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Fogle J, Jacob M, Blikslager A, Edwards A, Wagner B, Dean K, Fogle C. Comparison of lipopolysaccharides and soluble CD14 measurement between clinically endotoxaemic and nonendotoxaemic horses. Equine Vet J 2016; 49:155-159. [PMID: 27060869 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Clinically useful biomarkers are needed for early identification of endotoxaemic horses. Soluble CD14 (sCD14) is amplified early in response to inflammatory signals, including bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and may prove a useful biomarker for clinical endotoxaemia. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine if sCD14 could serve as a more reliable biomarker of the clinical signs of endotoxaemia, compared to measuring LPS alone. STUDY DESIGN Prospective observational study in horses at a veterinary teaching hospital. METHODS Plasma samples were collected from 20 healthy horses and 35 horses presenting for emergency evaluation. Horses were classified as clinically endotoxaemic, using previously established criteria, if they had a heart rate >70 beats/min, packed cell volume >45% and/or a lesion likely to result in endotoxaemia. Soluble CD14 was measured using a cytometric bead-based assay and LPS was measured using a Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay. RESULTS Soluble CD14 was higher in horses classified as clinically endotoxaemic (median 1102 ng/ml, interquartile range 439 ng/ml), compared to clinically nonendotoxaemic (median 692 ng/ml, interquartile range 455 ng/ml, P = 0.03. There was no difference in LPS concentrations between clinically nonendotoxaemic (median 5.4 endotoxin units [EU]/ml, interquartile range 5 EU/ml) and endotoxaemic horses (median 7.2 EU/ml, interquartile range 17 EU/ml, P = 0.2). There was no correlation between sCD14 and LPS values in paired serum samples. LPS and sCD14 values were used to generate a receiver operating characteristic curve. The area under the curve for LPS and sCD14 was <0.7, suggesting that sCD14 and LPS were poor predictors of clinical endotoxaemia for the horses in this study. CONCLUSIONS Further investigation is warranted to assess the utility of sCD14 measurement as a clinically useful biomarker to identify endotoxaemia in horses.
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Koti M, Siu A, Clément I, Bidarimath M, Turashvili G, Edwards A, Rahimi K, Mes-Masson AM, Squire JA. A distinct pre-existing inflammatory tumour microenvironment is associated with chemotherapy resistance in high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 2016; 113:1746. [PMID: 26695556 PMCID: PMC4702007 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Edwards A, Joggerst B. Ärztliche Sprechstunden und Impfsprechstunden vor Ort in Flüchtlingsunterkünften Erfahrungen aus dem Gesundheitsamt Landratsamt Pforzheim. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1578944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Douglas JL, Worgan H, Easton G, Poret L, Wolf B, Edwards A, Davies E, Ross D, McEwan N. Microbial diversity in the digestive tract of two different breeds of sheep. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1382-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pearce DA, Alekhina IA, Terauds A, Wilmotte A, Quesada A, Edwards A, Dommergue A, Sattler B, Adams BJ, Magalhães C, Chu WL, Lau MCY, Cary C, Smith DJ, Wall DH, Eguren G, Matcher G, Bradley JA, de Vera JP, Elster J, Hughes KA, Cuthbertson L, Benning LG, Gunde-Cimerman N, Convey P, Hong SG, Pointing SB, Pellizari VH, Vincent WF. Aerobiology Over Antarctica - A New Initiative for Atmospheric Ecology. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:16. [PMID: 26909068 PMCID: PMC4754734 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of aerial dispersal in shaping patterns of biodiversity remains poorly understood, mainly due to a lack of coordinated efforts in gathering data at appropriate temporal and spatial scales. It has been long known that the rate of dispersal to an ecosystem can significantly influence ecosystem dynamics, and that aerial transport has been identified as an important source of biological input to remote locations. With the considerable effort devoted in recent decades to understanding atmospheric circulation in the south-polar region, a unique opportunity has emerged to investigate the atmospheric ecology of Antarctica, from regional to continental scales. This concept note identifies key questions in Antarctic microbial biogeography and the need for standardized sampling and analysis protocols to address such questions. A consortium of polar aerobiologists is established to bring together researchers with a common interest in the airborne dispersion of microbes and other propagules in the Antarctic, with opportunities for comparative studies in the Arctic.
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Edwards A. Optimal application of neurocognitive testing in concussion management: A professional dilemma. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.17159/2413-3108/2007/v19i3a649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal application of neurocognitive testing in concussion management: A professional dilemma
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Stanworth SJ, Davenport R, Curry N, Seeney F, Eaglestone S, Edwards A, Martin K, Allard S, Woodford M, Lecky FE, Brohi K. Mortality from trauma haemorrhage and opportunities for improvement in transfusion practice. Br J Surg 2016; 103:357-65. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence, patterns of blood use and outcomes of major haemorrhage in trauma.
Methods
This was a prospective observational study from 22 hospitals in the UK, including both major trauma centres and smaller trauma units. Eligible patients received at least 4 units of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) in the first 24 h of admission with activation of the massive haemorrhage protocol. Case notes, transfusion charts, blood bank records and copies of prescription/theatre charts were accessed and reviewed centrally. Study outcomes were: use of blood components, critical care during hospital stay, and mortality at 24 h, 30 days and 1 year. Data were used to estimate the national trauma haemorrhage incidence.
Results
A total of 442 patients were identified during a median enrolment interval of 20 (range 7–24) months. Based on this, the national incidence of trauma haemorrhage was estimated to be 83 per million. The median age of patients in the study cohort was 38 years and 73·8 per cent were men. The incidence of major haemorrhage increased markedly in patients aged over 65 years. Thirty-six deaths within 24 h of admission occurred within the first 3 h. At 24 h, 79 patients (17·9 per cent) had died, but mortality continued to rise even after discharge. Patients who received a cumulative ratio of fresh frozen plasma to PRBCs of at least 1 : 2 had lower rates of death than those who received a lower ratio. There were delays in administration of blood. Platelets and cryoprecipitate were either not given, or transfused well after initial resuscitation.
Conclusion
There is a high burden of trauma haemorrhage that affects all age groups. Research is required to understand the reasons for death after the first 24 h and barriers to timely transfusion support.
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Kehoe A, Smith JE, Bouamra O, Edwards A, Yates D, Lecky F. Older patients with traumatic brain injury present with a higher GCS score than younger patients for a given severity of injury. Emerg Med J 2016; 33:381-5. [DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2015-205180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Singh H, Cooper R, Lee CW, Dempsey L, Brigadoi S, Edwards A, Airantzis D, Everdell N, Michell A, Holder D, Austin T, Hebden J. Neurovascular Interactions in the Neurologically Compromised Neonatal Brain. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 876:485-492. [PMID: 26782249 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3023-4_61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neurological brain injuries such as hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) and associated conditions such as seizures have been associated with poor developmental outcome in neonates. Our limited knowledge of the neurological and cerebrovascular processes underlying seizures limits their diagnosis and timely treatment. Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) provides haemodynamic information in the form of changes in concentration of de/oxygenated haemoglobin, which can improve our understanding of seizures and the relationship between neural and vascular processes. Using simultaneous EEG-DOT, we observed distinct haemodynamic changes which are temporally correlated with electrographic seizures. Here, we present DOT-EEG data from two neonates clinically diagnosed as HIE. Our results highlight the wealth of mutually-informative data that can be obtained using DOT-EEG techniques to understand neurovascular coupling in HIE neonates.
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Bernard N, Mohammed A, Edwards A, Bridgemoha P. Effect of Aloe barbadense Leaf and Gel Aqueous Extracts During the Starter and Finishing Phases of Broiler Production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2016.15.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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86
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Sharp C, McCabe M, Hussain MJ, Adamali H, Smith DL, Edwards A, Millar AB. S99 Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Interstitial Lung Disease – a prospective, observational study. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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87
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Hunt P, Bouamra O, Jenks T, Lecky FE, Edwards A, Woodford M, Yates D, Han K. EARLY WHOLE BODY VERSUS FOCUSED COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING FOLLOWING MAJOR TRAUMA: EXISTING EVIDENCE AND ANALYSIS OF 10 YEARS OF TARN DATA. Arch Emerg Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2015-205372.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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88
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Sharp C, Edwards A, Mayers L, Lamb H, Barrett S, Bhatt N, Chandratreya L, Darby M, Edey A, Millar AB, Adamali H. P29 Bristol interstitial lung disease (BILD) service experience: BILDing on the MDT: Abstract P29 Table 1. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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89
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Leighton P, Edwards A, Morgan J. Changes in the management of hyperparathyroidism in the south-west over 10 years – A review of changes in referral patterns and pathways to parathyroidectomy. Int J Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.07.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hill R, Saetnan ER, Scullion J, Gwynn-Jones D, Ostle N, Edwards A. Temporal and spatial influences incur reconfiguration of Arctic heathland soil bacterial community structure. Environ Microbiol 2015; 18:1942-53. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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91
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Granjon D, Bonny O, Edwards A. Conséquences de l’hyperparathyroïdie primitive sur l’excrétion rénale de calcium. Nephrol Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2015.07.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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92
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Davies F, Edwards A, Brain K, Edwards M, Jones R, Wallbank R, Robertson NP, Wood F. 'You are just left to get on with it': qualitative study of patient and carer experiences of the transition to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e007674. [PMID: 26201723 PMCID: PMC4513516 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although the transition to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) is known to be a period of uncertainty for clinicians, who may find progressive disease challenging to objectively identify, little research has explored the experiences of patients and carers specifically during this transition period. Our objective was to explore what patients and their carers understand about their disease stage and describe their experiences and perspectives on the transition to SPMS. DESIGN Semistructured qualitative interviews and subsequent validation focus groups were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. SETTING South East Wales, UK. PARTICIPANTS 20 patients with MS and 13 carers were interviewed. Eight patients and two carers participated in focus groups. RESULTS Four main themes around disease progression were identified. 'Realisation' describes how patients came to understand they had SPMS while 'reaction' describes their response to this realisation. The 'realities' of living with SPMS, including dealing with the healthcare system during this period, were described along with 'future challenges' envisaged by patients and carers. CONCLUSIONS Awareness that the transition to SPMS has occurred, and subsequent emotional reactions and coping strategies, varied widely between patients and their carers. The process of diagnosing the transition was often not transparent and some individuals wanted information to help them understand what the transition to SPMS meant for them.
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93
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Lutz S, Anesio AM, Edwards A, Benning LG. Microbial diversity on Icelandic glaciers and ice caps. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:307. [PMID: 25941518 PMCID: PMC4403510 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Algae are important primary colonizers of snow and glacial ice, but hitherto little is known about their ecology on Iceland's glaciers and ice caps. Due do the close proximity of active volcanoes delivering large amounts of ash and dust, they are special ecosystems. This study provides the first investigation of the presence and diversity of microbial communities on all major Icelandic glaciers and ice caps over a 3 year period. Using high-throughput sequencing of the small subunit ribosomal RNA genes (16S and 18S), we assessed the snow community structure and complemented these analyses with a comprehensive suite of physical-, geo-, and biochemical characterizations of the aqueous and solid components contained in snow and ice samples. Our data reveal that a limited number of snow algal taxa (Chloromonas polyptera, Raphidonema sempervirens and two uncultured Chlamydomonadaceae) support a rich community comprising of other micro-eukaryotes, bacteria and archaea. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacterial phyla. Archaea were also detected in sites where snow algae dominated and they mainly belong to the Nitrososphaerales, which are known as important ammonia oxidizers. Multivariate analyses indicated no relationships between nutrient data and microbial community structure. However, the aqueous geochemical simulations suggest that the microbial communities were not nutrient limited because of the equilibrium of snow with the nutrient-rich and fast dissolving volcanic ash. Increasing algal secondary carotenoid contents in the last stages of the melt seasons have previously been associated with a decrease in surface albedo, which in turn could potentially have an impact on the melt rates of Icelandic glaciers.
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Collins MS, Edwards A, Roby RE, Mehton NS, Ladehoff D. Pseudomonas immune globulin therapy improves survival in experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremic pneumonia. ANTIBIOTICS AND CHEMOTHERAPY 2015; 42:184-92. [PMID: 2596836 DOI: 10.1159/000417619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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95
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Edwards A, Cook S. Microbial dynamics in glacier forefield soils show succession is not just skin deep. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:963-6. [PMID: 25707767 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
All over the world, glaciers are receding. One key consequence of glacier area loss is the creation of new terrestrial habitats. This presents an experimental opportunity to study both community formation and the implications of glacier loss for terrestrial ecosystems. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Rime et al. (2015) describe how microbial communities are structured according to soil depth and development in the forefield of Damma glacier in Switzerland. The study provides insights into the contrasting structures of microbial communities at different stages of soil development. An important strength of the study is the integration of soil depth into the paradigm of primary succession, a feature which has rarely been considered by other studies. These findings underscore the importance of studying the interactions between microbial communities and glaciers at a time when Earth's glacial systems are experiencing profound change.
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Koti M, Siu A, Clément I, Bidarimath M, Turashvili G, Edwards A, Rahimi K, Mes-Masson AM, Masson AMM, Squire JA. A distinct pre-existing inflammatory tumour microenvironment is associated with chemotherapy resistance in high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1215-22. [PMID: 25826225 PMCID: PMC4385963 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chemotherapy resistance is a major determinant of poor overall survival rates in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC). We have previously shown that gene expression alterations affecting the NF-κB pathway characterise chemotherapy resistance in HGSC, suggesting that the regulation of an immune response may be associated with this phenotype. Methods: Given that intrinsic drug resistance pre-exists and is governed by both tumour and host factors, the current study was performed to examine the cross-talk between tumour inflammatory microenvironment and cancer cells, and their roles in mediating differential chemotherapy response in HGSC patients. Expression profiling of a panel of 184 inflammation-related genes was performed in 15 chemoresistant and 19 chemosensitive HGSC tumours using the NanoString nCounter platform. Results: A total of 11 significantly differentially expressed genes were found to distinguish the two groups. As STAT1 was the most significantly differentially expressed gene (P=0.003), we validated the expression of STAT1 protein by immunohistochemistry using an independent cohort of 183 (52 resistant and 131 sensitive) HGSC cases on a primary tumour tissue microarray. Relative expression levels were subjected to Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression models. Conclusions: This study confirms that higher STAT1 expression is significantly associated with increased progression-free survival and that this protein together with other mediators of tumour–host microenvironment can be applied as a novel response predictive biomarker in HGSC. Furthermore, an overall underactive immune microenvironment suggests that the pre-existing state of the tumour immune microenvironment could determine response to chemotherapy in HGSC.
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97
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Stibal M, Gözdereliler E, Cameron KA, Box JE, Stevens IT, Gokul JK, Schostag M, Zarsky JD, Edwards A, Irvine-Fynn TDL, Jacobsen CS. Microbial abundance in surface ice on the Greenland Ice Sheet. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:225. [PMID: 25852678 PMCID: PMC4371753 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring microbial abundance in glacier ice and identifying its controls is essential for a better understanding and quantification of biogeochemical processes in glacial ecosystems. However, cell enumeration of glacier ice samples is challenging due to typically low cell numbers and the presence of interfering mineral particles. We quantified for the first time the abundance of microbial cells in surface ice from geographically distinct sites on the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), using three enumeration methods: epifluorescence microscopy (EFM), flow cytometry (FCM), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In addition, we reviewed published data on microbial abundance in glacier ice and tested the three methods on artificial ice samples of realistic cell (102–107 cells ml−1) and mineral particle (0.1–100 mg ml−1) concentrations, simulating a range of glacial ice types, from clean subsurface ice to surface ice to sediment-laden basal ice. We then used multivariate statistical analysis to identify factors responsible for the variation in microbial abundance on the ice sheet. EFM gave the most accurate and reproducible results of the tested methodologies, and was therefore selected as the most suitable technique for cell enumeration of ice containing dust. Cell numbers in surface ice samples, determined by EFM, ranged from ~ 2 × 103 to ~ 2 × 106 cells ml−1 while dust concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 2 mg ml−1. The lowest abundances were found in ice sampled from the accumulation area of the ice sheet and in samples affected by fresh snow; these samples may be considered as a reference point of the cell abundance of precipitants that are deposited on the ice sheet surface. Dust content was the most significant variable to explain the variation in the abundance data, which suggests a direct association between deposited dust particles and cells and/or by their provision of limited nutrients to microbial communities on the GrIS.
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98
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Rees P, Edwards A, Powell C, Panesar S, Evans H, Carter B, Williams H, Hibbert P, Luff D, Parry G, Carson-Stevens A. Identifying drivers for improvement using a mixed methods analysis of
pediatric vaccine-related safety incidents from England and Wales
(2003-2013). Ann Glob Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2015.02.955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Kaushal R, Edwards A, Kern LM. Association between electronic health records and health care utilization. Appl Clin Inform 2015; 6:42-55. [PMID: 25848412 DOI: 10.4338/aci-2014-10-ra-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The federal government is investing approximately $20 billion in electronic health records (EHRs), in part to address escalating health care costs. However, empirical evidence that provider use of EHRs decreases health care costs is limited. OBJECTIVE To determine any association between EHRs and health care utilization. METHODS We conducted a cohort study (2008-2009) in the Hudson Valley, a multi-payer, multiprovider community in New York State. We included 328 primary care physicians in predominantly small practices (median practice size four primary care physicians), who were caring for 223,772 patients. Data from an independent practice association was used to determine adoption of EHRs. Claims data aggregated across five commercial health plans was used to characterize seven types of health care utilization: primary care visits, specialist visits, radiology tests, laboratory tests, emergency department visits, hospital admissions, and readmissions. We used negative binomial regression to determine associations between EHR adoption and each utilization outcome, adjusting for ten physician characteristics. RESULTS Approximately half (48%) of the physicians were using paper records and half (52%) were using EHRs. For every 100 patients seen by physicians using EHRs, there were 14 fewer specialist visits (adjusted p < 0.01) and 9 fewer radiology tests (adjusted p = 0.01). There were no significant differences in rates of primary care visits, laboratory tests, emergency department visits, hospitalizations or readmissions. CONCLUSIONS Patients of primary care providers who used EHRs were less likely to have specialist visits and radiology tests than patients of primary care providers who did not use EHRs.
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Peters K, Reardon D, Randazzo D, Dutton S, Edwards A, Lipp E, Herndon J, McSherry F, Desjardins A, Ranjan T, Vlahovic G, Friedman H. AT-46 * VORINOSTAT AND BEVACIZUMAB FOR RECURRENT HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA: INTERIM ANALYSIS OF A PHASE II CLINICAL TRIAL. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou237.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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