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Feldman AM, DiSesa VJ, Kaiser LR. Academic medical centers: too big to fail. Clin Transl Sci 2013; 6:419-20. [PMID: 24330686 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Feldman AM, Hamad E, Tsai EJ, Zhu W, Tilley DG, Alvarez R, Cheung JY. Vasopressin antagonists for patients with acute heart failure: interpreting new clinical and translational data. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2013; 95:373-5. [PMID: 24346421 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2013.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhu W, Tilley DG, Myers VD, Tsai EJ, Feldman AM. Increased vasopressin 1A receptor expression in failing human hearts. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 63:375-6. [PMID: 24140674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Feldman AM. Publishing “Invisible” and “Abandoned” Clinical Trials: A Commitment for CTS. Clin Transl Sci 2013; 6:251-3. [DOI: 10.1111/cts.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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80
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Vasudevan NT, Mohan ML, Gupta MK, Martelli EE, Hussain AK, Qin Y, Chandrasekharan UM, Young D, Feldman AM, Sen S, Dorn GW, Dicorleto PE, Naga Prasad SV. Gβγ-independent recruitment of G-protein coupled receptor kinase 2 drives tumor necrosis factor α-induced cardiac β-adrenergic receptor dysfunction. Circulation 2013; 128:377-87. [PMID: 23785004 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.003183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) induces β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) desensitization, but mechanisms proximal to the receptor in contributing to cardiac dysfunction are not known. METHODS AND RESULTS Two different proinflammatory transgenic mouse models with cardiac overexpression of myotrophin (a prohypertrophic molecule) or TNFα showed that TNFα alone is sufficient to mediate βAR desensitization as measured by cardiac adenylyl cyclase activity. M-mode echocardiography in these mouse models showed cardiac dysfunction paralleling βAR desensitization independent of sympathetic overdrive. TNFα-mediated βAR desensitization that precedes cardiac dysfunction is associated with selective upregulation of G-protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) in both mouse models. In vitro studies in β2AR-overexpressing human embryonic kidney 293 cells showed significant βAR desensitization, GRK2 upregulation, and recruitment to the βAR complex following TNFα. Interestingly, inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase abolished GRK2-mediated βAR phosphorylation and GRK2 recruitment on TNFα. Furthermore, TNFα-mediated βAR phosphorylation was not blocked with βAR antagonist propranolol. Additionally, TNFα administration in transgenic mice with cardiac overexpression of Gβγ-sequestering peptide βARK-ct could not prevent βAR desensitization or cardiac dysfunction showing that GRK2 recruitment to the βAR is Gβγ independent. Small interfering RNA knockdown of GRK2 resulted in the loss of TNFα-mediated βAR phosphorylation. Consistently, cardiomyocytes from mice with cardiac-specific GRK2 ablation normalized the TNFα-mediated loss in contractility, showing that TNFα-induced βAR desensitization is GRK2 dependent. CONCLUSIONS TNFα-induced βAR desensitization is mediated by GRK2 and is independent of Gβγ, uncovering a hitherto unknown cross-talk between TNFα and βAR function, providing the underpinnings of inflammation-mediated cardiac dysfunction.
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Wang J, Gao E, Chan TO, Zhang XQ, Song J, Shang X, Koch WJ, Feldman AM, Cheung JY. Induced overexpression of Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger does not aggravate myocardial dysfunction induced by transverse aortic constriction. J Card Fail 2013; 19:60-70. [PMID: 23273595 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in expression and activity of cardiac Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX1) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Using transgenic mice in which expression of rat NCX1 was induced at 5 weeks of age, we performed transverse aortic constriction (TAC) at 8 weeks and examined cardiac and myocyte function at 15-18 weeks after TAC (age 23-26 weeks). TAC induced left ventricular (LV) and myocyte hypertrophy and increased myocardial fibrosis in both wild-type (WT) and NCX1-overexpressed mice. NCX1 and phosphorylated ryanodine receptor expression was increased by TAC, whereas sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase levels were decreased by TAC. Action potential duration was prolonged by TAC, but to a greater extent in NCX1 myocytes. Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange current was similar between WT-TAC and WT-sham myocytes, but was higher in NCX1-TAC myocytes. Both myocyte contraction and [Ca(2+)](i) transient amplitudes were reduced in WT-TAC myocytes, but restored to WT-sham levels in NCX1-TAC myocytes. Despite improvement in single myocyte contractility and Ca(2+) dynamics, induced NCX1 overexpression in TAC animals did not ameliorate LV hypertrophy, increase ejection fraction, or enhance inotropic (maximal first derivative of LV pressure rise, +dP/dt) responses to isoproterenol. CONCLUSIONS In pressure-overload hypertrophy, induced overexpression of NCX1 corrected myocyte contractile and [Ca(2+)](i) transient abnormalities but did not aggravate or improve myocardial dysfunction.
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Zhu W, Tilley DG, Myers VD, Coleman RC, Feldman AM. Arginine vasopressin enhances cell survival via a G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2/β-arrestin1/extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2-dependent pathway in H9c2 cells. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 84:227-35. [PMID: 23690069 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.086322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating levels of arginine vasopressin (AVP) are elevated during hypovolemia and during cardiac stress. AVP activates arginine vasopressin type 1A (V(1A))/Gα(q)-coupled receptors in the heart and vasculature and V(2)/Gα(s)-coupled receptors in the kidney. However, little is known regarding the signaling pathways that influence the effects of V(1A) receptor (V(1A)R) activation during cellular injury. Using hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) as a cell injury model, we evaluated cell survival and caspase 3/7 activity in H9c2 myoblasts after treatment with AVP. Pretreatment of H9c2 cells with AVP significantly reduced H/R-induced cell death and caspase 3/7 activity, effects that were blocked via both selective V(1A)R inhibition and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK1/2) inhibition. AVP increased extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner that was sensitive to MEK1/2 inhibition and V(1A)R inhibition, but not V(1B)R or V(2)R inhibition. Discrete elements of the V(1A)/Gα(q)-protein kinase C (PKC) and V(1A)/G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK)/β-arrestin signaling cascades were inhibited to dissect the pathways responsible for the protective effects of V(1A)R signaling: Gα(q) (overexpression of Gq-I-ires-green fluorescent protein), PKC (administration of Ro 31-82425; 2-[8-(aminomethyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]indol-3-yl]-3-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)maleimide, HCl, bisindolylmaleimide X, HCl), GRK2 [C-terminal GRK2 peptide overexpression and small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown], GRK5 (siRNA knockdown), and β-arrestin1 (siRNA knockdown). These studies demonstrated that both Gα(q)/PKC- and GRK2/β-arrestin1-dependent V(1A)R signaling were capable of inducing ERK1/2 phosphorylation in response to AVP stimulation. However, AVP-mediated protection against H/R was elicited only via GRK2- and β-arrestin1-dependent signaling. These results suggest that activation of the V(1A)R in H9c2 cells mediates protective signaling via a GRK2/β-arrestin1/ERK1/2-dependent mechanism that leads to decreased caspase 3/7 activity and enhanced survival under conditions of ischemic stress.
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Weiss J, Hayes DN, Algazy KM, Desai AS, Horn B, Gulino S, Flowers D, Frazee D, Feldman AM, Staddon AP, Grilley-Olson JE, Cohen RB, Langer CJ. Combination lapatinib and capecitabine in advanced, incurable squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). J Clin Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.6094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
6094 Background: In an era of increasing use of platinum-based induction chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy, most metastatic/recurrent SCCHN patients (pts) have received multiple chemotherapeutic agents prior to being diagnosed with incurable disease, at which point PS is often poor, pts are often refractory to multiple agents, and standard therapies (Tx) are unacceptably toxic and inconvenient. Methods: We conducted a phase II study of 44 pts with metastatic/recurrent SCCHN with a primary endpoint of median OS. Pts received capecitabine 1,000 mg/m2 BID for 14/21 day cycles, with lapatinib at 1,250 mg daily for a total of four cycles. In the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, pts received maintenance Tx with lapatinib. Prior exposure to any chemotherapy other than capecitabine and lapatinib was allowed, as long as it was as part of therapy delivered with curative intent. Results: 36 of 44 planned patients are assessable at this time. 69% had prior resection, 75% prior radiation and 61% prior chemotherapy, of whom 18 (50%) had received prior platinum. Median age was 62, 11 pts (31%) had PS 0, 22 pts (61%) pts had PS1 and 3 pts (8%) had PS2. Median number of cycles given was 4; 14 pts have gone on to maintenance Tx. The most common grade 3-4 adverse events have included dehydration, diarrhea, and hand-foot syndrome, each occurring in 11% of pts. 2 patients did not have RECIST evaluable disease. Of the remaining 34 patients, 6 pts had PR and 1CR, for an ORR of 21% (24% in assessable pts). As of 1-31-13, 20 pts are alive, 2 are lost to followup, and 14 are deceased. Conclusions: The combination of capecitabine and lapatinib is tolerable and active in metastatic/recurrent head neck cancer, including pretreated patients. OS data, not yet mature, will be required to determine if this regimen is worthy of further testing. Clinical trial information: NCT01044433.
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Feldman AM, Mann DL, She L, Bristow MR, Maisel AS, McNamara DM, Walsh R, Lee DL, Wos S, Lang I, Wells G, Drazner MH, Schmedtje JF, Pauly DF, Sueta CA, Di Maio M, Kron IL, Velazquez EJ, Lee KL. Prognostic significance of biomarkers in predicting outcome in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction: results of the biomarker substudy of the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure trials. Circ Heart Fail 2013; 6:461-72. [PMID: 23584092 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.112.000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with heart failure and coronary artery disease often undergo coronary artery bypass grafting, but assessment of the risk of an adverse outcome in these patients is difficult. To evaluate the ability of biomarkers to contribute independent prognostic information in these patients, we measured levels in patients enrolled in the biomarker substudies of the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) trials. Patients in STICH Hypothesis 1 were randomized to medical therapy or coronary artery bypass grafting, whereas those in STICH Hypothesis 2 were randomized to coronary artery bypass grafting or coronary artery bypass grafting with left ventricular reconstruction. METHODS AND RESULTS In substudy patients assigned to STICH Hypothesis 1 (n=606), plasma levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptor-1 (sTNFR-1) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were highly predictive of the primary outcome variable of mortality by univariate analysis (BNP: χ(2)=40.6; P<0.0001 and sTNFR-1: χ(2)=38.9; P<0.0001). When considered in the context of multivariable analysis, both BNP and sTNFR-1 contributed independent prognostic information beyond the information provided by a large array of clinical factors independent of treatment assignment. Consistent results were seen when assessing the predictive value of BNP and sTNFR-1 in patients assigned to STICH Hypothesis 2 (n=626). Both plasma levels of BNP (χ(2)=30.3) and sTNFR-1 (χ(2)=45.5) were highly predictive in univariate analysis (P<0.0001) and in multivariable analysis for the primary end point of death or cardiac hospitalization. In multivariable analysis, the prognostic information contributed by BNP (χ(2)=6.0; P=0.049) and sTNFR-1 (χ(2)=8.8; P=0.003) remained statistically significant even after accounting for other clinical information. Although the biomarkers added little discriminatory improvement to the clinical factors (increase in c-index ≤0.1), net reclassification improvement for the primary end points was 0.29 for BNP and 0.21 for sTNFR-1 in the Hypothesis 1 cohort, and 0.15 for BNP and 0.30 for sTNFR-1 in the Hypothesis 2 cohort, reflecting important predictive improvement. CONCLUSIONS Elevated levels of sTNFR-1 and BNP are strongly associated with outcomes, independent of therapy, in 2 large and independent studies, thus providing important cross-validation for the prognostic importance of these 2 biomarkers.
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Miller BA, Wang J, Hirschler-Laszkiewicz I, Gao E, Song J, Zhang XQ, Koch WJ, Madesh M, Mallilankaraman K, Gu T, Chen SJ, Keefer K, Conrad K, Feldman AM, Cheung JY. The second member of transient receptor potential-melastatin channel family protects hearts from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H1010-22. [PMID: 23376831 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00906.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The second member of the transient receptor potential-melastatin channel family (TRPM2) is expressed in the heart and vasculature. TRPM2 channels were expressed in the sarcolemma and transverse tubules of adult left ventricular (LV) myocytes. Cardiac TRPM2 channels were functional since activation with H2O2 resulted in Ca(2+) influx that was dependent on extracellular Ca(2+), was significantly higher in wild-type (WT) myocytes compared with TRPM2 knockout (KO) myocytes, and inhibited by clotrimazole in WT myocytes. At rest, there were no differences in LV mass, heart rate, fractional shortening, and +dP/dt between WT and KO hearts. At 2-3 days after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), despite similar areas at risk and infarct sizes, KO hearts had lower fractional shortening and +dP/dt compared with WT hearts. Compared with WT I/R myocytes, expression of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX1) and NCX1 current were increased, expression of the α1-subunit of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and Na(+) pump current were decreased, and action potential duration was prolonged in KO I/R myocytes. Post-I/R, intracellular Ca(2+) concentration transients and contraction amplitudes were equally depressed in WT and KO myocytes. After 2 h of hypoxia followed by 30 min of reoxygenation, levels of ROS were significantly higher in KO compared with WT LV myocytes. Compared with WT I/R hearts, oxygen radical scavenging enzymes (SODs) and their upstream regulators (forkhead box transcription factors and hypoxia-inducible factor) were lower, whereas NADPH oxidase was higher, in KO I/R hearts. We conclude that TRPM2 channels protected hearts from I/R injury by decreasing generation and enhancing scavenging of ROS, thereby reducing I/R-induced oxidative stress.
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Cheung JY, Zhang XQ, Song J, Gao E, Chan TO, Rabinowitz JE, Koch WJ, Feldman AM, Wang J. Coordinated regulation of cardiac Na(+)/Ca (2+) exchanger and Na (+)-K (+)-ATPase by phospholemman (FXYD1). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 961:175-90. [PMID: 23224879 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4756-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Phospholemman (PLM) is the founding member of the FXYD family of regulators of ion transport. PLM is a 72-amino acid protein consisting of the signature PFXYD motif in the extracellular N terminus, a single transmembrane (TM) domain, and a C-terminal cytoplasmic tail containing three phosphorylation sites. In the heart, PLM co-localizes and co-immunoprecipitates with Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger, and L-type Ca(2+) channel. The TM domain of PLM interacts with TM9 of the α-subunit of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, while its cytoplasmic tail interacts with two small regions (spanning residues 248-252 and 300-304) of the proximal intracellular loop of Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger. Under stress, catecholamine stimulation phosphorylates PLM at serine(68), resulting in relief of inhibition of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase by decreasing K(m) for Na(+) and increasing V(max), and simultaneous inhibition of Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger. Enhanced Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity lowers intracellular Na(+), thereby minimizing Ca(2+) overload and risks of arrhythmias. Inhibition of Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger reduces Ca(2+) efflux, thereby preserving contractility. Thus, the coordinated actions of PLM during stress serve to minimize arrhythmogenesis and maintain inotropy. In acute cardiac ischemia and chronic heart failure, either expression or phosphorylation of PLM or both are altered. PLM regulates important ion transporters in the heart and offers a tempting target for development of drugs to treat heart failure.
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Cheung JY, Wang J, Gao E, Song J, Zhang XQ, Muniswamy M, Mallilankaraman K, Chen SJ, Hirschler-Laszkiewicz I, Conrad K, Keefer K, Feldman AM, Miller BA. TRPM2 Channels Protect Hearts from Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Biophys J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.2519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Feldman AM. Creating Gender Equity in the Clinical and Translational Sciences. Clin Transl Sci 2012; 5:307-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2012.00442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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89
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Hamad EA, Zhu W, Chan TO, Myers V, Gao E, Li X, Zhang J, Song J, Zhang XQ, Cheung JY, Koch W, Feldman AM. Cardioprotection of controlled and cardiac-specific over-expression of A(2A)-adenosine receptor in the pressure overload. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39919. [PMID: 22792196 PMCID: PMC3391213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine binds to three G protein-coupled receptors (R) located on the cardiomyocyte (A(1)-R, A(2A)-R and A(3)-R) and provides cardiac protection during both ischemic and load-induced stress. While the role of adenosine receptor-subtypes has been well defined in the setting of ischemia-reperfusion, far less is known regarding their roles in protecting the heart during other forms of cardiac stress. Because of its ability to increase cardiac contractility and heart rate, we hypothesized that enhanced signaling through A(2A)-R would protect the heart during the stress of transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Using a cardiac-specific and inducible promoter, we selectively over-expressed A(2A)-R in FVB mice. Echocardiograms were obtained at baseline, 2, 4, 8, 12, 14 weeks and hearts were harvested at 14 weeks, when WT mice developed a significant decrease in cardiac function, an increase in end systolic and diastolic dimensions, a higher heart weight to body weight ratio (HW/BW), and marked fibrosis when compared with sham-operated WT. More importantly, these changes were significantly attenuated by over expression of the A(2A)-R. Furthermore, WT mice also demonstrated marked increases in the hypertrophic genes β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC), and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)--changes that are mediated by activation of the transcription factor GATA-4. Levels of the mRNAs encoding β-MHC, ANP, and GATA-4 were significantly lower in myocardium from A(2A)-R TG mice after TAC when compared with WT and sham-operated controls. In addition, three inflammatory factors genes encoding cysteine dioxygenase, complement component 3, and serine peptidase inhibitor, member 3N, were enhanced in WT TAC mice, but their expression was suppressed in A(2A)-R TG mice. A(2A)-R over-expression is protective against pressure-induced heart failure secondary to TAC. These cardioprotective effects are associated with attenuation of GATA-4 expression and inflammatory factors. The A(2A)-R may provide a novel new target for pharmacologic therapy in patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Higuchi Y, Kubota T, Koyanagi M, Maeda T, Feldman AM, Makino N. Upregulation of anticoagulant proteins, protein S and tissue factor pathway inhibitor, in the mouse myocardium with cardio-specific TNF-α overexpression. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 302:H2352-62. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01026.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) has been recognized as a hypercoagulable state. However, the natural anticoagulation systems in the failing heart have not been studied. Recent experimental and clinical data have indicated that not only the thrombomodulin (TM)/protein C (PC) pathway but also the protein S (PS)/tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) system function as potent natural anticoagulants. To investigate the balance between procoagulant and anticoagulant activities in the failing heart, we measured the cardiac expression of tissue factor (TF), type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), TM, PC, PS, and TFPI by RT-PCR and/or Western blot analysis in male transgenic (TG) mice with heart-specific overexpression of TNF-α. Both procoagulant (TF and PAI-1) and anticoagulant (PS and TFPI) factors were upregulated in the myocardium of 24-wk-old TG (end-stage HF) but not in that of 4-wk-old TG (early decompensated HF) compared with the wild-type mice. Both factors were also upregulated in the infarcted myocardium at 3 days after coronary ligation in the wild-type mice. The expression of TM was downregulated in the TG heart, and PC was not detected in the hearts. The transcript levels of PS orphan receptors, Mer and Tyro3, but not Axl, were significantly upregulated in the TG heart. Double immunohistochemical staining revealed that myocardial infiltrating CD3-positive T cells may produce PS in the TG myocardium. In conclusion, the PS/TFPI was upregulated in the myocardium of a different etiological model of HF, thus suggesting a role for the PS/TFPI system in the protection of the failing heart under both inflammatory and hypercoagulable states.
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Greenberg BH, Anand IS, Burnett JC, Chin J, Dracup KA, Feldman AM, Force T, Francis GS, Houser SR, Hunt SA, Konstam MA, Lindenfeld J, Mann DL, Mehra MR, Paul SC, Piano MR, Ross HJ, Sabbah HN, Starling RC, Udelson JE, Yancy CW, Zile MR, Massie BM. The Heart Failure Society of America in 2020: A Vision for the Future. J Card Fail 2012; 18:90-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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94
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Zhu W, Petrashevskaya N, Ren S, Zhao A, Chakir K, Gao E, Chuprun JK, Wang Y, Tala M, Dorn GW, Lakatta EG, Koch WJ, Feldman AM, Xiao RP. Gi-biased β2AR signaling links GRK2 upregulation to heart failure. Circ Res 2012; 110:265-74. [PMID: 22179058 PMCID: PMC3282829 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.253260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Phosphorylation of β(2)-adrenergic receptor (β(2)AR) by a family of serine/threonine kinases known as G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) and protein kinase A (PKA) is a critical determinant of cardiac function. Upregulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is a well-established causal factor of heart failure, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the relative contribution of PKA- and GRK-mediated phosphorylation of β(2)AR to the receptor coupling to G(i) signaling that attenuates cardiac reserve and contributes to the pathogenesis of heart failure in response to pressure overload. METHODS AND RESULTS Overexpression of GRK2 led to a G(i)-dependent decrease of contractile response to βAR stimulation in cultured mouse cardiomyocytes and in vivo. Importantly, cardiac-specific transgenic overexpression of a mutant β(2)AR lacking PKA phosphorylation sites (PKA-TG) but not the wild-type β(2)AR (WT-TG) or a mutant β(2)AR lacking GRK sites (GRK-TG) led to exaggerated cardiac response to pressure overload, as manifested by markedly exacerbated cardiac maladaptive remodeling and failure and early mortality. Furthermore, inhibition of G(i) signaling with pertussis toxin restores cardiac function in heart failure associated with increased β(2)AR to G(i) coupling induced by removing PKA phosphorylation of the receptor and in GRK2 transgenic mice, indicating that enhanced phosphorylation of β(2)AR by GRK and resultant increase in G(i)-biased β(2)AR signaling play an important role in the development of heart failure. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that enhanced β(2)AR phosphorylation by GRK, in addition to PKA, leads the receptor to G(i)-biased signaling, which, in turn, contributes to the pathogenesis of heart failure, marking G(i)-biased β(2)AR signaling as a primary event linking upregulation of GRK to cardiac maladaptive remodeling, failure and cardiodepression.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cardiomegaly/enzymology
- Cardiomegaly/genetics
- Cardiomegaly/physiopathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2/genetics
- G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/antagonists & inhibitors
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/metabolism
- Heart Failure/enzymology
- Heart Failure/genetics
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation
- Myocardial Contraction
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Pertussis Toxin/pharmacology
- Phosphorylation
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Up-Regulation
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Ventricular Pressure
- Ventricular Remodeling
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Campbell KL, Hud LM, Adams S, Andrel J, Ballas SK, Feldman AM, Axelrod D. Safety of iodinated intravenous contrast medium administration in sickle cell disease. Am J Med 2012; 125:100.e11-6. [PMID: 22195536 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased sickling of erythrocytes following intravenous iodinated contrast has been described in patients with sickle cell disease. In vitro, the effect is correlated with the tonicity, viscosity, acidity, and ionic nature of contrast media. Less erythrocyte sickling is observed in vitro with second-generation low- and iso-osmolar contrast agents. Clinical impact of these newer intravenous contrast agents has not been investigated. PURPOSE To review adverse outcomes following contrast administration in a cohort of patients with sickle cell disease. METHODS Inpatients with sickle cell disease who received iodinated intravenous were identified. Medical records were reviewed for evidence of worsening crisis and occurrence of adverse events within 48 hours of contrast administration. Data points were further analyzed with the goal of identifying predictors of adverse outcome. RESULTS There were 132 imaging studies that met inclusion criteria in 79 patients, mostly with homozygous hemoglobin S. The low-osmolar contrast Optiray (Coviden Imaging Inc., Hazelwood, Mo) was used in 45%. Administration of fluids, Mucomyst (Bristol-Myers Squibb, New York, NY), oxygen, or blood transfusion preceded 58% of studies. Minor adverse events followed 16% of studies, with new or worsening pain being most common (12%). Contrast-induced nephropathy occurred in 1.5%, resolving in all cases. Prehydration was associated with a decreased incidence of adverse events (P=.02). CONCLUSION Adverse events related to intravenous contrast occur in sickle cell disease patients at a rate similar to the general population, without an increase in contrast-induced nephropathy. Subjective reports of new or worsening pain crisis do not translate to objective findings. Beneficial diagnostic imaging can be performed without increased risk of serious complication in this population.
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Feldman AM. Federal Politics and the Clinical and Translational Sciences. Clin Transl Sci 2011; 4:395-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2011.00369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Song J, Gao E, Wang J, Zhang XQ, Chan TO, Koch WJ, Shang X, Joseph JI, Peterson BZ, Feldman AM, Cheung JY. Constitutive overexpression of phosphomimetic phospholemman S68E mutant results in arrhythmias, early mortality, and heart failure: potential involvement of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 302:H770-81. [PMID: 22081699 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00733.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Expression and activity of cardiac Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX1) are altered in many disease states. We engineered mice in which the phosphomimetic phospholemman S68E mutant (inhibits NCX1 but not Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase) was constitutively overexpressed in a cardiac-specific manner (conS68E). At 4-6 wk, conS68E mice exhibited severe bradycardia, ventricular arrhythmias, increased left ventricular (LV) mass, decreased cardiac output (CO), and ∼50% mortality compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. Protein levels of NCX1, calsequestrin, ryanodine receptor, and α(1)- and α(2)-subunits of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase were similar, but sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase was lower, whereas L-type Ca(2+) channels were higher in conS68E hearts. Resting membrane potential and action potential amplitude were similar, but action potential duration was dramatically prolonged in conS68E myocytes. Diastolic intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) was higher, [Ca(2+)](i) transient and maximal contraction amplitudes were lower, and half-time of [Ca(2+)](i) transient decline was longer in conS68E myocytes. Intracellular Na(+) reached maximum within 3 min after isoproterenol addition, followed by decline in WT but not in conS68E myocytes. Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange, L-type Ca(2+), Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, and depolarization-activated K(+) currents were decreased in conS68E myocytes. At 22 wk, bradycardia and increased LV mass persisted in conS68E survivors. Despite comparable baseline CO, conS68E survivors at 22 wk exhibited decreased chronotropic, inotropic, and lusitropic responses to isoproterenol. We conclude that constitutive overexpression of S68E mutant was detrimental, both in terms of depressed cardiac function and increased arrhythmogenesis.
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Feldman AM. The Development of β-Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists for the Treatment of Heart Failure: A Paradigm for Translational Science. Circ Res 2011; 109:1173-5. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.255976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Feldman AM. Forging a Stronger Bond between SCTS and CTS. Clin Transl Sci 2011; 4:307. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2011.00355.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Li X, Mikhalkova D, Gao E, Zhang J, Myers V, Zincarelli C, Lei Y, Song J, Koch WJ, Peppel K, Cheung JY, Feldman AM, Chan TO. Myocardial injury after ischemia-reperfusion in mice deficient in Akt2 is associated with increased cardiac macrophage density. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H1932-40. [PMID: 21890689 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00755.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Akt2 protein kinase has been shown to promote cell migration and actin polymerization in several cell types, including macrophages. Because migrating macrophages constitute an important inflammatory response after myocardial ischemia, we determined cardiac macrophage expression after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and cryo-injury in mice lacking Akt2 (Akt2-KO). At 7 days post-I/R, Akt2-KO cardiac tissues showed an increase in immunohistochemical staining for macrophage markers (Galectin 3 and F4/80) compared with wild-type (WT) mice, indicating macrophage density was increased in the injured Akt2-KO myocardium. This change was time dependent because macrophage density was similar between WT and Akt2-KO myocardium at 3 days post-I/R, but by 7 and 14 days post-I/R, macrophage density was significantly increased in Akt2-KO myocardium. Concomitantly, infarct size was larger and cardiac function was reduced in Akt2-KO mice subjected to I/R. However, when cryo-infarction produced similar infarct sizes in the anterior wall in both WT and Akt2-KO mice, macrophage density remained higher in Akt2-KO mouse myocardium, suggesting Akt2 regulates myocardial macrophage density independent of infarct size. Consistently, bone marrow from Akt2-KO mice enhanced myocardial macrophage density in both C57/B6 WT and Akt2-KO recipient mice. Finally, reciprocal ex-vivo coculturing of macrophages and cardiac myocytes showed that activated Akt2-KO peritoneal macrophages had reduced mobility and adhesion when compared with WT littermate controls. Thus, although Akt-2 KO mice did not affect the initial inflammation response after injury and Akt2 deficiency has been shown to impair cell migration or motility in macrophages, our data suggested a novel mechanism in which increasing retention of Akt2-KO macrophages resulted in increasing cardiac Akt2-KO macrophage density in the myocardial space.
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