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Miller R, Song A, Ali A, Bar-Ad V, Martinez N, Glass J, Alnahhas I, Andrews D, Judy K, Evans J, Farrell C, Werner-Wasik M, Chervoneva I, Ly M, Palmer J, Liu H, Shi W. SPARE Trial: Scalp Sparing Radiation With Concurrent Temozolomide and Tumor Treating Fields (200 kHz) for Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Couteau C, Philippe A, Ali A, Bernet M, Lecoq M, Paparis E, Coiffard L. Study of the influence of alcohol on the photostability of four UV filters. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021; 25:6025-6033. [PMID: 34661262 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202110_26880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spray formulations are currently under development in the field of topical photoprotection. Such forms are characterized by their high fluidity, a property that is obtained by the presence of alcohol in the formula. The purpose of this work was to study the influence of ethanol in sunscreens on the photoprotective efficacy as well as the photostability of UV filters. MATERIALS AND METHODS The filters tested were octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC), PEG-25 PABA, octyl salicylate and butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDBM) at their maximum concentration authorized by European regulations and in the presence of increasing amounts of alcohol, up to 15% (w/w). RESULTS The effect of the presence of alcohol on the efficacy of the filters and their photostability varies depending on the molecule considered. Alcohol has no effect on octyl salicylate, either on its efficacy or its photostability. However, filter stabilization is seen for BMDBM and PEG-25 PABA. CONCLUSIONS Although these differences are significant, they are not great enough to justify large-scale use of ethanol in sunscreen products due to some of its properties, such as flammability.
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Ibrahim A, Elkhidir O, A’lam Elhuda D, Elhassan A, Salman M, Ali A, Elkhidir I, Abuzied A, Elhassan M, Mohammed O, Noureddin A. 1255 Crowdedness and Consequences of Long Waiting Time in Public and Private Health Centers Among Patients in Khartoum State, Sudan - 2016. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Waiting time (WT) reflects quality of services delivered by Primary health care level. Long waiting time is due to various causes, among which crowdedness is a main cause. This prolonged time has negative impacts on PHC services utilization as well as patients’ outcomes. The aim of this study is to measure the total WT, assess the crowdedness in PHC centers, and to determine the possible consequences of this long waiting time.
Method
Descriptive cross sectional– health institution-based study done in 40 Health centres across Khartoum state using randomized multi-stage sampling. Patients, doctors and lab technicians were interviewed using three different pre-tested structured questionnaires.
Results
A total of 477 patients were included in the study. The average waiting time was found to be 168 minutes. Crowdedness was one of the main causes of delay in waiting time. The lab was the most perceived crowded service (74.4% of the respondents). This long WT had health consequences on patients, ranging from backache, joint pain, and headaches to hypoglycemic symptoms. These symptoms affected patients' willingness to return to the same center. 36.4% of the affected patients were unwilling to revisit the same center.
Conclusions
WT in this study is longer compared to studies from other countries. Crowdedness is one of the main causes of long WT. Due to this prolonged time, patients experienced physical symptoms. It also affected their future attitude regarding PHC centers utilization. There is a need to understand the underlying causes of this issue and address them appropriately.
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Cuthbert R, Ferguson D, Kayani B, Haque S, Ali A, Parkar A, Bates P, Vemulapalli K. 414 Informed Consent for Neck of Femur Fracture Surgery During the Covid-19 Pandemic: An Evidence-Based Approach. Br J Surg 2021. [PMCID: PMC8524519 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Surgical intervention for neck of femur fractures continues to be prioritised during the Covid-19 pandemic. However, there remains a lack of clarity for clinicians during the consent process. This study quantifies additional perioperative risks for Covid-19 positive patients undergoing neck of femur fracture surgery and establishes an evidence-based framework for facilitating informed consent during the Covid-19 pandemic. Method 259 patients undergoing neck of femur fracture surgery in four hospitals at the epicentre of the United Kingdom’s first wave of Covid-19 were recruited. 51 patients were positive for Covid-19. Predefined outcomes were recorded in a 30-day postoperative period. Results Odds of intensive care admission were 4.64 times higher (95% CI 1.59-13.50, p = 0.005) and odds of 30-day mortality were 3 times higher (95% CI 1.22-7.40, p = 0.02) in Covid-19 positive patients. 74.5% of Covid-19 positive patients suffered post-operative complications. 35.3% of Covid-19 positive patients developed lower respiratory tract infection with 13.7% progressing to acute respiratory distress syndrome. 9.8% of Covid-19 positive patients experienced symptomatic thromboembolic events with a 3.9% incidence of pulmonary emboli. Conclusions The implications of Covid-19 on the informed consent process for neck of femur fracture surgery are profound. Covid-19 positive patients should be consented for increased risk of postoperative complications (including lower respiratory tract infection, acute respiratory distress syndrome and thromboembolic events), longer inpatient stay, increased frequency of intensive care admission and higher risk of mortality.
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Ishak P, Ali A, Ugochukwu C, Bakhshi A, Mohamed R, Rankin J. 1268 Pathology Pick up Rate in Routine Preoperative Endoscopy and its Impact on Patients Undergoing Gastric Bypass Surgery. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Preoperative OGD in patients undergoing bariatric surgery, has been a subject for debate for decades. The aim of this study is to evaluate the pathology pick up rate in routine preoperative endoscopy in patients undergoing Gastric Bypass surgery (LRYGB) in our unit.
Method
Retrospective review of patients’ records who underwent LRYBG in our unit from February 2009 to March 2020. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of symptoms prior to bariatric surgery: Group A (Asymptomatic) and Group B (Symptomatic). Data from prospectively kept electronic OGD reports, CLO test results, histology reports and the changes in management plan were collected and analysed.
Results
114 patients were included in the analysis, 85 (74.56%) were in group A and 29 in group B. OGD detected pathology in 34 patients in group A and 21 in group B (p = 0.004). Those included hiatus hernia (HH) (17.65% group A, 44.83% group B, p = 0.006); stomach ulcer (7.06% group A, 3.45% group B, p = 0.676), H.pylori infection (12.86% group A, 29.41% group B). This led to change of management in 22 patients in group A and 12 of group B (p = 0.157) excluding PPI prescription. Those changes included H.pylori eradication (10.59% group A, 17.24% group B, p = 0.153), HH repair (3.53% group A, 24.14% group B, p = 0.002). There was no cancellation or change in bariatric surgery offered in both groups.
Conclusions
Preoperative OGD has only significantly impacted the bariatric patient’s pathway in symptomatic patients. However, in Asymptomatic patients, OGD could be replaced by cheaper and non-invasive alternatives.
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Olukoya O, Ishak P, Ali A, McLaughlan D. 74 Does the SPIKES Protocol and Formal Teaching Increase Clinician Confidence When Breaking Bad News During the COVID Pandemic? Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Breaking bad news is often a daunting and complex task that we must all perform as part of our clinical duties. Given the current climate with the coronavirus, this task has unfortunately become an even bigger part of the day-to-day practice of many of us.
Aim
To establish how confident clinicians felt they were at breaking bad news, their familiarity with the SPIKES protocol and if they had a consistent approach they employed. Additionally, to ascertain if formal training in this, at any stage, corresponded to increased confidence with this task.
Method
A questionnaire was distributed to doctors and surgeons of all grades, primarily within the hospital. The questionnaire asked the responders how confident they felt at breaking bad news, how frequently they had to break bad news in an average month, if they had had any formal training in breaking bad news, and their familiarity with the SPIKES protocol.
Results
There were 58 responses. 60.4% had to break bad news 2 or more times in an average month. 86.2% had received formal training in breaking bad news. 60.3% felt confident or very confident. 53.4% had a consistent strategy and 58.6% were aware of the SPIKES protocol. 69% expressed they would like additional teaching with the SPIKES protocol.
Conclusions
Formal training does not guarantee knowledge of the SPIKES protocol or a consistent approach but has some impact on perceived confidence with the task. This task is, however, one most feel requires continued training to perform well.
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Morsy K, Al-Malki J, Dajem S, Hamdi H, Ali A, Adel A. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Heterobothrium lamothei (Monogenea: Diclidophoridae), a gill parasite infecting the tiger puffer fish Lagocephalus sceleratus (Tetraodontidae). ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Members of the family Diclidophoridae are potentially dangerous species for the puffer fish aquaculture worldwide. They are parasitic polyopisthocotyleans, with a posterior haptor equipped with clamps for attachment to the host's surface, allowing the worm to resist the flow of water to maintain its position on gills. The anterior body of the worm is deformable, allows the worm to feed on blood sucked from fish gills. The present study is the first description of a Heterobothrium species from the gills of the tiger puffer Lagocephalus sceleratus (Tetraodontidae) from the coasts of the Arabian Gulf at Jubail, Saudi Arabia morphologically by light microscopy as well as by molecular analysis of the parasite partial 28S rRNA through multiple sequence alignments and phylogeny by maximum likelihood analysis which is provided for the first time for the described species. Seventeen tiger puffer fish were captured alive from marine water off Saudi Arabia; gills were separated and further examined for parasitic infection. Nine fish were found infected with a monogenean parasite which was robust, equipped by two buccal organs at the tapered anterior end; the posterior haptor was rectangular with four symmetrically arranged clamps, with no isthmus. Marginal hooks absent. Ovary elongated, U-shaped, testes numerous, irregularly shaped and extended from the posterior part of the ovary to the anterior margin of the haptor. Copulatory organ muscular, as a spherical cup armed with 12 to 15 genital hooks. The molecular analysis of the parasite 28s rRNA and phylogeny revealed a percentage of identities between 87.47-89.09%, with Diclidophoridae species within the monophyletic clade of Mazocraeidea where a maximum percentage of 89.09% were obtained for the morphologically different sister taxon H. okamotoi. The results obtained from molecular analysis are consistent with the conclusions drawn from morphological classification where that the parasite recorded was morphologically similar to H. lamothei which was not characterized by molecular analysis before. The recovered sequences were deposited into the GeneBank under accession number MT322610.
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Hussain M, Liaqat I, Bukhari SM, Khan FS, Adalat R, Shafique MS, Azam SM, Ali A, Khalid M, Shahid Z, Iqbal MJ, Slahuddin, Ehsan A. The impact of cow dung augmentation on soil restoration and bio-accumulation of metals (Lead and Cadmium) in Pheretima posthuma (Annelida: Clitellata). BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e247562. [PMID: 34495155 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.247562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of cow dung in soil reclamation and bio assimilation along with bio accumulation of heavy metals in earthworm (P. posthuma) (N=900) earthworms were used and treatment groups of CD-soil mixture of different proportion of cow dung were designed. Nonlethal doses of lead acetate and cadmium chloride were added in treatment groups. Mature P. posthuma were released in each experimental pot maintaining the favorable conditions. The pH, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, exchangeable cations, and heavy metal level of each mixture was evaluated. The results indicated that bio-assimilation of Pb and Cd by P. posthuma were significantly (P ˂ 0.01) higher in different soil-CD treatments compared to control. Highest bio-assimilation of both metals was observed in T1 of both groups (Pb = 563.8 mg/kg and Cd = 42.95 mg/kg). The contents of both metals were significantly (P ˂ 0.05) lowered in casting. The nutrient concentration in the final castings of all soil-CD treatments were also equally transformed from less or insoluble to more soluble and available for plants, except for carbon level which increased with CD proportion. It is concluded that cow dung as organic matter has a positive effect on soil reclamation and bio-assimilation of metals by P. posthuma.
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Rafiq N, Ahmad SZ, Yasmeen G, Baset A, Iqbal MA, Khan A, Naz S, Ahmad S, Khan T, Kamal M, Ali A. Identification of terrestrial gastropods families found in district Swat, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e248420. [PMID: 34495163 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.248420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Very little is known about the malacofauna in district Swat of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, situated in the Northern part of Pakistan. The Swat valley possesses a variety of suitable environmental conditions, providing different types of habitats for both flora and fauna. Taken into consideration these points, the present study was conducted to explore the terrestrial snails diversity in agricultural and non-agricultural fields in the lower Swat valley. A total of 417 shells were collected from three sites: Kokarai, Kanju Township, and Deolai. Based on conchological features, three families: Bradybaenidae, Hygromiidae, and Zonitidae were identified using different terrestrial snail keys. In Kokarai and Deolai, shells of members of all the above-mentioned families were found from agricultural fields. In Kanju Township, shells of members of the family Bradybaenidae and Zonitidae were found. From these findings, it was concluded that district Swat possesses a significant malacofauna which was unexplored before and aided more to the existing literature on malacofauna. It also supports the idea that the agroecosystem is rich in species diversity. Further in-depth and extensive study is recommended to be carried out for a detailed taxonomy of the described terrestrial gastropod families.
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Malik S, Javid A, Hamidullah, Iqbal MA, Hussain A, Bukhari SM, Chaber AL, Hemmatzadeh F, Ismat N, Ali A, Azam SM, Mustafa G, Hussain S, Ahmad U, Ahmad A, Ali W. Phylogeography of cliff racer (Platyceps rhodorachis Jan, 1865) from Punjab, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e246243. [PMID: 34468516 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.246243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports the existence of cliff racer, Platyceps rhodorachis from the plains of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 10 specimens were captured during the field surveys from June to September, 2018 from different sites of Punjab. Platyceps rhodorachis was identify on the basis of morphology and confirmed through COI gene sequences. The obtained DNA sequences have shown reliable and exact species identification. Newly produced DNA sequences of Platyceps rhodorachis were submitted to GenBank and accession numbers were obtained (MK936174.1, MK941839.1 and MT790210.1). N-J tree based on COI sequences of Platyceps rhodorachis clearly separated as out-group with other members of family Colubridae based on p-distance. The intra-specific genetic variation ranges from 12% to 18%. The DNA sequences of Platyceps rhodorachis kashmirensis, Platyceps rhodorachis ladacensis, Platyceps ventromaculatus, Platyceps ventromaculatus bengalensis and Platyceps ventromaculatus indusai are not available at NCBI to validate their taxonomic positions. In our recommendations, a large scale molecular based identification of Pakistan's herpetofauna is required to report more new or subspecies from country.
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Johnson J, Ali A, Lorber E, Poller D, Keith S, Luginbuhl A, Curry J, Cognetti D, Axelrod R, Bar-Ad V, Argiris A. 869P Nivolumab (Nivo) and ipilimumab (Ipi) combined with radiotherapy (RT) in patients (pts) with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA SCCHN): Updated results of a pilot study. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Mustafa G, Iqbal A, Javid A, Hussain A, Bukhari SM, Ali W, Saleem M, Azam SM, Sughra F, Ali A, Rehman KU, Andleeb S, Sadiq N, Hussain SM, Ahmad A, Ahmad U. Variations in nutritional profile of honey produced by various species of genus Apis. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e246651. [PMID: 34378683 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.246651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The medicinal attributes of honey appears to overshadow its importance as a functional food. Consequently, several literatures are rife with ancient uses of honey as complementary and alternative medicine, with relevance to modern day health care, supported by evidence-based clinical data, with little attention given to honey's nutritional functions. The moisture contents of honey extracted from University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore honey bee farm was 12.19% while that of natural source was 9.03 ± 1.63%. Similarly, ash and protein contents of farmed honey recorded were 0.37% and 5.22%, respectively. Whereas ash and protein contents of natural honey were 1.70 ± 1.98% and 6.10 ± 0.79%. Likewise fat, dietary fiber and carbohydrates contents of farmed source documented were 0.14%, 1.99% and 62.26% respectively. Although fat, dietary fiber and carbohydrates contents of honey taken from natural resource were 0.54 ± 0.28%, 2.76 ± 1.07% and 55.32 ± 2.91% respectively. Glucose and fructose contents of honey taken out from honeybee farm were 27% and 34% but natural source were 22.50 ± 2.12% and 28.50 ± 3.54%. Glucose and fructose contents of honey taken out from honeybee farm were 27% and 34% but natural source were 22.50 ± 2.12% and 28.50 ± 3.54%. Similarly, sucrose and maltose contents of farmed honey were 2.5% and 12% while in natural honey were 1.35 ± 0.49% and 8.00 ± 1.41% respectively. The present study indicates that such as moisture, carbohydrates, sucrose and maltose contents were higher farmed honey as compared to the natural honey. In our recommendation natural honey is better than farmed honey.
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Khan W, Nisa NN, Pervez S, Ahmed S, Ahmed MS, Alfarraj S, Ali A, Tahreem S. Occurrence of Hymenolepis diminuta: a potential helminth of zoonotic importance in murid rodents. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e242089. [PMID: 34378679 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.242089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study reveals the prevalence of a potential rodent-borne zoonotic helminth species, Hymenolepis diminuta in commensal rodents caught from irrigated and rain-fed areas of Swat, Pakistan. Three hundred and fifty rodents (269 rats and 81 mice) trapped during vegetative, flowering/fruiting and mature/harvesting stages of crops were studied from 2011-2013. Hymenolepisdiminuta eggs were identified on the basis of their shape, size, colour and markings on the surface of the egg shell and three pairs of embryonic hook-lets. Overall prevalence of H. diminuta was 3.14% (n=11/350). The highest prevalence 3.49% (n=5/143) of H. diminuta was noted at harvesting stages of the crops whereas the lowest 2.59% (n=2/77) during vegetative stage. Infection was higher in males 3.25% (n=7/215) than females 2.96% (n=4/135). Adult rodents were highly infected while no sub-adult was found infected. Infection was higher in mice 3.70% (3/81) than rats 2.69% (8/269) while no significance (p=1.0000:0.1250 to 32.00 CI). Rats and mice appears to show the most suitable reservoirs by hosting H. diminuta a zoonotic helminth. The presence of these rodents in all possible habitats can act as a main channel of transferring parasites through various habitats and can pose a hazard to humans in the area.
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Schneider H, Englert S, Macarrón Palacios A, Lerma Romero JA, Ali A, Avrutina O, Kolmar H. Synthetic Integrin-Targeting Dextran-Fc Hybrids Efficiently Inhibit Tumor Proliferation In Vitro. Front Chem 2021; 9:693097. [PMID: 34368077 PMCID: PMC8339797 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.693097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we present the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel integrin-targeting molecular hybrids combining RGD peptides and a potent cytotoxin presented on dextran polysaccharides. Based on an aglycosylated Fc as a centerpiece, endosomal-cleavable cytotoxic agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) and dextran as multimerization site were covalently connected by two bioorthogonal enzyme-mediated reactions site-specifically. Decoration of dextran with cyclic RGD peptides, introduced by copper “click” reaction, resulted in the final constructs with the potential to kill integrin-overexpressing tumor cells. We found that these modifications had little impact on the stability of the Fc scaffold and the RGD-bearing construct showed good binding properties of αvβ3-expressing U87MG cells. Furthermore, the construct showed a remarkable antiproliferative activity. These results demonstrate the general capability of our design to provoke receptor-mediated endocytosis upon binding to the cellular surface, followed by endosomal cleavage of the linkage between Fc-dextran and MMAE and its subsequent release. Our approach opens new avenues to transcribe small molecule binders into tailor-made multimeric molecular hybrids with antitumor potential.
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Khokhar FN, Ahmed N, Ali A, Gabol K, Khooharo AR, Faheem M, Hussain A, Burhan ZN, Siddiqui PJA. Distribution and abundance of dinoflagellates from the coastal waters of Karachi, Pakistan, northern part of the Arabian Sea. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e245124. [PMID: 34259716 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.245124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports on seasonal and spatial variations in diversity, distribution and abundance of dinoflegellates and indicates the presence of HAB species in Pakistan waters. A total of 179 taxa, recorded in this study from offshore and near-shore waters, belong to 41 genera in 26 families and 10 orders. The high species count (149 species) was recorded from Manora Island offshore station (MI-1) and 105 spp, 109 spp and 115 spp were encountered from the Mubarak village offshore station (MV-1), Manora near shore station (MI-2) and Mubarak Village near-shore station (MV-2) respectively. Tripos furca was the dominant and frequently occurring species (> 1 x103 to > 25 x103 cells L-1 from coastal and >1x 105 cells L-l from near-shore stations) in addition to less abundant Alexandrium catenella, Alexandrium sp., Alexandrium minutum, and Prorocentrum micans (>103 to 25x 103cells/L). Another 44 species occurred in relatively low numbers (<103 cell L-l). Seventy species were found throughout the study period at all four stations. High number of species in three genera (Tripos (38), Protoperidinium (34) and Prorocentrum (20) was recorded. Potently toxic (16 genera 43 species) and HAB related (19 genera and 30 species) dinoflagellate taxa were also recorded. The percent contribution of dinoflagellates in total phytoplankton population generally remained below 20% except for a few instances. Manora Island stations had comparatively higher Shannon index and equitability and slightly lower dominance index. The PCA plot showed strong positive correlation among chlorophyll-a concentration, dissolved oxygen, total number of phytoplankton and dinoflagellates.
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Zaman K, Ali A, Islam MN, Azam MS, Huda SA, Badiuzzaman M, Aktar A, Haque MA. Comparison of Nutritional Status of Children with Congenital Heart Diseases with Minor Illness of Other Children in a Tertiary Level Hospital. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:594-600. [PMID: 34226443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This cross sectional comparative analytical study was undertaken with the objectives to find out the nutritional status of children with congenital heart disease by anthropometric measurement and was compared it with those of children having minor illness and without any congenital heart disease in indoor and outdoor Department of Paediatrics of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh from December 2015 to November 2016. Purposive sampling was done. One hundred children aged 6 to 60 months with congenital heart disease confirmed by echocardiogram were taken as Group A and one hundred children of same age and sex matched having minor illness and without any congenital heart disease were taken as Group B. Age of the patients ranged from 6 to 60 months. There was no obvious difference of socio-demographic status between two groups. Most of the patient (64.0%) had acyanotic congenital heart disease among them VSD was commonest (68.8%). Thirty-six percent (36.0%) patient had cyanotic congenital heart disease and among them Tetralogy of Fallots (83.3%) was commonest. There were significant differences regarding weight, height and MUAC values in between two Groups. Underweight (51%), Stunting (50%) and Wasting (29%) all were higher in congenital heart disease than that of Group B where they were 28%, 31% and 13% respectively and the differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). The findings of this study imply that malnutrition is very common among children with congenital heart disease. So, anthropometric measurement should be done in each and every child with congenital heart disease.
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Ali A, Xiao-Dong C. Treatment of Keloid by Implantation of Tissue Expander beneath the Keloid Tissue. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:816-825. [PMID: 34226473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Keloids always remain a great challenge due to limited surgical treatment options. Most treatments e.g. surgery, drug therapy, radiotherapy, laser therapy, and cryotherapy for managing keloids have very limited effectiveness, for keloids grow slowly but progressively and the recurrence rate is inappreciably high. Skin expansion constitutes a potential treatment option in the treatment of large keloid. This study was intended to determine the clinical outcome of 'Tissue Expander beneath the Keloid Surgery' for repair of wound formed as a result of excision of relatively large keloids. This retrospective study was done in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology of Nantong University-affiliated Hospital, China. Using a quasi-experimental design, from August 2006 to August 2017, 75 keloids in 70 patients were implanted with tissue expanders, the capacity of which was 70-600ml. After 50-126 days of implantation, the intralesional excision with flap advancement surgery was carried out. During intraoperative period, keloid lesions were treated with beta methasone injection as 0.2ml per sq. cm of lesion and the total dose should not normally over 1-2ml per dose and postoperative superficial electron beam irradiation. Post-operative follow-up ranged from 12 to 50 months. All patients underwent keloid resection followed by radiation at postoperative day 1 and 8 with a total dose 16-18 Gy. The patient and observer scar assessment scales (POSAS) were used to evaluate changes in keloids pre- and post-operatively. Among 75 keloids, 71(94.7%) (Including 11 keloids combined with the infected site) demonstrated successful outcome, 4(5.3%) expanders in the chest failed. Infection occurred in 4(5.3%) keloids during expansion process which led to early removal of expander resulting in failure of the operation, while in the remaining 71 sites, the entire treatment process was successfully completed. Follow-up was done for more than 12 months, when 14 sites (all anterior chest) exhibited local recurrence. There was no recurrence in the 14 sites of pubic region. The total POSAS scores before surgery were 59.3±13.6 which significantly reduced to 17.7±9.1 after 12 months of surgery (p<0.001). Soft tissue expanders implantation beneath the keloid is one of the ideal methods to treat relatively large keloids, formed as a result of excision of relatively large keloids, provided the patients are carefully selected based on knowledge about possible complications.
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Ali H, Hyder S, Pervez M, Sami W, Ahmed E, Naresh K, Hussain T, Ali A. Shoulder Function Assessment After Head And Neck Reconstruction With Pedicled Supraclavicular Flap. ANNALS OF BURNS AND FIRE DISASTERS 2021; 34:180-186. [PMID: 34584508 PMCID: PMC8396156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The supraclavicular artery flap is used for reconstruction of defects of the head and neck. One of the major implications of this procedure is injury to the nerve roots of C3 and C4 of the superficial cervical plexus, which provides sensation over the clavicle, shoulder and proximal chest, thereby causing problems in overall shoulder function. The objective of this study was to assess shoulder function, range of motion, pain, daily activities and overall satisfaction of the patient after using this flap. This study was conducted at the Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences & Dr. Ruth KM Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi, Pakistan, from May 2015 to November 2018. Supraclavicular flap was used in 35 patients who underwent soft tissue reconstruction of defect of the neck after release of post burn contracture. Penn Shoulder Score and Constant Murley Score were used as assessment tools. Assessment by Penn Shoulder Score resulted in 25 (71.4%) patients within the upper quartile and 10 (18.6%) patients within the lower quartile. Constant Murley Score showed 19 (54.2%) of patients had 161°-180° shoulder abduction and lateral elevation. Forward flexion of 161°-180° was seen in 17 (48.5%) patients, 17 (48.5%) had internal rotation till the inter scapular region, 15 (42.8%) had no impairment of external rotation, 19 (54.2%) patients had no impairment of work/recreation, 25 (71.4%) had felt no change in their sleep and 22 (62.8%) were able to position their arm above their head. Overall parameters indicate better function, good range of motion, less pain, resumption of daily activities, and overall satisfaction.
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Abbas K, Hussain Z, Hussain M, Rahim F, Ashraf N, Khan Q, Raza G, Ali A, Khan DM, Khalil U, Irshad N. Statistical modeling for analyzing grain yield of durum wheat under rainfed conditions in Azad Jammu Kashmir, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e240199. [PMID: 34190802 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.240199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important traits that plant breeders aim to improve is grain yield which is a highly quantitative trait controlled by various agro-morphological traits. Twelve morphological traits such as Germination Percentage, Days to Spike Emergence, Plant Height, Spike Length, Awn Length, Tillers/Plant, Leaf Angle, Seeds/Spike, Plant Thickness, 1000-Grain Weight, Harvest Index and Days to Maturity have been considered as independent factors. Correlation, regression, and principal component analysis (PCA) are used to identify the different durum wheat traits, which significantly contribute to the yield. The necessary assumptions required for applying regression modeling have been tested and all the assumptions are satisfied by the observed data. The outliers are detected in the observations of fixed traits and Grain Yield. Some observations are detected as outliers but the outlying observations did not show any influence on the regression fit. For selecting a parsimonious regression model for durum wheat, best subset regression, and stepwise regression techniques have been applied. The best subset regression analysis revealed that Germination Percentage, Tillers/Plant, and Seeds/Spike have a marked increasing effect whereas Plant thickness has a negative effect on durum wheat yield. While stepwise regression analysis identified that the traits, Germination Percentage, Tillers/Plant, and Seeds/Spike significantly contribute to increasing the durum wheat yield. The simple correlation coefficient specified the significant positive correlation of Grain Yield with Germination Percentage, Number of Tillers/Plant, Seeds/Spike, and Harvest Index. These results of correlation analysis directed the importance of morphological characters and their significant positive impact on Grain Yield. The results of PCA showed that most variation (70%) among data set can be explained by the first five components. It also identified that Seeds/Spike; 1000-Grain Weight and Harvest Index have a higher influence in contributing to the durum wheat yield. Based on the results it is recommended that these important parameters might be considered and focused in future durum wheat breeding programs to develop high yield varieties.
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Cottrell JJ, Le HH, Artaiz O, Iqbal Y, Suleria HA, Ali A, Celi P, Dunshea FR. Recent advances in the use of phytochemicals to manage gastrointestinal oxidative stress in poultry and pigs. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plants are integral components of pig and poultry feed, and aside from their raw nutritive value, some phytochemicals contain bioactive compounds. The aim of the present paper is to review recent advances in the use of some phytochemicals in pig and poultry feed, focusing on the examples of isoquinoline alkaloids, polyphenol rich sugarcane extracts and superoxide dismutase-rich melon pulp extracts. As gut health is critical for efficient production, the review will focus on recent results modulating oxidative stress within the gastrointestinal tract and the potential mechanisms of action.
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Rahat MA, Israr M, Hassan I, Islam M, -Ud-Din A, Ali A, Khan MI, Iqbal MS, Jabeen H, Rasool A, Akbar F, Khan MAA, Ullah N, Ali R, Nasar M, Shah M. Episode of Hepatitis C viral infection in the people of Swat, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e243283. [PMID: 34161427 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.243283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious agents cause serious diseases in humans worldwide and are responsible for the high rate of morbidity and mortality. The prevalence and epidemiology of infectious disease (HCV) in the hospital visited patients referred by the physicians through the initial findings and their associated risk factors were studied in Swat. The data of 174 infected patients were collected during the period of 2015 to 2017 from two clinical laboratories of Tehsil Matta Swat. Inform consent form was taken before blood collection. After taking informed consent blood samples were collected and ICT test was performed and then ICT positive cases were conform through PCR. A total of 174 ICT positive samples [106 male and 68 females] were included in this study. Age was considered from 10 to 72 years. Of the 174 ICT strip positive, 99 [63 males, 36 females] were confirmed through PCR. The prevalence rate was recorded 56.89%. I.V/I.M injection was recorded in 100% of the individuals. Visits to the barber shop was reported in (58%) of the individuals, married individuals were (81.0), surgical operation was reported in (44.8%), sharing toothbrush was observed in (29.9%), piercing was reported in (39.7%), family history was reported in (26.4%), dental treatment was observed in (21.8%), jaundice were (13.2%) and tattooing was (1.7%). Blood transfusion, surgical operations, Jaundice, family history and dental treatment were found significant risk factors for acquiring HCV infection. It was concluded that proper implementation of precautionary measures should be needed to control the spread of HCV in far near future.
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Ullah I, Afridi SG, Khan AU, Israr M, Ali A, Shams S, Jabeen H, Rasool A, Akbar F, Rahat MA, Haris M, Khan A, Siraj M, Shah M. PCR-RFLP Based genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax genotypes in district Mardan, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e241110. [PMID: 34133560 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.241110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is the most common human malaria parasite in Asian countries including Pakistan. Present study was designed to explore the genetic diversity of plasmodium vivax genotypes based on Pvmsp-3α and Pvmsp-3βgenes using allelic specific nested PCR and RFLP assays markers from field isolates in district Mardan, Pakistan. Blood samples of 200 P. vivax malarial patients were collected after taking their written informed consent. Genetic diversity in nested PCR products was determined by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) utilizing Alu1 and PstI restriction enzymes for alpha and beta gene products digestion, respectively. For analysis the genetic diversity of the sub allelic variants of Pvmsp3α and Pvmsp3β genes, Chi-Square test was performed by utilizing Minitab programming software 18. The P value 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. For Pvmsp-3α genes after gel electrophoresis of digested products, four distinct genotypes were obtained from total of 50 samples; type A: 35 (70%) (1.5-2.0 kb), 12 of type B (24%) (1.5-1.7 kb), 2 of type C (4%) (0.5-1.5) and one for type D (2%) (0.5-0.65 kb) which could be characterized into 9 allelic pattern (A1-A4, B1-B3, C1, D), in which A3 remained the most predominant. For Pvmsp-3βgenes, three distinct genotypes were obtained from 50 samples; 40(80%) of type A (1.5-2.5 kb), 9 (18%) of type B (1.0-1.5kb) and 1(2%) of type C (0.65 kb) which could be characterized into 6 allelic patterns (A1-A3, B1-B2, and C1). Most dominant one in Type A was A1 alleles which were noted (46%), while in Type B, the most dominant were B1 (10%).This study is the first ever report of molecular epidemiology and genetic variation in Pvmsp-3α and Pvmsp-3β genes of P. vivax isolates by using PCR/RFLP from District Mardan and showed a remarkable level of genetic diversity in the studied genes of circulating parasites in the study area. The results of this study will contribute in future studies about the genetic structure of parasite and vaccine development against the malaria.
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Eldridge S, Barawi A, Wang H, Roelofs A, Kaneva M, Guan Z, Lydon H, Thomas B, Thorup AS, Fernandez BF, Caxaria S, Strachan D, Ali A, Shanmuganathan K, Pitzalis C, Whiteford J, Henson F, Mccaskie A, De Bari C, Dell’accio F. AB0039 AGRIN REPAIRS BONE AND CARTILAGE IN VIVO. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:Cartilage defects in the joints are reported in 61% of all arthroscopies1&2. The size of the cartilage repair market is estimated to be $2.195 million by 20253. Cartilage defects can evolve into osteoarthritis, in which abnormal load results in cartilage breakdown, joint pain and reduced mobility. Osteoarthritis is the leading cause of permanent disability and absenteeism and affects up to 1/3 of the people over 60yrs. In western countries osteoarthritis costs 1.5-2% of the GDP4. Joint replacement with a prosthesis restores some degree of independence but in up to 20% of patients it does not meet expectations 5 and has a limited life span. There is no pharmacological intervention that arrests or reverts the course of osteoarthritis, despite the desperate need.We previously published that agrin plays an important role in cartilage homeostasis6. The addition of agrin to chondrocytes in vivo resulted in enhanced cartilage formation, suggesting a potential role for agrin in cartilage repair.Objectives:Investigate the potential of agrin for use in cartilage repair.Methods:Critical size osteochondral defects were generated in mice and sheep and injected intraarticularly with type I collagen gel containing agrin or vehicle. Animals were monitored for 8 weeks or 6 months respectively. MicroCT, histological analysis, qPCR, linage tracking, reporter assays, chondrogenesis assay, immunohistochemistry were performed.Results:A single intraarticular administration of agrin induced regeneration of critical-size osteochondral defects in mice, restoring the tissue architecture and bone-cartilage interface. Agrin stem cells to the site of injury and, through simultaneous activation of CREB and suppression of canonical WNT signalling, induced GDF5 expression and differentiation into stable articular chondrocytes, forming stable articular cartilage. In sheep, agrin treatment resulted in regeneration of bone and cartilage, which promoted increased ambulatory activity.Conclusion:Agrin orchestrates repair morphogenesis at the joint surface by modulating multiple signalling pathways, supporting the therapeutic use of agrin for joint surface regeneration.References:[1]Curl, W. W. et al. Cartilage injuries: a review of 31,516 knee arthroscopies. Arthrosc. J. Arthrosc. Relat. Surg. Off. Publ. Arthrosc. Assoc. N. Am. Int. Arthrosc. Assoc. 13, 456–460 (1997).[2]Hjelle, K., Solheim, E., Strand, T., Muri, R. & Brittberg, M. Articular cartilage defects in 1,000 knee arthroscopies. Arthrosc. J. Arthrosc. Relat. Surg. Off. Publ. Arthrosc. Assoc. N. Am. Int. Arthrosc. Assoc. 18, 730–734 (2002).[3]Cartilage Repair Market Size, Share, Industry Analysis 2018-2025 | AMR. Allied Market Research https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/cartilage-repair-market.[4]Hiligsmann, M. et al. Health economics in the field of osteoarthritis: an expert’s consensus paper from the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO). Semin. Arthritis Rheum. 43, 303–313 (2013).[5]Dieppe, P., Lim, K. & Lohmander, S. Who should have knee joint replacement surgery for osteoarthritis? Int. J. Rheum. Dis. 14, 175–180 (2011).[6]Eldridge, S., et al. Agrin mediates chondrocyte homeostasis and requires both LRP4 and α-dystroglycan to enhance cartilage formation in vitro and in vivo. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 75 (6), 1228-1235 (2016).Acknowledgements:We thank the technical staff in the ARM Lab and Staff at the University of Aberdeen’s Animal Facility and Microscopy and Histology Facility for support. Funding: We gratefully acknowledge funding support of this work by the MRC (MR/L022893/1, MR/N010973/1,and MR/P026362/1), Versus Arthritis (19667, 21515, 20886, and 21621), Rosetrees Trust (A1205), the Medical College of St Bartholomew’s Hospital Trust, and the William Harvey Research Foundation.Disclosure of Interests:Suzanne Eldridge: None declared, Aida Barawi: None declared, Hui Wang: None declared, Anke Roelofs: None declared, Magdalena Kaneva: None declared, Zeyu Guan: None declared, Helen Lydon: None declared, Bethan Thomas: None declared, Anne-Sophie Thorup: None declared, Beatriz F Fernandez: None declared, Sara Caxaria: None declared, Danielle Strachan: None declared, Ahmed Ali: None declared, Kanatheepan Shanmuganathan: None declared, Costantino Pitzalis: None declared, James Whiteford: None declared, Fran Henson: None declared, Andrew McCaskie: None declared, Cosimo De Bari: None declared, Francesco Dell’Accio Consultant of: F.D. has received consultancy fees from Samumed and UCB.
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Sadaf T, Rashid M, Hussain A, Mahmud A, Bukhari SM, Noor R, Mustafa G, Saleem M, Ali A, Ashraf S, Ali W, Javid A. Interspecific variations in external and internal egg quality among various captive avian species from Punjab, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e245261. [PMID: 34076170 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.245261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Present study was planned to determine variations in external and internal quality egg parameters of different avian species including ostrich Struthio camelus, ducks Anas platyrhynchos, chicken Gallus gallus, turkeys Meleagris gallopavo and grey francolin Francolinus pondicerinus. All the birds were kept under similar rearing conditions. A total of 150 eggs were collected for each species to record external features of these eggs. Statistically significant (p<0.05) variations were recorded in egg weight, egg length and egg width between ostrich, ducks, chicken, turkey and quail eggs. Significantly (p<0.05) higher egg weight, egg length and egg width was observed for ostrich eggs while the same was lowest for grey francolin eggs. Similarly, significantly (p<0.05) greater shape index and egg volume values were observed for ostrich eggs while lowest shape index values were recorded for turkey eggs and egg volume was lowest for grey francolin. Significantly, higher (p<0.05) values of egg density were noted for eggs of the quail and the same were lowest for ostrich eggs. Non-significant variations in egg density values were observed between eggs of the ducks, chicken, turkey and grey francolin. It has been concluded that the positive correlations between the internal and external egg quality traits indicated that the traits can be improved through selection.
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Chiang CJ, Chao YP, Ali A, Day CH, Ho TJ, Wang PN, Lin SC, Padma VV, Kuo WW, Huang CY. Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle inhibits IL-6 and MAPK-mediated cardiac hypertrophy during STZ-induced diabetes in rats. Benef Microbes 2021; 12:283-293. [PMID: 34030609 DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli Nissle (EcN), a probiotic bacterium protects against several disorders. Multiple reports have studied the pathways involved in cardiac hypertrophy. However, the effects of probiotic EcN against diabetes-induced cardiac hypertrophy remain to be understood. We administered five weeks old Wistar male (271±19.4 g body weight) streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with 109 cfu of EcN via oral gavage every day for 24 days followed by subjecting the rats to echocardiography to analyse the cardiac parameters. Overexpressed interleukin (IL)-6 induced the MEK5/ERK5, JAK2/STAT3, and MAPK signalling cascades in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Further, the upregulation of calcineurin, NFATc3, and p-GATA4 led to the elevation of hypertrophy markers, such as atrial and B-type natriuretic peptides. In contrast, diabetic rats supplemented with probiotic EcN exhibited significant downregulated IL-6. Moreover, the MEK5/ERK5 and JAK2/STAT3 cascades involved during eccentric hypertrophy and MAPK signalling, including phosphorylated MEK, ERK, JNK, and p-38, were significantly attenuated in diabetic rats after supplementation of EcN. Western blotting and immunofluorescence revealed the significant downregulation of NFATc3 and downstream mediators, thereby resulting in the impairment of cardiac hypertrophy. Taken together, the findings demonstrate that supplementing probiotic EcN has the potential to show cardioprotective effects by inhibiting diabetes-induced cardiomyopathies.
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