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Fung D, Zhang L, French J, Bailey B, Trent RJ. RsaI and MaeI intragenic RFLPs in the human HERG gene. Clin Genet 1998; 53:504. [PMID: 9712545 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1998.tb02605.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Delbridge TR, Bailey B, Chew JL, Conn AK, Krakeel JJ, Manz D, Miller DR, O'Malley PJ, Ryan SD, Spaite DW, Stewart RD, Suter RE, Wilson EM. EMS agenda for the future: where we are ... where we want to be. EMS Agenda for the Future Steering Committee. Ann Emerg Med 1998; 31:251-63. [PMID: 9472190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During the past 30 years, emergency medical services (EMS) in the United States have experienced explosive growth. The American health care system is now transforming, providing an opportune time to examine what we have learned over the past three decades in order to create a vision for the future of EMS. Over the course of several months, a multidisciplinary steering committee collaborated with hundreds of EMS-interested individuals, organizations, and agencies to develop the "EMS Agenda for the Future." Fourteen EMS attributes were identified as requiring continued development in order to realize the vision established within the Agenda. They are Integration of Health Services, EMS Research, Legislation and Regulation, System Finance, Human Resources, Medical Direction, Education Systems, Public Education, Prevention, Public Access, Communication Systems, Clinical Care, Information Systems, and Evaluation. Discussion of these attributes provides important guidance for achieving a vision for the future of EMS that emphasizes its critical role in American health care.
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McDonald CC, Bailey B. Out-of-hospital use of neuromuscular-blocking agents in the United States. PREHOSP EMERG CARE 1998; 2:29-32. [PMID: 9737404 DOI: 10.1080/10903129808958836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A national survey was mailed to state EMS directors to assess the current status of use of neuromuscular-blocking agents (NMBAs) by EMS systems across the United States. METHODS Initial and second mailings were completed in early 1996 and 1997, respectively. RESULTS Replies were received from all 50 (100%) states following the second mailing. Twenty-nine (58%) states use NMBAs. Eleven (22%) of the 29 use paralytic drugs only in aeromedical programs. Of the 18 states that use NMBAs in ground-based EMS systems, 11 (22%) use paramedic ambulance staffing exclusively. Registered nurses (RNs) or RN-paramedic teams comprised the majority of the remaining states' staffing configurations. The first reported date of implementation of use of NMBAs was 1985, and there has been a steady trend of additional states launching paralytic drug use over the last 12 years. CONCLUSION This trend suggests that use of paralytic drugs by paramedics is becoming standard of care in many out-of-hospital systems.
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Bailey B. The 'points chase' is not easy for all. AUSTRALIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN 1998; 27:106-7. [PMID: 9503721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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80
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Delbridge TR, Bailey B, Chew JL, Conn AK, Krakeel JJ, Manz D, Miller DR, O'Malley PJ, Ryan SD, Spaite DW, Stewart RD, Suter RE, Wilson EM. EMS Agenda for the Future: where we are...where we want to be. PREHOSP EMERG CARE 1998; 2:1-12. [PMID: 9737400 DOI: 10.1080/10903129808958832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
During the past 30 years, emergency medical services (EMS) in the United States have experienced explosive growth. The American health care system is now transforming, providing an opportune time to examine what we have learned over the past three decades in order to create a vision for the future of EMS. Over the course of several months, a multidisciplinary steering committee collaborated with hundreds of EMS-interested individuals, organizations, and agencies to develop the EMS Agenda for the Future. Fourteen EMS attributes were identified as requiring continued development in order to realize the vision established within the Agenda. They are integration of health services, EMS research, legislation and regulation, system finance, human resources, medical direction, education systems, public education, prevention, public access, communication systems, clinical care, information systems, and evaluation. Discussion of these attributes provides important guidance for achieving a vision for the future of EMS that emphasizes its critical role in American health care.
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Altman DG, Zaccaro DJ, Levine DW, Austin D, Woodell C, Bailey B, Sligh M, Cohn G, Dunn J. Predictors of crop diversification: a survey of tobacco farmers in North Carolina (USA). Tob Control 1998; 7:376-82. [PMID: 10093171 PMCID: PMC1751454 DOI: 10.1136/tc.7.4.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the attitudes and behaviours of North Carolina tobacco farmers around crop diversification. DESIGN Cross-sectional telephone survey. PARTICIPANTS Active tobacco farmers in 14 North Carolina counties (n = 1236), interviewed between January and April 1997 (91% response rate). OUTCOME MEASURES Interest in, experience with, and perceived barriers to diversification. RESULTS Most farmers (95%) grew/raised a commodity other than tobacco (mean = 2.8). A total of 60% of farmers expressed interest in trying other on-farm activities to supplement their tobacco and 60% reported taking action in the past year around supplementation. Younger age and college education were positively associated with interest. College education, off-farm income, and larger farm size were associated with the number of actions taken. For perceived external barriers to diversification, use of tobacco, percent income from tobacco, lack of college education, and younger age were most strongly associated with the number of barriers. For internal barriers (personal factors), percent income from tobacco, use of tobacco, and lack of college education were most strongly associated with the number of barriers. CONCLUSIONS Most farmers were involved in diverse operations and expressed interest in continuing to diversify, although the breadth of diversification was narrow. Farmers noted many barriers to diversifying. If conventional production and marketing techniques are employed for non-tobacco alternatives, these alternatives may not provide the sustainable profitability that tobacco has afforded. Competition from foreign tobacco growers is the primary threat to the future of American growers and tobacco dependent communities.
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Bailey B, Addis A. Asthma during pregnancy. CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN MEDECIN DE FAMILLE CANADIEN 1997; 43:1717-8. [PMID: 9356748 PMCID: PMC2255447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Bailey B, Loebstein R, Lai C, McGuigan MA. Two cases of chlorinated hydrocarbon-associated myocardial ischemia. VETERINARY AND HUMAN TOXICOLOGY 1997; 39:298-301. [PMID: 9311088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated hydrocarbons are well known to produce ventricular arrhythmias because of myocardial sensitization to endogenous catecholamines, but cases of myocardial ischemia have not been described frequently. We report 2 cases of myocardial ischemia after exposure to chlorinated hydrocarbons. The first patient developed an asymptomatic myocardial infarction after inhalation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane at work. It is believed that 1,1,1-trichloroethane produced a coronary spasm that was sufficient to cause myocardial necrosis in the presence of coronary vessels already compromised by atherosclerosis. The second patient developed a reversible symptomatic myocardial ischemia of 4 h duration after chloral hydrate overdose. The evolution in both patients was favorable. Exposure to chlorinated hydrocarbons can be associated with myocardial ischemia particularly if the coronary circulation is already compromised.
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Bailey B, Addis A, Lee A, Sanghvi K, Mastroiacovo P, Mazzone T, Bonati M, Paolini C, Garbis H, Val T, De Souza CF, Matsui D, Schechtman AS, Conover B, Lau M, Koren G. Cisapride use during human pregnancy: a prospective, controlled multicenter study. Dig Dis Sci 1997; 42:1848-52. [PMID: 9331146 DOI: 10.1023/a:1018898707449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this prospective multicenter study was to determine whether cisapride is associated with increased risk of malformations, spontaneous abortions, or decreased birthweight when used during pregnancy. Cases were paired for age, smoking, and alcohol consumption with controls exposed to nonteratogens, as well as with disease-paired controls. One hundred and twenty-nine pregnant women were exposed to cisapride during pregnancy, including 88 during the period of fetal organogenesis. There were no differences in maternal history, birthweight, gestational age at delivery, and rates of livebirths, spontaneous or therapeutic abortions, fetal distress, and major or minor malformations among groups. It is concluded that exposure to cisapride during pregnancy is not associated with a major increased risk of malformations or spontaneous abortions or with decreased birthweight.
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Bailey B, McDonald C. The status of emergency medical services in North Carolina. N C Med J 1997; 58:238-42. [PMID: 9233041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Bailey B, Einarson A, Koren G. Alert over sound-alike drugs. CMAJ 1997; 157:16, 18. [PMID: 9220936 PMCID: PMC1227656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Einarson A, Bailey B, Inocencion G, Ormond K, Koren G. Accidental electric shock in pregnancy: a prospective cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997; 176:678-81. [PMID: 9077628 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(97)70569-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to quantify fetal risk after accidental electric shock in pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN All pregnant women who were counseled by the Motherisk Program in Toronto and by the Vermont Pregnancy Risk Information Service in Burlington after having an electric shock during pregnancy were enrolled in a prospective, controlled, observational study. RESULTS Thirty-one women were followed up after delivery: 26 had been exposed to 110 V, 2 to 220 V, 2 to high voltage, and 1 to 12 V. Twenty-eight women gave birth to healthy normal infants, one had a child with a ventricular septal defect, and two had spontaneous abortions. In the control group there were 30 healthy babies; one woman had a spontaneous abortion. There were no differences between the groups in pregnancy outcome, birth weight, gestational age, type of delivery, or rates of neonatal distress. CONCLUSION In most cases accidental electric shock occurring during day-to-day life during pregnancy does not pose a major fetal risk.
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Einarson A, Bailey B, Jung G, Spizzirri D, Baillie M, Koren G. Prospective controlled study of hydroxyzine and cetirizine in pregnancy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1997; 78:183-6. [PMID: 9048526 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)63385-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydroxyzine has been used for many years for the treatment of allergic symptoms. Cetirizine, an active metabolite of hydroxyzine, has become very popular for the treatment of allergy symptoms because of its efficacy without the sedating effects of the parent compound. Little is known about the safety of hydroxyzine use during pregnancy, and there are no published reports on the effects of cetirizine on pregnancy outcome. OBJECTIVE To determine whether hydroxyzine and cetirizine are associated with any increased risk of malformations in humans. METHODS All pregnant women counseled by the Motherisk Program in Toronto on the use of hydroxyzine or cetirizine during their pregnancies were enrolled in a prospective, controlled, observational study. The control group consisted of pregnant women matched for age, smoking, and alcohol consumption who were counseled for non-teratogenic drug. RESULTS One hundred twenty women were followed after exposure to either hydroxyzine or cetirizine during pregnancy. Of these, 53 were exposed to hydroxyzine during organogenesis and 39 to cetirizine. There were no significant differences found between the hydroxyzine or cetirizine groups and the control groups in the pregnancy outcome: rate of livebirths, spontaneous or therapeutic abortion, or stillbirth. There was also no difference in the rates of major or minor anomalies, mean birth weight, mode of delivery, gestational age, or presence of neonatal distress. CONCLUSIONS The use of hydroxyzine and cetirizine does not appear to be associated with increased teratogenic risk.
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Abstract
Because drugs are almost never tested for use in lactating women before marketing, uncertainties about their safety for breast-fed infants often cause anxiety and unnecessary interruption of breast-feeding. Based on an understanding of mechanisms and principles of drug excretion into milk, we can rationally minimize the uncertainties. As described in this article, the infant exposure levels may be predicted using actual data on drug concentrations or even theoretic equations. Although the approach has to be rigorously tested in future studies, informed decisions on breast-feeding during maternal drug therapy are now within reach of resourceful health professionals. As more outcome data become available, remaining uncertainties will be addressed.
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Abstract
Infants and children present a special challenge to drug monitoring because the disposition of drugs differs from adults and because there are far fewer clinical studies designed for children than for adults. The excuse for this unfortunate situation is the imposition of severe technical and ethical constraints caused by blood sampling; however, in the past two decades, several new noninvasive methods to measure drugs have been tested and implemented in therapeutic drug monitoring. It is our hope that these new techniques will help advance the ability to diagnose and manage infants and young children.
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Bailey B, Berger EL, Gordon LE. Production of a prompt photon in association with a charm quark at next-to-leading order in QCD. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1996; 54:1896-1907. [PMID: 10020870 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.54.1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Bailey B. Laryngoscopy and laryngoscopes--who's first?: the forefathers/four fathers of laryngology. Laryngoscope 1996; 106:939-43. [PMID: 8699905 DOI: 10.1097/00005537-199608000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Bailey B, Gaudreault P, Thivierge RL, Turgeon JP. Cardiac monitoring of children with household electrical injuries. Ann Emerg Med 1995; 25:612-7. [PMID: 7741337 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-0644(95)70173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Because death has occurred with injury involving voltage as low as 50 to 60 V (probably the result of arrhythmias), we wanted to evaluate the necessity of cardiac monitoring in children sustaining electrical injuries with 120 or 240 V. DESIGN The charts of 151 children who presented to the emergency department between April 1, 1989, and March 31, 1992, were reviewed. SETTING A tertiary care pediatric teaching hospital. RESULTS A total of 141 patients presented with 120-V electrical injuries. An ECG or a rhythm strip was performed in 93 patients (66%), and no arrhythmias were believed to have resulted from the electrical injury. Cardiac monitoring was done in 113 patients (80%) for a mean duration of 7.4 +/- 6.6 hours (median, 4 hours), and no arrhythmias were observed. Creatine phosphokinase levels were measured in 62 patients (44%) with a mean of 137 +/- 154 U/L (median, 96 U/L). The levels were elevated in 8 patients (12%), with no clinical significance. Follow-up was done in 112 patients (77%), and no significant adverse outcome was reported. There were only 10 patients in the 240-V group; no arrhythmias or adverse outcomes had occurred. CONCLUSION On the basis of our findings, initial cardiac evaluation (ECG) and monitoring do not appear to be necessary in children sustaining household electrical injuries (120 and 240-V); however, the significance of loss of consciousness, tetany, wet skin, or current flow that crossed the heart region could not be determined in our investigation. Therefore, cardiac monitoring should be performed if one of these factors is present.
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Bailey B. Distributor wants to rid materials management vocabulary of "just-in-time" and "stockless". HOSPITAL MATERIAL[DOLLAR SIGN] MANAGEMENT 1995; 20:9. [PMID: 10184324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence points to a pathologic role for cytokines in Crohn's colitis. Levels of cytokines are increased in diseased segments of colon in Crohn's colitis, but no one has studied the concentration of cytokines in clinically and histologically nondiseased segments. METHODS Mucosal biopsies were obtained from 7 patients with active segmental Crohn's colitis and from 7 controls without inflammatory bowel disease. The concentration of Interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 in patients and controls were determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and compared. Histologic sections were also performed to confirm diseased and nondiseased segments of colon. RESULTS The concentrations of IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-8 were significantly higher in the involved segments of colon (10.3 +/- 4.1, 3.7 +/- 1.0, 34.4 +/- 6.9 picograms [pg] per mg) when compared to controls (1.8 +/- 0.5, 1.1 +/- 0.5, 5.3 +/- 1.0 pg/mg). The concentrations of IL-1 beta, IL-2, and IL-8 (8.5 +/- 2.9, 5.3 +/- 1.2, 26.3 +/- 8.8 pg/mg) in normal appearing segments of colon of patients with Crohn's colitis were also significantly higher than in controls, whose IL-2 level was 2.0 +/- 0.5 pg/mg. IL-1 beta and IL-8 were significantly more concentrated in both the involved and uninvolved colonic segments of patients with Crohn's colitis compared to controls. IL-2 and IL-6 were also more concentrated in Crohn's patients than in controls, but not significantly. The differences in interleukin concentrations between involved and uninvolved segments of colon in patients with segmental Crohn's colitis were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Although Crohn's colitis is often a segmental disease, concentrations of IL-1 beta and IL-8 are increased throughout the entire colon. These observations reinforce the hypothesis that Crohn's colitis involves the whole colon even when this is not apparent clinically or histologically.
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Bailey B. Life in Nah Nah Land. EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES 1994; 23:64-5. [PMID: 10137718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Bailey B. Q&A: pulling the plug on sexual harassment. HEALTHCARE HUMAN RESOURCES 1994; 3:9-12. [PMID: 10135989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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