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Sadeghi T, Fatehi P, Pakzad L. Effect of Nasal Inhalation on Drug Particle Deposition and Size Distribution in the Upper Airway: With Soft Mist Inhalers. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:1195-1212. [PMID: 38509413 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03423-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Delivery of drugs to the lungs is commonly achieved using nasal and/or oral breathing-assisted techniques. The route of inhalation can substantially change the fate of inhaled droplets. The Respimat® Soft Mist™ Inhaler (SMI) is a commercially available efficient inhaler with 40-60% effectiveness. In the present study, we used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with a custom setup to investigate the effect of a combined oral/nasal inhalation route on the SMI's regional droplet deposition, size distribution, and flow field. Our setup used a modified induction port (MIP) to mimic nasal inhalation inside the human respiratory tract. Six different oral/nasal flow rate ratios inside the MIP were applied (total flow rate of 30 l/min). An overall good agreement was achieved between simulation outcomes and in vitro results. Our results confirmed that the combined inhalation route affects the flow field, altering the MIP's droplet deposition and size distribution. The lowest depositional loss, mainly in the mouth area, was observed at oral/nasal flow rate ratios of O/N = 1 and O/N = 2 with 3% and 7.7% values, respectively. Droplets with a 2-5 µm diameter range showed the highest droplet mass inside the MIP at all combined flow rates. We observed less intense vortexes followed by a lower level of turbulent kinetic energy at the oral/nasal ratio of 1. Increasing the relative humidity (RH) at oral/nasal flow rate ratios of 0.07, 1, and 14 led to an increase in droplet deposition at the outlet of the MIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Sadeghi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Leila Pakzad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada.
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Choudhary V, Mandariya AK, Zhao R, Gupta T. Field evidence of brown carbon absorption enhancement linked to organic nitrogen formation in Indo-Gangetic Plain. Sci Total Environ 2024:172506. [PMID: 38636862 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric brown carbon (BrC), a short-lived climate forcer, absorbs solar radiation and is a substantial contributor to the warming of the Earth's atmosphere. BrC composition, its absorption properties, and their evolution are poorly represented in climate models, especially during atmospheric aqueous events such as fog and clouds. These aqueous events, especially fog, are quite prevalent during wintertime in Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) and involve several stages (e.g., activation, formation, and dissipation, etc.), resulting in a large variation of relative humidity (RH) in the atmosphere. The huge RH variability allowed us to examine the evolution of water-soluble brown carbon (WS-BrC) diurnally and as a function of aerosol liquid water content (ALWC) and RH in this study. We explored links between the evolution of WS-BrC mass absorption efficiency at 365 nm (MAEWS-BrC-365) and chemical characteristics, viz., low-volatility organics and water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) to water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) ratio (org-N/C), in the field (at Kanpur in central IGP) for the first time worldwide. We observed that WSON formation governed enhancement in MAEWS-BrC-365 diurnally (except during the afternoon) in the IGP. During the afternoon, the WS-BrC photochemical bleaching dwarfed the absorption enhancement caused by WSON formation. Further, both MAEWS-BrC-365 and org-N/C ratio increased with a decrease in ALWC and RH in this study, signifying that evaporation of fog droplets or bulk aerosol particles accelerated the formation of nitrogen-containing organic chromophores, resulting in the enhancement of WS-BrC absorptivity. The direct radiative forcing of WS-BrC relative to that of elemental carbon (EC) was ~19 % during wintertime in Kanpur, and ~ 40 % of this contribution was in the UV-region. These findings highlight the importance of further examining the links between the evolution of BrC absorption behavior and chemical composition in the field and incorporating it in the BrC framework of climate models to constrain the predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Choudhary
- Department of Civil Engineering and APTL at Center for Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE), Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016, India; Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R2, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anil Kumar Mandariya
- Univ Paris Est Creteil and Université Paris Cité, CNRS, LISA, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Ran Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R2, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Tarun Gupta
- Department of Civil Engineering and APTL at Center for Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE), Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016, India.
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Ahmed S, Mozumder MSI, Zzaman W, Yasin M, Das S. Integrated drying model of lychee as a function of temperature and relative humidity. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28590. [PMID: 38590892 PMCID: PMC11000004 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Drying is a universal method applied for food preservation. To date, several models have been developed to evaluate drying kinetics. In this study, lychee was dried employing a hot air dryer, and the drying kinetics was evaluated by comparing the Newtonian model, Henderson and Pabis model, Page model, and Logarithmic model. However, temperature and relative humidity, the key driving forces for drying kinetics, are not considered by these models. Thus, an integrated drying model, as a function of temperature and relative humidity, was developed to predict the hot air-drying kinetics and mass transfer phenomena of lychee followed by the calibration and validation of the model with independent experimental datasets. The model validation consisted of Nash- Sutcliffe model coefficient (E ), coefficient of determination ( R 2 ) and index of agreement ( d ) and all of them were found close to 1 indicating perfect model fit. Besides, the developed model was applied for process optimization and scenario analysis. The drying rate constant was found as a function of temperature and relative humidity that was high at high temperature and low relative humidity. Interestingly, temperature showed a higher effect on the drying rate constant compared to relative humidity. Overall, the present study will open a new window to developing further drying model of lychee to optimize quality its quality parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafaet Ahmed
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh
| | - Md Salatul Islam Mozumder
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh
| | - Wahidu Zzaman
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh
| | - Md Yasin
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh
| | - Shuvo Das
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh
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Djègbè NDC, Da DF, Somé BM, Paré LIG, Cissé F, Mamai W, Mouline K, Sawadogo SP, Challenger JD, Churcher TS, Dabiré RK. Anopheles aquatic development kinetic and adults' longevity through different seasons in laboratory and semi-field conditions in Burkina Faso. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:181. [PMID: 38589957 PMCID: PMC11000375 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Anopheles mosquitoes are ectothermic and involved in numerous pathogen transmissions. Their life history traits are influenced by several environmental factors such as temperature, relative humidity and photoperiodicity. Despite extensive investigations of these environmental conditions on vector population ecology, their impact on the different life stages of Anopheles at different seasons in the year remains poorly explored. This study reports the potential impact of these abiotic factors on the immature and adult stages of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato during different seasons. METHODS Environmental conditions were simulated in the laboratory using incubators to mimic the environmental conditions of two important periods of the year in Burkina Faso: the peak of rainy season (August) and the onset of dry season (December). Eggs from wild An. coluzzii and An. gambiae s.l. were reared separately under each environmental condition. For Anopheles coluzzii or An. gambiae s.l., eggs were equally divided into two groups assigned to the two experimental conditions. Four replicates were carried out for this experiment. Then, egg hatching rate, pupation rate, larval development time, larva-to-pupae development time, adult emergence dynamics and longevity of Anopheles were evaluated. Also, pupae-to-adult development time from wild L3 and L4 Anopheles larvae was estimated under semi-field conditions in December. RESULTS A better egg hatching rate was recorded overall with conditions mimicking the onset of the dry season compared to the peak of the rainy season. Larval development time and longevity of An. gambiae s.l. female were significantly longer at the onset of the dry season compared than at the peak of the rainy season. Adult emergence was spread over 48 and 96 h at the peak of the rainy season and onset of dry season conditions respectively. This 96h duration in the controlled conditions of December was also observed in the semi-field conditions in December. CONCLUSIONS The impact of temperature and relative humidity on immature stages and longevity of An. gambiae s.l. adult females differed under both conditions. These findings contribute to a better understanding of vector population dynamics throughout different seasons of the year and may facilitate tailoring of control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicaise D C Djègbè
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale, 399 avenue de la liberte, 01 BP 545, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso.
- Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
| | - Dari F Da
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale, 399 avenue de la liberte, 01 BP 545, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso.
| | - Bernard M Somé
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale, 399 avenue de la liberte, 01 BP 545, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
- Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Lawata Inès G Paré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale, 399 avenue de la liberte, 01 BP 545, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
- Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Fatoumata Cissé
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale, 399 avenue de la liberte, 01 BP 545, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
- Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Wadaka Mamai
- Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement (IRAD), PO. Box 2123, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Karine Mouline
- MIVEGEC, Montpellier University, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Simon P Sawadogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale, 399 avenue de la liberte, 01 BP 545, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Joseph D Challenger
- Medical Research Council Centre for Global Infections Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas S Churcher
- Medical Research Council Centre for Global Infections Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Roch K Dabiré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale, 399 avenue de la liberte, 01 BP 545, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
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Zhang X, Zhang T, Chen X, Ni J, Xu S, Peng Y, Wang G, Sun W, Liu X, Pan F. The impact of short-term exposure to meteorological factors on the risk of death from hypertension and its major complications: a time series analysis based on Hefei, China. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024; 97:313-329. [PMID: 38403848 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-024-02046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to reveal the short-term impact of meteorological factors on the mortality risk in hypertensive patients, providing a scientific foundation for formulating pertinent prevention and control policies. METHODS In this research, meteorological factor data and daily death data of hypertensive patients in Hefei City from 2015 to 2018 were integrated. Time series analysis was performed using distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) and generalized additive model (GAM). Furthermore, we conducted stratified analysis based on gender and age. Relative risk (RR) combined with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was used to represent the mortality risk of single day and cumulative day in hypertensive patients. RESULTS Single-day lag results indicated that high daily mean temperature (T mean) (75th percentile, 24.9 °C) and low diurnal temperature range (DTR) (25th percentile, 4.20 °C) levels were identified as risk factors for death in hypertensive patients (maximum effective RR values were 1.144 and 1.122, respectively). Extremely high levels of relative humidity (RH) (95th percentile, 94.29%) reduced the risk of death (RR value was 0.893). The stratified results showed that the elderly and female populations are more susceptible to low DTR levels, whereas extremely high levels of RH have a more significant protective effect on both populations. CONCLUSION Overall, we found that exposure to low DTR and high T mean environments increases the risk of death for hypertensive patients, while exposure to extremely high RH environments significantly reduces the risk of death for hypertensive patients. These findings contribute valuable insights for shaping targeted prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- The Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- The Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xuyang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Department of Hospital Management Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Jianping Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Department of Hospital Management Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Siwen Xu
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, 500 Zhennan Road, Shanghai, 200333, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Department of Hospital Management Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Guosheng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Department of Hospital Management Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Wanqi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Department of Hospital Management Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Xuxiang Liu
- Hefei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 86 Luan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Faming Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- The Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Lǖ J, Fu Y, Yu H, Wang H, Wang Z, Chen H. Effect of relative humidity on the desulfurization performance of calcium-based desulfurizer. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 138:179-188. [PMID: 38135386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Low desulfurization efficiency impedes the wide application of dry desulfurization technology, which is a low-cost and simple process, and one significant solution is the development and manufacture of high-performance desulfurizers. In this study, firstly, a steam jet mill was used to digest quicklime; then, we utilized numerical simulation to study the flow field distribution and analyze the driving factors of quicklime digestion; and lastly, the desulfurization performance of the desulfurizer was evaluated under different relative humidities. The results show that the desulfurizer prepared via the steam jet mill had better apparent activity than traditional desulfurizers. Also, the entire jet flow field of the steam jet mill is in a supersonic and highly turbulent flow state, with high crushing intensity and good particle acceleration performance. Sufficient contact with the nascent surface maximizes the formation of slaked lime. The experiments demonstrated that the operating time with 100% desulfurization efficiency and the "break-through" time for the desulfurizer prepared via the steam jet mill is longer than that of traditional desulfurizers, and has significant advantages, especially at low flue gas relative humidity. Compared with traditional desulfurizers, the desulfurizer prepared via steam jet mill expands the range of acceptable flue gas temperature, and the failure temperature is 1.625 times that of traditional desulfurizers. This work breaks through the technical bottleneck of low dry desulfurization efficiency, which is an important step in pushing forward the application of dry desulfurization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lǖ
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Guangyuan Emergency Management bureau, Guangyuan 628000, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
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Felix A, Abdullahi A, Olufemi A, Jaiyeola OP. Effects of some weather variables on the signal strength of Maloney FM radio, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25978. [PMID: 38449602 PMCID: PMC10915348 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to assess the effects of atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure on the signal strength of Maloney FM Radio, 95.9 MHz, Keffi, Nasarawa State. It is essential to measure the signal strength of the new radio station in relation with some parameters of weather to provide effective service delivery to the critical sectors and the entire populace. The research was conducted using the data of atmospheric temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, and the strength of the Maloney radio signal acquired from 6.00 a.m. to 6.00 p.m. daily at a 30 min interval, from January 2023 to June 2023, in Karshi, Abuja, a neighbouring town to Nasarawa state where the radio station is located. The data analysis involving cointegration and descriptive statistics of the effects of atmospheric variables on the radio signal strength was implemented using Eviews and Microsoft Excel Software. The results showed daily and monthly variations of the radio signal strength as well as the atmospheric temperature, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity. The variation is such that the lowest monthly signal strength was in June, probably due to higher rainfall in the area in June being the last month in this work (Jan.-Jun.) compared to other months which are dry season (January-March) or when the rain was just starting (April-May), in the study area. It was observed that atmospheric temperature and pressure negatively correlate with signal strength while relative humidity positively correlates with received signal strength in all the six months under study. The cointegration analysis also showed a long-term relationship between the radio signal strength and the atmospheric components, as the probability on the first row on the tables of both Trace Test and Maximum Eigenvalue methods were 0.0016 and 0.0008, which are less than the 5% (0.05) set critical value. In the same way, the critical value results on the same first row in both methods are smaller than the Trace statistics values. This implies that there is a long-term relationship between the atmospheric variables and the Maloney FM radio signal strength. These results will help mitigate the attenuation effect, and attendant signal loss of the radio station's signal strength. By proxy, the results will support the operations and regulations of spectrum management in the design of satellite communications and satellite microwave band specifications in Nigeria. In addition, the pre-determination of the radio station location will depend on this study's result analyses, considering that the effects of atmospheric temperature, pressure, and humidity conditions are inevitable. Governments, policymakers, stakeholders, and other relevant authorities should ensure the domestication of the study by providing the necessary research materials and facilities for wider studies. As regards the Maloney FM radio station, Keffi, studied in this work, there is no similar or related work done on it before now, hence, providing the detailed relationship between the signal strength of the radio station and some weather variables will go a long way in the improvement of the quality of signal transmission from Maloney radio station. The results when provided to the station, will enable the management to also evaluate if their set target of the station such as the radio horizon, radio signal coverage, and the link budget have been met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ale Felix
- Department of Engineering and Space Systems, National Space Research and Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Elect/Elect Engineering, University of Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ayegba Abdullahi
- Department of Engineering and Space Systems, National Space Research and Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Agboola Olufemi
- Department of Engineering and Space Systems, National Space Research and Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
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Lal DM, Umakanth N, Domkawale MA, Gopalakrishnan V, Srivastava MK, Pawar SD. Association of lightning with LCL, EL, humidity at 850 mb and at 200 mb during various CAPE, over northern India. Sci Total Environ 2024; 915:169947. [PMID: 38220021 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Association of lightning with Lifting Condensation Level (LCL), Equilibrium Level (EL), K Index, and humidity at 850 mb and 200 mb in 2019 and 2020 over National Capital Region (Delhi) (Lat: 27°N -29°N, Lon: 76°E-78°E) is investigated using in-situ observation data. Study shows high lightning activity during low LCL, and vice versa. This high lighting and low LCL is associated with high relative humidity at 850 mb, and high "K" index. Low LCL and high relative humidity (low dew point depression) at 850 mb helps in generating super cell thunderstorms with spinning/tornado updraft. It is seen that asymmetric LCL height and relative humidity at 850 mb is the prime causes for uneven seasonal lightning in 2019 and 2020 over the region, despite more or less same seasonal aerosol and relative humidity. Anvil clouds behave uneven with time, despite, unanimous cloud top glaciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deen Mani Lal
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, India.
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Jongbo AO, Olajide SS, Deniz M, Vieira FMC. Thermal characterization and ventilation assessment of a battery-caged laying hen housing in the humid tropic climate. Int J Biometeorol 2024; 68:411-417. [PMID: 38155288 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02599-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The indoor climate to which livestock are exposed is a critical factor influencing their performance and productivity. Elevated air temperature and relative humidity could result in heat stress for laying hens. This situation results in severe adverse effects such as weight loss and mortality. Egg fertility and hatchability are also impacted. Consequently, a study was carried out in a naturally ventilated battery-caged laying hen house to measure climatic variables (air temperature, relative humidity and air velocity). The degree of heat stress was assessed using the temperature-humidity index (THI), and the index of temperature and air velocity (ITV) was also evaluated. According to the results obtained, birds reared within the study building would spend most of their productive life under stressful thermal conditions, which could significantly hamper their performance. The air velocity was below 1.0 ms-1 for most of the internal part of the housing, meaning natural air movement at the location was insufficient to provide a suitable environment for the birds. A high THI was recorded for nearly the entire study period. This high THI could indicate high relative humidity about air temperature. The observed ITV values (ITV > 25) suggest that birds throughout the building could be perpetually uncomfortable. The thermal and velocity profile within the structure could further be assessed numerically using computational fluid dynamics. This would enable engineers to make modifications to improve living conditions within the building.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoola Olawole Jongbo
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.
| | - Stephen Segun Olajide
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Matheus Deniz
- School of Medicine Veterinary and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil
- Biometeorology Study Group [GEBIOMET], Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná [UTFPR], Estrada Para Boa Esperança, Km 04, Comunidade São Cristóvão, Paraná, Dois Vizinhos, 85660-000, Brazil
| | - Frederico Marcio C Vieira
- Biometeorology Study Group [GEBIOMET], Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná [UTFPR], Estrada Para Boa Esperança, Km 04, Comunidade São Cristóvão, Paraná, Dois Vizinhos, 85660-000, Brazil
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Évora AS, Zhang Z, Johnson SA, Adams MJ. The effects of hydration on the topographical and mechanical properties of corneocytes. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106296. [PMID: 38141363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that the biomechanical properties of the Stratum Corneum (SC) are influenced by both moisture-induced plasticization and the lipid content. This study employs Atomic Force Microscopy to investigate how hydration affects the surface topographical and elasto-viscoplastic characteristics of corneocytes from two anatomical sites. Volar forearm cells underwent swelling when immersed in water with a 50% increase in thickness and volume. Similarly, medial heel cells demonstrated significant swelling in volume, accompanied by increased cell area and reduced cell roughness. Furthermore, as the water activity was increased, they exhibited enhanced compliance, leading to a decreased Young's modulus, hardness, and relaxation times. Moreover, the swollen cells also displayed a greater tolerance to strain before experiencing permanent deformation. Despite the greater predominance of immature cornified envelopes in plantar skin, the comparable Young's modulus of medial heel and forearm corneocytes suggests that cell stiffness primarily relies on the keratin matrix rather than on the cornified envelope. The Young's moduli of the cells in distilled water are similar to those reported for the SC, which suggests that the corneodesmosomes and intercellular lamellae lipids junctions that connect the corneocytes are able to accommodate the mechanical deformations of the SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Évora
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Simon A Johnson
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Michael J Adams
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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11
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Brandt P, Bjerg B. Comparison of models for the relationship between respiration rate or rectal temperature and increased heat load in farm animals. J Therm Biol 2024; 119:103770. [PMID: 38134537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is an increasing challenge for production animals, particularly in warmer regions of the world. The aim of this study was to compare the fit of three different relationships when modelling respiration rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) in animals exposed to increased load. Data from three published studies on finishing pigs, gestating sows and dairy cows were analysed. RR and RT are characterized by being unaffected by increased heat load as long as it is kept below a certain level, and in warmer conditions they increase with increased heat load. As an expression of heat load either the air temperature or the ET (Effective Temperature) was used. The ET unites the effect of air temperature, air humidity and velocity on the animal perception of increased heat load. The relationship between RR and RT and the temperature or the ET was analysed by multiple change point regression and the cubic relationships were modelled. In general, the models provided better fits for RR compared to RT. Relationships with an unaffected piece followed by a quadratic relationship and the cubic relationships performed nearly equally well. Using ET resulted in better correlations than using temperature alone for gestating sows and dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Brandt
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Bjerg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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12
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Nikolaou N, Bouwer LM, Dallavalle M, Valizadeh M, Stafoggia M, Peters A, Wolf K, Schneider A. Improved daily estimates of relative humidity at high resolution across Germany: A random forest approach. Environ Res 2023; 238:117173. [PMID: 37734577 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The lack of readily available methods for estimating high-resolution near-surface relative humidity (RH) and the incapability of weather stations to fully capture the spatiotemporal variability can lead to exposure misclassification in studies of environmental epidemiology. We therefore aimed to predict German-wide 1 × 1 km daily mean RH during 2000-2021. RH observations, longitude and latitude, modelled air temperature, precipitation and wind speed as well as remote sensing information on topographic elevation, vegetation, and the true color band composite were incorporated in a Random Forest (RF) model, in addition to date for capturing the temporal variations of the response-explanatory variables relationship. The model achieved high accuracy (R2 = 0.83) and low errors (Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 5.07%, Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 5.19% and Mean Percentage Error (MPE) of - 0.53%), calculated via ten-fold cross-validation. A comparison of our RH predictions with measurements from a dense monitoring network in the city of Augsburg, South Germany confirmed the good performance (R2 ≥ 0.86, RMSE ≤ 5.45%, MAPE ≤ 5.59%, MPE ≤ 3.11%). The model displayed high German-wide RH (22y-average of 79.00%) and high spatial variability across the country, exceeding 12% on yearly averages. Our findings indicate that the proposed RF model is suitable for estimating RH for a whole country in high-resolution and provide a reliable RH dataset for epidemiological analyses and other environmental research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Nikolaou
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany.
| | - Laurens M Bouwer
- Climate Service Center Germany (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Marco Dallavalle
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany.
| | - Mahyar Valizadeh
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service - ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy.
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Wolf
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
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13
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Diyes CP, Dergousoff SJ, Chilton NB. Differences in the reproductive output and larval survival of Rocky Mountain wood ticks (Dermacentor andersoni) and American dog ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) from prairie populations near their northern distributional limits in western Canada. Exp Appl Acarol 2023; 91:645-660. [PMID: 38015278 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The effects of temperature and relative humidity (RH) on female reproductive output, egg development and larval survival were determined for Rocky Mountain wood ticks (Dermacentor andersoni) from a prairie population (Chin Lakes, Alberta, Canada) near the northern distribution limit of this species. The responses of D. andersoni eggs and unfed larvae to different temperature (25 or 32 °C) and RH (35, 55, 75, 85 or 95%) regimes were compared to our previously published data (Diyes et al. 2021) for a northern prairie population of American dog ticks (Dermacentor variabilis). Oviposition by D. andersoni females took 21-30 days at 25 °C and 95% RH compared to 10-21 days for D. variabilis. The number of eggs laid by female ticks was strongly dependent on their engorgement weight, and D. andersoni females produced more eggs than D. variabilis females of an equivalent body weight. Eggs of D. andersoni took less time to develop at 32 °C than 25 °C with ≥ 85% RH, and hatched faster than those of D. variabilis. Larval survival times declined as temperature increased and RH decreased, but D. andersoni survived longer at 32 °C and ≤ 75% RH than D. variabilis. The interspecific differences in responses to the same temperature and humidity regimes indicate that D. andersoni is xerophilic, whereas D. variabilis is hydrophilic. Hence, 'prairie' populations of the Rocky Mountain wood tick occur in the drier grassland ecoregions but are absent in Aspen Parklands Ecoregion which is located to the north and east of the distributional range of D. andersoni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulantha P Diyes
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Shaun J Dergousoff
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Neil B Chilton
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada.
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Chen SC, Tao F, Liu W, Wang X, Ding J, Zhang Z, Ma D. Emerging and traditional organophosphate esters in office air from Hangzhou, East China: Seasonal variations, influencing factors and human exposure assessment. Environ Int 2023; 182:108313. [PMID: 37984293 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Eight emerging and six traditional organophosphate esters (OPEs) were investigated in office air from Hangzhou China with all the traditional OPEs and 5 out of 8 emerging OPEs detected. The median concentrations of ∑traditional OPEs and ∑emerging OPEs were 61,200 and 5.81 pg/m3, respectively. Butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate (BPDPP) and trisisopropyltrisphenyl phosphate (TIPPP) were observed for the first time in indoor air and Chinese office, respectively. The levels of ∑traditional OPEs decreased in the following order: summer > autumn > spring > winter. Conversely, no obvious trends were observed for emerging OPEs. ∑traditional OPEs (p < 0.001) and tri(chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) (p < 0.01) concentrations were positively correlated with temperature. Interestingly, ∑emerging OPEs and the individual emerging OPEs analytes had no significant correlations with temperature (p > 0.05). ∑traditional OPEs, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and TCIPP levels were significantly positively correlated with relative humidity (p < 0.05), while ∑emerging OPEs levels were negatively correlated with relative humidity (p < 0.05). Median intakes of traditional OPEs were estimated to be several orders of magnitude lower than the corresponding Reference Dose (RfD) values. The distinct environmental behaviors of emerging OPEs compared to traditional OPEs, coupled with the lack of established RfD values for them, underscore the need for their risk evaluations in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Cun Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fang Tao
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Wenbin Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Xingcheng Wang
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jinjian Ding
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhengyi Zhang
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Danling Ma
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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15
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Zhang W, Xing Y, Hao L, Wang J, Cui Y, Yan X, Jia H, Su W. Effect of gas components on the degradation mechanism of o-dichlorobenzene by non-thermal plasma technology with single dielectric barrier discharge. Chemosphere 2023; 340:139866. [PMID: 37633603 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the degradation of o-DCB under different gas-phase parameter conditions was investigated using the SDBD-NTP system. The results showed that the increase in initial and oxygen concentrations had opposite effects on the degradation of o-DCB. Among them, the increase of oxygen concentration promoted the degradation of o-DCB. Relative humidity promoted and then inhibited the degradation of o-DCB. The highest degradation efficiency of o-DCB was achieved at RH = 15%, reaching 91% at 29W. In the study of by-products, it was found that O3 and NOx were the main inorganic by-products, and that different oxygen levels and relative humidity conditions had a large effect on the production of O3 and NOx. In all of them, the concentration of O3 decreased with the increase of input power. NOx increased with increasing oxygen concentration, but the increase in relative humidity inhibited the production of NO and N2O and promoted the conversion of NO2. A study of organic by-products revealed this. In the absence of oxygen, a higher number of benzene products appeared. Whereas, with the addition of oxygen, only in the by-products under conditions where no relative humidity was introduced, benzene ring products were predominantly present in the by-products. However, when RH was added, n-hexane was found to be present in the by-products. This may be because the introduction of OH• favors the destruction of the benzene ring. Finally, the possible reaction pathways and reaction mechanisms of o-DCB under different gas-phase parameters are given. It provides a reference for future related scientific research as well as scientific problems in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Yi Xing
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Liangyuan Hao
- Strategy Research Institute HBIS Group, HBIS Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, 050023, PR China
| | - Jiaqing Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Yongkang Cui
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Xue Yan
- Beijing OriginWater Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Haoqi Jia
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China
| | - Wei Su
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Air Pollution Control, Guangzhou, 510530, PR China.
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16
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Pei C, Wu Y, Tao J, Zhang L, Zhang T, Zhang R, Li S. Seasonal variations of mass absorption efficiency of elemental carbon in PM 2.5 in urban Guangzhou of South China. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 133:83-92. [PMID: 37451792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates seasonal variations of mass absorption efficiency of elemental carbon (MAEEC) and possible influencing factors in urban Guangzhou of South China. Mass concentrations of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) in PM2.5 and aerosol absorption coefficient (bap) at multi-wavelengths were simultaneously measured in four seasons of 2018-2019 at hourly resolution by a semi-continuous carbon analyzer and an aethalometer. Seasonal average mass concentrations of EC were in the range of 1.36-1.70 µgC/m3 with a lower value in summer than in the other seasons, while those of OC were in the range of 4.70-6.49 µgC/m3 with the lowest value in summer and the highest in autumn. Vehicle exhaust from local traffic was identified to be the predominant source of carbonaceous aerosols. The average aerosol absorption Ångström exponents (AAE) were lower than 1.2 in four seasons, indicating EC and bap were closely related with vehicle exhaust. Seasonal MAEEC at 550 nm was 11.0, 8.5, 10.4 and 11.3 m2/g in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. High MAEEC was related with the high mass ratio of non-carbonaceous aerosols to EC and high ambient relative humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglei Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Guangzhou Sub-branch of Guangdong Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou 518049, China
| | - Yunfei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jun Tao
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Leiming Zhang
- Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Guangdong Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou 510308, China
| | - Runqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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17
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Zhan ZY, Fang HY, Xu XY, Hu ZJ. Interactions of particulate matter with temperature, heat index and relative humidity on pediatric hand, foot, and mouth disease in a subtropical city. Environ Pollut 2023; 336:122385. [PMID: 37648054 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The associations of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) with meteorological variables and particulate matter (PM) remain controversial, and limited evidence is available on heat index (HI) and coarse particulate (PM10-2.5). Moreover, temperature and humidity are considered major risk factors but their interaction with PM remains unclear. We combined the distributed lag non-linear and quasi-Poisson models to estimate the non-linear and lagged associations of meteorological variables and PM with HFMD based on reported HFMD during 2015-2019 in Fuzhou, China. The multiplicative term of interaction was used to explore the relationship between HFMD and meteorological variables or PM at different levels of another variable. Stratified analyses were used to identify vulnerable subpopulations. We observed inverted-V-shaped relationships between HFMD and temperature and HI, and the W- and N-shaped for relative humidity (RH) and PM, respectively. Extreme high (i.e., the 95th percentile) temperature, HI and RH increased the HFMD with relative risks (RR) of 4.00 (95% confidence interval, 2.79-5.75), 2.20 (1.71-2.83) and 1.54 (1.35-1.75) referent to the minimum effect value of 10.3 °C, 69.4 and 54.8%, respectively. Higher concentrations of PM rapidly increased the HFMD. Infants under 2 years suffered more from temperature, HI and PM. There were synergistic effects between meteorological variables and PM on HFMD. For instance, the RRs of temperature (30 °C) and RH (40%) on HFMD increased from 3.68 (2.24-6.06) to 6.44 (4.29-9.66) and from 0.45 (0.14-1.47) to 2.15 (0.90-5.12) at low (<25%) and high (>75%) categories of PM2.5, respectively. While the RRs of 70 μg/m3 of PM10 and PM10-2.5 increased from 0.65 (0.32-1.31) to 2.93 (1.63-5.26) and from 0.86 (0.23-3.21) to 3.26 (1.23-8.62) at low and high categories of HI. These findings are essential for the development a prediction and warning systems and prevention and control strategies for HFMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ying Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hai-Yin Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China; Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350004, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xin-Ying Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China.
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18
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Xu W, Zhao Y, Lv Y, Bouphun T, Jia W, Liao S, Zhu M, Zou Y. Variations in microbial diversity and chemical components of raw dark tea under different relative humidity storage conditions. Food Chem X 2023; 19:100863. [PMID: 37780317 PMCID: PMC10534245 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Raw dark tea (RDT) usually needs to be stored for a long time to improve its quality under suitable relative humidity (RH). However, the impact of RH on tea quality is unclear. In this study, we investigated the metabolites and microbial diversity, and evaluated the sensory quality of RDT stored under three RH conditions (1%, 57%, and 88%). UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis identified 144 metabolites, including catechins, flavonols, phenolic acids, amino acids, and organic acids. 57% RH led to higher levels of O-methylated catechin derivatives, polymerized catechins, and flavonols/flavones when compared to 1% and 88% RH. The best score in sensory evaluation was also obtained by 57% RH. Aspergillus, Gluconobacter, Kluyvera, and Pantoea were identified as the core functional microorganisms in RDT under different RH storage conditions. Overall, the findings provided new insights into the variation of microbial communities and chemical components under different RH storage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- College of Horticulture, Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yiqiao Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yating Lv
- College of Horticulture, Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tunyaluk Bouphun
- Faculty of Science and Agricultural Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna Lampang, Lampang 52000, Thailand
| | - Wenbao Jia
- College of Horticulture, Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Siyu Liao
- College of Horticulture, Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yao Zou
- College of Horticulture, Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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19
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Sebek M, Krake EF, Baumann W, Strunk J, Steinfeldt N. Effect of atmosphere and relative humidity on photodegradation of clopidogrel under artificial solar and indoor light irradiation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 234:115506. [PMID: 37311375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the chemical stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is an important issue in the drug development process. This work describes a methodical approach and a comprehensive protocol for forced photodegradation studies of solid clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate (Clp) under artificial sunlight and indoor irradiation at different relative humidities (RHs) and atmospheres. The results showed that, at low RHs (up to 21%), this API was relatively resistant to simulated sunlight as well as indoor light. However, at higher RHs (between 52% and 100%), more degradation products were formed, and the degradation rate increased with rising RH. The influence of oxygen on the degradation was relatively low, and most degradation reactions proceeded even in humid argon atmosphere. The photodegradation products (DP) were analyzed with two different HPLC systems (LC-UV, LC-UV-MS) and selected impurities were separated by a semi-preparative HPLC and identified by high resolution mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS) and 1H NMR techniques. Based on the obtained results, a light induced degradation pathway could be proposed for Clp in solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sebek
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Everaldo F Krake
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumann
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jennifer Strunk
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Norbert Steinfeldt
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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Tran HM, Chuang TW, Chuang HC, Tsai FJ. Climate change and mortality rates of COPD and asthma: A global analysis from 2000 to 2018. Environ Res 2023; 233:116448. [PMID: 37352955 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change plays a significant role in global health threats, particularly with respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, but the long-term global-scale impact of climate change on these diseases' mortality remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the impact of climate change on the age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) of COPD and asthma at national levels. METHODS We used Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data of ASMR of COPD and asthma from 2000 to 2018. The climate change index was represented as the deviance percentage of temperature (DPT) and relative humidity (DPRH), calculated based on 19-year temperature and humidity averages. Annual temperature, RH, and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels in 185 countries/regions were obtained from ERA5 and the OECD's environmental statistics database. General linear mixed-effect regression models were used to examine the associations between climate change with the log of ASMR (LASMR) of COPD and asthma. RESULTS After adjusting for annual PM2.5, SDI level, smoking prevalence, and geographical regions, a 0.26% increase in DPT was associated with decreases of 0.016, 0.017, and 0.014 per 100,000 people in LASMR of COPD and 0.042, 0.046, and 0.040 per 100,000 people in LASMR of asthma for both genders, males, and females. A 2.68% increase in DPRH was associated with increases of 0.009 and 0.011 per 100,000 people in LASMR of COPD. We observed a negative association of DPT with LASMR for COPD in countries/regions with temperatures ranging from 3.8 to 29.9 °C and with LASMR for asthma ranging from -5.3-29.9 °C. However, we observed a positive association of DPRH with LASMR for both COPD and asthma in the RH range of 41.2-67.2%. CONCLUSION Climate change adaptation and mitigation could be crucial in reducing the associated COPD and asthma mortality rates, particularly in regions most vulnerable to temperature and humidity fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Minh Tran
- Program in Global Health and Health Security, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Public Health, Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy, Da Nang, Viet Nam.
| | - Ting-Wu Chuang
- Program in Global Health and Health Security, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Feng-Jen Tsai
- Program in Global Health and Health Security, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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21
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Dhole RR, Singh RN, Dhanapal R, Singla S, Ramkumar G, Muthuusamy R, Salmen SH, Alharbi SA, Narayanan M, Karuppusamy I. Impact assessment of natural variations in different weather factors on the incidence of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Genn. and yellow vein mosaic disease in Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. Environ Res 2023; 231:116209. [PMID: 37217129 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, also renowned as the silver leaf whitefly, is among the most damaging polyphagous insect pests in many commercially important crops and commodities. A set of field experiments were conducted for three consecutive years i.e., 2018-2020, to investigate the role of variations in rainfall, temperature, and relative humidity on the abundance of B. tabaci in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). In the first experiment, the variety Arka Anamika was cultivated twice a year to analyse the incidence of B. tabaci concerning the prevailing weather factors and the overall pooled incidence recorded during the dry and wet season was 1.34 ± 0.51 to 20.03 ± 1.42 and 2.26 ± 1.08 to 18.3 ± 1.96, respectively. Similarly, it was observed that the highest number of B. tabaci catch (19.51 ± 1.64 whiteflies/3 leaves) was recorded in morning hours between 08:31 to 09:30 a.m. The Yellow Vein Mosaic Disease (YVMD) is a devastating disease of okra caused by begomovirus, for which B. tabaci acts as a vector. In another experiment, screening was conducted to check the relative susceptibility of three different varieties viz., ArkaAnamika, PusaSawani, and ParbhaniKranti against B. tabaci (incidence) and YVMD ((Percent Disease Incidence (PDI), Disease Severity Index (DSI), and Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC)). The recorded data was normalized by standard transformation and subjected to ANOVA for population dynamics and PDI. Pearson's rank correlation matrix and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) have been used to relate the influences of various weather conditions on distribution and abundance. SPSS and R software were used to create the regression model for predicting the population of B. tabaci. Late sown PusaSawani evolved as a highly susceptible variety in terms of B. tabaci (24.83 ± 6.79 adults/3leaves; mean ± SE; N = 10) as well as YVMD i.e., PDI (38.00 ± 4.95 infected plants/50plants), DSI (71.6-96.4% at 30 DAS) and AUDPC (mean β-value = 0.76; R2 = 0.96) while early sown Parbhani Kranti least susceptible to both. However, the variety ArkaAnamika was observed as moderately susceptible to B. tabaci and its resultant disease. Moreover, environmental factors were predominantly responsible for regulating the population of insect pests in the field and hence its productivity like rainfall and relative humidity were negative while the temperature was positively correlated with B. tabaci (incidence) and YVMD (AUDPC). The findings are helpful for the farmers to choose need-based IPM strategies than timing-based, which would fit perfectly with the present agro-ecosystems in all ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radheshyam Ramakrishna Dhole
- Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, I. Ag. Sc., BHU, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Entomology, Narayan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Gopal Narayan Singh University, Jamuhar, Sasaram, 821 305, Bihar, India
| | - Rajendra Nath Singh
- Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, I. Ag. Sc., BHU, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendran Dhanapal
- Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, I. Ag. Sc., BHU, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Entomology, Adhiparasakthi Horticultural College, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Ranipet, 632 506, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saurav Singla
- Department of Statistics, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Govindaraju Ramkumar
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru, 560 089, Karnataka, India
| | - Ranganathan Muthuusamy
- PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Adhiyamaan Educational Research Institute, Hosur, 635 130, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saleh H Salmen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mathiyazhagan Narayanan
- Division of Research and Innovations, Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Indira Karuppusamy
- Research Center for Strategic Materials, Corrosion Resistant Steel Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan.
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22
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Martin R. Symptoms of dry eye related to the relative humidity of living places. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2023; 46:101865. [PMID: 37208284 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2023.101865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the impact of relative humidity (RH) and climate variables of the place of residence on symptoms of dry eye disease (DED) in primary eye care practice. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) dry eye classification of 1.033 patients [classified as non-DED (OSDI ≤22) and DED (OSDI >22)] was conducted in a multicentre study in Spain. Participants were classified according to the 5-year RH value (data from the Spanish Climate Agency -www.aemet.es) into two groups: those who lived in low RH (<70%) places and those who lived in high RH (≥70%) places. Additionally, differences in daily climate records (EU Copernicus Climate Change Service) were assessed. RESULTS The prevalence of DED symptoms was 15.5% (95% CI 13.2%-17.6%). Participants who lived in places with <70% RH showed a higher prevalence of DED (17.7%; 95% CI 14.5%-21.1%; P < 0.01 adjusted for age and sex) than those who lived in places with ≥70% RH (13.6%; 95% CI 11.1%-16.7%) and a closer, but not statistically significant, risk for DED (OR = 1.34, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.89; P = 0.09) than previously described DED risk factors [age older than 50 years (OR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.16; P = 0.02) and female sex (OR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.36 to 2.90; P < 0.01)]. Some climate data showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between participants with DED and non-DED (mean wind gusts; atmospheric pressure; mean and minimum relative humidity); these variables did not significantly increase DED risk (OR close to 1.0 and P > 0.05). CONCLUSION This study is the first to describe the impact of climate data on dryness symptomatology in Spain, confirming that participants who live in locations with RH <70% have a higher prevalence (corrected for age and sex) of DED. These findings support the use of climate databases in DED research.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Martin
- Universidad de Valladolid, Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Paseo de Belén, 17 - Campus Miguel Delibes, Valladolid 47011, España; Universidad de Valladolid, Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, Paseo de Belén, 7 - Campus Miguel Delibes, Valladolid 47011, España; Optometry Research Group, IOBA Eye Institute, School of Optometry, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
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23
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Tan C, Li S, Li Y, Peng Z. Dynamic modeling and data fitting of climatic and environmental factors and people's behavior factors on hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Shanghai, China. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18212. [PMID: 37576260 PMCID: PMC10412780 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) appear to be a multi-wave outbreak with unknown mechanisms. We investigate the effects of climatic and environmental factors and changes in people's behavior factors that may be caused by external factors: temperature, relative humidity, and school opening and closing. Methods Distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) and dynamic model are used to research multi-wave outbreaks of HFMD. Climatic and environmental factors impact on transmission rate β ( t ) is modeled through DLNM and then substituted into this relationship to establish the dynamic model with reported case data to test for validity. Results Relative risk (RR) of HFMD infection increases with increasing temperature. The RR of infection first increases and then decreases with the increase of relative humidity. For the model fitting HFMD dynamic, time average basic reproduction number [ R 0 ] of Stage I (without vaccine) and Stage II (with EV71 vaccine) are 1.9362 and 1.5478, respectively. Temperature has the highest explanatory power, followed by school opening and closing, and relative humidity. Conclusion We obtain three conclusions about the prevention and control of HFMD. 1) According to the temperature, relative humidity and school start time, the outbreak peak of HFMD should be warned and targeted prevention and control measures should be taken. 2) Reduce high indoor temperature when more than 31.5 oC, and increase low relative humidity when less than 77.5% by opening the window for ventilation, adding houseplants, using air conditioners and humidifiers, reducing the incidence of HFMD and the number of infections. 3) The risk of HFMD transmission during winter vacations is higher than during summer vacations. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity of HFMD prevention knowledge before winter vacations and strengthen the disinfection control measures during winter vacations in children's hospitals, school classrooms, and other places where children gather to reduce the frequency of staff turnover during winter vacations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlei Tan
- School of Information and Mathematics, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, PR China
- Information Engineering College, Hunan Applied Technology University, Changde, 415100, Hunan, PR China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Mathematics and Information Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, PR China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Information and Mathematics, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhihang Peng
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, PR China
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24
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Wang Y, Gong G, Shi X, Huang Y, Deng X. Investigation of the effects of temperature and relative humidity on the propagation of COVID-19 in different climatic zones. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28237-x. [PMID: 37341939 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of temperature and relative humidity on the propagation of COVID-19 for indoor heating, ventilation, and air conditioning design and policy development in different climate zones. We proposed a cumulative lag model with two specific parameters of specific average temperature and specific relative humidity to evaluate the impact of temperature and relative humidity on COVID-19 transmission by calculating the relative risk of cumulative effect and the relative risk of lag effect. We considered the temperature and relative humidity corresponding to the relative risk of cumulative effect or the relative risk of lag effect equal to 1 as the thresholds of outbreak. In this paper, we took the overall relative risk of cumulative effect equal to 1 as the thresholds. Data on daily new confirmed cases of COVID-19 since January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021, for three sites in each of four climate zones similar to cold, mild, hot summer and cold winter, and hot summer and warm winter were selected for this study. Temperature and relative humidity had a lagged effect on COVID-19 transmission, with peaking the relative risk of lag effect at a lag of 3-7 days for most regions. All regions had different parameters areas with the relative risk of cumulative effect greater than 1. The overall relative risk of cumulative effect was greater than 1 in all regions when specific relative humidity was higher than 0.4, and when specific average temperature was higher than 0.42. In areas similar to hot summer and cold winter, temperature and the overall relative risk of cumulative effect were highly monotonically positively correlated. In areas similar to hot summer and warm winter, there was a monotonically positive correlation between relative humidity and the overall relative risk of cumulative effect. This study provides targeted recommendations for indoor air and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system control strategies and outbreak prevention strategies to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission. In addition, countries should combine vaccination and non-pharmaceutical control measures, and strict containment policies are beneficial to control another pandemic of COVID-19 and similar viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- College of Civil Engineering of Hunan University (HNU), Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangcai Gong
- College of Civil Engineering of Hunan University (HNU), Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xing Shi
- College of Civil Engineering of Hunan University (HNU), Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Huang
- College of Civil Engineering of Hunan University (HNU), Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorui Deng
- College of Civil Engineering of Hunan University (HNU), Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
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25
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Miki K. Dynamics of pollen-generating environment producing impact on society based on the relative humidity of the previous year and flowering synchrony. Sci Total Environ 2023:164745. [PMID: 37295527 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An area with the potential of producing high concentrations of airborne pollen is defined as the 'potential pollinosis area'. However, the detailed dynamics of pollen dispersion are not fully understood. Further, studies on the detailed dynamics of the pollen-generating environment are limited. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the dynamics of potential pollinosis areas and annual meteorological factors with high spatiotemporal resolution. We visualised and analysed the dynamics of the potential polliosis area based on 11-year high-spatial-density observation data for the atmospheric concentrations of Cryptomeria japonica pollen. The results showed that the potential pollinosis area headed northeast with repeated expansion and contraction, while the centre of the potential pollinosis area leaped to the north in mid-March. The deviation in the fluctuation of the coordinates for the potential pollinosis area before the northward leap was strongly related to the deviation in the relative humidity of the previous year. These results indicated that the pollen grains of C. japonica across Japan are distributed based on the meteorological conditions of the previous year until mid-March, after which, the pollen grains are distributed through flowering synchrony. Our results suggest that daily nationwide flowering synchrony has a significant annual impact, and changes in relative humidity caused by, for example, global warming would affect the occurrence and predictability of seasonal changes in the pollen dispersion dynamics of C. japonica and other pollen-producing species. Our study showed that pollen production by C. japonica through flowering synchrony is a major cause of nationwide pollinosis and other allergy-related health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Miki
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Nakaadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8306, Japan; Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Chiba 270-1166, Japan.
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26
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Tran TY, Verma S, Younis SA, Kim KH. Zinc-doped titanium oxynitride as a high-performance adsorbent for formaldehyde in air. J Hazard Mater 2023; 451:131203. [PMID: 36958182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The potential utility of titanium oxynitride doped with 5% zinc (ZnTON) has been investigated as an adsorbent for the treatment of gaseous formaldehyde (FA) using a fixed-bed adsorption system. The adsorption capacity of ZnTON, when estimated at 10%/100% breakthrough (BT) levels from a dry feed gas consisting of 10 Pa FA, was far superior to two reference materials (i.e., commercial P25-TiO2 and activated carbon (AC)) by factors of 1.7/1.3 and 10/2.5, respectively. The adsorption capacity of ZnTON increased with the increase in the initial feeding concentration of FA (5-12.5 Pa), while decreasing with the rising temperature (25-100 oC). An increase in moisture level (0-100% relative humidity) also led to 5.4- and 2.5-fold reductions in adsorption capacity of ZnTON at 10% and 100% BT levels, respectively. Thermodynamically, the adsorption of FA onto ZnTON is an exothermic (ΔHo = - 9.69 kJ.mol-1) to be feasible in nature based on physisorption mechanism. Further, the adsorption of FA onto ZnTON was governed by surface interactions and monolayer surface coverage (Van der Waal's force/electrostatic attraction), as it obeyed the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Regeneration tests indicated a positive effect of moisture on FA desorption and durability of ZnTON (i.e., over three adsorption-desorption cycles). This study offers valuable mechanistic insights into the synthesis of an advanced adsorbent for the efficient removal of hazardous volatile organic compounds under near-ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Yen Tran
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Swati Verma
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sherif A Younis
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, 04763, Republic of Korea; Analysis and Evaluation Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, 11727 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Ramakrishnan J, Salame L, Ananth Mani K, Feldbaum R, Karavani E, Mechrez G, Glazer I, Ment D. Increasing the Survival and Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes on Exposed Surfaces by Pickering Emulsion Formulations Offers New Venue for Foliar Pest Management. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 199:107938. [PMID: 37268287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Formulation technology has been the primordial focus to improve the low viability and erratic infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) for foliar application. Adaptability to the fluctuating environment is a key trait in ensuring the survival and efficacy of EPNs. Hence, tailoring formulations towards EPNs foliar applications would effectively deliver consistent and reliable results for above-ground applications. EPNs survival and activity were characterized in novel Pickering emulsion post-application in planta cotton foliage. Two different types of novel formulations, Titanium Pickering emulsion (TPE) and Silica Pickering emulsion Gel (SPEG), were tailored for EPNs foliar applications. We report an extension of survival and infectivity to 96 hrs under controlled conditions by SPEG formulations for survival of IJ's on cotton foliage. In addition, survival of IJs (LT50) was extended from 14hrs in water to >80 hrs and >40 hrs by SPEG and TPE respectively. SPEG accounted for the slowest decrease of live IJs per surface area in comparison to TPE and control samples over time, exhibiting a 6-fold increase at 48 hrs. Under extreme conditions, survival and efficacy were extended for 8hrs in SPEG compared to merely 2hrs in control. Potential implications and possible mechanisms of protection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayashree Ramakrishnan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; Department of Agroecology and Plant Health, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Liora Salame
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Karthik Ananth Mani
- Department of Food Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Reut Feldbaum
- Department of Food Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Eldad Karavani
- Department of Vegetable Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Guy Mechrez
- Department of Food Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Itamar Glazer
- Department of Entomology, Nematology and Chemistry Units, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Dana Ment
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
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28
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Azam S, Liu S, Bhattacharyya S, Liu A. Measurement and modeling of water vapor sorption on nano-sized coal particulates and its implication on its transport and deposition in the environment. Sci Total Environ 2023; 889:164095. [PMID: 37207766 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
One major cyclical environmental parameter within the underground mine space is the fluctuation of relative humidity, which varies daily and seasonally. Therefore, moisture and dust particle interactions are inevitable and indirectly control dust transport and fate. After being released into the environment, the coal dust particles stay there for a long period depending upon several parameters such as particle size, specific gravity, ventilation etc. Due to their smaller size, nano-sized coal dust particles could remain in the mine environment indefinitely while interacting with it. Correspondingly the primary characteristic of nano-sized coal dust particles could get modified. The nano-sized coal dust samples were prepared in the lab and characterized using different techniques. The prepared samples were allowed to interact with moisture using the dynamic vapor sorption technique. It was found that the lignite coal dust particles could adsorb up to 10 times more water vapor than the bituminous coal dusts. Oxygen content is one of the primary factors in deciding the total effective moisture adsorption in the nano-sized coal dust, with moisture adsorption proportional to the oxygen content of the coal. This means that lignite coal dust is more hygroscopic when compared to bituminous coal dust. GAB and Freundlich's models perform well for water uptake modeling. Because of interaction with atmospheric moisture, particularly swelling, adsorption, moisture retention, and particle size changes, such interactions will significantly change the physical characteristics of nano-sized coal dust. This will affect the transport and deposition behavior of coal dust in the mine atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikandar Azam
- Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, G(3) Center and Energy Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Shimin Liu
- Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, G(3) Center and Energy Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Sekhar Bhattacharyya
- Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, G(3) Center and Energy Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ang Liu
- Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, G(3) Center and Energy Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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29
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Kim S, Jo JS, Luk V, Kim SK, Kim DS. Estimating the impact of environmental management on strawberry yield using publicly available agricultural data in South Korea. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15390. [PMID: 37193021 PMCID: PMC10183158 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced information and communication technologies (ICTs) have made data collection more efficient for agricultural studies. Using publicly available database in South Korea, we estimated the relationship between the management of air temperature and relative humidity and the strawberry yield during two harvest seasons. Longitudinal data of multiple greenhouses were merged and processed, and mixed-effects models were applied to account both observed and unobserved factors across the greenhouses. The averages of air temperature and relative humidity inside each greenhouse do not take volatility of the time-varying variables into consideration, so we assessed the management of each greenhouse by the percent of time that air temperature between 15 °C and 20 °C (denoted as T%) and the percent of time that relative humidity between 0% and 50% (denoted by H%). The statistical models estimated that the strawberry yield decreases with respect to the number of days since harvest began and the rate of decrease is slower when T% and H% are higher. This study used large-scale multilocation data to provide the practical suggestion that air temperature and relative humidity should be maintained within the optimal ranges to mitigate the loss of strawberry yield especially at the later phase of a harvest season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Kim
- Mathematics and Statistics, California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, United States
| | - Jung Su Jo
- Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Vicky Luk
- Mathematics and Statistics, California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, United States
- Applied Environmental Science, California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, United States
| | - Sung Kyeom Kim
- Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Dong Sub Kim
- Horticulture, Kongju National University, Yesan, South Korea
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Jiang X, Ma Y, Lv Q, Liu Y, Zhang T, Yin F, Shui T. Influence of social and meteorological factors on hand, foot, and mouth disease in Sichuan Province. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:849. [PMID: 37165358 PMCID: PMC10170695 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by a variety of enteroviruses remains a major public health problem in China. Previous studies have found that social factors may contribute to the inconsistency of the relationship patterns between meteorological factors and HFMD, but the conclusions are inconsistent. The influence of social factors on the association between meteorology and HFMD is still less well understood. We aimed to analyze whether social factors affected the effect of meteorological factors on HFMD in Sichuan Province. METHOD We collected daily data on HFMD, meteorological factors and social factors in Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2017. First, we used a Bayesian spatiotemporal model combined with a distributed lag nonlinear model to evaluate the exposure-lag-response association between meteorological factors and HFMD. Second, by constructing the interaction of meteorological factors and social factors in the above model, the changes in the relative risk (RR) under different levels of social factors were evaluated. RESULTS The cumulative exposure curves for average temperature, relative humidity, and HFMD were shaped like an inverted "V" and a "U" shape. As the average temperature increased, the RR increased and peaked at 19 °C (RR 1.020 [95% confidence interval CI 1.004-1.050]). The urbanization rate, per capita gross domestic product (GDP), population density, birth rate, number of beds in health care centers and number of kindergartens interacted with relative humidity. With the increase in social factors, the correlation curve between relative humidity and HFMD changed from an "S" shape to a "U" shape. CONCLUSIONS Relative humidity and average temperature increased the risk of HFMD within a certain range, and social factors enhanced the impact of high relative humidity. These results could provide insights into the combined role of environmental factors in HFMD and useful information for regional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Ma
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Lv
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaqiong Liu
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Yin
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Tiejun Shui
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Wang Y, Lyu Y, Tong S, Ding C, Wei L, Zhai M, Xu K, Hao R, Wang X, Li N, Luo Y, Li Y, Wang J. Association between meteorological factors and COVID-19 transmission in low- and middle-income countries: A time-stratified case-crossover study. Environ Res 2023; 231:116088. [PMID: 37169140 PMCID: PMC10166718 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is limited regarding the association between meteorological factors and COVID-19 transmission in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). OBJECTIVE To investigate the independent and interactive effects of temperature, relative humidity (RH), and ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the spread of COVID-19 in LMICs. METHODS We collected daily data on COVID-19 confirmed cases, meteorological factors and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in 2143 city- and district-level sites from 6 LMICs during 2020. We applied a time-stratified case-crossover design with distributed lag nonlinear model to evaluate the independent and interactive effects of meteorological factors on COVID-19 transmission after controlling NPIs. We generated an overall estimate through pooling site-specific relative risks (RR) using a multivariate meta-regression model. RESULTS There was a positive, non-linear, association between temperature and COVID-19 confirmed cases in all study sites, while RH and UV showed negative non-linear associations. RR of the 90th percentile temperature (28.1 °C) was 1.14 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 1.28] compared with the 50th percentile temperature (24.4 °C). RR of the10th percentile UV was 1.41 (95% CI: 1.29, 1.54). High temperature and high RH were associated with increased risks in temperate climate but decreased risks in tropical climate, while UV exhibited a consistent, negative association across climate zones. Temperature, RH, and UV interacted to affect COVID-19 transmission. Temperature and RH also showed higher risks in low NPIs sites. CONCLUSION Temperature, RH, and UV appeared to independently and interactively affect the transmission of COVID-19 in LMICs but such associations varied with climate zones. Our results suggest that more attention should be paid to meteorological variation when the transmission of COVID-19 is still rampant in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yiran Lyu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shilu Tong
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China; Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China; School of Public Health, Institute of Environment and Population Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000, Australia
| | - Cheng Ding
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lan Wei
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Mengying Zhai
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Kaiqiang Xu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China; School of Public Health, Hebei University, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Ruiting Hao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Na Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yueyun Luo
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Zhu H, Chen S, Liang R, Feng Y, Joldosh A, Xie Z, Chen G, Li L, Chen K, Fang Y, Ou J. Study of the influence of meteorological factors on HFMD and prediction based on the LSTM algorithm in Fuzhou, China. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:299. [PMID: 37147566 PMCID: PMC10161995 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study adopted complete meteorological indicators, including eight items, to explore their impact on hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Fuzhou, and predict the incidence of HFMD through the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network algorithm of artificial intelligence. METHOD A distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was used to analyse the influence of meteorological factors on HFMD in Fuzhou from 2010 to 2021. Then, the numbers of HFMD cases in 2019, 2020 and 2021 were predicted using the LSTM model through multifactor single-step and multistep rolling methods. The root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and symmetric mean absolute percentage error (SMAPE) were used to evaluate the accuracy of the model predictions. RESULTS Overall, the effect of daily precipitation on HFMD was not significant. Low (4 hPa) and high (≥ 21 hPa) daily air pressure difference (PRSD) and low (< 7 °C) and high (> 12 °C) daily air temperature difference (TEMD) were risk factors for HFMD. The RMSE, MAE, MAPE and SMAPE of using the weekly multifactor data to predict the cases of HFMD on the following day, from 2019 to 2021, were lower than those of using the daily multifactor data to predict the cases of HFMD on the following day. In particular, the RMSE, MAE, MAPE and SMAPE of using weekly multifactor data to predict the following week's daily average cases of HFMD were much lower, and similar results were also found in urban and rural areas, which indicating that this approach was more accurate. CONCLUSION This study's LSTM models combined with meteorological factors (excluding PRE) can be used to accurately predict HFMD in Fuzhou, especially the method of predicting the daily average cases of HFMD in the following week using weekly multifactor data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansong Zhu
- Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, The Practice Base On the School of Public Health Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350012, China
| | - Si Chen
- Fujian Climate Center, Fuzhou, 350028, Fujian, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Aynur Joldosh
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Zhonghang Xie
- Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, The Practice Base On the School of Public Health Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350012, China
| | - Guangmin Chen
- Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, The Practice Base On the School of Public Health Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350012, China
| | - Lingfang Li
- Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, The Practice Base On the School of Public Health Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350012, China
| | - Kaizhi Chen
- College of Computer and Data Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fujian Children's Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
| | - Jianming Ou
- Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, The Practice Base On the School of Public Health Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350012, China.
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Katona RM, Knight AW, Maguire M, Bryan CR, Schaller RF. Considerations for realistic atmospheric environments: An application to corrosion testing. Sci Total Environ 2023; 885:163751. [PMID: 37146821 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Measured salt compositions in dust collected over roughly the last decade from surfaces of in-service stainless-steel alloys at four locations around the United States are presented, along with the predicted brine compositions that would result from deliquescence of these salts. The salt compositions vary greatly from ASTM seawater and from laboratory salts (i.e., NaCl or MgCl2) commonly used on corrosion testing. The salts contained relatively high amounts of sulfates and nitrates, evolved to basic pH values, and exhibited deliquescence relative humidity values (RH) higher than seawater. Additionally, inert dust components were quantified and considerations for laboratory testing with inert dust are presented. The observed environments are discussed in terms of the potential corrosion behavior and are compared to commonly used accelerated testing protocols. Finally, ambient weather conditions and their influence on diurnal fluctuations in temperature (T) and RH on heated metal surfaces are evaluated and a relevant diurnal cycle for laboratory testing a heated surface has been developed. Suggestions for future accelerated tests are proposed that include exploration of the effects of inert dust particles on atmospheric corrosion, chemistry considerations, and realistic diurnal fluctuations in T and RH. Understanding mechanisms in both realistic and accelerated environments will allow development of a corrosion factor (i.e., scaling factor) for the extrapolation of laboratory-scale test results to real world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Katona
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA.
| | - A W Knight
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
| | - M Maguire
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA; New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
| | - C R Bryan
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
| | - R F Schaller
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
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Ali U, Faisal M, Ganguly D, Kumar M, Singh V. Analysis of aerosol liquid water content and its role in visibility reduction in Delhi. Sci Total Environ 2023; 867:161484. [PMID: 36639001 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aerosols undergo significant changes due to water uptake under high RH conditions, leading to changes in physical, optical, and chemical properties. Detailed assessment and investigation are needed to understand better aerosol liquid water content (ALWC) characteristics in highly polluted regions like Delhi. Therefore, in this study, we examined the mass concentration and the factors governing the ALWC associated with PM2.5 in Delhi for two winters (Dec 2019 to Jan 2020 and Dec 2020 to Feb 2021) using the real-time measurements of NR-PM2.5 from Aerodyne aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) and the application of thermodynamic modeling (ISORROPIA II). The average NR-PM2.5 mass concentration in the 2020-2021 winter was 152 μg/m3, about 50 % higher than the average mass concentration of 102 μg/m3 in 2019-2020. Consequently, the ALWC was also 60 % higher during 2020-2021, with an average mass concentration of 150 μg/m3. ALWC increased exponentially with RH and is significant when RH > 80 %. Further, all the inorganic components of NR-PM2.5 were found to contribute significantly to ALWC uptake; however, the relative contribution varied in different RH conditions. Ammonium sulphate dominated the ALWC uptake among the inorganic components at low RH, but ammonium nitrate was the dominant contributor at high RH. The decreased chloride mass fraction in inorganics in the recent winters reduced its relative contribution to ALWC. High ALWC mass concentration during high PM2.5 and high RH leads to a significant reduction in visibility. We further validated this visibility reduction by estimating the enhanced light scattering coefficient (f(RH)) and found that the hygroscopic growth is responsible for the enhanced visibility reduction during high RH conditions (> 85 %) when light scattering efficiency increased by a factor of >3.5. Sensitivity tests of f(RH) on mass concentration of inorganic salts showed that all the salts contributed almost equally. As revealed in our study, variations in PM2.5 mass concentration and composition despite similar meteorological conditions between different winters indicate changing regional aerosol emissions. Therefore, long-term observations of ALWC and PM2.5 chemical composition are required to arrive at actionable measures and mitigation strategies. Further, the focus should be on reducing the overall inorganic mass concentrations of PM2.5 in general, decreasing the absolute ALWC, and improving visibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Ali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Mohd Faisal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Dilip Ganguly
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Mayank Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
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Driever SM, Mossink L, Ocaña DN, Kaiser E. A simple system for phenotyping of plant transpiration and stomatal conductance response to drought. Plant Sci 2023; 329:111626. [PMID: 36738936 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant breeding for increased crop water use efficiency or drought stress resistance requires methods to quickly assess the transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (gs) of a large number of individual plants. Several methods to measure E and gs exist, each of which has its own advantages and shortcomings. To add to this toolbox, we developed a method that uses whole-plant thermal imaging in a controlled environment, where aerial humidity is changed rapidly to induce changes in E that are reflected in changes in leaf temperature. This approach is based on a simplified energy balance equation, without the need for a reference material or complicated calculations. To test this concept, we built a double-sided, perforated, open-top plexiglass chamber that was supplied with air at a high flow rate (35 L min-1) and whose relative humidity (RH) could be switched rapidly. Measurements included air and leaf temperature as well as RH. Using several well-watered and drought stressed genotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana that were exposed to multiple cycles in RH (30-50 % and back), we showed that leaf temperature as measured in our system correlated well with E and gs measured in a commercial gas exchange system. Our results demonstrate that, at least within a given species, the differences in leaf temperature under several RH can be used as a proxy for E and gs. Given that this method is fairly quick, noninvasive and remote, we envision that it could be upscaled for work within rapid plant phenotyping systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Driever
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Leon Mossink
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Diego Nuñez Ocaña
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Elias Kaiser
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Cai X, Zhao J, Deng H, Xiao J, Liu T, Zeng W, Li X, Hu J, Huang C, Zhu G, Ma W. Effects of temperature, relative humidity, and illumination on the entomological parameters of Aedes albopictus: an experimental study. Int J Biometeorol 2023; 67:687-694. [PMID: 36884085 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) is a mosquito from Asia that can transmit a variety of diseases. This paper aimed to explore the effects of temperature, relative humidity, and illumination on the entomological parameters related to the population growth of Aedes albopictus, and provide specific parameters for developing dynamic models of mosquito-borne infectious disease. We used artificial simulation lab experiments, and set 27 different meteorological conditions to observe and record mosquito's hatching time, emergence time, longevity of adult females, and oviposition amount. We then applied generalized additive model (GAM) and polynomial regression to formulate the effects of temperature, relative humidity, and illumination on the biological characteristics of Aedes albopictus. Our results showed that hatchability closely related to temperature and illumination. The immature stage and the survival time of adult female mosquitoes were associated with temperature and relative humidity. The oviposition rate related to temperature, relative humidity, and illumination. Under the control of relative humidity and illumination, ecological characteristics of mosquitoes such as hatching rate, transition rate, longevity, and oviposition rate had an inverted J shape with temperature, and the thresholds were 31.2 °C, 32.1 °C, 17.7 °C, and 25.7 °C, respectively. The parameter expressions of Aedes albopictus using meteorological factors as predictors under different stages were established. Meteorological factors especially temperature significantly influence the development of Aedes albopictus under different physiological stages. The established formulas of ecological parameters can provide important information for modeling mosquito-borne infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
- School of Mathematics and Computing Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, No. 1, Jinji Road, Qixing District, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 West Huangpu Road, Tianhe District, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Weilin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Xing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Jianxiong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guanghu Zhu
- School of Mathematics and Computing Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, No. 1, Jinji Road, Qixing District, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 West Huangpu Road, Tianhe District, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Guo J, Zhang L, Guo R. Relative humidity prediction with covariates and error correction based on SARIMA-EG-ECM model. Model Earth Syst Environ 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37361700 PMCID: PMC10013300 DOI: 10.1007/s40808-023-01738-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
RH is a physical quantity measuring atmospheric water vapor content. Predicting RH is of great importance in weather, climate, industrial production, crops, human health, and disease transmission, since it is helpful in making critical decisions. In this paper, the effects of covariates and error correction on relative humidity (RH) prediction have been studied, and a hybrid model based on seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model, cointegration (EG), and error correction model (ECM) named SARIMA-EG-ECM (SEE) has been proposed. The prediction model was performed in the meteorological observations of Hailun Agricultural Ecology Experimental Station, China. Based on the SARIMA model, the meteorological variables that interact with RH were used as covariates to perform EG tests. A cointegration model has been constructed. It revealed that RH had a cointegration relationship with air temperature (TEMP), dew point temperature (DEWP), precipitation (PRCP), atmospheric pressure (ATMO), sea-level pressure (SLP), and 40 cm soil temperature (40ST), which revealed the long-term equilibrium relationship between series. An ECM was established which indicated that the current fluctuations of DEWP, ATMO, and SLP have a significant impact on the current fluctuations of RH. The established ECM describes the short-term fluctuation relationship between the series. With the increase of the forecast horizon from 6 to 12 months, the prediction performance of the SEE model decreased slightly. A comparative study has also been introduced, indicating that the SEE performs superior to SARIMA and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Guo
- College of Science, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Science, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Ruqiang Guo
- College of Science, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
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Belkessa N, Serhane Y, Bouzaza A, Khezami L, Assadi AA. Gaseous ethylbenzene removal by photocatalytic TiO 2 nanoparticles immobilized on glass fiber tissue under real conditions: evaluation of reactive oxygen species contribution to the photocatalytic process. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:35745-35756. [PMID: 36538222 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) using a TiO2 catalyst is an effective technique to remove gaseous volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Herein, a lab-scale continuous reactor is used to investigate the photocatalytic performance toward ethylbenzene (EB) vapor removal over TiO2 nanoparticles immobilized on glass fiber tissue. The role of the reactive species in the removal of EB and the degradation pathway were studied. Firstly, the effect of key operating parameters such as EB concentration (13, 26, 60 mg/m3), relative humidity levels (From 5 to 80%), gas carrier composition (dry air + EB, O2 + EB and N2 + EB) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation wavelength (UV-A 365 nm, UV-C 254 nm) were explored. Then, using superoxide dismutase and tert-butanol as trapping agents, the real contribution of superoxide radical anion (O2.-) and hydroxyl radicals (OH.) to EB removal was quantified. The results show that (i) small water vapor content enhances the EB degradation; (ii) the reaction atmosphere plays an important role in the photocatalytic process; and (iii) oxygen atmosphere/UV-C radiation shows the highest EB degradation percentage. The use of radical scavengers confirms the major contribution of the hydroxyl radical to the photocatalytic mechanism with 75% versus 25% for superoxide radical anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nacer Belkessa
- Univ Rennes, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut Des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Youcef Serhane
- Univ Rennes, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut Des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Abdelkrim Bouzaza
- Univ Rennes, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut Des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Lotfi Khezami
- Department of Chemistry, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O. Box 5701, Riyadh, 11432, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aymen Amin Assadi
- Univ Rennes, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut Des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France.
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Patel NG, Banella S, Serajuddin ATM. Moisture sorption by polymeric excipients commonly used in amorphous solid dispersions and its effect on glass transition temperature: III. Methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate and related copolymers (Eudragit®). Int J Pharm 2023; 636:122745. [PMID: 36822340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Moisture sorption by polymeric carriers used in amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) plays a critical role in the physical stability of the dispersed drug as it can increase molecular mobility of drug in ASD by decreasing the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the drug-polymer system, leading to drug crystallization. The present report describes Part III of a systematic investigation of moisture sorption by different polymers used in ASDs, where the results for four chemically different methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate and related copolymers, namely, Eudragit® EPO, Eudragit® L100-55, Eudragit® L100, and Eudragit® S100, as the function of relative humidity (RH) are presented. Effects of moisture sorption on Tg of the polymers were also determined. Among the polymers, Eudragit® EPO is the least hygroscopic, having absorbed, for example, 1.3% w/w moisture at 25 °C/60% RH, while the three other polymers absorbed 4.7-7.5% w/w moisture at the same condition. The moisture sorption was relatively lower at 40 °C than that at 25 °C. The apparent Tg of polymers decreased with the increase in moisture content; however, Tg values remained higher than the usual storage temperature of ASD (25 °C) even at high RH, indicating that the effect of moisture sorption on the physical stability of ASD could be minimal when these polymers are used in ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirali G Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Sabrina Banella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Abu T M Serajuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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Gao X, Xie L. A scheme to detect the intensity of dusty weather by applying microwave radars and lidar. Sci Total Environ 2023; 859:160248. [PMID: 36403835 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Detection of the intensity of dusty weather is critical for weather forecasting. In this paper, the effective detection ranges of microwave radars and lidar in dusty weather of different intensities were theoretically calculated, which are validated by the microwave radar and lidar detection data in real dusty weather. Further, the excess charges carried by suspended dust and relative humidity can significantly enhance the echo power but have little effect on the effective detection ranges in dusty weather. Based on the effective detection ranges of microwave radars and lidar, a scheme of combined microwave radars and lidar to detect the intensity of dusty weather is proposed, that is to detect the severe dust storm by using the longer wavelength radar, while to detect the blowing dust/floating dust by using lidar. It will be a cost-saving way by using the existing meteorological radars to establish the detection scheme, which will make the precaution against disastrous weather promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebang Gao
- College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environments in Western China, Attached to Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Li Xie
- College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environments in Western China, Attached to Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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41
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Peng FL, Qiao YK, Yang C. A LSTM-RNN based intelligent control approach for temperature and humidity environment of urban utility tunnels. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13182. [PMID: 36798772 PMCID: PMC9925953 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature and relative humidity are important indicators of utility tunnel indoor atmosphere hazards and operational risks, which can be effectively mitigated by accurate forecasting and corrective control measures. To this end, this paper proposed a multi-layer long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network (RNN) architecture to forecast the changing trend of temperature and relative humidity inside utility tunnels with distant past monitoring data. Based on the forecasting architecture, an intelligent control approach was designed, including early warning and ventilation control measures. Case study results showed that the proposed architecture fit the training dataset well and the prediction accuracy on testing datasets of temperature and relative humidity exceeded 98% and 99%, respectively. Meanwhile, the proposed LSTM-RNN architecture can also be used to simulate and evaluate the ventilation effects on the temperature and relative humidity environment of urban utility tunnels. Findings of this paper provide a reference for the safe, efficient and energy-saving indoor environment control of urban utility tunnels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Le Peng
- Research Center for Underground Space & Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yong-Kang Qiao
- Research Center for Underground Space & Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Chao Yang
- Research Center for Underground Space & Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
- Roads & Bridges Branch, China MCC5 Group Corp. Ltd., Chengdu 610066, PR China
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Birinci E, Deniz A, Özdemir ET. The relationship between PM 10 and meteorological variables in the mega city Istanbul. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:304. [PMID: 36648588 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PM10, one of the air pollutants, occurs regularly in İstanbul during the winter months, namely in December, January, and February. PM10 pollutant is affected by numerous factors. Among these factors are various meteorological variables and climatological factors. This article aims to determine the relationship between PM10 and meteorological variables (wind speed, wind direction, temperature, and relative humidity) and to interpret these results. PM10 and meteorological data were examined between 2011 and 2018. To determine the relationship, multiple linear regression, Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCC), Spearman's rank correlation, Kendall Tau correlation, autocorrelation function (ACF), cross-correlation function (CCF), and visuals were determined using the R program (open-air) packages. In the study, the relationship between wind, temperature, and relative humidity with PM10 was determined, and it was observed that the PM10 concentration was maximum between January and February. PM10 concentrations have a positive relationship with relative humidity and wind direction, while a negative relationship with wind speed and temperature was observed. The correlation values for relative humidity and temperature were found to be 0.01 and - 0.15, respectively. Furthermore, the relationship between wind speed and PM10 was calculated from multiple linear regression model, and the estimated value was - 0.12 while looking at the wind direction value, it was approximately 0.03.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enes Birinci
- Department of Meteorological Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ali Deniz
- Department of Meteorological Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emrah Tuncay Özdemir
- Department of Meteorological Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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Bose A, Roy Chowdhury I. Investigating the association between air pollutants' concentration and meteorological parameters in a rapidly growing urban center of West Bengal, India: a statistical modeling-based approach. Model Earth Syst Environ 2023;:1-16. [PMID: 36624780 DOI: 10.1007/s40808-022-01670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ambient air quality in a city is heavily influenced by meteorological conditions. The city of Siliguri, known as the "Gateway of Northeast India", is a major hotspot of air pollution in the Indian state of West Bengal. Yet almost no research has been done on the possible impacts of meteorological factors on criterion air pollutants in this rapidly growing urban area. From March 2018 to September 2022, the present study aimed to determine the correlations between meteorological factors, including daily mean temperature (℃), relative humidity (%), rainfall (mm), wind speed (m/s) with the concentration of criterion air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, O3, and NH3). For this research, the trend of all air pollutants over time was also investigated. The Spearman correlation approach was used to correlate the concentration of air pollutants with the effect of meteorological variables on these pollutants. Comparing the multiple linear regression (MLR) and non-linear regression (MLNR) models permitted to examine the potential influence of meteorological factors on concentrations of air pollutants. According to the trend analysis, the concentration of NH3 in the air of Siliguri is rising, while the concentration of other pollutants is declining. Most pollutants showed a negative correlation with meteorological variables; however, the seasons impacted on how they responded. The comparative regression research results showed that although the linear and non-linear models performed well in predicting particulate matter concentrations, they performed poorly in predicting gaseous contaminants. When considering seasonal fluctuations and meteorological parameters, the results of this research will definitely help to increase the accuracy of air pollution forecasting near future.
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Zhai G, Qi J, Zhou W, Wang J. The non-linear and interactive effects of meteorological factors on the transmission of COVID-19: A panel smooth transition regression model for cities across the globe. Int J Disaster Risk Reduct 2023; 84:103478. [PMID: 36505181 PMCID: PMC9721135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic created by COVID-19 has co-existed with humans for some time now, thus resulting in unprecedented disease burden. Previous studies have demonstrated the non-linear and single effects of meteorological factors on viral transmission and have a question of how to exclude the influence of unrelated confounding factors on the relationship. However, the interactions involved in such relationships remain unclear under complex weather conditions. Here, we used a panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model to investigate the non-linear interactive impact of meteorological factors on daily new cases of COVID-19 based on a panel dataset of 58 global cities observed between Jul 1, 2020 and Jan 13, 2022. This new approach offers a possibility of assessing interactive effects of meteorological factors on daily new cases and uses fixed effects to control other unrelated confounding factors in a panel of cities. Our findings revealed that an optimal temperature range (0°C-20 °C) for the spread of COVID-19. The effect of RH (relative humidity) and DTR (diurnal temperature range) on infection became less positive (coefficient: 0.0427 to -0.0142; p < 0.05) and negative (coefficient: -0.0496 to -0.0248; p < 0.05) with increasing average temperature(T). The highest risk of infection occurred when the temperature was -10 °C and RH was >80% or when the temperature was 10 °C and DTR was 1 °C. Our findings highlight useful implications for policymakers and the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Zhai
- School of Economics and Management, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Jintao Qi
- School of Economics and Management, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhou
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Mei Y, Li A, Zhao M, Xu J, Li R, Zhao J, Zhou Q, Ge X, Xu Q. Associations and burdens of relative humidity with cause-specific mortality in three Chinese cities. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:3512-3526. [PMID: 35947256 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between relative humidity (RH) and various cause of mortality, and then quantify the RH-related mortality fraction of low and high RH under the assumption that causal effects exist. Daily cause-specific mortality counts from 2008 to 2011, and contemporaneous meteorological data in three Chinese cities were collected. Distributed lag nonlinear models were adopted to quantify the nonlinear and delayed effects of RH on mortality risk. Low and high RH were defined as RH lower or higher than the minimum mortality risk RH (MMRH), respectively. Corresponding RH-related mortality fractions were calculated in the explanatory analysis. From the three cities, 736,301 deaths were collected. RH (mean ± standard deviation) were 50.9 ± 20.0 for Beijing, 75.5 ± 8.6 for Chengdu, and 70.8 ± 14.6 for Nanjing. We found that low RH in Beijing and high RH (about 80-90%) in Chengdu was associated with increased all-cause mortality risk. Both low and high RH may increase the CVD mortality risk in Beijing. Both low and high (about 80-85%) RH may increase the COPD mortality risk in Chengdu. Low RH (about < 45%) was associated with increased diabetes mortality risk in Nanjing. Effects of extreme low and extreme high RH were delayed in these cities, except that extreme low effects on COPD mortality appeared immediately in Chengdu. The effects of extreme low RH are higher than that of the extreme high RH in Beijing and Nanjing, while contrary in Chengdu. Finally, under the causal effect assumption, 6.80% (95% eCI: 2.90, 10.73) all-cause mortality and 12.48% (95% eCI: 7.17, 16.80) CVD deaths in Beijing, 9.59% (95% eCI: 1.38, 16.88) COPD deaths in Chengdu, and 23.79% (95% eCI: 0.92, 387.93) diabetes mortality in Nanjing were attributable to RH. Our study provided insights into RH-mortality risk, helped draw relative intervention policies, and is also significant for future predictions of climate change effects under different scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayuan Mei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Meiduo Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Runkui Li
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ge
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Qun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
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Fang W, Li Z, Gao J, Meng R, He G, Hou Z, Zhu S, Zhou M, Zhou C, Xiao Y, Yu M, Huang B, Xu X, Lin L, Xiao J, Jin D, Qin M, Yin P, Xu Y, Hu J, Liu T, Huang C, Ma W. The joint and interaction effect of high temperature and humidity on mortality in China. Environ Int 2023; 171:107669. [PMID: 36508749 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many studies have reported the mortality effect of temperature, there were few studies on the mortality risk of humidity, let alone the joint effect of temperature and humidity. This study aimed to investigate the joint and interaction effect of high temperature and relative humidity on mortality in China, which will deepen understanding the health risk of mixture climate exposure. METHODS The mortality and meteorological data were collected from 353 locations in China (2013-2017 in Jilin, Hunan, Guangdong and Yunnan provinces, 2009-2017 in Zhejiang province, and 2006-2011 in other Provinces). We defined location-specific daily mean temperature ≥ 75th percentile of distribution as high temperature, while minimum mortality relative humidity as the threshold of high relative humidity. A time-series model with a distributed lag non-linear model was first employed to estimate the location-specific associations between humid-hot events and mortality, then we conducted meta-analysis to pool the mortality effect of humid-hot events. Finally, an additive interaction model was used to examine the interactive effect between high temperature and relative humidity. RESULTS The excess rate (ER) of non-accidental mortality attributed to dry-hot events was 10.18% (95% confidence interval (CI): 8.93%, 11.45%), which was higher than that of wet-hot events (ER = 3.21%, 95% CI: 0.59%, 5.89%). The attributable fraction (AF) of mortality attributed to dry-hot events was 10.00% (95% CI: 9.50%, 10.72%) with higher burden for females, older people, central China, cardiovascular diseases and urban city. While for wet-hot events, AF was much lower (3.31%, 95% CI: 2.60%, 4.30%). We also found that high temperature and low relative humidity had synergistic additive interaction on mortality risk. CONCLUSION Dry-hot events may have a higher risk of mortality than wet-hot events, and the joint effect of high temperature and low relative humidity may be greater than the sum of their individual effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Fang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhixing Li
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jinghua Gao
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ruilin Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Guanhao He
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhulin Hou
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Sui Zhu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- The National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chunliang Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Yize Xiao
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650034, China
| | - Min Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Biao Huang
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Lifeng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Donghui Jin
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Mingfang Qin
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650034, China
| | - Peng Yin
- The National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yiqing Xu
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Jianxiong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Li Y, Li J, Zhu Z, Zeng W, Zhu Q, Rong Z, Hu J, Li X, He G, Zhao J, Yin L, Quan Y, Zhang Q, Li M, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Liu T, Ma W, Zeng S, Chen Q, Sun L, Xiao J. Exposure-response relationship between temperature, relative humidity, and varicella: a multicity study in South China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:7594-7604. [PMID: 36044136 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22711-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Varicella is a rising public health issue. Several studies have tried to quantify the relationships between meteorological factors and varicella incidence but with inconsistent results. We aim to investigate the impact of temperature and relative humidity on varicella, and to further explore the effect modification of these relationships. In this study, the data of varicella and meteorological factors from 2011 to 2019 in 21 cities of Guangdong Province, China were collected. Distributed lag nonlinear models (DLNM) were constructed to explore the relationship between meteorological factors (temperature and relative humidity) and varicella in each city, controlling in school terms, holidays, seasonality, long-term trends, and day of week. Multivariate meta-analysis was applied to pool the city-specific estimations. And the meta-regression was used to explore the effect modification for the spatial heterogeneity of city-specific meteorological factors and social factors (such as disposable income per capita, vaccination coverage, and so on) on varicella. The results indicated that the relationship between temperature and varicella in 21 cities appeared nonlinear with an inverted S-shaped. The relative risk peaked at 20.8 ℃ (RR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.22, 1.65). The relative humidity-varicella relationship was approximately L-shaped, with a peaking risk at 69.5% relative humidity (RR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.50). The spatial heterogeneity of temperature-varicella relationships may be caused by income or varicella vaccination coverage. And varicella vaccination coverage may contribute to the spatial heterogeneity of the relative humidity-varicella relationship. The findings can help us deepen the understanding of the meteorological factors-varicella association and provide evidence for developing prevention strategy for varicella epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Li
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Jialing Li
- Institute of Immunization Program, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihua Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Weilin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Institute of Immunization Program, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Zuhua Rong
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianxiong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanhao He
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihua Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Quan
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Manman Li
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Siqing Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Chen
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Limei Sun
- Institute of Immunization Program, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China.
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48
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Mao N, Zhang D, Li Y, Li Y, Li J, Zhao L, Wang Q, Cheng Z, Zhang Y, Long E. How do temperature, humidity, and air saturation state affect the COVID-19 transmission risk? Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:3644-3658. [PMID: 35951241 PMCID: PMC9366825 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21766-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental parameters have a significant impact on the spread of respiratory viral diseases (temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and air saturation state). T and RH are strongly correlated with viral inactivation in the air, whereas supersaturated air can promote droplet deposition in the respiratory tract. This study introduces a new concept, the dynamic virus deposition ratio (α), that reflects the dynamic changes in viral inactivation and droplet deposition under varying ambient environments. A non-steady-state-modified Wells-Riley model is established to predict the infection risk of shared air space and highlight the high-risk environmental conditions. Findings reveal that a rise in T would significantly reduce the transmission of COVID-19 in the cold season, while the effect is not significant in the hot season. The infection risk under low-T and high-RH conditions, such as the frozen seafood market, is substantially underestimated, which should be taken seriously. The study encourages selected containment measures against high-risk environmental conditions and cross-discipline management in the public health crisis based on meteorology, government, and medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, Institute of Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yupei Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, Institute of Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Li
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhao
- China Academy of Building Research, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqin Wang
- China Academy of Building Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zhu Cheng
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Enshen Long
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, Institute of Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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49
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Ying Z, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Zhang W, Huang Q, Shen Y, Fang H, Hou H, Yan L. Unexpected hygroscopic behaviors of individual sub-50 nm NaNO 3 nanoparticles observed by in situ atomic force microscopy. Sci Total Environ 2022; 852:158441. [PMID: 36067856 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hygroscopicity is one of the most important physicochemical properties of salt nanoparticles, greatly influencing the environment, climate and human health. However, the hygroscopic properties of salt nanoparticles are poorly understood owing to the great challenges of the preparation, preservation and in situ characterization. Here we show the unexpected shape- and size-dependent hygroscopic behaviors of NaNO3 nanoparticles prepared from molten salts using in situ environment-controlled atomic force microscopy. During the humidifying process, the angular and round sub-50 nm NaNO3 particles display anisotropic and isotropic water adsorption behaviors, respectively. The sub-10 nm NaNO3 nanoparticles abnormally shrink and disappear. The growth factors of the NaNO3 nanoparticles are highly sensitive to their sizes and shapes, and quite different from those of NaNO3 microparticles. These findings show that the hygroscopic behaviors of salt nanoparticles may not be comprehensively described by the traditional growth factors, and open up a new pathway to study the hygroscopic behaviors of salt nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhemian Ying
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zejun Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuying Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yue Shen
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
| | - Haiping Fang
- School of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Huiqi Hou
- Institute of Environmental Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Long Yan
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
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50
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Zhu M, Ester GDA, Wang Y, Xu Z, Ye J, Yuan Z, Lin F, Fang S, Mao Z, Wang X, Hao Z. El Niño-Southern Oscillation affects the species-level temporal variation in seed and leaf fall in a mixed temperate forest. Sci Total Environ 2022; 850:157751. [PMID: 35926612 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the variation between anomalously cold (La Niña) and warm conditions (El Niño), is one of the most prominent large-scale climate patterns with worldwide effects. Elevated seed and leaf fall has been found at the positive phase of ENSO (El Niño) in tropical forests. However, how seed and leaf fall respond to ENSO at species level is understudied, especially in temperate forests. In this study, we monitored seed and leaf fall at the species-level at 150 points across a 25-ha temperate forest in northeastern China over a span of 12 years. Using time series and wavelet analyses, we assessed three hypotheses: 1) temperate tree species' seed and leaf fall are strongly, but differently, correlated with ENSO and, 2) community synchrony in seed and leaf occurred both at seasonal and ENSO scales; finally, 3) local climatic modulated the effects of ENSO on seed and leaf fall. We found that ENSO was significantly correlated with seed and leaf fall of all species, although correlation strength varied across species (r = 0.206-0.658). Specifically, ENSO indices (ENSO12 or ENSO34) accounted for the most variation in seed and leaf fall of Acer pseudo-sieboldianum (40 % and 34 %, respectively) and ranged 4 %-31 % in all other species. Leaf fall was synchronous with ENSO cycles with a period of 2-7 years, but community synchrony of seed fall was only detected at seasonal scales. ENSO influenced seed fall of Fraxinus mandshurica and Tilla amurensis by mediating rainfall and relative humidity, respectively, highlighting the interactive effects of local climate and ENSO. Our findings highlight the potential effects of ENSO on ecosystems outside of tropical regions and improve our ability to predict regeneration dynamics and nutrient cycling of temperate forests under the context of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Liaoning Province, China
| | | | - Yunyun Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology and National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China, Changsha, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ji Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zuoqiang Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fei Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shuai Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zikun Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xugao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhanqing Hao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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