 with the immunotherapy group showing a significantly lower score until week 48 (P = 0.018). Immunotherapy resulted in a significant decline in symptom (P = 0.002) and medication (P = 0.007) scores during the second half of the treatment period. Both groups showed significant improvement in peak flow rate and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) also decreased in both groups of subjects, but peripheral blood eosinophil count remained unchanged. Skin test response decreased in actively treated subjects only, but Der p-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) remained unchanged. Immunotherapy resulted in a significantly greater improvement in self-evaluation scores (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS One year treatment with Alutard SQ house dust mite immunotherapy significantly reduced symptoms and medication use in asthmatic subjects. This was associated with a greater subjective improvement in asthma control.
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194
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Tang C, Wu A, Leong E, Fears T, Azzi R, O'Shannessy D, Lin A. Detection, Analysis and Significance of Guanylyl Cyclase C in the Lymph Nodes from Patients with Colorectal Cancer. J Investig Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1177/108155890605401s155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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195
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Tang C, Wu A, Leong E, Fears T, Azzi R, O'Shannessy D, Lin A. 272 DETECTION, ANALYSIS AND SIGNIFICANCE OF GUANYLYL CYCLASE C IN THE LYMPH NODES FROM PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER. J Investig Med 2006. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.x0004.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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196
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Fregni F, Simon DK, Wu A, Pascual-Leone A. Non-invasive brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005; 76:1614-23. [PMID: 16291882 PMCID: PMC1739437 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2005.069849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to quantify the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for the treatment of motor dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Prospective studies which evaluated the effects of either TMS (12 studies) or ECT (five studies) on motor function in PD using the motor subscale of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) for TMS studies and any continuous measures of motor function in PD for ECT studies were included. The pooled effect size (standardised mean difference between pre-treatment versus post-treatment means) from a random effects model was 0.62 (95% confidence interval: 0.38, 0.85) for TMS treatment and 1.68 (0.79, 2.56) for ECT treatment, and from a fixed effects model was 0.59 (0.39, 0.78) for TMS treatment and 1.55 (1.07, 2.03) for ECT treatment. TMS, across applied stimulation sites and parameters, can exert a significant, albeit modest, positive effect on the motor function of patients with PD. ECT also may exert a significant effect on motor function in PD patients.
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197
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DeAngelis T, Chen J, Wu A, Prisco M, Baserga R. Transformation by the simian virus 40 T antigen is regulated by IGF-I receptor and IRS-1 signaling. Oncogene 2005; 25:32-42. [PMID: 16170362 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that the Simian Virus 40 T antigen (T antigen) cannot transform mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) that do not express the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR). We have now investigated the mechanism(s) by which the transforming activity of T antigen is affected by IGF-IR signaling. We demonstrate that transformation by T antigen of MEFs and several other cell lines requires an insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) phosphorylated on tyrosines. If IRS-1 is not expressed, or is serine phosphorylated or otherwise inactive, T antigen fails to transform cells in culture. For instance, while T antigen cannot transform 32D myeloid cells (that do not express IRS-1), its transforming activity is restored by the expression of a wild-type IRS-1, but not of an IRS-1 mutated at the PI3K binding sites. The importance of IRS-1 activation of PI3K in T-antigen transformation is supported by the finding that a constitutively activated p110 subunit of PI3K, a target of IRS-1, overcomes the inability of T antigen to transform MEFs with a serine phosphorylated IRS-1. Taken together, these results indicate that the IRS-1/PI3K signaling is one of the mechanisms regulating transformation by the SV40 T antigen. We propose that the requirement for a tyrosyl-phosphorylated IRS-1 provides a mechanism to explain the failure of T antigen to transform MEFs with deleted IGF-IR genes.
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MESH Headings
- Agar/chemistry
- Animals
- Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/chemistry
- Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/metabolism
- Antigens, Viral, Tumor/chemistry
- Binding Sites
- Blotting, Western
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cell Survival
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Cells, Cultured
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Gene Deletion
- Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins
- Mice
- Mutation
- Neurons/metabolism
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Pol1 Transcription Initiation Complex Proteins/metabolism
- RNA/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Ribosomes/metabolism
- Serine/chemistry
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Tyrosine/chemistry
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198
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Hui ACF, Ng KC, Tong PY, Mok V, Chow KM, Wu A, Wong LKS. Bacterial meningitis in Hong Kong: 10-years’ experience. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2005; 107:366-70. [PMID: 16023529 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2004.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2004] [Revised: 09/29/2004] [Accepted: 10/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied the etiology, clinical features and outcome of patients with bacterial meningitis from an urban Chinese city over a 10-years period. METHODS We reviewed the files of all persons aged 15-years old or above diagnosed with community-acquired bacterial meningitis from a regional hospital. The clinical findings, relevant laboratory and imaging results as well as outcome were recorded in cases with microbiological evidence of meningitis. Neurosurgical and pediatric patients were excluded. RESULTS Sixty-five patients between the ages of 15 and 86 years of age (mean 52 years) were identified of whom 18 (28%) died. The four most common causes were Mycobacteria tuberculosis (46%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (11%), Streptococcus suis (9%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (8%). Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae were rare pathogens. The annual incidence of community-acquired bacterial meningitis was 1.27/100,000 adults. Delay in treatment was associated with a poorer prognosis (p<0.001, OR=38.84, CI=7.33-205.80). CONCLUSION The causative organisms found in this region of China differ from that reported from Europe and the US; tuberculous meningitis is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis.
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199
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Jeon RJ, Phan TD, Wu A, Kulkarni G, Abrams SH, Mandelis A. Photothermal radiometric quantitative detection of the different degrees of demineralization of dental enamel by acid etching. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1051/jp4:2005125165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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200
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Chen H, Brandner E, Wu A, Komanduri K, Shou Z. SU-FF-T-174: A New Device for the Verification of Temporal Function of the 4DCT and Gating Delivery System. Med Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1118/1.1997845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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