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Gotoh K, Okada T, Satogami N, Yakami M, Takahashi JC, Yoshida K, Ishii A, Tanaka S, Miyamoto S, Togashi K. Evaluation of CT angiography for visualisation of the lenticulostriate artery: difference between normotensive and hypertensive patients. Br J Radiol 2012; 85:e1004-8. [PMID: 22744324 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/67294268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-resolution CT angiography (CTA) is currently available using multidetector row CT (MDCT); however, its use for small artery visualisation has been limited. To evaluate its capability, we investigated CTA visualisation for difference in number of the lenticulostriate artery (LSA) branches between normotensive and hypertensive patients, because hypertension is a major cause of LSA damage. METHODS This was a retrospective study evaluating cerebrovascular CTA at our hospital conducted from February 2008 to June 2009 under approval of the institutional review board. 117 patients (39 males and 78 females, 19-88 years old) were included. CTA was conducted using a 64 channel MDCT. Total numbers of LSA branches were examined for differences by age with regression analysis and the presence or absence of hypertension and/or aneurysm using two-sample t-tests. A p-value <0.016 was considered statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons. A multiple variable analysis of three factors was also conducted. RESULTS The average number of LSA branches was 3.6 [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.0-4.1] and 4.4 (95% CI 4.1-4.7), respectively, for a patient with and without history of hypertension, and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.013). The difference was approximately one branch in the multiple variable analysis. No significant correlation was observed for age and no significant difference was observed for the presence or absence of aneurysms. CONCLUSIONS Contrast-enhanced CTA can visualise significant differences in the number of LSA branches among patients with and without hypertension. Advances in knowledge Current high-resolution CTA can visualise LSA well, which enables finding a difference in the LSA between normotensive subjects and hypertensive patients.
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Ishii A, Kamimori K, Hiyoshi M, Kido H, Ohta T, Konishi H. Inhibitory effect of SPE-39 due to tyrosine phosphorylation and ubiquitination on the function of Vps33B in the EGF-stimulated cells. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:2245-50. [PMID: 22677173 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although SPE-39 is a binding protein to Vps33B that is one of the subunit in the mammalian HOPS complex, the elements of SPE-39 function remain unknown. Here, we show that tyrosine phosphorylation of SPE-39 following EGF stimulation plays a role in the stability of SPE-39 itself. Ubiquitination of the C-terminal region of SPE-39 was also elevated in response to EGF stimulation, and this process was regulated by the phosphorylation of Tyr-11 in SPE-39. However, association of Vps33B with SPE-39 inhibited the elevation of ubiquitination of SPE-39 following EGF stimulation, which might be responsible for the stabilization of SPE-39. Furthermore, an opposing functional relationship between SPE-39 and Vps33B on the downregulation of the EGF receptor was observed in EGF-stimulated COS-7 cells.
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78
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Ikushima I, Higashi S, Ishii A, Seguchi K, Iryo Y, Yamashita Y. Ultraselective transcatheter infusion of epirubicin in water-in-oil-in-water emulsion for small hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Radiol 2012; 85:e584-9. [PMID: 22422389 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/16376960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have previously reported the clinical efficacy of water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsions, particularly for non-selective transcatheter arterial infusion (TAI) therapy. W/O/W emulsions limit damage to normal hepatic parenchyma, because of their minimal embolic effect on peripheral arteries and slow release of anticancer agent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of ultraselective TAI (UTI) of a W/O/W emulsion for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS 11 patients with Stage I-III small HCCs (<5 cm) underwent UTI with a W/O/W emulsion at our institute. Response was assessed using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Disease-free survival time was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS All 10 patients, excluding a patient who underwent a hepatectomy after UTI, achieved complete response. The 6, 12 and 30 month cumulative disease-free survival rates for the 10 patients were 100%, 90% and 60%, respectively. The patient who underwent hepatectomy after UTI developed complete necrosis of the HCC and peritumoral non-tumorous liver parenchyma. CONCLUSION UTI therapy using a W/O/W emulsion for patients with small HCCs results in a good local response.
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Ishii A, Miyasaka T. A high voltage organic–inorganic hybrid photovoltaic cell sensitized with metal–ligand interfacial complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:9900-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34829b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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80
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Orba Y, Kobayashi S, Nakamura I, Ishii A, Hang'ombe BM, Mweene AS, Thomas Y, Kimura T, Sawa H. Detection and characterization of a novel polyomavirus in wild rodents. J Gen Virol 2010; 92:789-95. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.027854-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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81
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Endo R, Ishii A, Nakanishi A, Nabenishi H, Ashizawa K, Tsuzuki Y. Effect of the Addition of β-Hydroxybutyrate to Chemically Defined Maturation Medium on the Nuclear Maturation, Sperm Penetration and Embryonic Development of Porcine Oocytes In vitro. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2010. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2010.10073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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82
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Shioya A, Takuma H, Ishii A, Tamaoka A. P2.47 A polymyositis patient with anti-signal recognition particle (SRP) antibody refractory to corticosteroid treatment. Neuromuscul Disord 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2010.07.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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83
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Tsurusawa R, Kitano Y, Shirotani G, Hayashi H, Kawatani E, Ishii A, Hirose S, Ogawa A. P16-23 A case of tuberous sclerosis complex with left centro-parietal sharp waves preceding hypsarrhythmia. Clin Neurophysiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(10)60830-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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84
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Ishii A, Shioya A, Hosaka A, Ohkoshi N, Nakamagoe K, Tamaoka A. P4.64 Clinical experience with l-arginine treatment in MELAS syndrome. Neuromuscul Disord 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2010.07.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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85
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Hosaka A, Ishii A, Tomidokoro Y, Tsuji H, Oda A, Takuma H, Ishii K, Tamaoka A. P2.42 Clinical and imaging features of inclusion body myositis. Neuromuscul Disord 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2010.07.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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86
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Tatemoto Y, Ishii A, Suzuki Y, Higashino T. Effect of Volume Fraction of Material on Separation by Density Difference in a Liquid-Fluidized Bed of Inert Particles. Chem Eng Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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87
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Bouchi R, Babazono T, Yoshida N, Nyumura I, Toya K, Hayashi T, Hanai K, Tanaka N, Ishii A, Iwamoto Y. Relationship between chronic kidney disease and silent cerebral infarction in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2010; 27:538-43. [PMID: 20536949 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.02922.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Silent cerebral infarction (SCI) is an independent risk factor for future symptomatic stroke. Although the prevalence of SCI is closely related to kidney function in non-diabetic individuals, evidence is lacking whether albuminuria and/or reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) independently increase the risk of SCI in diabetic patients. We therefore examined the relationships between albuminuria, eGFR and SCI in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS We studied 786 T2DM patients with an eGFR > or = 15 ml/min 1.73/m(2), including 337 women and 449 men [mean (+/- sd), age 65 +/- 11 years]. All patients underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect SCI. GFR was estimated using the modified three-variable equation for Japanese subjects. Albuminuria was defined as a first morning urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) > or = 30 mg/g. RESULTS SCI was detected in 415 (52.8%) of the subjects. The prevalence of SCI was significantly associated with both elevated ACR and decreased eGFR in univariate analysis. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, urinary ACR remained independently associated with SCI after adjusting for conventional cardiovascular risk factors [odds ratio (OR) of urinary ACR per logarithmical value: 1.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.41-2.51, P < 0.001]; however, eGFR was no longer significantly associated with SCI (OR per ml/min 1.73/m(2) = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98-1.00, P = 0.095). CONCLUSION In conclusion, albuminuria but not decreased eGFR may be an independent predictor of prevalent SCI in patients with T2DM.
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Kurahashi H, Wang JW, Ishii A, Kojima T, Wakai S, Kizawa T, Fujimoto Y, Kikkawa K, Yoshimura K, Inoue T, Yasumoto S, Ogawa A, Kaneko S, Hirose S. Deletions involving both KCNQ2 and CHRNA4 present with benign familial neonatal seizures. Neurology 2009; 73:1214-7. [PMID: 19822871 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181bc0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mutations of the genes encoding subunits of potassium voltage-gated channel, KCNQ2 and KCNQ3, have been identified in patients with benign familial neonatal seizures (BFNS). This study set out to determine the frequency of microchromosomal deletions of KCNQ2 or KCNQ3 associated with BFNS. METHODS The study subjects were patients with BFNS (n = 22). Microdeletions were sought by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and then confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and characterized by array-based comparative genomic hybridization. RESULTS Heterozygous multiple exonic deletions of KCNQ2 were identified in 4 of 22 patients with BFNS. Concomitant deletions of adjacent genes, including nicotinic cholinergic receptor alpha4 (CHRNA4), were detected in 2 of the 4 cases. The clinical courses of patients with deletions of both KCNQ2 and CHRNA4 were those of typical BFNS, and none presented with the phenotype of autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy, some of which are caused by mutations of CHRNA4. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the clinical courses of patients with deletions of both KCNQ2 and CHRNA4 are indistinguishable from those of patients with deletions of KCNQ2 only.
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Nakagawa T, Yamashita N, Mizushima Y, Ishii A, Ito K, Nambu F, Motoishi M, Yui Y, Shida T, Miyamoto T. Inhibition of Allergic Bronchoconstriction in Guinea Pigs and in Asthmatics by the Leukotriene Antagonist ONO-1078. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2009; 99:490-492. [PMID: 34167263 DOI: 10.1159/000236321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the leukotriene receptor antagonist ONO-1078 on experimental and clinical bronchial asthma was evaluated. It was found that this compound could inhibit antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in passively sensitized guinea pigs and leukotriene D4- and allergen-induced bronchial responses in normal and in asthmatic subjects. Clinical trials in patients with chronic bronchial asthma demonstrated its effectiveness in reducing hazardous symptoms like wheezing and dyspneic attacks.
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Kato T, Takai T, Fujimura T, Matsuoka H, Ogawa T, Murayama K, Ishii A, Ikeda S, Okumura K, Ogawa H. Mite serine protease activates protease-activated receptor-2 and induces cytokine release in human keratinocytes. Allergy 2009; 64:1366-74. [PMID: 19416145 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02023.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND House dust mites produce serine and cysteine proteases. Mite-derived proteases have been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of allergies; however, whether mite-derived serine protease activity can stimulate keratinocytes remains unknown. METHODS We examined the activation of primary human keratinocytes by serine protease-rich extract of whole mite culture and compared with that by recombinant group 1 allergens (rDer f 1 and rDer p 1), which exclusively exhibit cysteine protease activity. RESULTS Protease activity of whole mite culture extract (WCE), rDer f 1 and rDer p 1 induced the release of IL-8 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Protease activity of WCEs induced a significant upregulation of their mRNA expression but rDer f 1 had much less effect. Protease activity of the WCE stimulated intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization but rDer f 1 and rDer p 1 did not. The mobilization induced by agonists for the human protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2, an agonist peptide or trypsin, was diminished by pre-incubation of keratinocytes with WCE. rDer f 1 inefficiently cleaved a synthetic N-terminal peptide of PAR-2 at different sites from trypsin, but the resultant peptides did not stimulate the release of interleukin-8. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that mite-derived serine protease activity may contribute to the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis by activating keratinocytes via PAR-2 activation but cysteine protease activity of Der f 1 and Der p 1 acts via another mechanism.
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Ishii A. Medical manga comes to America. CMAJ 2009; 180:542-3. [DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.090168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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92
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Shi ZS, Feng L, He X, Ishii A, Goldstine J, Vinters HV, Viñuela F. Vulnerable plaque in a Swine model of carotid atherosclerosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2009; 30:469-72. [PMID: 19147719 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Distal embolism and acute thrombosis due to rupture of a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque are the common mechanisms of stroke in patients with carotid disease. The purpose of this study was to develop the first animal model of vulnerable carotid atherosclerotic plaque. MATERIALS AND METHODS Carotid atherosclerotic models were created in 12 Yucatan minipigs by using a combination of partial ligation and high cholesterol diet. Retia mirabilia from these animals were examined histopathologically to identify distal embolism. The association of distal embolism with advanced atherosclerosis and a thin fibrous cap was analyzed by using the Fisher exact test. RESULTS Typical features of vulnerable plaques, including a thin fibrous cap, necrotic core, and intraplaque hemorrhage, were observed in this swine model of carotid atherosclerosis. Distal embolism was detected in retia mirabilia supplied by 7 of 10 carotid arteries with advanced atherosclerotic plaques, compared with 3 of 14 carotid arteries without advanced plaque (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS This swine model of carotid atherosclerosis contains the salient features of vulnerable plaques, including plaque rupture and distal embolism.
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Hanai K, Babazono T, Nyumura I, Toya K, Tanaka N, Tanaka M, Ishii A, Iwamoto Y. Asymmetric dimethylarginine is closely associated with the development and progression of nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24:1884-8. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfn716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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94
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Matsumoto K, Matsumoto N, Ishii A, Tsukuda T, Hasegawa M, Tsubomura T. Structural and spectroscopic properties of a copper(I)–bis(N-heterocyclic)carbene complex. Dalton Trans 2009:6795-801. [DOI: 10.1039/b822109j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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95
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Werner F, Tada K, Ishii A, Takata M, Hasegawa M. The key role of accurate lattice parameters in revealing subtle structural differences—a case study in the system [Ln(phen/phen-d8)2(NO3)3]. CrystEngComm 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b904694c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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96
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Kajiwara T, Hasegawa M, Ishii A, Katagiri K, Baatar M, Takaishi S, Iki N, Yamashita M. Highly Luminescent Superparamagnetic Diterbium(III) Complex Based on the Bifunctionality ofp-tert-Butylsulfonylcalix[4]arene. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200800706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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97
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Werner F, Tada K, Ishii A, Ohtsu H, Kim J, Kato K, Takata M, Hasegawa M. Subtle structural differences in the system [Ln(phen/phen- d8) 2(NO 3) 3] (Ln = Eu 3+, Tb 3+). Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308085097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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98
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Kikuta KI, Yamagata S, Arakawa Y, Hojo M, Ishii A, Nozaki K, Hashimoto N. Plical resection in pre-temporal approach for basilar bifurcation aneurysms: preliminary surgical experience and cadaveric study. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2008; 150:749-56; discussion 756. [PMID: 18633571 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-008-1568-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Although a pre-temporal approach (PA) can provide a wide space for preservation of thalamoperforating atrteries in direct surgery for basilar bifurcation aneurysms (BBAs), it cannot always secure adequate proximal control. The authors described the advantages of plical resection added to PA for BBAs. METHODS Between October 1998 and April 2000, eight consecutive patients with BBAs were treated in the neurosurgical department of Kurashiki Central Hospital. Among them, five patients received direct clipping using this method. There were four females and one male, ages ranging from 61 to 77 (mean 70.8 years). Mean aneurysmal size and distance between the in"terclinoidal line and the aneurysmal neck was 4.5 and 9.5 mm, respectively. The operative procedures consisted of the following components; 1) fronto-temporal craniotomy with translocation of orbito-zygomatico-malar bone for PA, 2) preservation of lateral branches of the superficial sylvian veins, 3) resection of plica dural folds to increase the operative field up to the oculomotor nerve (OMN). RESULTS Complete clipping was achieved without thalamic infarction or temporal contusion in all patients. Three of the five patients suffered from transient right OMN palsy which recovered within two months after surgery. CONCLUSION Plical resection in the pre-temporal approach might be beneficial in the surgical treatment of BBAs when proximal control seems difficult.
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Takahashi A, Nishi A, Ishii A, Shiroishi T, Koide T. Systematic analysis of emotionality in consomic mouse strains established from C57BL/6J and wild-derived MSM/Ms. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2008; 7:849-58. [PMID: 18616609 PMCID: PMC2667313 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2008.00419.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Consomic strains have recently attracted attention as an advantageous method to screen for genes related to developmental, physiological, and behavioral phenotypes. Recently, a new set of consomic strains was established from the Japanese wild-derived mouse strain MSM/Ms and C57BL/6JJcl. By analyzing the entire consomic panel, we were able to identify a number of chromosomes associated with anxiety-like behaviors in the open-field (OF) test, a light-dark box and an elevated plus maze. Detailed observation of the OF behavior allowed us to identify chromosomes associated with those ethological traits, such as stretch attend, rearing, and jumping. Repeated OF test trials have different meanings for animals, and we found that some chromosomes responded to only the first or second trial, while others were consistent across both trials. By examining both male and female mice, sex-dependent effects were found in several measurements. Principal component analysis of anxiety-like behaviors extracted five factors: 'general locomotor activity', 'thigmotaxis', 'risk assessment', 'open-arm exploration' and 'autonomic emotionality'. We mapped chromosomes associated with these five factors of emotionality.
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Ishii A, Roudnitzky N, Béno N, Bensafi M, Hummel T, Rouby C, Thomas-Danguin T. Synergy and masking in odor mixtures: an electrophysiological study of orthonasal vs. retronasal perception. Chem Senses 2008; 33:553-61. [PMID: 18502772 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjn022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Perceptual interactions in a model of wine woody-fruity binary mixtures were previously reported in a psychophysical study performed through orthonasal stimulation only. However, recent studies suggested that the perception of food-like and nonfood-like odors may depend on the route of stimulation. The aim of the present study was two-fold: first to examine the neural correlates of perceptual interactions using electroencephalogram (EEG)-derived event-related potentials (ERPs) and second to test the influence of the stimulation route on quality perception. Therefore, we designed an experiment with 30 subjects to study perceptual interactions in woody-fruity mixtures and compared ortho- vs. retronasal stimulation sites on perceived odor quality and ERPs. The results revealed synergy or masking of the fruity component, depending on the woody component level. Synergy was supported by larger N1 amplitude of the ERP. Furthermore, mixtures including a medium level of the woody odor elicited a strong increase of P2 amplitude only retronasally. This study evidenced for the first time electrophysiological correlates of both perceptual synergy and masking on the early component of the ERPs and confirmed that retro- vs. orthonasal stimulation route induces different neural processes that are reflected in the late component of the ERP.
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