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Gautam S, Gadhave KR, Buck JW, Dutta B, Coolong T, Adkins S, Simmons AM, Srinivasan R. Effects of Host Plants and Their Infection Status on Acquisition and Inoculation of A Plant Virus by Its Hemipteran Vector. Pathogens 2023; 12:1119. [PMID: 37764927 PMCID: PMC10537197 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (B cryptic species), transmits cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV) in a persistent fashion. CuLCrV affects several crops such as squash and snap bean in the southeastern United States. CuLCrV is often found as a mixed infection with whitefly transmitted criniviruses, such as cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) in hosts such as squash, or as a single infection in hosts such as snap bean. The implications of different host plants (inoculum sources) with varying infection status on CuLCrV transmission/epidemics is not clear. This study conducted a series of whitefly mediated CuLCrV transmission experiments. In the first experiment, three plants species: squash, snap bean, and tobacco were inoculated by whiteflies feeding on field-collected mixed-infected squash plants. In the second experiment, three plant species, namely squash, snap bean, and tobacco with varying infection status (squash infected with CuLCrV and CYSDV and snap bean and tobacco infected with CuLCrV), were used as inoculum sources. In the third experiment, squash plants with differential CuLCrV accumulation levels and infection status (either singly infected with CuLCrV or mixed infected with CuLCrV and CYSDV) were used as inoculum sources. Irrespective of plant species and its infection status, CuLCrV accumulation in whiteflies was dependent upon the CuLCrV accumulation in the inoculum source plants. Furthermore, differential CuLCrV accumulation in whiteflies resulted in differential transmission, CuLCrV accumulation, and disease phenotype in the recipient squash plants. Overall, results demonstrate that whitefly mediated CuLCrV transmission between host plants follows a virus density dependent phenomenon with implications for epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Gautam
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA;
| | - Kiran R. Gadhave
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, 6500 W Amarillo Blvd, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA;
| | - James W. Buck
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment St., Griffin, GA 30223, USA;
| | - Bhabesh Dutta
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, 3250 Rainwater Road, Tifton, GA 31793, USA;
| | - Timothy Coolong
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, 1111 Miller Plant Sciences, 120 Carlton Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Scott Adkins
- USDA-ARS, U.S., Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA;
| | - Alvin M. Simmons
- USDA-ARS, U.S., Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29414, USA;
| | - Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA;
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Dhole RR, Singh RN, Dhanapal R, Singla S, Ramkumar G, Muthuusamy R, Salmen SH, Alharbi SA, Narayanan M, Karuppusamy I. Impact assessment of natural variations in different weather factors on the incidence of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Genn. and yellow vein mosaic disease in Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. Environ Res 2023; 231:116209. [PMID: 37217129 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, also renowned as the silver leaf whitefly, is among the most damaging polyphagous insect pests in many commercially important crops and commodities. A set of field experiments were conducted for three consecutive years i.e., 2018-2020, to investigate the role of variations in rainfall, temperature, and relative humidity on the abundance of B. tabaci in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). In the first experiment, the variety Arka Anamika was cultivated twice a year to analyse the incidence of B. tabaci concerning the prevailing weather factors and the overall pooled incidence recorded during the dry and wet season was 1.34 ± 0.51 to 20.03 ± 1.42 and 2.26 ± 1.08 to 18.3 ± 1.96, respectively. Similarly, it was observed that the highest number of B. tabaci catch (19.51 ± 1.64 whiteflies/3 leaves) was recorded in morning hours between 08:31 to 09:30 a.m. The Yellow Vein Mosaic Disease (YVMD) is a devastating disease of okra caused by begomovirus, for which B. tabaci acts as a vector. In another experiment, screening was conducted to check the relative susceptibility of three different varieties viz., ArkaAnamika, PusaSawani, and ParbhaniKranti against B. tabaci (incidence) and YVMD ((Percent Disease Incidence (PDI), Disease Severity Index (DSI), and Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC)). The recorded data was normalized by standard transformation and subjected to ANOVA for population dynamics and PDI. Pearson's rank correlation matrix and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) have been used to relate the influences of various weather conditions on distribution and abundance. SPSS and R software were used to create the regression model for predicting the population of B. tabaci. Late sown PusaSawani evolved as a highly susceptible variety in terms of B. tabaci (24.83 ± 6.79 adults/3leaves; mean ± SE; N = 10) as well as YVMD i.e., PDI (38.00 ± 4.95 infected plants/50plants), DSI (71.6-96.4% at 30 DAS) and AUDPC (mean β-value = 0.76; R2 = 0.96) while early sown Parbhani Kranti least susceptible to both. However, the variety ArkaAnamika was observed as moderately susceptible to B. tabaci and its resultant disease. Moreover, environmental factors were predominantly responsible for regulating the population of insect pests in the field and hence its productivity like rainfall and relative humidity were negative while the temperature was positively correlated with B. tabaci (incidence) and YVMD (AUDPC). The findings are helpful for the farmers to choose need-based IPM strategies than timing-based, which would fit perfectly with the present agro-ecosystems in all ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radheshyam Ramakrishna Dhole
- Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, I. Ag. Sc., BHU, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Entomology, Narayan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Gopal Narayan Singh University, Jamuhar, Sasaram, 821 305, Bihar, India
| | - Rajendra Nath Singh
- Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, I. Ag. Sc., BHU, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendran Dhanapal
- Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, I. Ag. Sc., BHU, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Entomology, Adhiparasakthi Horticultural College, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Ranipet, 632 506, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saurav Singla
- Department of Statistics, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Govindaraju Ramkumar
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru, 560 089, Karnataka, India
| | - Ranganathan Muthuusamy
- PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Adhiyamaan Educational Research Institute, Hosur, 635 130, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saleh H Salmen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mathiyazhagan Narayanan
- Division of Research and Innovations, Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Indira Karuppusamy
- Research Center for Strategic Materials, Corrosion Resistant Steel Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan.
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Shah SHJ, Malik AH, Zhang B, Bao Y, Qazi J. Metagenomic analysis of relative abundance and diversity of bacterial microbiota in Bemisia tabaci infesting cotton crop in Pakistan. Infect Genet Evol 2020; 84:104381. [PMID: 32470630 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
B. tabaci species complex are among the world's most devastating agricultural pests causing economic losses by direct feeding and more importantly by transmitting plant viruses like cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) associated viruses to cultivated cotton in Pakistan. Taxonomic diversity of B. tabaci associated bacterial communities using NGS techniques so far is reported from insects grown on artificial diet under lab conditions. In this study 16S rDNA metagenome sequencing analysis was used to characterize bacterial compositions in wild adult B. tabaci infesting cultivated cotton in eight major cotton growing districts of southern Punjab, Pakistan. We have identified 50 known and 7 unknown genera of bacteria belonging to 10 phyla, 20 classes, 30 orders and 40 families. Beta diversity analysis of our data sets reveal that whiteflies infesting cotton in geographically distinct locations had similar bacterial diversity. These results for the first time provide insights into the microbiome diversity of wild type whiteflies infesting a cultivated crop.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bing Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics (BIG), Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Yiming Bao
- Beijing Institute of Genomics (BIG), Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Javaria Qazi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Yang Z, Xia J, Pan H, Gong C, Xie W, Guo Z, Zheng H, Yang X, Yang F, Wu Q, Wang S, Zhang Y. Genome-Wide Characterization and Expression Profiling of Sugar Transporter Family in the Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Front Physiol 2017; 8:322. [PMID: 28588501 PMCID: PMC5440588 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar transporters (STs) play pivotal roles in the growth, development, and stress responses of phloem-sucking insects, such as the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. In this study, 137 sugar transporters (STs) were identified based on analysis of the genome and transcriptome of B. tabaci MEAM1. B. tabaci MEAM1 encodes a larger number of STs than other selected insects. Phylogenetic and molecular evolution analysis showed that the 137 STs formed three expanded clades and that the genes in Sternorrhyncha expanded clades had accelerated rates of evolution. B. tabaci sugar transporters (BTSTs) were divided into three groups based on their expression profiles across developmental stages; however, no host-specific BTST was found in B. tabaci fed on different host plants. Feeding of B. tabaci adults with feeding diet containing dsRNA significantly reduced the transcript level of the target genes in B. tabaci and mortality was significantly improved in B. tabaci fed on dsRNA compared to the control, which indicates the sugar transporters may be used as potential RNAi targets for B. tabaci bio-control. These results provide a foundation for further studies of STs in B. tabaci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezhong Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha, China.,Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Jixing Xia
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China.,Department of Biocontrol, Institute of Plant Protection, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbin, China
| | - Huipeng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Gong
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Zhaojiang Guo
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Huixin Zheng
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha, China.,Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Fengshan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Shaoli Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
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Meng X, Zhu C, Feng Y, Li W, Shao X, Xu Z, Cheng J, Li Z. Computational Insights into the Different Resistance Mechanism of Imidacloprid versus Dinotefuran in Bemisia tabaci. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:1231-1238. [PMID: 26817991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Insecticide resistance is a critical problem for pest control and management. For Bemisia tabaci, striking high metabolic resistance (generally conferred by CYP6CM1) was observed for imidacloprid (IMI) and most other neonicotinoid members. However, dinotefuran (DIN) displayed very low resistance factors, which indicated distinct metabolic properties. Here, molecular modeling methods were applied to explore the different resistance features of IMI versus DIN within the Q type of CYP6CM1. It was found that Arg225 played crucial roles in the binding of IMI-CYP6CM1vQ with a cation-π interaction and two stable H-bonds; however, such interactions were all absent in the DIN-CYP6CM1vQ system. The stable binding of IMI with CYP6CM1vQ would facilitate the following metabolic reaction, while the weak binding of DIN might disable its potential metabolism, which should be an important factor for their distinct resistance levels. The findings might facilitate future design of the antiresistance neonicotinoid molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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Yang X, Xie W, Wang SL, Wu QJ, Pan HP, Li RM, Yang NN, Liu BM, Xu BY, Zhou X, Zhang YJ. Two cytochrome P450 genes are involved in imidacloprid resistance in field populations of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, in China. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2013; 107:343-50. [PMID: 24267696 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae), is an invasive and damaging pest of field crops worldwide. The neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid has been widely used to control this pest. We assessed the species composition (B vs. Q), imidacloprid resistance, and association between imidacloprid resistance and the expression of five P450 genes for 14-17 B. tabaci populations in 12 provinces in China. Fifteen of 17 populations contained only B. tabaci Q, and two populations contained both B and Q. Seven of 17 populations exhibited moderate to high resistance to imidacloprid, and eight populations exhibited low resistance to imidacloprid, compared with the most susceptible field WHHB population. In a study of 14 of the populations, resistance level was correlated with the expression of the P450 genes CYP6CM1 and CYP4C64 but not with the expression of CYP6CX1, CYP6CX4, or CYP6DZ7. This study indicates that B. tabaci Q has a wider distribution in China than previously reported. Resistance to imidacloprid in field populations of B. tabaci is associated with the increased expression of two cytochrome P450 genes (CYP6CM1 and CYP4C64).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Department of Pesticide Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China; Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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