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Chu B, Liu Y, Ma Q, Ma J, He H, Wang G, Cheng S, Wang X. Distinct potential aerosol masses under different scenarios of transport at a suburban site of Beijing. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 39:52-61. [PMID: 26899644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the secondary aerosol formation potential at a suburban site of Beijing, in situ perturbation experiments in a potential aerosol mass (PAM) reactor were carried out in the winter of 2014. The variations of secondary aerosol formation as a function of time, OH exposure, and the concentrations of gas phase pollutants and particles were reported in this study. Two periods with distinct secondary aerosol formation potentials, marked as Period I and Period II, were identified during the observation. In Period I, the secondary aerosol formation potential was high, and correlated well to the air pollutants, i.e., SO2, NO2, and CO. The maximal secondary aerosol formation was observed with an aging time equivalent to about 3 days of atmospheric oxidation. In period II, the secondary aerosol formation potential was low, with no obvious correlation with the air pollutants. Meanwhile, the aerosol mass decreased, instead of showing a peak, with increasing aging time. Backward trajectory analysis during the two periods confirmed that the air mass in Period I was mainly from local sources, while it was attributed mostly to long distance transport in Period II. The air lost its reactivity during the long transport and the particles became highly aged, resulting in a low secondary aerosol formation potential. Our experimental results indicated that the in situ measurement of the secondary aerosol formation potential could provide important information for evaluating the contributions of local emission and long distance transport to the aerosol pollution.
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Prates R, Jaroudi S, Jordan A, Goodall N, Chu B, Tecson V, Hershlag A, Garrisi M, Licciardi F, Witt B, Konstantinidis M. Advantages of triplet repeat expansion detection in blastocyst biopsy for preimplantation genetic diagnosis of fragile X syndrome. Fertil Steril 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.07.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chu B, Liu T, Zhang X, Liu Y, Ma Q, Ma J, He H, Wang X, Li J, Hao J. Secondary aerosol formation and oxidation capacity in photooxidation in the presence of Al2O3 seed particles and SO2. Sci China Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-015-5456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lai C, Liu Y, Ma J, Ma Q, Chu B, He H. Heterogeneous Kinetics of cis-Pinonic Acid with Hydroxyl Radical under Different Environmental Conditions. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:6583-93. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b01321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chu B, Liu Y, Li J, Takekawa H, Liggio J, Li SM, Jiang J, Hao J, He H. Decreasing effect and mechanism of FeSO4 seed particles on secondary organic aerosol in α-pinene photooxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 193:88-93. [PMID: 25014016 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
α-Pinene/NOx and α-pinene/HONO photooxidation experiments at varying humidity were conducted in smog chambers in the presence or absence of FeSO4 seed particles. FeSO4 seed particles decrease SOA mass as long as water was present on the seed particle surface, but FeSO4 seed particles have no decreasing effect on SOA under dryer conditions at 12% relative humidity (RH). The decreasing effect of FeSO4 seed particles on the SOA mass is proposed to be related to oxidation processes in the surface layer of water on the seed particles. Free radicals, including OH, can be formed from catalytic cycling of Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) in the aqueous phase. These radicals can react further with the organic products of α-pinene oxidation on the seed particles. The oxidation may lead to formation of smaller molecules which have higher saturation vapor pressures and favor repartitioning to the gas phase, and therefore, reduces SOA mass.
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Kumar N, Rodriguez S, Bisignano A, Kellogg G, Chu B, Munne S, Huang A, Surrey M. Going beyond the guidelines: a call for expanded carrier screen based on an analysis of 3,208 clinical samples. Fertil Steril 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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He H, Wang Y, Ma Q, Ma J, Chu B, Ji D, Tang G, Liu C, Zhang H, Hao J. Erratum: CORRIGENDUM: Mineral dust and NOx promote the conversion of SO2 to sulfate in heavy pollution days. Sci Rep 2014. [DOI: 10.1038/srep06092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Hu S, Chu B, Song J, Chen L. Anatomic study of the intercostal nerve transfer to the suprascapular nerve and a case report. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2014; 39:194-8. [PMID: 23390150 DOI: 10.1177/1753193413475963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the anatomical basis of intercostal nerve transfer to the suprascapular nerve and provide a case report. Thoracic walls of 30 embalmed human cadavers were used to investigate the anatomical feasibility for neurotization of the suprascapular nerve with intercostal nerves in brachial plexus root avulsions. We found that the 3rd and 4th intercostal nerves could be transferred to the suprascapular nerve without a nerve graft. Based on the anatomical study, the 3rd and 4th intercostal nerves were transferred to the suprascapular nerve via the deltopectoral approach in a 42-year-old man who had had C5-7 root avulsions and partial injury of C8, T1 of the right brachial plexus. Thirty-two months postoperatively, the patient gained 30° of shoulder abduction and 45° of external rotation. This procedure provided us with a reliable and convenient method for shoulder function reconstruction after brachial plexus root avulsion accompanied with spinal accessory nerve injury. It can also be used when the accessory nerve is intact but needs to be preserved for better shoulder stability or possible future trapezius transfer.
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Chu B, Wang K, Takekawa H, Li J, Zhou W, Jiang J, Ma Q, He H, Hao J. Hygroscopicity of particles generated from photooxidation of alpha-pinene under different oxidation conditions in the presence of sulfate seed aerosols. J Environ Sci (China) 2014; 26:129-139. [PMID: 24649698 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(13)60402-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Smog chamber experiments were conducted to investigate the hygroscopicity of particles generated from photooxidation of alpha-pinene/NO(x) with different sulfate seed aerosols or oxidation conditions. Hygroscopicity of particles was measured by a tandem differential mobility analyzer (TDMA) in terms of hygroscopic growth factor (Gf), with a relative humidity of 85%. With sulfate seed aerosols present, Gf of the aerosols decreased very fast before notable secondary organic aerosols (SOA) formation was observed, indicating a heterogeneous process between inorganic seeds and organic products might take place as soon as oxidation begins, rather than only happening after gas-aerosol partition of organic products starts. The final SOA-coated sulfate particles had similar or lower Gf than seed-free SOA. The hygroscopicity of the final particles was not dependent on the thickness but on the hygroscopicity properties of the SOA, which were influenced by the initial sulfate seed particles. In the two designed aging processes, Gf of the particles increased more significantly with introduction of OH radical than with ozone. However, the hygroscopicity of SOA was very low even after a long time of aging, implying that either SOA aging in the chamber was very slow or the Gf of SOA did not change significantly in aging. Using an aerosol composition speciation monitor (ACSM) and matrix factorization (PMF) method, two factors for the components of SOA were identified, but the correlation between SOA hygroscopicity and the proportion of the more highly oxidized factor could be either positive or negative depending on the speciation of seed aerosols present.
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Wang Q, Chu B, Zhu J, Zhang S, Liu Y, Zhuang M, Yang Y. Clinical analysis of prophylactic central neck dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2013; 16:44-8. [PMID: 23606353 PMCID: PMC3884135 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-013-1038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The need of prophylactic central neck dissection (PCND) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is still controversial. The major restriction of PCND is the potential complications. We undertook a retrospective study to discuss its necessity in PTC patients. Methods A total of 188 patients with PTC who underwent total thyroidectomy and PCND were involved. In all of these, central lymph nodes were pathologic examined. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed based on tumor location and size, etc. Results Overall, node metastases were found in 44.1 % (83/188) of patients. Tumor size was the independent positive predictor for lymph node metastasis, while gender, age, tumor multifocality, tumor location, and capsular infiltration were not independent predictors of central lymph node metastases. Postoperative complications happened in 5.3 % (10/188) of patients, which 4.8 % (9/188) had temporary hypocalcemia and 0 % (0/188) had permanent hypocalcemia. Rates of temporary and permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury were 0.5 % (1/188) and 0 % (0/188), respectively. Conclusions PCND is recommended in all patients with PTC.
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Schaefer DW, Brinker CJ, Wilcoxon JP, Wu DQ, Phillips JC, Chu B. Precursor Chemistry and the Structure of Silica Aerogels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-121-691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTSmall-angle X-ray scattering is used to characterize the structure of aerogels prepared by two-stage polymerization processes. Second-stage catalysis controls the resistance to collapse during drying with the base-catalyzed system being most resistant. Base catalysis in the second stage leads to compaction of the polymer network on short length scales. This short-scale rigidity makes the networks sufficiently robust to withstand the surface tension forces present during solvent extraction and re-exposure to the atmosphere. Aging in solution also improves aerogel quality. In this case, a dissolution-repolymerization process leads to short length scale circuits and improved rigidity.
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Esserman L, Chu B, Chung R, Ozanne E, Yau C, Tsing P, Baehner FL, Tutt AN, Moore DH, Benz C. Risk partitioning model shows need to address time dependence of breast cancer recurrence. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.10605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Liao CW, Lee YL, Sukati H, D'lamini P, Huang YC, Chiu CJ, Liu YH, Chou CM, Chiu WT, Du WY, Hung CC, Chan HC, Chu B, Cheng HC, Su J, Tu CC, Cheng CY, Fan CK. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among children in Swaziland, southern Africa. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2010; 103:731-6. [PMID: 20030998 DOI: 10.1179/000349809x12554106963474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Underhill HR, Yuan C, Yarnykh VL, Chu B, Oikawa M, Dong L, Polissar NL, Garden GA, Cramer SC, Hatsukami TS. Predictors of surface disruption with MR imaging in asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2009; 31:487-93. [PMID: 19833801 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Surface disruption, either ulceration or fibrous cap rupture, has been identified as a key feature of the unstable atherosclerotic plaque. In this prospective observational study, we sought to determine the characteristics of the carotid lesion that predict the development of new surface disruption. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred eight asymptomatic individuals with 50%-79% carotid stenosis underwent carotid MR imaging at baseline and at 3 years. Multicontrast imaging criteria were used to determine the presence or absence of calcification, LRNC, intraplaque hemorrhage, and surface disruption. Volume measurements of plaque morphology and the LRNC and calcification, when present, were collected. RESULTS At baseline, 21.3% (23/108) of participants were identified with a surface disruption. After 3 years, 9 (10.6%) of the remaining 85 individuals without disruption at baseline developed a new surface disruption during follow-up. Among all baseline variables associated with new surface disruption during regression analysis, the proportion of wall volume occupied by the LRNC (percentage LRNC volume; OR per 5% increase, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.5-4.6) was the strongest classifier (AUC = 0.95) during ROC analysis. New surface disruption was associated with a significant increase in percentage LRNC volume (1.7 +/- 2.0% per year, P = .035). CONCLUSIONS This prospective investigation of asymptomatic individuals with 50%-79% stenosis provides compelling evidence that LRNC size may govern the risk of future surface disruption. Identification of carotid plaques in danger of developing new surface disruption may prove clinically valuable for preventing the transition from stable to unstable atherosclerotic disease.
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Wang J, Yarnykh VL, Molitor JA, Nash RA, Chu B, Wilson GJ, Fleming J, Schwartz SM, Yuan C. Comment on: Micro magnetic resonance angiography of the finger in systemic sclerosis: reply. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2008. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Neese B, Chu B, Lu SG, Wang Y, Furman E, Zhang QM. Large Electrocaloric Effect in Ferroelectric Polymers Near Room Temperature. Science 2008; 321:821-3. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1159655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 831] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Wang J, Yarnykh VL, Molitor JA, Nash RA, Chu B, Wilson GJ, Fleming J, Schwartz SM, Yuan C. Micro magnetic resonance angiography of the finger in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2008; 47:1239-43. [PMID: 18559373 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize vascular lesions in SSc disease with high-resolution magnetic resonance angiography (Micro-MRA) of the finger. METHODS Eight SSc subjects and eight age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited for this study. Among the SSc subjects, the mean +/- s.d. age was 54.5 +/- 4.9 yrs, and the mean +/- s.d. duration of disease was 8.3 +/- 8.4 yrs. The numbers of SSc subjects that had telangiectasia, calcinosis and impaired finger flexion were 3, 2 and 3, respectively. The 2D time-of-flight micro-MRA was performed on a 3T clinical MRI scanner using a custom-designed finger coil with an in-plane resolution of 0.16 x 0.21 mm(2) and slice thickness of 1.2 mm. The data for the proper palmar digital artery lumen area, the number of visible dorsal digital veins and a semi-quantitative vascular score, which evaluates the overall integrity of digital vessels, were independently evaluated by two experienced reviewers who were blinded to the status of the subject. RESULTS Micro-MRA detected significant differences in the digital vasculature between SSc subjects and healthy volunteers. The SSc subjects had a significantly decreased digital artery lumen area (0.13 +/- 0.06 vs 0.53 +/- 0.26 mm(2), P < 0.001), a reduced number of digital veins (0.63 +/- 1.06 vs 3.13 +/- 0.99, P = 0.001) and a lowered overall vascular score (1.75 +/- 1.04 vs 3.5 +/- 0.53, P = 0.001). The study also found that both the digital artery lumen area (Pearson's; r = -0.72, P = 0.044) and vascular scores (Spearman's; rho = -0.75, P = 0.047) of the SSc subjects were inversely correlated with the duration of the disease. CONCLUSIONS Micro-MRA can be used to identify and quantitatively characterize the vascular disease in SSc fingers. The parameters derived from micro-MRA could potentially be used as prospective biomarkers for clinical evaluation.
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Saam T, Underhill HR, Chu B, Takaya N, Nikolaou K, Reiser M, Yuan C, Hatsukami TS. Nicht-invasive Darstellung des arteriellen Remodeling und dessen Einfluss auf die Prävalenz vulnerabler atherosklerotischer Karotisplaques mit der Magnetresonanztomographie. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1073557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Koga T, Jerome J, Rafailovich MH, Chu B, Douglas J, Satija S. Supercritical fluid processing of polymer thin films: an X-ray study of molecular-level porosity. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 128-130:217-26. [PMID: 17239334 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2006.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews our recent experimental results that address the effects of solvent density inhomogeneities in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)) on polymer thin film processing. The key phenomenon is excess sorption of CO(2) molecules into polymer thin films even when the bulk miscibility with CO(2) is very poor. We have found that the amount of the excess sorption is attributed to the large density fluctuations in scCO(2) near the critical point. Further, taking advantage of the vitrification process of polymer chains through quick evaporation of CO(2), we can preserve the "expanded" structures as they are. The resultant films have large degree of molecular-level porosity that is very useful in producing coatings with low dielectric constants, enhanced adhesion, and metallization properties. These characteristics can be achieved in an environmentally "green" manner, without organic solvents, and are not specific to any class of polymers.
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Minowa K, Inoue N, Izumiyama Y, Ashikaga Y, Chu B, Maravilla KR, Totsuka Y, Nakamura M. Static bone cavity of the mandible: Computed tomography findings with histopathologic correlation. Acta Radiol 2006; 47:705-9. [PMID: 16950709 DOI: 10.1080/02841850600796517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review computed tomography (CT) findings of histopathologically examined static bone cavities in order to determine whether an additional pathogenesis may play a role in this disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four patients with histopathologically examined static bone cavities were included in this retrospective study. Location, appearance of bone remodeling, tissue characteristics, and contrast enhancement of the cavity were assessed on CT images. CT findings were then compared with the histopathological findings. RESULTS Static bone cavity was found in the lingual molar region in three patients and in the lingual cuspid region of the mandible in one patient. Both fatty and soft tissues were present in the cavities of all four patients. Attenuation of the soft tissue in the cavities was found to be different from that of the submandibular gland. The soft tissue showed enhancement with contrast-enhanced CT in three patients. For all patients, the histopathologic content of the static bone cavity included fat, soft tissue, and abnormal vasculature. The thickened vein wall in the abnormal vasculature was observed. Aberrant tissue of the submandibular gland was not found in any of the static bone cavities. CONCLUSION Contrast enhancement of the soft tissue on the contrast-enhanced CT images suggests the presence of vasculature in the cavities. Histopathological examination confirmed the presence of fatty tissue and dilated abnormal vessels, and the absence of salivary gland tissue in the cavities. These findings show that vascular structures are prominent in tissues found in static bone cavities.
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Takaya N, Yuan C, Chu B. Association between carotid plaque characteristics and subsequent ischemic cerebrovascular events: A prospective assessment with MRI—initial results. J Vasc Surg 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2006.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Takaya N, Yuan C, Chu B. Association between carotid plaque characteristics and subsequent ischemic cerebrovascular events: A prospective assessment with MRI—initial results. J Vasc Surg 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2006.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Yang C, Tang D, Yarnykh V, Yuan C, Hatsukami T, Chu B, Liu F, Zheng J, Woodard P. Low structure stress correlates positively with atherosclerotic plaque wall thickness: in vivo/ex vivo MRI-based 3D FSI models for human atherosclerotic plaques. J Biomech 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(06)85534-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Saam T, Hatsukami TS, Underhill H, Chu B, Takaya N, Cai J, Yarnykh V, Kerwin WS, Yuan C. Sind quantitative Messungen Atherosklerotischer Plaques mittels 1.5T Siemens-, GE- und Phillips MR-Tomographen identisch? ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-940902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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